diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 7091845dbb4..c8dcecc907c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ jobs:
uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-modify-file-content@main
with:
path: README.md
+ trim_whitespace: false
openDelimiter: ''
closeDelimiter: ''
body: |
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-modify-file-content@main
with:
path: template/contributors.ejs
+ trim_whitespace: false
openDelimiter: ''
closeDelimiter: ''
body: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync.yml b/.github/workflows/sync.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index df5a9fa39eb..00000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/sync.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-name: Upstream Sync
-
-permissions:
- contents: write
-
-on:
- schedule:
- - cron: "0 0 * * *" # every day
- workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
- sync_latest_from_upstream:
- name: Sync latest commits from upstream repo
- runs-on: ubuntu-latest
- if: ${{ github.event.repository.fork }}
-
- steps:
- # Step 1: run a standard checkout action
- - name: Checkout target repo
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
- # Step 2: run the sync action
- - name: Sync upstream changes
- id: sync
- uses: aormsby/Fork-Sync-With-Upstream-action@v3.4
- with:
- upstream_sync_repo: jaywcjlove/linux-command
- upstream_sync_branch: master
- target_sync_branch: master
- target_repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # automatically generated, no need to set
-
- # Set test_mode true to run tests instead of the true action!!
- test_mode: false
-
- - name: Sync check
- if: failure()
- run: |
- echo "[Error] 由于上游仓库的 workflow 文件变更，导致 GitHub 自动暂停了本次自动更新，你需要手动 Sync Fork 一次。"
- echo "[Error] Due to a change in the workflow file of the upstream repository, GitHub has automatically suspended the scheduled automatic update. You need to manually sync your fork."
- exit 1
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6d5641f5c21..2fb2b7d11bb 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+
+
+
@@ -13,7 +28,40 @@
[](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/linux-command)
[](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command)
-当前仓库搜集了 580 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
+当前仓库搜集了 600 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
+
+## 赞助支持
+
+非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们！如果您认可我的工作，欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表：
+
+
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+
## Web 版本
@@ -29,17 +77,57 @@
[](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/)
-你可以随意部署 web 版，这非常简单，只需要克隆 [`gh-pages`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/gh-pages) 分支代码到你的静态服务就可以了。你也可以将 [`command`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/master/command) 目录中的 Markdown 文件拿去自己生成 HTML。还可以使用下方 docker 方法部署 web 版。
+你可以随意部署 web 版，这非常简单，只需要克隆 [gh-pages](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/gh-pages) 分支代码到你的静态服务就可以了。你也可以将 [`command`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/master/command) 目录中的 Markdown 文件拿去自己生成 HTML。还可以使用下方 [Docker 部署](#docker-部署) web 版。
+
+⚠️ 部署的静态网站，还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址，这样大家共同维护命令文档，让文档更加完善，更加丰富，当然删除本站所有相关信息，其实我也不太在意，默认允许你们随意搞，我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份，可以将网址放到下面 :)。
-⚠️ 你们拿过去部署的静态网站，还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址，这样大家共同维护命令文档，让文档更加完善，更加丰富，当然你删除本站所有信息相关信息，其实我也不太在意，默认允许你们随意搞，我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份，可以将网址放到下面 :)。
+由于中国国内访问，时常打不开，你可以访问下面镜像网站。也可以通过推荐或提交 PR 的方式添加你的[镜像站 #649](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/649#issue-3141950597)，以提升权重并加快搜索引擎收录。
**推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
-[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
+[**`wu114.cn`**](https://linux.wu114.cn)
+[**`waadri.top`**](https://linuxcommand.waadri.top)
+[**`zanglikun.com`**](https://linux.zanglikun.com)
+[**`alapi.cn`**](https://linux.alapi.cn)
+[**`fasfuah.icu`**](https://linux.fasfuah.icu)
+[**`cnxiaobai.com`**](https://linux.cnxiaobai.com)
+[**`sicangge.com`**](https://linux.sicangge.com)
+[**`largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)
+[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)
+[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)
+[**`devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)
+[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)
+[**`mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)
+[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)
+[**`zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)
+[**`vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)
+[**`shinote.net`**](https://linux.shinote.net/)
+[`liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/)
+[`renye.net`](https://renye.net/)
+[`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)
+[`alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)
+[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
+[`jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
+[`xiyung.cn`](https://xiyung.cn/linux-command/)
**其它 web 版本**
-[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)，[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/), [`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/)
+[`briline.net`](http://linux.briline.net)
+[`pkslow.com`](https://www.pkslow.com/linux-commands/index.html)
+[`ifdev.cn`](https://cmd.ifdev.cn)
+[`witnect.top`](https://witnect.top/)
+[`lylme.com`](https://linux.lylme.com/)
+[`ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)
+[`gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)
+[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)
+[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)
+[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)
+[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)
+[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)
+[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)
+[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)
+[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/)
+[`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/)
## 其它版本
@@ -53,7 +141,7 @@
- [`@chenjiandongx/how`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/how) Python 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129)，由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供
- [`@chenjiandongx/pls`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/pls) Golang 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129)，由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供
-## Docker
+## Docker 部署
[](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) [](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) [](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command)
@@ -61,16 +149,12 @@
```bash
docker pull wcjiang/linux-command
-# Or
-docker pull ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest
```
```bash
docker run --name linux-command --rm -d -p 9665:3000 wcjiang/linux-command:latest
# Or
docker run --name linux-command -itd -p 9665:3000 wcjiang/linux-command:latest
-# Or
-docker run --name linux-command -itd -p 9665:3000 ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest
```
在浏览器中访问以下 URL
@@ -222,7 +306,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命
### 社区网站
- [Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) - 各种资讯、文章、技术
-- [实验楼](https://www.shiyanlou.com/) - 免费提供了Linux在线环境，不用在自己机子上装系统也可以学习Linux，超方便实用。
+- [LabEx](https://labex.io/) - 免费提供了Linux在线环境，不用在自己机子上装系统也可以学习Linux，超方便实用。
- [鸟哥的linux私房菜](http://linux.vbird.org/) - 非常适合Linux入门初学者看的教程。
- [Linux公社](http://www.linuxidc.com/) - Linux相关的新闻、教程、主题、壁纸都有。
- [Linux Today](http://www.linuxde.net) - Linux新闻资讯发布，Linux职业技术学习！。
@@ -232,10 +316,9 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命
- [Linux思维导图整理](http://www.jianshu.com/p/59f759207862)
- [Linux初学者进阶学习资源整理](http://www.jianshu.com/p/fe2a790b41eb)
-- [Linux 基础入门（新版）](https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/1)
+- [Linux 新手入门（动手实验）](https://labex.io/zh/courses/linux-for-noobs)
- [【译】Linux概念架构的理解](http://www.jianshu.com/p/c5ae8f061cfe) [En](http://oss.org.cn/ossdocs/linux/kernel/a1/index.html)
- [Linux 守护进程的启动方法](http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/02/linux-daemon.html)
-- [Linux编程之内存映射](https://www.shiyanlou.com/questions/2992)
- [Linux知识点小结](https://blog.huachao.me/2016/1/Linux%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%82%B9%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%93/)
- [10大白帽黑客专用的 Linux 操作系统](https://linux.cn/article-6971-1.html)
@@ -293,7 +376,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
一如既往，感谢我们出色的贡献者！
-
+
+
@@ -308,42 +392,47 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
@@ -353,28 +442,30 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -383,7 +474,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
-
+
@@ -394,6 +485,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
+
@@ -401,68 +493,74 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
diff --git a/command/as.md b/command/as.md
index 622f791b0c3..12578067995 100644
--- a/command/as.md
+++ b/command/as.md
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ as
## 补充说明
-**as命令** GNU组织推出的一款汇编语言编译器，它支持多种不同类型的处理器。
+**as命令** 是GNU组织推出的一款汇编语言编译器，它支持多种不同类型的处理器。
-### 语法
+### 语法
```shell
-as(选项)(参数)
+as [选项] [参数]
```
-### 选项
+### 选项
```shell
-ac：忽略失败条件；
@@ -33,8 +33,44 @@ as(选项)(参数)
--statistics：打印汇编所用的最大空间和总时间。
```
-### 参数
+### 参数
汇编文件：指定要汇编的源文件。
+### 示例
+编译一个汇编文件并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+忽略调试指令并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -ad -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+生成包含调试信息的目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -g -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+包括宏扩展并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -am -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+打印汇编所用的最大空间和总时间
+
+```shell
+as --statistics -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+跳过空白和注释预处理并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -f -o output.o source.s
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/command/at.md b/command/at.md
index 5b3ca031569..352063efe3a 100644
--- a/command/at.md
+++ b/command/at.md
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ at
## 补充说明
-**at命令** 用于在指定时间执行命令。at允许使用一套相当复杂的指定时间的方法。它能够接受在当天的hh:mm（小时:分钟）式的时间指定。假如该时间已过去，那么就放在第二天执行。当然也能够使用midnight（深夜），noon（中午），teatime（饮茶时间，一般是下午4点）等比较模糊的 词语来指定时间。用户还能够采用12小时计时制，即在时间后面加上AM（上午）或PM（下午）来说明是上午还是下午。 也能够指定命令执行的具体日期，指定格式为month day（月 日）或mm/dd/yy（月/日/年）或dd.mm.yy（日.月.年）。指定的日期必须跟在指定时间的后面。
+**at命令** 用于在指定时间执行命令。at允许使用一套相当复杂的指定时间的方法。它能够接受在当天的hh:mm（小时:分钟）式的时间指定。假如该时间已过去，那么就放在第二天执行。当然也能够使用midnight（深夜），noon（中午），teatime（饮茶时间，一般是下午4点）等比较模糊的词语来指定时间。用户还能够采用12小时计时制，即在时间后面加上AM（上午）或PM（下午）来说明是上午还是下午。也能够指定命令执行的具体日期，指定格式为month day（月 日）或mm/dd/yy（月/日/年）或dd.mm.yy（日.月.年）。指定的日期必须跟在指定时间的后面。
-上面介绍的都是绝对计时法，其实还能够使用相对计时法，这对于安排不久就要执行的命令是很有好处的。指定格式为：`now + count time-units`，now就是当前时间，time-units是时间单位，这里能够是minutes（分钟）、hours（小时）、days（天）、weeks（星期）。count是时间的数量，究竟是几天，还是几小时，等等。 更有一种计时方法就是直接使用today（今天）、tomorrow（明天）来指定完成命令的时间。
+上面介绍的都是绝对计时法，其实还能够使用相对计时法，这对于安排不久就要执行的命令是很有好处的。指定格式为：`now + count time-units`，now就是当前时间，time-units是时间单位，这里能够是minutes（分钟）、hours（小时）、days（天）、weeks（星期）。count是时间的数量，究竟是几天，还是几小时，等等。更有一种计时方法就是直接使用today（今天）、tomorrow（明天）来指定完成命令的时间。
-### 语法
+### 语法
```shell
at [-V] [-q 队列] [-f 文件] [-mldbv] 时间 at -c 作业 [作业...]
```
-### 选项
+### 选项
```shell
-f：指定包含具体指令的任务文件；
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ at [-V] [-q 队列] [-f 文件] [-mldbv] 时间 at -c 作业 [作业...]
