django/core/cache/backends/base.py

"Base Cache class."

import time
import warnings

from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async

from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile


class InvalidCacheBackendError(ImproperlyConfigured):
    pass


class CacheKeyWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    pass


class InvalidCacheKey(ValueError):
    pass


# Stub class to ensure not passing in a `timeout` argument results in
# the default timeout
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = object()

# Memcached does not accept keys longer than this.
MEMCACHE_MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 250


def default_key_func(key, key_prefix, version):
    """
    Default function to generate keys.

    Construct the key used by all other methods. By default, prepend
    the `key_prefix`. KEY_FUNCTION can be used to specify an alternate
    function with custom key making behavior.
    """
    return "%s:%s:%s" % (key_prefix, version, key)


def get_key_func(key_func):
    """
    Function to decide which key function to use.

    Default to ``default_key_func``.
    """
    if key_func is not None:
        if callable(key_func):
            return key_func
        else:
            return import_string(key_func)
    return default_key_func


class BaseCache:
    _missing_key = object()

    def __init__(self, params):
        timeout = params.get("timeout", params.get("TIMEOUT", 300))
        if timeout is not None:
            try:
                timeout = int(timeout)
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                timeout = 300
        self.default_timeout = timeout

        options = params.get("OPTIONS", {})
        max_entries = params.get("max_entries", options.get("MAX_ENTRIES", 300))
        try:
            self._max_entries = int(max_entries)
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            self._max_entries = 300

        cull_frequency = params.get("cull_frequency", options.get("CULL_FREQUENCY", 3))
        try:
            self._cull_frequency = int(cull_frequency)
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            self._cull_frequency = 3

        self.key_prefix = params.get("KEY_PREFIX", "")
        self.version = params.get("VERSION", 1)
        self.key_func = get_key_func(params.get("KEY_FUNCTION"))

    def get_backend_timeout(self, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
        """
        Return the timeout value usable by this backend based upon the provided
        timeout.
        """
        if timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
            timeout = self.default_timeout
        elif timeout == 0:
            # ticket 21147 - avoid time.time() related precision issues
            timeout = -1
        return None if timeout is None else time.time() + timeout

    def make_key(self, key, version=None):
        """
        Construct the key used by all other methods. By default, use the
        key_func to generate a key (which, by default, prepends the
        `key_prefix' and 'version'). A different key function can be provided
        at the time of cache construction; alternatively, you can subclass the
        cache backend to provide custom key making behavior.
        """
        if version is None:
            version = self.version

        return self.key_func(key, self.key_prefix, version)

    def validate_key(self, key):
        """
        Warn about keys that would not be portable to the memcached
        backend. This encourages (but does not force) writing backend-portable
        cache code.
        """
        for warning in memcache_key_warnings(key):
            warnings.warn(warning, CacheKeyWarning)

    def make_and_validate_key(self, key, version=None):
        """Helper to make and validate keys."""
        key = self.make_key(key, version=version)
        self.validate_key(key)
        return key

    def add(self, key, value, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        """
        Set a value in the cache if the key does not already exist. If
        timeout is given, use that timeout for the key; otherwise use the
        default cache timeout.

        Return True if the value was stored, False otherwise.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "subclasses of BaseCache must provide an add() method"
        )

    async def aadd(self, key, value, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        return await sync_to_async(self.add, thread_sensitive=True)(
            key, value, timeout, version
        )

    def get(self, key, default=None, version=None):
        """
        Fetch a given key from the cache. If the key does not exist, return
        default, which itself defaults to None.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("subclasses of BaseCache must provide a get() method")

    async def aget(self, key, default=None, version=None):
        return await sync_to_async(self.get, thread_sensitive=True)(
            key, default, version
        )

    def set(self, key, value, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        """
        Set a value in the cache. If timeout is given, use that timeout for the
        key; otherwise use the default cache timeout.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("subclasses of BaseCache must provide a set() method")

    async def aset(self, key, value, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        return await sync_to_async(self.set, thread_sensitive=True)(
            key, value, timeout, version
        )

    def touch(self, key, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        """
        Update the key's expiry time using timeout. Return True if successful
        or False if the key does not exist.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "subclasses of BaseCache must provide a touch() method"
        )

    async def atouch(self, key, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        return await sync_to_async(self.touch, thread_sensitive=True)(
            key, timeout, version
        )

    def delete(self, key, version=None):
        """
        Delete a key from the cache and return whether it succeeded, failing
        silently.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "subclasses of BaseCache must provide a delete() method"
        )

    async def adelete(self, key, version=None):
        return await sync_to_async(self.delete, thread_sensitive=True)(key, version)

    def get_many(self, keys, version=None):
        """
        Fetch a bunch of keys from the cache. For certain backends (memcached,
        pgsql) this can be *much* faster when fetching multiple values.

