locking/qspinlock, x86: Provide liveness guarantee

Peter Zijlstra · Ingo Molnar · commit 7aa54be29765 · 2018-10-16T17:33:54.000+02:00
On x86 we cannot do fetch_or() with a single instruction and thus end up using a cmpxchg loop, this reduces determinism. Replace the fetch_or() with a composite operation: tas-pending + load. Using two instructions of course opens a window we previously did not have. Consider the scenario: CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 1) lock trylock -> (0,0,1) 2) lock trylock /* fail */ 3) unlock -> (0,0,0) 4) lock trylock -> (0,0,1) 5) tas-pending -> (0,1,1) load-val <- (0,1,0) from 3 6) clear-pending-set-locked -> (0,0,1) FAIL: _2_ owners where 5) is our new composite operation. When we consider each part of the qspinlock state as a separate variable (as we can when _Q_PENDING_BITS == 8) then the above is entirely possible, because tas-pending will only RmW the pending byte, so the later load is able to observe prior tail and lock state (but not earlier than its own trylock, which operates on the whole word, due to coherence). To avoid this we need 2 things: - the load must come after the tas-pending (obviously, otherwise it can trivially observe prior state). - the tas-pending must be a full word RmW instruction, it cannot be an XCHGB for example, such that we cannot observe other state prior to setting pending. On x86 we can realize this by using "LOCK BTS m32, r32" for tas-pending followed by a regular load. Note that observing later state is not a problem: - if we fail to observe a later unlock, we'll simply spin-wait for that store to become visible. - if we observe a later xchg_tail(), there is no difference from that xchg_tail() having taken place before the tas-pending. Suggested-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: andrea.parri@amarulasolutions.com Cc: longman@redhat.com Fixes: 59fb586 ("locking/qspinlock: Remove unbounded cmpxchg() loop from locking slowpath") Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181003130957.183726335@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/qspinlock.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/qspinlock.h
@@ -6,9 +6,24 @@
 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
 #include <asm-generic/qspinlock_types.h>
 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
+#include <asm/rmwcc.h>
 
 #define _Q_PENDING_LOOPS	(1 << 9)
 
+#define queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire
+static __always_inline u32 queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+	u32 val = 0;
+
+	if (GEN_BINARY_RMWcc(LOCK_PREFIX "btsl", lock->val.counter, c,
+			     "I", _Q_PENDING_OFFSET))
+		val |= _Q_PENDING_VAL;
+
+	val |= atomic_read(&lock->val) & ~_Q_PENDING_MASK;
+
+	return val;
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS
 extern void native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 val);
 extern void __pv_init_lock_hash(void);
diff --git a/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c b/kernel/locking/qspinlock.c
@@ -231,6 +231,20 @@ static __always_inline u32 xchg_tail(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 tail)
 }
 #endif /* _Q_PENDING_BITS == 8 */
 
+/**
+ * queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire - fetch the whole lock value and set pending
+ * @lock : Pointer to queued spinlock structure
+ * Return: The previous lock value
+ *
+ * *,*,* -> *,1,*
+ */
+#ifndef queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire
+static __always_inline u32 queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire(struct qspinlock *lock)
+{
+	return atomic_fetch_or_acquire(_Q_PENDING_VAL, &lock->val);
+}
+#endif
+
 /**
  * set_locked - Set the lock bit and own the lock
  * @lock: Pointer to queued spinlock structure
@@ -328,7 +342,7 @@ void queued_spin_lock_slowpath(struct qspinlock *lock, u32 val)
 	 *
 	 * 0,0,* -> 0,1,* -> 0,0,1 pending, trylock
 	 */
-	val = atomic_fetch_or_acquire(_Q_PENDING_VAL, &lock->val);
+	val = queued_fetch_set_pending_acquire(lock);
 
 	/*
 	 * If we observe contention, there is a concurrent locker.