-m：任务执行完成后向用户发送E-mail。
```
-### 参数
+### 参数
日期时间：指定任务执行的日期时间。
-### 实例
+### 示例
-三天后的下午 5 点锺执行`/bin/ls`：
+三天后的下午 5 点钟执行`/bin/ls`：
```shell
[root@localhost ~]# at 5pm+3 days
@@ -60,10 +60,6 @@ job 8 at 2013-01-06 17:20
删除已经设置的任务：
```shell
-[root@localhost ~]# atq
-8 2013-01-06 17:20 a root
-7 2013-01-08 17:00 a root
-
[root@localhost ~]# atrm 7
[root@localhost ~]# atq
8 2013-01-06 17:20 a root
@@ -80,5 +76,28 @@ umask 22此处省略n个字符
date >/root/2013.log
```
+使用任务文件执行任务：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# echo "/bin/ls" > mytask.txt
+[root@localhost ~]# at -f mytask.txt 5pm+3 days
+job 9 at 2013-01-08 17:00
+```
+
+指定任务队列执行任务：
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# at -q b 5pm+3 days
+at> /bin/ls
+at>
+job 10 at 2013-01-08 17:00
+```
+任务执行完成后发送E-mail通知：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# at -m 5pm+3 days
+at> /bin/ls
+at>
+job 11 at 2013-01-08 17:00
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/command/atop.md b/command/atop.md
index a33cf5ab340..ca04cc49b93 100644
--- a/command/atop.md
+++ b/command/atop.md
@@ -5,26 +5,32 @@ atop
## 补充说明
-[非内部程序，需要安装]它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态，所采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况，并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中，服务器出现问题后，我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件，我们可以从这里获得其[源码](https://github.com/Atoptool/atop)和[rpm安装包](https://pkgs.org/download/atop)。
+**atop命令** 是一款开源的系统监控工具，它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态，采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况，并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中。服务器出现问题后，我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件，我们可以从这里获得其[源码](https://github.com/Atoptool/atop)和[rpm安装包](https://pkgs.org/download/atop)。
## 语法
```shell
-atop(选项)(参数)
+atop [选项] [参数]
```
## 说明
-**ATOP列**：该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点
+### ATOP列
-**PRC列**：该列显示进程整体运行情况
+该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点。
+
+### PRC列
+
+该列显示进程整体运行情况：
- sys、usr字段分别指示进程在内核态和用户态的运行时间
-- #proc字段指示进程总数
-- #zombie字段指示僵尸进程的数量
-- #exit字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量
+- `#proc` 字段指示进程总数
+- `#zombie` 字段指示僵尸进程的数量
+- `#exit` 字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量
+
+### CPU列
-**CPU列**：该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况，我们知道CPU可被用于执行进程、处理中断，也可处于空闲状态(空闲状态分两种，一种是活动进程等待磁盘IO导致CPU空闲，另一种是完全空闲)
+该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况：
- sys、usr字段指示CPU被用于处理进程时，进程在内核态、用户态所占CPU的时间比例
- irq字段指示CPU被用于处理中断的时间比例
@@ -33,15 +39,21 @@ atop(选项)(参数)
CPU列各个字段指示值相加结果为N00%，其中N为cpu核数。
-cpu列：该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU列，各字段值相加结果为100%
+### cpu列
-**CPL列**：该列显示CPU负载情况
+该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU列，各字段值相加结果为100%。
+
+### CPL列
+
+该列显示CPU负载情况：
- avg1、avg5和avg15字段：过去1分钟、5分钟和15分钟内运行队列中的平均进程数量
- csw字段指示上下文交换次数
- intr字段指示中断发生次数
-**MEM列**：该列指示内存的使用情况
+### MEM列
+
+该列指示内存的使用情况：
- tot字段指示物理内存总量
- free字段指示空闲内存的大小
@@ -49,43 +61,49 @@ cpu列：该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU
- buff字段指示用于文件缓存的内存大小
- slab字段指示系统内核占用的内存大小
-**SWP列**：该列指示交换空间的使用情况
+### SWP列
+
+该列指示交换空间的使用情况：
- tot字段指示交换区总量
- free字段指示空闲交换空间大小
-**PAG列**：该列指示虚拟内存分页情况
+### PAG列
+
+该列指示虚拟内存分页情况：
+
+- swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数
-swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数
+### DSK列
-**DSK列**：该列指示磁盘使用情况，每一个磁盘设备对应一列，如果有sdb设备，那么增多一列DSK信息
+该列指示磁盘使用情况，每一个磁盘设备对应一列，如果有sdb设备，那么增多一列DSK信息：
- sda字段：磁盘设备标识
- busy字段：磁盘忙时比例
- read、write字段：读、写请求数量
-**NET列**：多列NET展示了网络状况，包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息
+### NET列
-- XXXi 字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目
-- XXXo 字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目
+多列NET展示了网络状况，包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息：
-## atop日志
+- XXXi字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目
+- XXXo字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目
-每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件，我们可以使用"atop -r XXX"命令对日志文件进行查看。那以什么形式保存atop日志文件呢？
+## atop日志
-对于atop日志文件的保存方式，我们可以这样：
+每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件，我们可以使用`atop -r XXX`命令对日志文件进行查看。日志文件的保存方式如下：
- 每天保存一个atop日志文件，该日志文件记录当天信息
-- 日志文件以"atop_YYYYMMDD"的方式命名
+- 日志文件以`atop_YYYYMMDD`的方式命名
- 设定日志失效期限，自动删除一段时间前的日志文件
-其实atop开发者已经提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的atop.daily脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在atop.daily脚本中，我们可以通过修改INTERVAL变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟)；通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天)：
+atop开发者提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的`atop.daily`脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在`atop.daily`脚本中，我们可以通过修改`INTERVAL`变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟)；通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天)：
```shell
(sleep 3; find $LOGPATH -name 'atop_*' -mtime +28 -exec rm {} \; )&
```
-最后，我们修改cron文件，每天凌晨执行atop.daily脚本：
+最后，我们修改cron文件，每天凌晨执行`atop.daily`脚本：
```shell
0 0 * * * root /etc/cron.daily/atop.daily
diff --git a/command/atq.md b/command/atq.md
index ae1ad20ddd5..5fd86e76812 100644
--- a/command/atq.md
+++ b/command/atq.md
@@ -7,30 +7,56 @@ atq
**atq命令** 显示系统中待执行的任务列表，也就是列出当前用户的at任务列表。
-### 语法
+### 语法
```shell
atq [-V] [-q 队列] [-v]
```
-### 选项
+### 选项
```shell
-V：显示版本号；
-q：查询指定队列的任务。
```
-### 实例
+### 示例
+
+创建一个在10分钟后执行的任务，并列出当前用户的任务列表：
```shell
-at now + 10 minutes
+[root@localhost ~]# at now + 10 minutes
at> echo 1111
-at>
+at>
job 3 at Fri Apr 26 12:56:00 2013
+```
-atq
+使用`atq`命令查看当前用户的任务列表：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# atq
3 Fri Apr 26 12:56:00 2013 a root
```
+查询指定队列的任务：
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# at -q a now + 10 minutes
+at> echo "Task in queue a"
+at>
+job 4 at Fri Apr 26 13:06:00 2013
+```
+使用`atq`命令查看队列`a`中的任务：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# atq -q a
+4 Fri Apr 26 13:06:00 2013 a root
+```
+
+显示`atq`命令的版本号：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# atq -V
+atq (GNU at) 3.1.20
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/command/column.md b/command/column.md
index 62e30329471..c93c184692b 100644
--- a/command/column.md
+++ b/command/column.md
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ file（可选），当没有指定文件时，默认会从标准输入读取，
-s, --separator 指定识别表格的分隔符
-o, --output-separator 输出表格的列分隔符，默认为两个空格
-x, --fillrows 在列之前填充行
+-N, --table-columns 添加列名（逗号分隔）
+-J --json 格式化为JSON输出（需要配合-N/--table-columns使用）
-h, --help 显示此帮助
-V, --version 输出版本信息
```
@@ -121,3 +123,54 @@ MemReq Metal3 pin 108.215 159.92
RdWrBar Metal3 pin 87.415 159.92
clock Metal3 pin 74.935 159.92
```
+
+- 添加列名并以JSON格式输出
+
+```shell
+$ column -J -s ":" -N "Username,Password,UID,GID,Gecos,HomeDirectory,Shell" /etc/passwd
+{
+ "table": [
+ {
+ "username": "root",
+ "password": "x",
+ "uid": "0",
+ "gid": "0",
+ "gecos": "root",
+ "homedirectory": "/root",
+ "shell": "/bin/bash"
+ },{
+ "username": "daemon",
+ "password": "x",
+ "uid": "1",
+ "gid": "1",
+ "gecos": "daemon",
+ "homedirectory": "/usr/sbin",
+ "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin"
+ },{
+ "username": "bin",
+ "password": "x",
+ "uid": "2",
+ "gid": "2",
+ "gecos": "bin",
+ "homedirectory": "/bin",
+ "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin"
+ },{
+ "username": "sys",
+ "password": "x",
+ "uid": "3",
+ "gid": "3",
+ "gecos": "sys",
+ "homedirectory": "/dev",
+ "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin"
+ },{
+ "username": "sync",
+ "password": "x",
+ "uid": "4",
+ "gid": "65534",
+ "gecos": "sync",
+ "homedirectory": "/bin",
+ "shell": "/bin/sync"
+ }
+ ]
+}
+```
diff --git a/command/getcap.md b/command/getcap.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f57f464b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/getcap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+getcap
+===
+
+显示文件的能力（capabilities）
+
+## 补充说明
+
+**getcap命令** 用于查看文件的能力（capabilities）。在 Linux 中，文件的能力是一种权限控制机制，可以赋予普通文件特定的特权操作，而无需完全的 root 权限。
+
+### 语法
+
+```shell
+getcap [选项] [文件名...]
+```
+
+### 选项
+
+```shell
+-v # 显示详细信息，通常与其他选项一起使用。
+-p # 显示进程的能力。
+```
+
+### 参数
+
+文件名：指定要查看能力的文件路径。
+
+### 实例
+
+查看一个可执行文件的能力：
+
+```shell
+$ getcap /usr/bin/ping
+/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep
+```
+
+查看当前目录下所有文件的能力：
+
+```shell
+$ getcap *
+/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep
+```
+
+如果文件没有设置任何能力，getcap 不会返回任何输出。
+
+查看进程的能力（以 PID 为例）：
+
+```shell
+$ getcap -p 1234
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/command/getfacl.md b/command/getfacl.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fbfb5271ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/getfacl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+getfacl
+===
+
+获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists)
+
+## 补充说明
+
+对于每个文件，`getfacl`都会显示文件名、所有者、组和访问控制列表 (ACL)。如果目录有默认ACL，`getfacl` 也会显示默认ACL。非目录不能有默认ACL。
+如果在不支持 ACL 的文件系统上使用`getfacl`，`getfacl`会显示由传统文件模式权限位定义的访问权限。请参考`setfacl`。
+
+### 选项
+
+```shell
+-a, --access # 显示文件访问控制列表。
+-d, --default # 显示默认访问控制列表。
+-c, --omit-header # 不显示注释头（每个文件输出的前三行）。
+-e, --all-effective # 打印所有有效权限注释，即使与 ACL 条目定义的权限相同。
+-E, --no-effective # 不打印有效权限注释。
+-s, --skip-base # 跳过只有基本 ACL 条目（所有者、组、其他）的文件。
+-R, --recursive # 递归列出所有文件和目录的 ACL。
+-L, --logical # 逻辑路径，跟踪目录的符号链接。默认行为是跟踪符号链接参数，跳过子目录中遇到的符号链接。仅与 -R 结合使用时有效。
+-P, --physical # 物理路径，不跟踪指向目录的符号链接。这也会跳过符号链接参数。 仅与 -R 结合使用时有效。
+-t, --tabular # 使用另一种表格输出格式。同时显示 ACL 和默认 ACL。因 ACL 屏蔽条目而无效的权限会以大写。ACL_USER_OBJ 和 ACL_GROUP_OBJ 条目的条目标签名称也以大写字母显示，这有助于识别这些条目。
+-p, --absolute-names # 不删除前导斜线字符 (`/')。默认行为是去掉前导斜线字符。
+-n, --numeric # 列出数字用户和组 ID。
+-v, --version # 打印 getfacl 的版本并退出。
+-h, --help # 打印命令行选项的帮助说明。
+-- # 命令行选项结束。所有剩余参数都被解释为文件名，即使它们以破折号字符开头。
+- # 如果文件名参数是单破折号字符，getfacl 将从标准输入读取文件列表。
+```
+
+### 实例
+
+getfacl 命令默认显示文件访问控制列表。打开终端，并输入以下命令：
+
+```shell
+getfacl tmp
+
+# file: tmp
+# owner: zdx
+# group: zdx
+# flags: -s-
+user::rwx
+group::rwx
+other::r-x
+default:user::rwx
+default:group::rwx
+default:other::r-x
+```
diff --git a/command/git.md b/command/git.md
index 2c7ea45b20a..7295ee20e29 100644
--- a/command/git.md
+++ b/command/git.md
@@ -63,25 +63,35 @@ tag 创建，列出，删除或验证使用GPG签名的标签对象
init
-`git init` #初始化
+```shell
+git init # 初始化
+```
status
-`git status` #获取状态
+```shell
+git status # 获取状态
+```
add
-`git add file` # .或*代表全部添加
-`git rm --cached ` # 在commit之前撤销git add操作
-`git reset head` # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便
+```shell
+git add file # .或*代表全部添加
+git rm --cached # 在commit之前撤销git add操作
+git reset head # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便
+```
commit
-`git commit -m "message"` #此处注意乱码
+```shell
+git commit -m "message" # 此处注意乱码
+```
remote
-`git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git` #添加源
+```shell
+git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git # 添加源
+```
push
@@ -93,9 +103,11 @@ git push -f origin master # 强制推送文件，缩写 -f（全写--force）
clone
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git`
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro` #克隆到自定义文件夹
-`git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/` #SSH协议还有另一种写法。
+```shell
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro # 克隆到自定义文件夹
+git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/ # SSH协议还有另一种写法。
+```
git clone支持多种协议，除了HTTP(s)以外，还支持SSH、Git、本地文件协议等，下面是一些例子。`git clone <版本库的网址> <本地目录名>`
@@ -156,7 +168,9 @@ ssh -T git@github.com # 测试是否成功
**3.修改config文件**
-`vim ~/.ssh/config` #修改config文件，如果没有创建 `config`
+```shell
+vim ~/.ssh/config # 修改config文件，如果没有创建 `config`
+```
```shell
Host jslite.github.com
@@ -269,7 +283,9 @@ usage: git remote set-url [--push] []
or: git remote set-url --delete
```
-`git remote set-url --delete origin https://oschina.net/wang/JSLite.js.git`
+```shell
+git remote set-url --delete origin https://oschina.net/wang/JSLite.js.git
+```
**3.推送代码**
@@ -634,25 +650,35 @@ git config --global core.quotepath false
### init
-`git init` #初始化
+```shell
+git init # 初始化
+```
### status
-`git status` #获取状态
+```shell
+git status # 获取状态
+```
### add
-`git add file` # .或*代表全部添加
-`git rm --cached ` # 在commit之前撤销git add操作
-`git reset head` # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便
+```shell
+git add file # .或*代表全部添加
+git rm --cached # 在commit之前撤销git add操作
+git reset head # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便
+```
### commit
-`git commit -m "message"` #此处注意乱码
+```shell
+git commit -m "message" # 此处注意乱码
+```
### remote
-`git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git` #添加源
+```shell
+git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git # 添加源
+```
### push
@@ -664,9 +690,11 @@ git push -f origin master # 强制推送文件，缩写 -f（全写--force）
## clone
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git`
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro` #克隆到自定义文件夹
-`git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/` #SSH协议还有另一种写法。
+```shell
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro # 克隆到自定义文件夹
+git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/ # SSH协议还有另一种写法。
+```
git clone支持多种协议，除了HTTP(s)以外，还支持SSH、Git、本地文件协议等，下面是一些例子。`git clone <版本库的网址> <本地目录名>`
@@ -817,7 +845,9 @@ git push -u origin branchName # 提交分支到远程origin主机中
### 拉取
-`git fetch -p` #拉取远程分支时，自动清理 远程分支已删除，本地还存在的对应同名分支。
+```shell
+git fetch -p # 拉取远程分支时，自动清理 远程分支已删除，本地还存在的对应同名分支。
+```
### 分支合并
@@ -830,7 +860,9 @@ git merge test # 将test分支合并到当前分支
### 重命名
-`git branch -m old new` #重命名分支
+```shell
+git branch -m old new # 重命名分支
+```
### 查看
diff --git a/command/losetup.md b/command/losetup.md
index 237436c97df..bedaea698b2 100644
--- a/command/losetup.md
+++ b/command/losetup.md
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ losetup [ -d ] loop_device
dd if=/dev/zero of=floppy.img bs=512 count=2880
```
-使用 losetup将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成快设备：
+使用 losetup 将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成块设备：
```shell
losetup /dev/loop1 floppy.img
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ losetup /dev/loop1 floppy.img
mount /dev/loop0 /tmp
```
-经过上面的三步之后，我们就可以通过/tmp目录，像访问真实快设备一样来访问磁盘镜像文件floppy.img。
+经过上面的三步之后，我们就可以通过/tmp目录，像访问真实块设备一样来访问磁盘镜像文件floppy.img。
卸载loop设备：
diff --git a/command/bmodinfo.md b/command/modinfo.md
similarity index 90%
rename from command/bmodinfo.md
rename to command/modinfo.md
index dd59ab7b999..ae0ab2e1ea5 100644
--- a/command/bmodinfo.md
+++ b/command/modinfo.md
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-bmodinfo
+modinfo
===
显示给定模块的详细信息
## 补充说明
-**bmodinfo命令** 用于显示给定模块的详细信息。
+**modinfo命令** 用于显示给定模块的详细信息。
### 语法
```shell
-bmodinfo(选项)(参数)
+modinfo(选项)(参数)
```
### 选项
diff --git a/command/named-checkzone.md b/command/named-checkzone.md
index ee0e9a53df8..fae559de49d 100644
--- a/command/named-checkzone.md
+++ b/command/named-checkzone.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
named-checkzone
===
-使用named-checkzone命令可以进行区域文件有效性检查和转换，必须指定区域名称和区域文件名称
+使用 named-checkzone 可验证并转换区域文件，需指定区域名和文件名。
## 补充说明
diff --git a/command/nmap.md b/command/nmap.md
index 8063525d0eb..62f5802de2b 100644
--- a/command/nmap.md
+++ b/command/nmap.md
@@ -54,20 +54,29 @@ ip地址：指定待扫描报文中的TCP地址。
yum install nmap
```
- **使用nmap扫描www.jsdig.com的开放端口**
+ **使用nmap扫描scanme.nmap.org的开放端口**
```shell
-[root@localhost ~]# nmap www.jsdig.com
-
-Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-12-28 00:06 CST
-Interesting ports on 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8):
-Not shown: 1678 filtered ports
-PORT STATE service
-22/tcp open ssh
-80/tcp open http
-
-Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 45.870 seconds
+[root@localhost ~]# nmap scanme.nmap.org
+
+Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025-08-06 15:22 CST
+Nmap scan report for scanme.nmap.org (45.33.32.156)
+Host is up (0.37s latency).