        Return a dict mapping each key in keys to its value. If the given
        key is missing, it will be missing from the response dict.
        """
        d = {}
        for k in keys:
            val = self.get(k, self._missing_key, version=version)
            if val is not self._missing_key:
                d[k] = val
        return d

    async def aget_many(self, keys, version=None):
        """See get_many()."""
        d = {}
        for k in keys:
            val = await self.aget(k, self._missing_key, version=version)
            if val is not self._missing_key:
                d[k] = val
        return d

    def get_or_set(self, key, default, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        """
        Fetch a given key from the cache. If the key does not exist,
        add the key and set it to the default value. The default value can
        also be any callable. If timeout is given, use that timeout for the
        key; otherwise use the default cache timeout.

        Return the value of the key stored or retrieved.
        """
        val = self.get(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
        if val is self._missing_key:
            if callable(default):
                default = default()
            self.add(key, default, timeout=timeout, version=version)
            # Fetch the value again to avoid a race condition if another caller
            # added a value between the first get() and the add() above.
            return self.get(key, default, version=version)
        return val

    async def aget_or_set(self, key, default, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        """See get_or_set()."""
        val = await self.aget(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
        if val is self._missing_key:
            if callable(default):
                default = default()
            await self.aadd(key, default, timeout=timeout, version=version)
            # Fetch the value again to avoid a race condition if another caller
            # added a value between the first aget() and the aadd() above.
            return await self.aget(key, default, version=version)
        return val

    def has_key(self, key, version=None):
        """
        Return True if the key is in the cache and has not expired.
        """
        return (
            self.get(key, self._missing_key, version=version) is not self._missing_key
        )

    async def ahas_key(self, key, version=None):
        return (
            await self.aget(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
            is not self._missing_key
        )

    def incr(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        """
        Add delta to value in the cache. If the key does not exist, raise a
        ValueError exception.
        """
        value = self.get(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
        if value is self._missing_key:
            raise ValueError("Key '%s' not found" % key)
        new_value = value + delta
        self.set(key, new_value, version=version)
        return new_value

    async def aincr(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        """See incr()."""
        value = await self.aget(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
        if value is self._missing_key:
            raise ValueError("Key '%s' not found" % key)
        new_value = value + delta
        await self.aset(key, new_value, version=version)
        return new_value

    def decr(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        """
        Subtract delta from value in the cache. If the key does not exist, raise
        a ValueError exception.
        """
        return self.incr(key, -delta, version=version)

    async def adecr(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        return await self.aincr(key, -delta, version=version)

    def __contains__(self, key):
        """
        Return True if the key is in the cache and has not expired.
        """
        # This is a separate method, rather than just a copy of has_key(),
        # so that it always has the same functionality as has_key(), even
        # if a subclass overrides it.
        return self.has_key(key)

    def set_many(self, data, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        """
        Set a bunch of values in the cache at once from a dict of key/value
        pairs.  For certain backends (memcached), this is much more efficient
        than calling set() multiple times.

        If timeout is given, use that timeout for the key; otherwise use the
        default cache timeout.

        On backends that support it, return a list of keys that failed
        insertion, or an empty list if all keys were inserted successfully.
        """
        for key, value in data.items():
            self.set(key, value, timeout=timeout, version=version)
        return []

    async def aset_many(self, data, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, version=None):
        for key, value in data.items():
            await self.aset(key, value, timeout=timeout, version=version)
        return []

    def delete_many(self, keys, version=None):
        """
        Delete a bunch of values in the cache at once. For certain backends
        (memcached), this is much more efficient than calling delete() multiple
        times.
        """
        for key in keys:
            self.delete(key, version=version)

    async def adelete_many(self, keys, version=None):
        for key in keys:
            await self.adelete(key, version=version)

    def clear(self):
        """Remove *all* values from the cache at once."""
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "subclasses of BaseCache must provide a clear() method"
        )

    async def aclear(self):
        return await sync_to_async(self.clear, thread_sensitive=True)()

    def incr_version(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        """
        Add delta to the cache version for the supplied key. Return the new
        version.
        """
        if version is None:
            version = self.version

        value = self.get(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
        if value is self._missing_key:
            raise ValueError("Key '%s' not found" % key)

        self.set(key, value, version=version + delta)
        self.delete(key, version=version)
        return version + delta

    async def aincr_version(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        """See incr_version()."""
        if version is None:
            version = self.version

        value = await self.aget(key, self._missing_key, version=version)
        if value is self._missing_key:
            raise ValueError("Key '%s' not found" % key)

        await self.aset(key, value, version=version + delta)
        await self.adelete(key, version=version)
        return version + delta

    def decr_version(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        """
        Subtract delta from the cache version for the supplied key. Return the
        new version.
        """
        return self.incr_version(key, -delta, version)

    async def adecr_version(self, key, delta=1, version=None):
        return await self.aincr_version(key, -delta, version)

    def close(self, **kwargs):
        """Close the cache connection"""
        pass

    async def aclose(self, **kwargs):
        pass


memcached_error_chars_re = _lazy_re_compile(r"[\x00-\x20\x7f]")


def memcache_key_warnings(key):
    if len(key) > MEMCACHE_MAX_KEY_LENGTH:
        yield (
            "Cache key will cause errors if used with memcached: %r "
            "(longer than %s)" % (key, MEMCACHE_MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
        )
    if memcached_error_chars_re.search(key):
        yield (
            "Cache key contains characters that will cause errors if used with "
            f"memcached: {key!r}"
        )