+Not shown: 991 closed tcp ports (reset)
+PORT STATE SERVICE
+22/tcp open ssh
+80/tcp open http
+135/tcp filtered msrpc
+139/tcp filtered netbios-ssn
+445/tcp filtered microsoft-ds
+593/tcp filtered http-rpc-epmap
+4444/tcp filtered krb524
+9929/tcp open nping-echo
+31337/tcp open Elite
+
+Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 60.36 seconds
```
+
diff --git a/command/nohup.md b/command/nohup.md
index 6a60c8f9a39..e0ee09d8efb 100644
--- a/command/nohup.md
+++ b/command/nohup.md
@@ -9,23 +9,24 @@ nohup
无论是否将 nohup 命令的输出重定向到终端，输出都将附加到当前目录的 nohup.out 文件中。如果当前目录的 nohup.out 文件不可写，输出重定向到`$HOME/nohup.out`文件中。如果没有文件能创建或打开以用于追加，那么 command 参数指定的命令不可调用。如果标准错误是一个终端，那么把指定的命令写给标准错误的所有输出作为标准输出重定向到相同的文件描述符。
-### 语法
+### 语法
+```shell
nohup(选项)(参数)
+```
-### 选项
+### 选项
```shell
--help：在线帮助；
--version：显示版本信息。
```
-### 参数
+### 参数
程序及选项：要运行的程序及选项。
-### 实例
-
+### 实例
使用nohup命令提交作业，如果使用nohup命令提交作业，那么在缺省情况下该作业的所有输出都被重定向到一个名为nohup.out的文件中，除非另外指定了输出文件：
@@ -47,4 +48,38 @@ nohup wget site.com/file.zip
nohup ping -c 10 baidu.com
```
+最简单的后台运行
+
+```shell
+nohup command &
+```
+
+输出默认重定向到当前目录下 nohup.out 文件
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py &
+```
+
+自定义输出文件(标准输出和错误输出合并到 main.log)
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py >> main.log 2>&1 &
+```
+
+与上一个例子相同作用的简写方法
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py &> main.log &
+```
+
+不记录输出信息
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py &> /dev/null &
+```
+
+不记录输出信息并将程序的进程号写入 pidfile.txt 文件中，方便后续杀死进程
+```shell
+nohup python main.py &> /dev/null & echo $! > pidfile.txt
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/command/nstat.md b/command/nstat.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45d0c42cd7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/nstat.md
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+nstat
+===
+
+nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。
+
+## 补充说明
+
+大多数命令行用户都熟悉 netstat ，这是 net-tools 软件包中的命令。目前新版本中 net-tools 软件包几乎完全被弃用，取而代之的是 ip 命令套件，而 nstat 属于新软件包。
+
+### 语法
+
+```s
+nstat [OPTION] [ PATTERN [ PATTERN ] ]
+```
+
+### 选项
+
+```shell
+-h：显示帮助信息；
+-V：显示指令版本信息；
+-z：转储零计数器。默认情况下不显示它们；
+-r：清零历史统计；
+-n：不显示任何内容，仅更新历史；
+-a：显示计数器的绝对值；
+-d：以守护进程模式运行并收集统计数据
+-s：不更新历史；
+-j：JSON格式输出。
+```
+
+### 实例
+
+直接输入以查询网络接口状态，以下展示了 IPv4，IPv6，TCP，UDP，ICMP 的统计数据：
+
+```shell
+nstat
+#kernel
+IpInReceives 769152 0.0
+IpInAddrErrors 1 0.0
+IpInDelivers 769146 0.0
+IpOutRequests 764236 0.0
+IpOutDiscards 20 0.0
+IpOutNoRoutes 1 0.0
+IcmpInMsgs 92 0.0
+IcmpInDestUnreachs 92 0.0
+IcmpOutMsgs 94 0.0
+IcmpOutDestUnreachs 94 0.0
+IcmpMsgInType3 92 0.0
+IcmpMsgOutType3 94 0.0
+TcpActiveOpens 1786 0.0
+TcpPassiveOpens 142 0.0
+TcpAttemptFails 11 0.0
+TcpEstabResets 72 0.0
+TcpInSegs 756827 0.0
+TcpOutSegs 802908 0.0
+TcpRetransSegs 767 0.0
+TcpOutRsts 702 0.0
+UdpInDatagrams 12075 0.0
+UdpNoPorts 82 0.0
+UdpOutDatagrams 7045 0.0
+UdpIgnoredMulti 70 0.0
+Ip6InReceives 5005 0.0
+Ip6InDelivers 5005 0.0
+Ip6OutRequests 131 0.0
+Ip6OutDiscards 2 0.0
+Ip6OutNoRoutes 959 0.0
+Ip6InMcastPkts 4999 0.0
+Ip6OutMcastPkts 125 0.0
+Ip6InOctets 797462 0.0
+Ip6OutOctets 16421 0.0
+Ip6InMcastOctets 797030 0.0
+Ip6OutMcastOctets 15949 0.0
+Ip6InNoECTPkts 5005 0.0
+Icmp6InMsgs 3 0.0
+Icmp6OutMsgs 51 0.0
+Icmp6InNeighborAdvertisements 1 0.0
+Icmp6InMLDv2Reports 2 0.0
+Icmp6OutRouterSolicits 11 0.0
+Icmp6OutNeighborSolicits 4 0.0
+Icmp6OutMLDv2Reports 36 0.0
+Icmp6InType136 1 0.0
+Icmp6InType143 2 0.0
+Icmp6OutType133 11 0.0
+Icmp6OutType135 4 0.0
+Icmp6OutType143 36 0.0
+Udp6InDatagrams 4998 0.0
+Udp6OutDatagrams 76 0.0
+TcpExtTW 385 0.0
+TcpExtPAWSEstab 1 0.0
+TcpExtDelayedACKs 37133 0.0
+TcpExtDelayedACKLocked 57 0.0
+TcpExtDelayedACKLost 456 0.0
+TcpExtTCPHPHits 417717 0.0
+TcpExtTCPPureAcks 34186 0.0
+TcpExtTCPHPAcks 222980 0.0
+TcpExtTCPSACKReorder 1 0.0
+TcpExtTCPLossUndo 194 0.0
+TcpExtTCPLostRetransmit 169 0.0
+TcpExtTCPSlowStartRetrans 1 0.0
+TcpExtTCPTimeouts 494 0.0
+TcpExtTCPLossProbes 309 0.0
+TcpExtTCPBacklogCoalesce 571 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKOldSent 281 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKRecv 281 0.0
+TcpExtTCPAbortOnData 13 0.0
+TcpExtTCPAbortOnClose 30 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKIgnoredOld 1 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo 258 0.0
+TcpExtTCPSackShiftFallback 1 0.0
+TcpExtTCPRcvCoalesce 18314 0.0
+TcpExtTCPFastOpenActiveFail 2 0.0
+TcpExtTCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues 11 0.0
+TcpExtTCPAutoCorking 1684 0.0
+TcpExtTCPFromZeroWindowAdv 2 0.0
+TcpExtTCPToZeroWindowAdv 2 0.0
+TcpExtTCPSynRetrans 479 0.0
+TcpExtTCPOrigDataSent 359814 0.0
+TcpExtTCPHystartTrainDetect 13 0.0
+TcpExtTCPHystartTrainCwnd 550 0.0
+TcpExtTCPKeepAlive 18 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDelivered 361695 0.0
+TcpExtTCPZeroWindowDrop 1 0.0
+TcpExtTcpTimeoutRehash 494 0.0
+TcpExtTcpDuplicateDataRehash 2 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKRecvSegs 281 0.0
+IpExtInNoRoutes 3 0.0
+IpExtInMcastPkts 5392 0.0
+IpExtOutMcastPkts 221 0.0
+IpExtInBcastPkts 70 0.0
+IpExtOutBcastPkts 10 0.0
+IpExtInOctets 2100280442 0.0
+IpExtOutOctets 226760631 0.0
+IpExtInMcastOctets 746608 0.0
+IpExtOutMcastOctets 27565 0.0
+IpExtInBcastOctets 5674 0.0
+IpExtOutBcastOctets 778 0.0
+IpExtInNoECTPkts 1885871 0.0
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/command/pacman.md b/command/pacman.md
index 83b953f2954..60ce0307a04 100644
--- a/command/pacman.md
+++ b/command/pacman.md
@@ -10,15 +10,20 @@ Arch Linux 系统及其衍生系统中默认使用的包管理器
## 实例
### 安装软件包
-
+官方软件包
```bash
pacman -S p7zip
```
-也可以安装一个软件包组
+非官方软件包（用户制作）
+```bash
+yay -S package_name1 package_name2 ...
+```
+
+### 查询软件包
```bash
-pacman -S gnome
+pacman -Ss package_name1 package_name2 ...
```
### 列出所有软件包
diff --git a/command/sosreport.md b/command/sosreport.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..729c86222bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/sosreport.md
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+sosreport
+===
+
+收集系统配置和诊断信息
+
+## 补充说明
+
+**sosreport命令** 是一个配置和数据收集实用程序，用于收集系统配置、日志文件和诊断信息，以便进行故障排除和分析。它将信息打包到一个压缩的tar文件中，便于传输和分析。sosreport是Red Hat Enterprise Linux系统中用于技术支持的标准工具。
+
+### 语法
+
+```shell
+sosreport [选项]
+```
+
+### 选项
+
+```shell
+-l, --list-plugins # 列出所有可用的插件
+-n, --skip-plugins # 跳过指定的插件（多个插件用逗号分隔）
+-e, --enable-plugins # 启用指定的插件（多个插件用逗号分隔）
+-o, --only-plugins # 只运行指定的插件（多个插件用逗号分隔）
+-a, --alloptions # 启用所有插件选项
+-v, --verbose # 详细输出模式
+-q, --quiet # 静默模式，减少输出
+--batch # 批处理模式，不提示用户输入
+--build # 收集系统构建信息
+--case-id=CASE_ID # 指定案例ID
+--config-file=CONFIG # 指定配置文件路径
+--debug # 调试模式
+--experimental # 启用实验性插件
+--log-size=SIZE # 限制日志文件大小（MB）
+--plugin-timeout=TIMEOUT # 插件超时时间（秒）
+--since=DATE # 从指定日期开始收集日志
+--tmp-dir=DIR # 指定临时目录
+--verify # 验证归档的完整性
+-z, --compression-type # 指定压缩类型（gzip, bzip2, xz）
+```
+
+### 常用选项
+
+```shell
+-a # 启用所有插件选项，收集最全面的信息
+-v # 详细模式，显示收集过程
+-q # 静默模式，最小化输出
+--batch # 批处理模式，不需要用户交互
+```
+
+### 实例
+
+收集系统诊断信息：
+
+```shell
+sosreport
+```
+
+批处理模式收集信息（无需用户交互）：
+
+```shell
+sosreport --batch
+```
+
+详细模式收集信息：
+
+```shell
+sosreport -v
+```
+
+启用所有插件选项收集完整信息：
+
+```shell
+sosreport -a
+```
+
+只收集网络相关信息：
+
+```shell
+sosreport -o network
+```
+
+跳过某些插件：
+
+```shell
+sosreport -n rpm,yum
+```
+
+收集指定日期之后的日志：
+
+```shell
+sosreport --since="2023-01-01"
+```
+
+指定案例ID和批处理模式：
+
+```shell
+sosreport --batch --case-id=12345678
+```
+
+列出所有可用插件：
+
+```shell
+sosreport -l
+```
+
+收集系统信息并限制日志文件大小：
+
+```shell
+sosreport --log-size=100
+```
+
+使用不同的压缩类型：
+
+```shell
+sosreport -z xz
+```
+
+### 常见插件
+
+```shell
+block # 块设备信息
+boot # 启动相关信息
+kernel # 内核信息
+logs # 系统日志
+memory # 内存信息
+network # 网络配置
+networking # 网络诊断
+process # 进程信息
+processor # CPU信息
+rpm # RPM包信息
+system # 系统配置
+yum # YUM包管理器信息
+```
+
+### 输出文件
+
+sosreport会在`/var/tmp/`目录下生成一个压缩的tar文件，文件名格式为：
+```
+sosreport---.tar.xz
+```
+
+### 注意事项
+
+- sosreport需要root权限运行
+- 收集的信息可能包含敏感数据，传输前请确认安全性
+- 生成的文件可能较大，请确保有足够的磁盘空间
+- 默认情况下，敏感信息（如密码、密钥）会被混淆处理
diff --git a/command/touch.md b/command/touch.md
index 37a1a698718..384efbff5e5 100644
--- a/command/touch.md
+++ b/command/touch.md
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ touch(选项)(参数)
-c：或--no-create 不建立任何文件；
-d：<时间日期> 使用指定的日期时间，而非现在的时间；
-f：此参数将忽略不予处理，仅负责解决BSD版本touch指令的兼容性问题；
--m：或--time=mtime或--time=modify 只更该变动时间；
+-m：或--time=mtime或--time=modify 只更改变动时间；
-r：<参考文件或目录> 把指定文件或目录的日期时间，统统设成和参考文件或目录的日期时间相同；
-t：<日期时间> 使用指定的日期时间，而非现在的时间；
--help：在线帮助；
diff --git a/command/ufw.md b/command/ufw.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43ce91a1289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/ufw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+ufw
+===
+
+ubuntu防火墙管理工具
+
+## 概要
+
+```shell
+sudo ufw [选项] [规则/命令]
+```
+
+## 用途
+
+- 管理Ubuntu系统防火墙规则，简化`iptables`操作。
+- 启用或禁用防火墙，查看当前防火墙状态。
+- 快速配置允许/拒绝端口、服务或特定IP的访问。
+
+## 参数
+
+### 常用操作命令
+
+- `enable`: 启用防火墙并设置开机自启。
+- `disable`: 关闭防火墙。
+- `reload`: 重新加载防火墙规则（不中断现有连接）。
+- `reset`: 重置所有规则到初始状态。
+- `allow `: 允许指定规则（如端口、服务）。
+- `deny `: 拒绝指定规则。
+- `status`: 显示防火墙状态和规则列表。
+
+### 规则格式
+
+- ``: 端口号（如 `22`、`80/tcp`）。
+- ``: 协议类型（`tcp` 或 `udp`）。
+- `comment `: 为规则添加注释（需配合 `allow`/`deny` 使用）。
+
+### 选项
+
+- `--dry-run`: 仅显示规则变更，不实际应用。
+
+------
+
+## 返回值
+
+- 成功执行返回 `0`。
+- 错误或无效参数返回非零值。
+
+------
+
+## 示例
+
+### 基础操作
+
+```
+# 启用防火墙
+sudo ufw enable
+
+# 关闭防火墙
+sudo ufw disable
+
+# 查看防火墙状态
+sudo ufw status
+```
+
+### 规则配置
+
+```
+# 允许SSH默认端口（22/tcp）
+sudo ufw allow ssh
+
+# 允许TCP协议的8080端口并添加注释
+sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp comment "Web Server"
+
+# 拒绝来自192.168.1.5的访问
+sudo ufw deny from 192.168.1.5
+
+# 拒绝UDP协议的53端口
+sudo ufw deny 53/udp
+```
+
+### 高级操作
+
+```
+# 显示带编号的规则列表（便于删除）
+sudo ufw status numbered
+
+# 删除第3条规则
+sudo ufw delete 3
+
+# 重置所有规则
+sudo ufw reset
+```
+
+------
+
+## 注意
+
+1. **权限要求**：需使用 `sudo` 执行命令。
+2. **默认策略**：首次启用时默认阻止所有入站流量，允许所有出站流量。
+3. **规则优先级**：
+ 规则按顺序匹配，先拒绝后允许可能导致冲突
+4. **日志记录**：
+ 可通过 `sudo ufw logging on` 启用日志，日志路径为 `/var/log/ufw.log`
+5. **服务名称支持**：
+ 支持 `/etc/services` 中定义的服务名（如 `http`、`ssh`）
diff --git a/command/vi.md b/command/vi.md
index 63ce4a16539..6f78d225eab 100644
--- a/command/vi.md
+++ b/command/vi.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ nyy：将当前行及其下n行的内容保存到寄存器？中，其中？为
p：粘贴文本操作，用于将缓存区的内容粘贴到当前光标所在位置的下方；
P：粘贴文本操作，用于将缓存区的内容粘贴到当前光标所在位置的上方；
/字符串：文本查找操作，用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件尾部查找指定字符串的内容，查找的字符串会被加亮显示；
-？字符串：文本查找操作，用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件头部查找指定字符串的内容，查找的字符串会被加亮显示；
+?字符串：文本查找操作，用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件头部查找指定字符串的内容，查找的字符串会被加亮显示；
a，bs/F/T：替换文本操作，用于在第a行到第b行之间，将F字符串换成T字符串。其中，“s/”表示进行替换操作；
a：在当前字符后添加文本；
A：在行末添加文本；
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ o：在当前行后面插入一空行；
O：在当前行前面插入一空行；
:wq：在命令模式下，执行存盘退出操作；
:w：在命令模式下，执行存盘操作；
-:w！：在命令模式下，执行强制存盘操作；
+:w!：在命令模式下，执行强制存盘操作；
:q：在命令模式下，执行退出vi操作；
-:q！：在命令模式下，执行强制退出vi操作；
+:q!：在命令模式下，执行强制退出vi操作；
:e文件名：在命令模式下，打开并编辑指定名称的文件；
:n：在命令模式下，如果同时打开多个文件，则继续编辑下一个文件；
:f：在命令模式下，用于显示当前的文件名、光标所在行的行号以及显示比例；
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ vi和ex编辑器的功能是相同的，二者的主要区别是用户界面。
则从文件第一行至文件末尾（$）将大写I全部替换成小写i。vi编辑器的三种工作方式之间的转换如图所示。
!vi
+【查看行号】
+在 vi 或 vim 编辑器中，按 Esc，然后输入：
+:set number
diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json
index 75eae0c05a3..831577c350e 100644
--- a/dist/data.json
+++ b/dist/data.json
@@ -184,11 +184,6 @@
"p": "/blockdev",
"d": "从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"
},
- "bmodinfo": {
- "n": "bmodinfo",
- "p": "/bmodinfo",
- "d": "显示给定模块的详细信息"
- },
"break": {
"n": "break",
"p": "/break",
@@ -869,6 +864,11 @@
"p": "/get_module",
"d": "获取Linux内核模块的详细信息"
},
+ "getcap": {
+ "n": "getcap",
+ "p": "/getcap",
+ "d": "显示文件的能力（capabilities）"
+ },
"getenforce": {
"n": "getenforce",
"p": "/getenforce",
@@ -879,6 +879,11 @@
"p": "/getent",
"d": "查询 DNS 名称服务器中的命名空间"
},
+ "getfacl": {
+ "n": "getfacl",
+ "p": "/getfacl",
+ "d": "获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists)"
+ },
"getsebool": {
"n": "getsebool",
"p": "/getsebool",
@@ -1132,7 +1137,7 @@
"iostat": {
"n": "iostat",
"p": "/iostat",
- "d": "iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。"
+ "d": "监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况"
},
"iotop": {
"n": "iotop",
@@ -1619,6 +1624,11 @@
"p": "/modetest",
"d": "DRM/KMS驱动程序libdrm中的模式测试工具"
},
+ "modinfo": {
+ "n": "modinfo",
+ "p": "/modinfo",
+ "d": "显示给定模块的详细信息"
+ },
"modprobe": {
"n": "modprobe",
"p": "/modprobe",
@@ -1682,7 +1692,7 @@
"named-checkzone": {
"n": "named-checkzone",
"p": "/named-checkzone",
- "d": "使用named-checkzone命令可以进行区域文件有效性检查和转换，必须指定区域名称和区域文件名称"
+ "d": "使用 named-checkzone 可验证并转换区域文件，需指定区域名和文件名。"
},
"nano": {
"n": "nano",
@@ -1779,6 +1789,11 @@
"p": "/nslookup",
"d": "查询域名DNS信息的工具"
},
+ "nstat": {
+ "n": "nstat",
+ "p": "/nstat",
+ "d": "nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。"
+ },
"ntpdate": {
"n": "ntpdate",
"p": "/ntpdate",
@@ -2384,6 +2399,11 @@
"p": "/sort",
"d": "对文本文件中所有行进行排序。"
},
+ "sosreport": {
+ "n": "sosreport",
+ "p": "/sosreport",
+ "d": "收集系统配置和诊断信息"
+ },
"source": {
"n": "source",
"p": "/source",
@@ -2689,6 +2709,11 @@
"p": "/type",
"d": "显示指定命令的类型。"
},
+ "ufw": {
+ "n": "ufw",
+ "p": "/ufw",
+ "d": " ubuntu防火墙管理工具"
+ },
"ulimit": {
"n": "ulimit",
"p": "/ulimit",
diff --git a/dist/data.min.json b/dist/data.min.json
index cb420adfeff..63b81302a1f 100644
--- a/dist/data.min.json
+++ b/dist/data.min.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"7z":{"n":"7z","p":"/7z","d":"拥有极高压缩比的开源压缩软件。"},"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"ag":{"n":"ag","p":"/ag","d":"ack 的升级版，C语言编写，更快更人性化"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"base64":{"n":"base64","p":"/base64","d":"base64 编码/解码文件或标准输入输出"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"将前台终端作业移动到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"bmodinfo":{"n":"bmodinfo","p":"/bmodinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"break":{"n":"break","p":"/break","d":"结束for，while或until循环。"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行bash内建命令。"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"可解压缩.bz2格式的压缩文件。 "},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"不解压，直接查看指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接多个文件并打印到标准输出。"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录。"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 RTC 时间"},"clockdiff":{"n":"clockdiff","p":"/clockdiff","d":"检测两台linux主机的时间差"},"cmp":{"n":"cmp","p":"/cmp","d":"比较两个文件是否有差异"},"col":{"n":"col","p":"/col","d":"过滤控制字符"},"colrm":{"n":"colrm","p":"/colrm","d":"删除文件中的指定列"},"column":{"n":"column","p":"/column","d":"按列格式化输出文件"},"comm":{"n":"comm","p":"/comm","d":"按行比较两个已排序的文件。"},"command":{"n":"command","p":"/command","d":"调用并执行指定的命令"},"compress":{"n":"compress","p":"/compress","d":"使用Lempress-Ziv编码压缩数据文件"},"consoletype":{"n":"consoletype","p":"/consoletype","d":"输出已连接的终端类型"},"continue":{"n":"continue","p":"/continue","d":"结束本次循环，继续执行下一个for，while或until循环。"},"convertquota":{"n":"convertquota","p":"/convertquota","d":"把老的配额文件转换为新的格式"},"cp":{"n":"cp","p":"/cp","d":"将源文件或目录复制到目标文件或目录中"},"cpio":{"n":"cpio","p":"/cpio","d":"用来建立、还原备份档的工具程序"},"createrepo":{"n":"createrepo","p":"/createrepo","d":"创建YUM仓库"},"crontab":{"n":"crontab","p":"/crontab","d":"提交和管理用户的需要周期性执行的任务"},"csplit":{"n":"csplit","p":"/csplit","d":"将一个大文件分割成小的碎片文件"},"cu":{"n":"cu","p":"/cu","d":"用于连接另一个系统主机"},"cupsdisable":{"n":"cupsdisable","p":"/cupsdisable","d":"停止指定的打印机"},"cupsenable":{"n":"cupsenable","p":"/cupsenable","d":"启动指定的打印机"},"curl":{"n":"curl","p":"/curl","d":"利用URL规则在命令行下工作的文件传输工具"},"cut":{"n":"cut","p":"/cut","d":"连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上"},"date":{"n":"date","p":"/date","d":"显示或设置系统时间与日期"},"dc":{"n":"dc","p":"/dc","d":"任意精度计算器"},"dd":{"n":"dd","p":"/dd","d":"复制文件并对原文件的内容进行转换和格式化处理"},"declare":{"n":"declare","p":"/declare","d":"声明变量，设置或显示变量的值和属性。"},"depmod":{"n":"depmod","p":"/depmod","d":"分析可载入模块的相依性"},"df":{"n":"df","p":"/df","d":"显示磁盘的相关信息"},"dhclient":{"n":"dhclient","p":"/dhclient","d":"动态获取或释放IP地址"},"dhcpd":{"n":"dhcpd","p":"/dhcpd","d":"运行DHCP服务器"},"dhcrelay":{"n":"dhcrelay","p":"/dhcrelay","d":"使用dhcrelay命令可以提供中继DHCP和BOOTP请求"},"diff":{"n":"diff","p":"/diff","d":"比较给定的两个文件的不同"},"diff3":{"n":"diff3","p":"/diff3","d":"比较3个文件不同的地方"},"diffstat":{"n":"diffstat","p":"/diffstat","d":"显示diff命令输出信息的柱状图"},"dig":{"n":"dig","p":"/dig","d":"域名查询工具"},"dircolors":{"n":"dircolors","p":"/dircolors","d":"置ls命令在显示目录或文件时所用的色彩"},"dirname":{"n":"dirname","p":"/dirname","d":"去除文件名中的非目录部分"},"dirs":{"n":"dirs","p":"/dirs","d":"显示目录堆栈。"},"disown":{"n":"disown","p":"/disown","d":"从当前的shell中移除作业。"},"dmesg":{"n":"dmesg","p":"/dmesg","d":"显示Linux系统启动信息"},"dmidecode":{"n":"dmidecode","p":"/dmidecode","d":"在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息"},"dnf":{"n":"dnf","p":"/dnf","d":"新一代的RPM软件包管理器"},"dnsdomainname":{"n":"dnsdomainname","p":"/dnsdomainname","d":"定义DNS系统中FQDN名称的域名"},"docker":{"n":"docker","p":"/docker","d":"容器化技术，可以将应用程序及其依赖项打包到一个可移植的容器中，使其可以在不同的环境中运行"},"domainname":{"n":"domainname","p":"/domainname","d":"显示和设置系统的NIS域名"},"dos2unix":{"n":"dos2unix","p":"/dos2unix","d":"将DOS格式文本文件转换成Unix格式"},"dpkg-deb":{"n":"dpkg-deb","p":"/dpkg-deb","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包管理工具"},"dpkg-divert":{"n":"dpkg-divert","p":"/dpkg-divert","d":"Debian Linux中创建并管理一个转向列表"},"dpkg-preconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-preconfigure","p":"/dpkg-preconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中软件包安装之前询问问题"},"dpkg-query":{"n":"dpkg-query","p":"/dpkg-query","d":"Debian Linux中软件包的查询工具"},"dpkg-reconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-reconfigure","p":"/dpkg-reconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中重新配制一个已经安装的软件包"},"dpkg-split":{"n":"dpkg-split","p":"/dpkg-split","d":"Debian Linux中将大软件包分割成小包"},"dpkg-statoverride":{"n":"dpkg-statoverride","p":"/dpkg-statoverride","d":"Debian Linux中覆盖文件的所有权和模式"},"dpkg-trigger":{"n":"dpkg-trigger","p":"/dpkg-trigger","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包触发器"},"dpkg":{"n":"dpkg","p":"/dpkg","d":"Debian Linux系统上安装、创建和管理软件包"},"dris":{"n":"dris","p":"/dris","d":"显示和清空目录堆栈中的内容"},"dstat":{"n":"dstat","p":"/dstat","d":"通用的系统资源统计工具"},"du":{"n":"du","p":"/du","d":"显示每个文件和目录的磁盘使用空间"},"dump":{"n":"dump","p":"/dump","d":"用于备份ext2或者ext3文件系统"},"e2fsck":{"n":"e2fsck","p":"/e2fsck","d":"用于检查第二扩展文件系统的完整性"},"e2label":{"n":"e2label","p":"/e2label","d":"设置第二扩展文件系统的卷标"},"echo":{"n":"echo","p":"/echo","d":"输出指定的字符串或者变量"},"ed":{"n":"ed","p":"/ed","d":"单行纯文本编辑器"},"edquota":{"n":"edquota","p":"/edquota","d":"用于编辑指定用户或工作组磁盘配额"},"egrep":{"n":"egrep","p":"/egrep","d":"在文件内查找指定的字符串"},"eject":{"n":"eject","p":"/eject","d":"用来退出抽取式设备"},"elinks":{"n":"elinks","p":"/elinks","d":"纯文本界面的WWW浏览器"},"elm":{"n":"elm","p":"/elm","d":"纯文本邮件客户端程序"},"emacs":{"n":"emacs","p":"/emacs","d":"功能强大的全屏文本编辑器"},"enable":{"n":"enable","p":"/enable","d":"启动或禁用shell内建命令"},"env":{"n":"env","p":"/env","d":"显示系统中已存在的环境变量"},"ethtool":{"n":"ethtool","p":"/ethtool","d":"显示或修改以太网卡的配置信息"},"ex":{"n":"ex","p":"/ex","d":"启动vim编辑器的ex编辑模式"},"exec":{"n":"exec","p":"/exec","d":"调用并执行指定的命令"},"exit":{"n":"exit","p":"/exit","d":"退出当前的shell。"},"expand":{"n":"expand","p":"/expand","d":"将文件的制表符转换为空白字符"},"export":{"n":"export","p":"/export","d":"为shell变量或函数设置导出属性。"},"exportfs":{"n":"exportfs","p":"/exportfs","d":"管理NFS共享文件系统列表"},"expr":{"n":"expr","p":"/expr","d":"一款表达式计算工具"},"false":{"n":"false","p":"/false","d":"返回状态为失败。"},"fc":{"n":"fc","p":"/fc","d":"显示历史列表中的命令或修改指定的历史命令并执行。"},"fdisk":{"n":"fdisk","p":"/fdisk","d":"查看磁盘使用情况和磁盘分区"},"fg":{"n":"fg","p":"/fg","d":"将后台作业移动到前台终端运行"},"fgrep":{"n":"fgrep","p":"/fgrep","d":"为文件搜索文字字符串"},"figlet":{"n":"figlet","p":"/figlet","d":"字符串转为 “字画符”。"},"file":{"n":"file","p":"/file","d":"用来探测给定文件的类型"},"find":{"n":"find","p":"/find","d":"在指定目录下查找文件"},"findfs":{"n":"findfs","p":"/findfs","d":"标签或UUID查找文件系统"},"finger":{"n":"finger","p":"/finger","d":"用于查找并显示用户信息"},"firewall-cmd":{"n":"firewall-cmd","p":"/firewall-cmd","d":"Linux上新用的防火墙软件，跟iptables差不多的工具"},"fishshell":{"n":"fishshell","p":"/fishshell","d":"比 bash 更好用的 shell"},"fmt":{"n":"fmt","p":"/fmt","d":"读取文件后优化处理并输出"},"fold":{"n":"fold","p":"/fold","d":"控制文件内容输出时所占用的屏幕宽度"},"fping":{"n":"fping","p":"/fping","d":"fping检测主机是否存在"},"free":{"n":"free","p":"/free","d":"显示内存的使用情况"},"fsck":{"n":"fsck","p":"/fsck","d":"fsck（英文全拼：file system check）命令检查并且试图修复文件系统中的错误"},"ftp":{"n":"ftp","p":"/ftp","d":"用来设置文件系统相关功能"},"ftpcount":{"n":"ftpcount","p":"/ftpcount","d":"显示目前已FTP登入的用户人数"},"ftpshut":{"n":"ftpshut","p":"/ftpshut","d":"在指定的时间关闭FTP服务器"},"ftptop":{"n":"ftptop","p":"/ftptop","d":"proftpd服务器的连接状态"},"ftpwho":{"n":"ftpwho","p":"/ftpwho","d":"显示当前每个ftp会话信息"},"fuser":{"n":"fuser","p":"/fuser","d":"使用文件或文件结构识别进程"},"gcc":{"n":"gcc","p":"/gcc","d":"基于C/C++的编译器"},"gcov":{"n":"gcov","p":"/gcov","d":"测试程序的代码覆盖率的工具"},"gdb":{"n":"gdb","p":"/gdb","d":"功能强大的程序调试器"},"get_module":{"n":"get_module","p":"/get_module","d":"获取Linux内核模块的详细信息"},"getenforce":{"n":"getenforce","p":"/getenforce","d":"显示当前SELinux的应用模式，是强制、执行还是停用"},"getent":{"n":"getent","p":"/getent","d":"查询 DNS 名称服务器中的命名空间"},"getsebool":{"n":"getsebool","p":"/getsebool","d":"查询SElinux策略内各项规则的布尔值"},"git":{"n":"git","p":"/git","d":"是目前世界上最先进的分布式版本控制系统"},"gpasswd":{"n":"gpasswd","p":"/gpasswd","d":"Linux下工作组文件的管理工具"},"gpg":{"n":"gpg","p":"/gpg","d":"可用于签名、检查、加密或解密的工具"},"gpm":{"n":"gpm","p":"/gpm","d":"提供文字模式下的滑鼠事件处理"},"grep":{"n":"grep","p":"/grep","d":"强大的文本搜索工具"},"groupadd":{"n":"groupadd","p":"/groupadd","d":"用于创建一个新的工作组"},"groupdel":{"n":"groupdel","p":"/groupdel","d":"用于删除指定的工作组"},"groupmems":{"n":"groupmems","p":"/groupmems","d":"管理用户主要组的成员"},"groupmod":{"n":"groupmod","p":"/groupmod","d":"更改群组识别码或名称"},"groups":{"n":"groups","p":"/groups","d":"打印指定用户所在组的名称。"},"grpck":{"n":"grpck","p":"/grpck","d":"用于验证组文件的完整性"},"grpconv":{"n":"grpconv","p":"/grpconv","d":"用来开启群组的投影密码"},"grpunconv":{"n":"grpunconv","p":"/grpunconv","d":"用来关闭群组的投影密码"},"grub":{"n":"grub","p":"/grub","d":"多重引导程序grub的命令行shell工具"},"grub2-mkconfig":{"n":"grub2-mkconfig","p":"/grub2-mkconfig","d":"生成 grub.cfg 配置文件。"},"grub2-set-default":{"n":"grub2-set-default","p":"/grub2-set-default","d":"设置系统默认的启动内核"},"gunzip":{"n":"gunzip","p":"/gunzip","d":"用来解压缩文件"},"gzexe":{"n":"gzexe","p":"/gzexe","d":"用来压缩可执行文件"},"gzip":{"n":"gzip","p":"/gzip","d":"用来压缩文件"},"halt":{"n":"halt","p":"/halt","d":"关闭正在运行的Linux操作系统"},"hcitool":{"n":"hcitool","p":"/hcitool","d":"hcitool是一个Linux命令行工具，用于管理和调试蓝牙设备。它可以用于扫描周围的蓝牙设备、连接到蓝牙设备发送命令和数据包等。"},"hdparm":{"n":"hdparm","p":"/hdparm","d":"显示与设定硬盘的参数"},"head":{"n":"head","p":"/head","d":"显示文件的开头部分。"},"help":{"n":"help","p":"/help","d":"该命令是bash内建命令，用于显示bash内建命令的帮助信息。"},"hexdump":{"n":"hexdump","p":"/hexdump","d":"显示文件十六进制格式"},"history":{"n":"history","p":"/history","d":"显示或操作历史列表。"},"host":{"n":"host","p":"/host","d":"常用的分析域名查询工具"},"hostid":{"n":"hostid","p":"/hostid","d":"显示当前主机的十六进制数字标识。"},"hostname":{"n":"hostname","p":"/hostname","d":"显示和设置系统的主机名"},"hostnamectl":{"n":"hostnamectl","p":"/hostnamectl","d":"查询或更改系统主机名"},"hping3":{"n":"hping3","p":"/hping3","d":"测试网络及主机的安全"},"htdigest":{"n":"htdigest","p":"/htdigest","d":"Apache服务器内置工具"},"htop":{"n":"htop","p":"/htop","d":"[非内部命令]一个互动的进程查看器，可以动态观察系统进程状况"},"htpasswd":{"n":"htpasswd","p":"/htpasswd","d":"apache服务器创建密码认证文件"},"hwclock":{"n":"hwclock","p":"/hwclock","d":"显示与设定硬件时钟"},"iconv":{"n":"iconv","p":"/iconv","d":"转换文件的编码方式"},"id":{"n":"id","p":"/id","d":"打印真实以及有效的用户和所在组的信息"},"ifcfg":{"n":"ifcfg","p":"/ifcfg","d":"置Linux中的网络接口参数"},"ifconfig":{"n":"ifconfig","p":"/ifconfig","d":"配置和显示Linux系统网卡的网络参数"},"ifdown":{"n":"ifdown","p":"/ifdown","d":"禁用指定的网络接口"},"ifstat":{"n":"ifstat","p":"/ifstat","d":"统计网络接口流量状态"},"iftop":{"n":"iftop","p":"/iftop","d":"一款实时流量监控工具"},"ifup":{"n":"ifup","p":"/ifup","d":"激活指定的网络接口"},"indent":{"n":"indent","p":"/indent","d":"格式化C语言的源文件"},"info":{"n":"info","p":"/info","d":"Linux下info格式的帮助指令"},"init":{"n":"init","p":"/init","d":"init进程是所有Linux进程的父进程"},"inotifywait":{"n":"inotifywait","p":"/inotifywait","d":"异步文件系统监控机制"},"insmod":{"n":"insmod","p":"/insmod","d":"将给定的模块加载到内核中"},"install":{"n":"install","p":"/install","d":"安装或升级软件或备份数据"},"iostat":{"n":"iostat","p":"/iostat","d":"iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。"},"iotop":{"n":"iotop","p":"/iotop","d":"用来监视磁盘I/O使用状况的工具"},"ip":{"n":"ip","p":"/ip","d":"网络配置工具"},"ip6tables-restore":{"n":"ip6tables-restore","p":"/ip6tables-restore","d":"还原ip6tables表"},"ip6tables-save":{"n":"ip6tables-save","p":"/ip6tables-save","d":"保存ip6tables表配置"},"ip6tables":{"n":"ip6tables","p":"/ip6tables","d":"linux中防火墙软件"},"ipcalc":{"n":"ipcalc","p":"/ipcalc","d":"简单的IP地址计算器"},"ipcrm":{"n":"ipcrm","p":"/ipcrm","d":"删除消息队列、信号集、或者共享内存标识"},"ipcs":{"n":"ipcs","p":"/ipcs","d":"分析消息队列共享内存和信号量"},"iperf":{"n":"iperf","p":"/iperf","d":"网络性能测试工具"},"iptables-restore":{"n":"iptables-restore","p":"/iptables-restore","d":"还原iptables表的配置"},"iptables-save":{"n":"iptables-save","p":"/iptables-save","d":"备份iptables的表配置"},"iptables":{"n":"iptables","p":"/iptables","d":"Linux上常用的防火墙软件"},"iptraf":{"n":"iptraf","p":"/iptraf","d":"实时地监视网卡流量"},"iptstate":{"n":"iptstate","p":"/iptstate","d":"显示iptables的工作状态"},"iscsiadm":{"n":"iscsiadm","p":"/iscsiadm","d":"管理iSCSI连接"},"ispell":{"n":"ispell","p":"/ispell","d":"检查文件中出现的拼写错误"},"jed":{"n":"jed","p":"/jed","d":"主要用于编辑代码的编辑器"},"jobs":{"n":"jobs","p":"/jobs","d":"显示作业的状态。"},"joe":{"n":"joe","p":"/joe","d":"强大的纯文本编辑器"},"join":{"n":"join","p":"/join","d":"两个文件中指定栏位内容相同的行连接起来"},"journalctl":{"n":"journalctl","p":"/journalctl","d":"检索 systemd 日志，是 CentOS 7 才有的工具。"},"jq":{"n":"jq","p":"/jq","d":"一个灵活的轻量级命令行JSON处理器"},"jwhois":{"n":"jwhois","p":"/jwhois","d":"whois 客户端服务"},"kernelversion":{"n":"kernelversion","p":"/kernelversion","d":"打印当前内核的主版本号"},"kexec":{"n":"kexec","p":"/kexec","d":"从当前正在运行的内核引导到一个新内核"},"kill":{"n":"kill","p":"/kill","d":"发送信号到进程。"},"killall":{"n":"killall","p":"/killall","d":"使用进程的名称来杀死一组进程"},"last":{"n":"last","p":"/last","d":"列出目前与过去登入系统的用户相关信息"},"lastb":{"n":"lastb","p":"/lastb","d":"列出登入系统失败的用户相关信息"},"lastlog":{"n":"lastlog","p":"/lastlog","d":"显示系统中所有用户最近一次登录信息"},"ld":{"n":"ld","p":"/ld","d":"将目标文件连接为可执行程序"},"ldconfig":{"n":"ldconfig","p":"/ldconfig","d":"动态链接库管理命令"},"ldd":{"n":"ldd","p":"/ldd","d":"打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表"},"less":{"n":"less","p":"/less","d":"分屏上下翻页浏览文件内容"},"let":{"n":"let","p":"/let","d":"简单的计算器，执行算术表达式。"},"lftp":{"n":"lftp","p":"/lftp","d":"优秀的文件客户端程序"},"lftpget":{"n":"lftpget","p":"/lftpget","d":"调用lftp指令下载指定的文件"},"lha":{"n":"lha","p":"/lha","d":"压缩或解压缩lzh格式文件"},"lilo":{"n":"lilo","p":"/lilo","d":"安装核心载入开机管理程序"},"ln":{"n":"ln","p":"/ln","d":"用来为文件创建链接"},"lnstat":{"n":"lnstat","p":"/lnstat","d":"显示Linux系统的网路状态"},"local":{"n":"local","p":"/local","d":"在函数内定义局部变量。"},"locate":{"n":"locate","p":"/locate","d":"比 find 好用的文件查找工具"},"logger":{"n":"logger","p":"/logger","d":"在系统日志中记录相应条目"},"login":{"n":"login","p":"/login","d":"登录系统或切换用户身份"},"logname":{"n":"logname","p":"/logname","d":"打印当前终端登录用户的名称。"},"logout":{"n":"logout","p":"/logout","d":"退出当前登录的Shell"},"logrotate":{"n":"logrotate","p":"/logrotate","d":"系统日志进行轮转、压缩和删除"},"logsave":{"n":"logsave","p":"/logsave","d":"将命令的输出信息保存到指定的日志文件"},"logwatch":{"n":"logwatch","p":"/logwatch","d":"可定制和可插入式的日志监视系统"},"look":{"n":"look","p":"/look","d":"显示文件中以指定字符串开头的任意行"},"losetup":{"n":"losetup","p":"/losetup","d":"设定与控制循环（loop）设备"},"lp":{"n":"lp","p":"/lp","d":"打印文件或修改排队的打印任务"},"lpadmin":{"n":"lpadmin","p":"/lpadmin","d":"配置CUPS套件中的打印机和类"},"lpc":{"n":"lpc","p":"/lpc","d":"命令行方式打印机控制程序"},"lpq":{"n":"lpq","p":"/lpq","d":"显示打印队列中的打印任务的状态信息"},"lpr":{"n":"lpr","p":"/lpr","d":"将文件发送给指定打印机进行打印"},"lprm":{"n":"lprm","p":"/lprm","d":"删除打印队列中的打印任务"},"lpstat":{"n":"lpstat","p":"/lpstat","d":"显示CUPS中打印机的状态信息"},"ls":{"n":"ls","p":"/ls","d":"显示目录内容列表"},"lsattr":{"n":"lsattr","p":"/lsattr","d":"查看文件的第二扩展文件系统属性"},"lsb_release":{"n":"lsb_release","p":"/lsb_release","d":"显示发行版本信息"},"lsblk":{"n":"lsblk","p":"/lsblk","d":"列出块设备信息"},"lscpu":{"n":"lscpu","p":"/lscpu","d":"显示有关CPU架构的信息"},"lsmod":{"n":"lsmod","p":"/lsmod","d":"显示已载入系统的模块"},"lsof":{"n":"lsof","p":"/lsof","d":"显示Linux系统当前已打开的所有文件列表 `lsof -p pid`"},"lspci":{"n":"lspci","p":"/lspci","d":"显示当前主机的所有PCI总线信息"},"lsusb":{"n":"lsusb","p":"/lsusb","d":"显示本机的USB设备列表信息"},"ltrace":{"n":"ltrace","p":"/ltrace","d":"用来跟踪进程调用库函数的情况"},"lvcreate":{"n":"lvcreate","p":"/lvcreate","d":"用于创建LVM的逻辑卷"},"lvdisplay":{"n":"lvdisplay","p":"/lvdisplay","d":"显示逻辑卷属性"},"lvextend":{"n":"lvextend","p":"/lvextend","d":"扩展逻辑卷空间"},"lvreduce":{"n":"lvreduce","p":"/lvreduce","d":"收缩逻辑卷空间"},"lvremove":{"n":"lvremove","p":"/lvremove","d":"删除指定LVM逻辑卷"},"lvresize":{"n":"lvresize","p":"/lvresize","d":"调整逻辑卷空间大小"},"lvscan":{"n":"lvscan","p":"/lvscan","d":"扫描逻辑卷"},"lynx":{"n":"lynx","p":"/lynx","d":"纯文本模式的网页浏览器"},"mail":{"n":"mail","p":"/mail","d":"命令行下发送和接收电子邮件"},"mailq":{"n":"mailq","p":"/mailq","d":"显示待发送的邮件队列"},"mailstat":{"n":"mailstat","p":"/mailstat","d":"显示到达的邮件状态"},"make":{"n":"make","p":"/make","d":"GNU的工程化编译工具"},"man":{"n":"man","p":"/man","d":"查看Linux中的指令帮助"},"mapfile":{"n":"mapfile","p":"/mapfile","d":"从标准输入读取行并赋值到数组。"},"md5sum":{"n":"md5sum","p":"/md5sum","d":"计算和校验文件报文摘要的工具程序"},"mesg":{"n":"mesg","p":"/mesg","d":"设置当前终端的写权限"},"mii-tool":{"n":"mii-tool","p":"/mii-tool","d":"配置网络设备协商方式的工具"},"mkbootdisk":{"n":"mkbootdisk","p":"/mkbootdisk","d":"可建立目前系统的启动盘"},"mkcert":{"n":"mkcert","p":"/mkcert","d":"用来生成自签证书的工具"},"mkdir":{"n":"mkdir","p":"/mkdir","d":"用来创建目录"},"mke2fs":{"n":"mke2fs","p":"/mke2fs","d":"创建磁盘分区上的“etc2/etc3”文件系统"},"mkfs":{"n":"mkfs","p":"/mkfs","d":"用于在设备上创建Linux文件系统"},"mkinitrd":{"n":"mkinitrd","p":"/mkinitrd","d":"建立要载入ramdisk的映像文件"},"mkisofs":{"n":"mkisofs","p":"/mkisofs","d":"建立ISO 9660映像文件"},"mknod":{"n":"mknod","p":"/mknod","d":"创建字符设备文件和块设备文件"},"mkswap":{"n":"mkswap","p":"/mkswap","d":"建立和设置SWAP交换分区"},"mktemp":{"n":"mktemp","p":"/mktemp","d":"创建临时文件供shell脚本使用"},"modetest":{"n":"modetest","p":"/modetest","d":"DRM/KMS驱动程序libdrm中的模式测试工具"},"modprobe":{"n":"modprobe","p":"/modprobe","d":"自动处理可载入模块"},"more":{"n":"more","p":"/more","d":"显示文件内容，每次显示一屏"},"mount":{"n":"mount","p":"/mount","d":"用于挂载Linux系统外的文件"},"mpstat":{"n":"mpstat","p":"/mpstat","d":"显示各个可用CPU的状态"},"mtools":{"n":"mtools","p":"/mtools","d":"显示mtools支持的指令"},"mtr":{"n":"mtr","p":"/mtr","d":"`mtr` 结合了 `traceroute` 和 `ping` 程序的功能，是一款简单的网络诊断工具"},"mv":{"n":"mv","p":"/mv","d":"用来对文件或目录重新命名"},"mysql":{"n":"mysql","p":"/mysql","d":"MySQL服务器客户端工具"},"mysqladmin":{"n":"mysqladmin","p":"/mysqladmin","d":"MySQL服务器管理客户端"},"mysqldump":{"n":"mysqldump","p":"/mysqldump","d":"MySQL数据库中备份工具"},"mysqlimport":{"n":"mysqlimport","p":"/mysqlimport","d":"为MySQL服务器用命令行方式导入数据"},"mysqlshow":{"n":"mysqlshow","p":"/mysqlshow","d":"显示MySQL中数据库相关信息"},"named-checkzone":{"n":"named-checkzone","p":"/named-checkzone","d":"使用named-checkzone命令可以进行区域文件有效性检查和转换，必须指定区域名称和区域文件名称"},"nano":{"n":"nano","p":"/nano","d":"字符终端文本编辑器"},"nc":{"n":"nc","p":"/nc","d":"nc是网络工具中的瑞士军刀"},"ncftp":{"n":"ncftp","p":"/ncftp","d":"是增强的的FTP工具"},"neofetch":{"n":"neofetch","p":"/neofetch","d":"显示带有发行徽标的系统信息的工具"},"nethogs":{"n":"nethogs","p":"/nethogs","d":"终端下的网络流量监控工具"},"netstat":{"n":"netstat","p":"/netstat","d":"查看Linux中网络系统状态信息"},"newusers":{"n":"newusers","p":"/newusers","d":"用于批处理的方式一次创建多个命令"},"nfsstat":{"n":"nfsstat","p":"/nfsstat","d":"列出NFS客户端和服务器的工作状态"},"ngrep":{"n":"ngrep","p":"/ngrep","d":"方便的数据包匹配和显示工具"},"nice":{"n":"nice","p":"/nice","d":"调整程序执行的优先权等级"},"nisdomainname":{"n":"nisdomainname","p":"/nisdomainname","d":"显示主机NIS的域名"},"nl":{"n":"nl","p":"/nl","d":"为每一个文件添加行号。"},"nm":{"n":"nm","p":"/nm","d":"显示二进制目标文件的符号表"},"nmap":{"n":"nmap","p":"/nmap","d":"网络探测和安全审核"},"nmcli":{"n":"nmcli","p":"/nmcli","d":"地址配置工具"},"nohup":{"n":"nohup","p":"/nohup","d":"将程序以忽略挂起信号的方式运行起来"},"nologin":{"n":"nologin","p":"/nologin","d":"拒绝用户登录系统"},"nproc":{"n":"nproc","p":"/nproc","d":"打印可用的处理器单元数量。"},"nslookup":{"n":"nslookup","p":"/nslookup","d":"查询域名DNS信息的工具"},"ntpdate":{"n":"ntpdate","p":"/ntpdate","d":"使用网络计时协议（NTP）设置日期和时间"},"ntsysv":{"n":"ntsysv","p":"/ntsysv","d":"集中管理系统的各种服务"},"objdump":{"n":"objdump","p":"/objdump","d":"显示二进制文件信息"},"od":{"n":"od","p":"/od","d":"输出文件的八进制、十六进制等格式编码的字节"},"openssl":{"n":"openssl","p":"/openssl","d":"强大的安全套接字层密码库"},"pacman":{"n":"pacman","p":"/pacman","d":"Arch Linux 系统及其衍生系统中默认使用的包管理器"},"parted":{"n":"parted","p":"/parted","d":"磁盘分区和分区大小调整工具"},"partprobe":{"n":"partprobe","p":"/partprobe","d":"不重启的情况下重读分区"},"passwd":{"n":"passwd","p":"/passwd","d":"用于让用户可以更改自己的密码"},"paste":{"n":"paste","p":"/paste","d":"将多个文件按列队列合并"},"patch":{"n":"patch","p":"/patch","d":"为开放源代码软件安装补丁程序"},"pathchk":{"n":"pathchk","p":"/pathchk","d":"检查文件中不可移植的部分"},"perl":{"n":"perl","p":"/perl","d":"perl语言解释器"},"pfctl":{"n":"pfctl","p":"/pfctl","d":"PF防火墙的配置命令"},"pgrep":{"n":"pgrep","p":"/pgrep","d":"根据用户给出的信息在当前运行进程中查找并列出符合条件的进程ID（PID）"},"php":{"n":"php","p":"/php","d":"PHP语言的命令行接口"},"pico":{"n":"pico","p":"/pico","d":"功能强大全屏幕的文本编辑器"},"pidof":{"n":"pidof","p":"/pidof","d":"查找指定名称的进程的进程号ID号"},"pidstat":{"n":"pidstat","p":"/pidstat","d":"监控进程的系统资源占用情况"},"pigz":{"n":"pigz","p":"/pigz","d":"可以用来解压缩文件，gzip的并行实现升级版"},"ping":{"n":"ping","p":"/ping","d":"测试主机之间网络的连通性(ipv4)"},"ping6":{"n":"ping6","p":"/ping6","d":"测试主机之间网络的连通性(ipv6)"},"pip":{"n":"pip","p":"/pip","d":"Python 编程语言中的包管理器，用于安装和管理第三方 Python 模块"},"pkexec":{"n":"pkexec","p":"/pkexec","d":"以其他用户身份执行命令"},"pkill":{"n":"pkill","p":"/pkill","d":"可以按照进程名杀死进程"},"pmap":{"n":"pmap","p":"/pmap","d":"报告进程的内存映射关系"},"popd":{"n":"popd","p":"/popd","d":"从目录堆栈中删除目录。"},"poweroff":{"n":"poweroff","p":"/poweroff","d":"关闭Linux系统，关闭记录会被写入到/var/log/wtmp日志文件中"},"ppp-off":{"n":"ppp-off","p":"/ppp-off","d":"关闭ppp连线"},"pr":{"n":"pr","p":"/pr","d":"将文本文件转换成适合打印的格式"},"printf":{"n":"printf","p":"/printf","d":"格式化并输出结果。"},"protoize":{"n":"protoize","p":"/protoize","d":"GNU-C代码转换为ANSI-C代码"},"prtstat":{"n":"prtstat","p":"/prtstat","d":"显示进程信息"},"ps":{"n":"ps","p":"/ps","d":"报告当前系统的进程状态"},"pssh":{"n":"pssh","p":"/pssh","d":"批量管理执行"},"pstack":{"n":"pstack","p":"/pstack","d":"显示每个进程的栈跟踪"},"pstree":{"n":"pstree","p":"/pstree","d":"以树状图的方式展现进程之间的派生关系"},"pushd":{"n":"pushd","p":"/pushd","d":"将目录添加到目录堆栈顶部。"},"pv":{"n":"pv","p":"/pv","d":"显示当前在命令行执行的命令的进度信息，管道查看器"},"pvchange":{"n":"pvchange","p":"/pvchange","d":"修改物理卷属性"},"pvck":{"n":"pvck","p":"/pvck","d":"检测物理卷的LVM元数据的一致性"},"pvcreate":{"n":"pvcreate","p":"/pvcreate","d":"将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷"},"pvdisplay":{"n":"pvdisplay","p":"/pvdisplay","d":"显示物理卷的属性"},"pvremove":{"n":"pvremove","p":"/pvremove","d":"删除一个存在的物理卷"},"pvs":{"n":"pvs","p":"/pvs","d":"输出物理卷信息报表"},"pvscan":{"n":"pvscan","p":"/pvscan","d":"扫描系统中所有硬盘的物理卷列表"},"pwck":{"n":"pwck","p":"/pwck","d":"用来验证系统认证文件内容和格式的完整性"},"pwconv":{"n":"pwconv","p":"/pwconv","d":"用来开启用户的投影密码"},"pwd":{"n":"pwd","p":"/pwd","d":"显示当前工作目录的绝对路径。"},"pwdx":{"n":"pwdx","p":"/pwdx","d":"用于显示指定进程的当前工作目录"},"pwunconv":{"n":"pwunconv","p":"/pwunconv","d":"用来关闭用户的投影密码"},"quota":{"n":"quota","p":"/quota","d":"显示磁盘已使用的空间与限制"},"quotacheck":{"n":"quotacheck","p":"/quotacheck","d":"检查磁盘的使用空间与限制"},"quotaoff":{"n":"quotaoff","p":"/quotaoff","d":"关闭Linux内核中指定文件系统的磁盘配额功能"},"quotaon":{"n":"quotaon","p":"/quotaon","d":"激活Linux内核中指定文件系统的磁盘配额功能"},"rcconf":{"n":"rcconf","p":"/rcconf","d":"Debian Linux下的运行等级服务配置工具"},"rcp":{"n":"rcp","p":"/rcp","d":"使在两台Linux主机之间的文件复制操作更简单"},"read":{"n":"read","p":"/read","d":"从键盘读取变量值"},"readelf":{"n":"readelf","p":"/readelf","d":"用于显示elf格式文件的信息"},"readonly":{"n":"readonly","p":"/readonly","d":"标记shell变量或函数为只读"},"reboot":{"n":"reboot","p":"/reboot","d":"重新启动正在运行的Linux操作系统"},"reject":{"n":"reject","p":"/reject","d":"指示打印系统拒绝发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"rename":{"n":"rename","p":"/rename","d":"用字符串替换的方式批量改变文件名"},"renice":{"n":"renice","p":"/renice","d":"修改正在运行的进程的调度优先级"},"reposync":{"n":"reposync","p":"/reposync","d":"同步yum存储库到本地目录"},"repquota":{"n":"repquota","p":"/repquota","d":"报表的格式输出磁盘空间限制的状态"},"resize":{"n":"resize","p":"/resize","d":"命令设置终端机视窗的大小"},"restore":{"n":"restore","p":"/restore","d":"所进行的操作和dump指令相反"},"restorecon":{"n":"restorecon","p":"/restorecon","d":"恢复文件的安全上下文"},"return":{"n":"return","p":"/return","d":"从函数中退出并返回数值。"},"rev":{"n":"rev","p":"/rev","d":"将文件内容以字符为单位反序输出"},"rexec":{"n":"rexec","p":"/rexec","d":"远程执行Linux系统下命令"},"rlogin":{"n":"rlogin","p":"/rlogin","d":"从当前终端登录到远程Linux主机"},"rm":{"n":"rm","p":"/rm","d":"用于删除给定的文件和目录"},"rmdir":{"n":"rmdir","p":"/rmdir","d":"用来删除空目录"},"rmmod":{"n":"rmmod","p":"/rmmod","d":"从运行的内核中移除指定的内核模块"},"route":{"n":"route","p":"/route","d":"显示并设置Linux中静态路由表"},"rpm":{"n":"rpm","p":"/rpm","d":"RPM软件包的管理工具"},"rpm2cpio":{"n":"rpm2cpio","p":"/rpm2cpio","d":"将RPM软件包转换为cpio格式的文件"},"rpmbuild":{"n":"rpmbuild","p":"/rpmbuild","d":"创建RPM的二进制软件包和源码软件包"},"rpmdb":{"n":"rpmdb","p":"/rpmdb","d":"初始化和重建RPM数据库"},"rpmquery":{"n":"rpmquery","p":"/rpmquery","d":"从RPM数据库中查询软件包信息"},"rpmsign":{"n":"rpmsign","p":"/rpmsign","d":"使用RPM软件包的签名管理工具"},"rpmverify":{"n":"rpmverify","p":"/rpmverify","d":"验证已安装的RPM软件包的正确性"},"rsh":{"n":"rsh","p":"/rsh","d":"连接远程主机并执行命令"},"rsync":{"n":"rsync","p":"/rsync","d":"远程数据同步工具"},"runlevel":{"n":"runlevel","p":"/runlevel","d":"打印当前Linux系统的运行等级"},"sar":{"n":"sar","p":"/sar","d":"系统运行状态统计工具"},"scp":{"n":"scp","p":"/scp","d":"加密的方式在本地主机和远程主机之间复制文件"},"screen":{"n":"screen","p":"/screen","d":"用于命令行终端切换"},"script":{"n":"script","p":"/script","d":"记录终端会话的所有操作"},"scriptreplay":{"n":"scriptreplay","p":"/scriptreplay","d":"重新播放终端会话的所有操作"},"sed":{"n":"sed","p":"/sed","d":"功能强大的流式文本编辑器"},"seinfo":{"n":"seinfo","p":"/seinfo","d":"查询SELinux的策略提供多少相关规则"},"semanage":{"n":"semanage","p":"/semanage","d":"默认目录的安全上下文查询与修改"},"sendmail":{"n":"sendmail","p":"/sendmail","d":"著名电子邮件服务器"},"seq":{"n":"seq","p":"/seq","d":"以指定增量从首数开始打印数字到尾数"},"service":{"n":"service","p":"/service","d":"控制系统服务的实用工具"},"sesearch":{"n":"sesearch","p":"/sesearch","d":"查询SELinux策略的规则详情"},"set":{"n":"set","p":"/set","d":"显示或设置shell特性及shell变量"},"setfacl":{"n":"setfacl","p":"/setfacl","d":"设置文件访问控制列表"},"setpci":{"n":"setpci","p":"/setpci","d":"查询和配置PCI设备的使用工具"},"setsebool":{"n":"setsebool","p":"/setsebool","d":"修改SElinux策略内各项规则的布尔值"},"setsid":{"n":"setsid","p":"/setsid","d":"在新的会话中运行程序"},"sftp-server":{"n":"sftp-server","p":"/sftp-server","d":"sftp协议的服务器端程序"},"sftp":{"n":"sftp","p":"/sftp","d":"交互式的文件传输程序"},"sh":{"n":"sh","p":"/sh","d":"shell命令解释器"},"sha256sum":{"n":"sha256sum","p":"/sha256sum","d":"用于计算文件的 SHA-256 哈希值"},"shift":{"n":"shift","p":"/shift","d":"移动位置参数。"},"shopt":{"n":"shopt","p":"/shopt","d":"显示和设置shell操作选项"},"showmount":{"n":"showmount","p":"/showmount","d":"显示NFS服务器加载的信息"},"shuf":{"n":"shuf","p":"/shuf","d":"产生随机的排列。"},"shutdown":{"n":"shutdown","p":"/shutdown","d":"用来执行系统关机的命令"},"skill":{"n":"skill","p":"/skill","d":"向选定的进程发送信号冻结进程"},"slabtop":{"n":"slabtop","p":"/slabtop","d":"实时显示内核slab内存缓存信息"},"sleep":{"n":"sleep","p":"/sleep","d":"将目前动作延迟一段时间"},"slocate":{"n":"slocate","p":"/slocate","d":"命令查找文件或目录"},"smartmontools":{"n":"smartmontools","p":"/smartmontools","d":"Smartmontools 是一种硬盘检测工具，通过控制和管理硬盘的SMART（Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology，自动检测分析及报告技术）技术来实现的"},"smbclient":{"n":"smbclient","p":"/smbclient","d":"交互方式访问samba服务器"},"smbpasswd":{"n":"smbpasswd","p":"/smbpasswd","d":"samba用户和密码管理工具"},"sort":{"n":"sort","p":"/sort","d":"对文本文件中所有行进行排序。"},"source":{"n":"source","p":"/source","d":"在当前Shell环境中从指定文件读取和执行命令。"},"speedtest-cli":{"n":"speedtest-cli","p":"/speedtest-cli","d":"命令行下测试服务器外网速度"},"spell":{"n":"spell","p":"/spell","d":"对文件进行拼写检查"},"split":{"n":"split","p":"/split","d":"分割任意大小的文件"},"squid":{"n":"squid","p":"/squid","d":"squid服务器守护进程"},"squidclient":{"n":"squidclient","p":"/squidclient","d":"squid服务器的客户端管理工具"},"ss":{"n":"ss","p":"/ss","d":"比 netstat 好用的socket统计信息，iproute2 包附带的另一个工具，允许你查询 socket 的有关统计信息"},"ssh-add":{"n":"ssh-add","p":"/ssh-add","d":"把专用密钥添加到ssh-agent的高速缓存中"},"ssh-agent":{"n":"ssh-agent","p":"/ssh-agent","d":"ssh密钥管理器"},"ssh-copy-id":{"n":"ssh-copy-id","p":"/ssh-copy-id","d":"把本地的ssh公钥文件安装到远程主机对应的账户下"},"ssh-keygen":{"n":"ssh-keygen","p":"/ssh-keygen","d":"为ssh生成、管理和转换认证密钥"},"ssh-keyscan":{"n":"ssh-keyscan","p":"/ssh-keyscan","d":"收集主机公钥的使用工具"},"ssh":{"n":"ssh","p":"/ssh","d":"openssh套件中的客户端连接工具"},"sshd":{"n":"sshd","p":"/sshd","d":"openssh软件套件中的服务器守护进程"},"sshpass":{"n":"sshpass","p":"/sshpass","d":"免交互 SSH 登录工具。"},"startx":{"n":"startx","p":"/startx","d":"用来启动X Window"},"stat":{"n":"stat","p":"/stat","d":"用于显示文件的状态信息"},"strace":{"n":"strace","p":"/strace","d":"跟踪系统调用和信号"},"strings":{"n":"strings","p":"/strings","d":"在对象文件或二进制文件中查找可打印的字符串"},"stty":{"n":"stty","p":"/stty","d":"修改终端命令行的相关设置"},"su":{"n":"su","p":"/su","d":"用于切换当前用户身份到其他用户身份"},"sudo":{"n":"sudo","p":"/sudo","d":"以其他身份来执行命令"},"sum":{"n":"sum","p":"/sum","d":"计算文件的校验码和显示块数"},"supervisord":{"n":"supervisord","p":"/supervisord","d":"配置后台服务/常驻进程的进程管家工具"},"suspend":{"n":"suspend","p":"/suspend","d":"挂起shell的执行。"},"swapoff":{"n":"swapoff","p":"/swapoff","d":"关闭指定的交换空间"},"swapon":{"n":"swapon","p":"/swapon","d":"激活Linux系统中交换空间"},"sync":{"n":"sync","p":"/sync","d":"用于强制被改变的内容立刻写入磁盘"},"sysctl":{"n":"sysctl","p":"/sysctl","d":"时动态地修改内核的运行参数"},"syslog":{"n":"syslog","p":"/syslog","d":"系统默认的日志守护进程"},"systemctl":{"n":"systemctl","p":"/systemctl","d":"系统服务管理器指令"},"systool":{"n":"systool","p":"/systool","d":"显示基于总线、类和拓扑显示系统中设备的信息"},"tac":{"n":"tac","p":"/tac","d":"连接多个文件并以行为单位反向打印到标准输出。"},"tail":{"n":"tail","p":"/tail","d":"在屏幕上显示指定文件的末尾若干行"},"tailf":{"n":"tailf","p":"/tailf","d":"在屏幕上显示指定文件的末尾若干行内容，通常用于日志文件的跟踪输出"},"talk":{"n":"talk","p":"/talk","d":"让用户和其他用户聊天"},"tar":{"n":"tar","p":"/tar","d":"将许多文件一起保存至一个单独的磁带或磁盘归档，并能从归档中单独还原所需文件。"},"tcpdump":{"n":"tcpdump","p":"/tcpdump","d":"一款sniffer工具，是Linux上的抓包工具，嗅探器"},"tcpreplay":{"n":"tcpreplay","p":"/tcpreplay","d":"将保存在 PCAP 文件包重新发送，用于性能或者功能测试"},"tee":{"n":"tee","p":"/tee","d":"从标准输入读取数据并重定向到标准输出和文件。"},"telinit":{"n":"telinit","p":"/telinit","d":"切换当前正在运行系统的运行等级"},"telnet":{"n":"telnet","p":"/telnet","d":"登录远程主机和管理(测试ip端口是否连通)"},"tempfile":{"n":"tempfile","p":"/tempfile","d":"shell中给临时文件命名"},"test":{"n":"test","p":"/test","d":"执行条件表达式。"},"tftp":{"n":"tftp","p":"/tftp","d":"在本机和tftp服务器之间使用TFTP协议传输文件"},"time":{"n":"time","p":"/time","d":"统计给定命令所花费的总时间"},"timedatectl":{"n":"timedatectl","p":"/timedatectl","d":"用于在 Linux 中设置或查询系统时间、日期和时区等配置。"},"times":{"n":"times","p":"/times","d":"显示进程累计时间。"},"tload":{"n":"tload","p":"/tload","d":"显示系统负载状况"},"tmux":{"n":"tmux","p":"/tmux","d":"Tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件，类似GNU Screen，但来自于OpenBSD，采用BSD授权"},"top":{"n":"top","p":"/top","d":"显示或管理执行中的程序"},"touch":{"n":"touch","p":"/touch","d":"创建新的空文件"},"tput":{"n":"tput","p":"/tput","d":"通过terminfo数据库对终端会话进行初始化和操作"},"tr":{"n":"tr","p":"/tr","d":"将字符进行替换压缩和删除"},"tracepath":{"n":"tracepath","p":"/tracepath","d":"追踪目的主机经过的路由信息"},"traceroute":{"n":"traceroute","p":"/traceroute","d":"显示数据包到主机间的路径"},"trap":{"n":"trap","p":"/trap","d":"捕捉信号和其他事件并执行命令。"},"tree":{"n":"tree","p":"/tree","d":"树状图列出目录的内容"},"true":{"n":"true","p":"/true","d":"返回状态为成功。"},"tty":{"n":"tty","p":"/tty","d":"显示连接到当前标准输入的终端设备文件名"},"type":{"n":"type","p":"/type","d":"显示指定命令的类型。"},"ulimit":{"n":"ulimit","p":"/ulimit","d":"控制shell程序的资源"},"umask":{"n":"umask","p":"/umask","d":"显示或设置创建文件的权限掩码。"},"umount":{"n":"umount","p":"/umount","d":"用于卸载已经加载的文件系统"},"unalias":{"n":"unalias","p":"/unalias","d":"删除由alias设置的别名"},"uname":{"n":"uname","p":"/uname","d":"打印系统信息。"},"unarj":{"n":"unarj","p":"/unarj","d":"解压缩由arj命令创建的压缩包"},"uncompress":{"n":"uncompress","p":"/uncompress","d":"用来解压.Z文件"},"unexpand":{"n":"unexpand","p":"/unexpand","d":"将文件的空白字符转换为制表符"},"uniq":{"n":"uniq","p":"/uniq","d":"显示或忽略重复的行。"},"unlink":{"n":"unlink","p":"/unlink","d":"系统调用函数unlink去删除指定的文件"},"unprotoize":{"n":"unprotoize","p":"/unprotoize","d":"删除C语言源代码文件中的函数原型"},"unrar":{"n":"unrar","p":"/unrar","d":"解压rar文件命令，从 rar 压缩包中提取文件"},"unset":{"n":"unset","p":"/unset","d":"删除指定的shell变量或函数。"},"unzip":{"n":"unzip","p":"/unzip","d":"用于解压缩由zip命令压缩的压缩包"},"updatedb":{"n":"updatedb","p":"/updatedb","d":"创建或更新slocate命令所必需的数据库文件"},"uptime":{"n":"uptime","p":"/uptime","d":"查看Linux系统负载信息"},"useradd":{"n":"useradd","p":"/useradd","d":"创建的新的系统用户"},"userdel":{"n":"userdel","p":"/userdel","d":"用于删除给定的用户以及与用户相关的文件"},"usermod":{"n":"usermod","p":"/usermod","d":"用于修改用户的基本信息"},"usernetctl":{"n":"usernetctl","p":"/usernetctl","d":"被允许时操作指定的网络接口"},"users":{"n":"users","p":"/users","d":"打印当前主机所有登陆用户的名称。"},"uucico":{"n":"uucico","p":"/uucico","d":"UUCP文件传输服务程序"},"uupick":{"n":"uupick","p":"/uupick","d":"命令处理传送进来的文件"},"uuto":{"n":"uuto","p":"/uuto","d":"将文件传送到远端的UUCP主机"},"vdfuse":{"n":"vdfuse","p":"/vdfuse","d":"VirtualBox软件挂载VDI分区文件工具"},"vgchange":{"n":"vgchange","p":"/vgchange","d":"修改卷组属性"},"vgconvert":{"n":"vgconvert","p":"/vgconvert","d":"转换卷组元数据格式"},"vgcreate":{"n":"vgcreate","p":"/vgcreate","d":"用于创建LVM卷组"},"vgdisplay":{"n":"vgdisplay","p":"/vgdisplay","d":"显示LVM卷组的信息"},"vgextend":{"n":"vgextend","p":"/vgextend","d":"向卷组中添加物理卷"},"vgreduce":{"n":"vgreduce","p":"/vgreduce","d":"从卷组中删除物理卷"},"vgremove":{"n":"vgremove","p":"/vgremove","d":"用于用户删除LVM卷组"},"vgrename":{"n":"vgrename","p":"/vgrename","d":"使用vgrename命令可以重命名卷组的名称"},"vgscan":{"n":"vgscan","p":"/vgscan","d":"扫描并显示系统中的卷组"},"vi":{"n":"vi","p":"/vi","d":"功能强大的纯文本编辑器"},"vmstat":{"n":"vmstat","p":"/vmstat","d":"显示虚拟内存状态"},"volname":{"n":"volname","p":"/volname","d":"显示指定的ISO-9660格式的设备的卷名称"},"w":{"n":"w","p":"/w","d":"显示目前登入系统的用户信息"},"wait":{"n":"wait","p":"/wait","d":"等待进程执行完后返回"},"wall":{"n":"wall","p":"/wall","d":"向系统当前所有打开的终端上输出信息"},"watch":{"n":"watch","p":"/watch","d":"可以将命令的输出结果输出到标准输出设备，多用于周期性执行命令/定时执行命令"},"wc":{"n":"wc","p":"/wc","d":"统计文件的字节数、字数、行数"},"wget":{"n":"wget","p":"/wget","d":"Linux系统下载文件工具"},"whatis":{"n":"whatis","p":"/whatis","d":"查询一个命令执行什么功能"},"whereis":{"n":"whereis","p":"/whereis","d":"查找二进制程序、代码等相关文件路径"},"which":{"n":"which","p":"/which","d":"查找并显示给定命令的绝对路径"},"who":{"n":"who","p":"/who","d":"显示当前所有登陆用户的信息。"},"whoami":{"n":"whoami","p":"/whoami","d":"打印当前有效的用户ID对应的名称"},"write":{"n":"write","p":"/write","d":"向指定登录用户终端上发送信息"},"xargs":{"n":"xargs","p":"/xargs","d":"给其他命令传递参数的一个过滤器"},"xauth":{"n":"xauth","p":"/xauth","d":"显示和编辑被用于连接X服务器的认证信息"},"xclip":{"n":"xclip","p":"/xclip","d":"管理 X 粘贴板"},"xhost":{"n":"xhost","p":"/xhost","d":"制哪些X客户端能够在X服务器上显示"},"xinit":{"n":"xinit","p":"/xinit","d":"是Linux下X-Window系统的初始化程序"},"xlsatoms":{"n":"xlsatoms","p":"/xlsatoms","d":"列出X服务器内部所有定义的原子成分"},"xlsclients":{"n":"xlsclients","p":"/xlsclients","d":"列出显示器中的客户端应用程序"},"xlsfonts":{"n":"xlsfonts","p":"/xlsfonts","d":"列出X Server使用的字体"},"xrandr":{"n":"xrandr","p":"/xrandr","d":"X 窗口系统配置管理工具"},"xset":{"n":"xset","p":"/xset","d":"设置X-Window系统中的用户爱好的实用工具"},"xz":{"n":"xz","p":"/xz","d":"POSIX 平台开发具有高压缩率的工具"},"yes":{"n":"yes","p":"/yes","d":"重复打印指定字符串"},"ypdomainname":{"n":"ypdomainname","p":"/ypdomainname","d":"显示主机的NIS的域名"},"yum":{"n":"yum","p":"/yum","d":"基于RPM的软件包管理器"},"zcat":{"n":"zcat","p":"/zcat","d":"显示压缩包中文件的内容"},"zfore":{"n":"zfore","p":"/zfore","d":"强制为gzip格式的压缩文件添加.gz后缀"},"zip":{"n":"zip","p":"/zip","d":"可以用来解压缩文件"},"zipinfo":{"n":"zipinfo","p":"/zipinfo","d":"用来列出压缩文件信息"},"zipsplit":{"n":"zipsplit","p":"/zipsplit","d":"将较大的zip压缩包分割成各个较小的压缩包"},"znew":{"n":"znew","p":"/znew","d":"将.Z压缩包重新转化为gzip命令压缩的.gz压缩包"}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"7z":{"n":"7z","p":"/7z","d":"拥有极高压缩比的开源压缩软件。"},"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"ag":{"n":"ag","p":"/ag","d":"ack 的升级版，C语言编写，更快更人性化"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"base64":{"n":"base64","p":"/base64","d":"base64 编码/解码文件或标准输入输出"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"将前台终端作业移动到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"break":{"n":"break","p":"/break","d":"结束for，while或until循环。"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行bash内建命令。"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"可解压缩.bz2格式的压缩文件。 "},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"不解压，直接查看指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接多个文件并打印到标准输出。"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录。"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 RTC 时间"},"clockdiff":{"n":"clockdiff","p":"/clockdiff","d":"检测两台linux主机的时间差"},"cmp":{"n":"cmp","p":"/cmp","d":"比较两个文件是否有差异"},"col":{"n":"col","p":"/col","d":"过滤控制字符"},"colrm":{"n":"colrm","p":"/colrm","d":"删除文件中的指定列"},"column":{"n":"column","p":"/column","d":"按列格式化输出文件"},"comm":{"n":"comm","p":"/comm","d":"按行比较两个已排序的文件。"},"command":{"n":"command","p":"/command","d":"调用并执行指定的命令"},"compress":{"n":"compress","p":"/compress","d":"使用Lempress-Ziv编码压缩数据文件"},"consoletype":{"n":"consoletype","p":"/consoletype","d":"输出已连接的终端类型"},"continue":{"n":"continue","p":"/continue","d":"结束本次循环，继续执行下一个for，while或until循环。"},"convertquota":{"n":"convertquota","p":"/convertquota","d":"把老的配额文件转换为新的格式"},"cp":{"n":"cp","p":"/cp","d":"将源文件或目录复制到目标文件或目录中"},"cpio":{"n":"cpio","p":"/cpio","d":"用来建立、还原备份档的工具程序"},"createrepo":{"n":"createrepo","p":"/createrepo","d":"创建YUM仓库"},"crontab":{"n":"crontab","p":"/crontab","d":"提交和管理用户的需要周期性执行的任务"},"csplit":{"n":"csplit","p":"/csplit","d":"将一个大文件分割成小的碎片文件"},"cu":{"n":"cu","p":"/cu","d":"用于连接另一个系统主机"},"cupsdisable":{"n":"cupsdisable","p":"/cupsdisable","d":"停止指定的打印机"},"cupsenable":{"n":"cupsenable","p":"/cupsenable","d":"启动指定的打印机"},"curl":{"n":"curl","p":"/curl","d":"利用URL规则在命令行下工作的文件传输工具"},"cut":{"n":"cut","p":"/cut","d":"连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上"},"date":{"n":"date","p":"/date","d":"显示或设置系统时间与日期"},"dc":{"n":"dc","p":"/dc","d":"任意精度计算器"},"dd":{"n":"dd","p":"/dd","d":"复制文件并对原文件的内容进行转换和格式化处理"},"declare":{"n":"declare","p":"/declare","d":"声明变量，设置或显示变量的值和属性。"},"depmod":{"n":"depmod","p":"/depmod","d":"分析可载入模块的相依性"},"df":{"n":"df","p":"/df","d":"显示磁盘的相关信息"},"dhclient":{"n":"dhclient","p":"/dhclient","d":"动态获取或释放IP地址"},"dhcpd":{"n":"dhcpd","p":"/dhcpd","d":"运行DHCP服务器"},"dhcrelay":{"n":"dhcrelay","p":"/dhcrelay","d":"使用dhcrelay命令可以提供中继DHCP和BOOTP请求"},"diff":{"n":"diff","p":"/diff","d":"比较给定的两个文件的不同"},"diff3":{"n":"diff3","p":"/diff3","d":"比较3个文件不同的地方"},"diffstat":{"n":"diffstat","p":"/diffstat","d":"显示diff命令输出信息的柱状图"},"dig":{"n":"dig","p":"/dig","d":"域名查询工具"},"dircolors":{"n":"dircolors","p":"/dircolors","d":"置ls命令在显示目录或文件时所用的色彩"},"dirname":{"n":"dirname","p":"/dirname","d":"去除文件名中的非目录部分"},"dirs":{"n":"dirs","p":"/dirs","d":"显示目录堆栈。"},"disown":{"n":"disown","p":"/disown","d":"从当前的shell中移除作业。"},"dmesg":{"n":"dmesg","p":"/dmesg","d":"显示Linux系统启动信息"},"dmidecode":{"n":"dmidecode","p":"/dmidecode","d":"在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息"},"dnf":{"n":"dnf","p":"/dnf","d":"新一代的RPM软件包管理器"},"dnsdomainname":{"n":"dnsdomainname","p":"/dnsdomainname","d":"定义DNS系统中FQDN名称的域名"},"docker":{"n":"docker","p":"/docker","d":"容器化技术，可以将应用程序及其依赖项打包到一个可移植的容器中，使其可以在不同的环境中运行"},"domainname":{"n":"domainname","p":"/domainname","d":"显示和设置系统的NIS域名"},"dos2unix":{"n":"dos2unix","p":"/dos2unix","d":"将DOS格式文本文件转换成Unix格式"},"dpkg-deb":{"n":"dpkg-deb","p":"/dpkg-deb","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包管理工具"},"dpkg-divert":{"n":"dpkg-divert","p":"/dpkg-divert","d":"Debian Linux中创建并管理一个转向列表"},"dpkg-preconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-preconfigure","p":"/dpkg-preconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中软件包安装之前询问问题"},"dpkg-query":{"n":"dpkg-query","p":"/dpkg-query","d":"Debian Linux中软件包的查询工具"},"dpkg-reconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-reconfigure","p":"/dpkg-reconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中重新配制一个已经安装的软件包"},"dpkg-split":{"n":"dpkg-split","p":"/dpkg-split","d":"Debian Linux中将大软件包分割成小包"},"dpkg-statoverride":{"n":"dpkg-statoverride","p":"/dpkg-statoverride","d":"Debian Linux中覆盖文件的所有权和模式"},"dpkg-trigger":{"n":"dpkg-trigger","p":"/dpkg-trigger","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包触发器"},"dpkg":{"n":"dpkg","p":"/dpkg","d":"Debian Linux系统上安装、创建和管理软件包"},"dris":{"n":"dris","p":"/dris","d":"显示和清空目录堆栈中的内容"},"dstat":{"n":"dstat","p":"/dstat","d":"通用的系统资源统计工具"},"du":{"n":"du","p":"/du","d":"显示每个文件和目录的磁盘使用空间"},"dump":{"n":"dump","p":"/dump","d":"用于备份ext2或者ext3文件系统"},"e2fsck":{"n":"e2fsck","p":"/e2fsck","d":"用于检查第二扩展文件系统的完整性"},"e2label":{"n":"e2label","p":"/e2label","d":"设置第二扩展文件系统的卷标"},"echo":{"n":"echo","p":"/echo","d":"输出指定的字符串或者变量"},"ed":{"n":"ed","p":"/ed","d":"单行纯文本编辑器"},"edquota":{"n":"edquota","p":"/edquota","d":"用于编辑指定用户或工作组磁盘配额"},"egrep":{"n":"egrep","p":"/egrep","d":"在文件内查找指定的字符串"},"eject":{"n":"eject","p":"/eject","d":"用来退出抽取式设备"},"elinks":{"n":"elinks","p":"/elinks","d":"纯文本界面的WWW浏览器"},"elm":{"n":"elm","p":"/elm","d":"纯文本邮件客户端程序"},"emacs":{"n":"emacs","p":"/emacs","d":"功能强大的全屏文本编辑器"},"enable":{"n":"enable","p":"/enable","d":"启动或禁用shell内建命令"},"env":{"n":"env","p":"/env","d":"显示系统中已存在的环境变量"},"ethtool":{"n":"ethtool","p":"/ethtool","d":"显示或修改以太网卡的配置信息"},"ex":{"n":"ex","p":"/ex","d":"启动vim编辑器的ex编辑模式"},"exec":{"n":"exec","p":"/exec","d":"调用并执行指定的命令"},"exit":{"n":"exit","p":"/exit","d":"退出当前的shell。"},"expand":{"n":"expand","p":"/expand","d":"将文件的制表符转换为空白字符"},"export":{"n":"export","p":"/export","d":"为shell变量或函数设置导出属性。"},"exportfs":{"n":"exportfs","p":"/exportfs","d":"管理NFS共享文件系统列表"},"expr":{"n":"expr","p":"/expr","d":"一款表达式计算工具"},"false":{"n":"false","p":"/false","d":"返回状态为失败。"},"fc":{"n":"fc","p":"/fc","d":"显示历史列表中的命令或修改指定的历史命令并执行。"},"fdisk":{"n":"fdisk","p":"/fdisk","d":"查看磁盘使用情况和磁盘分区"},"fg":{"n":"fg","p":"/fg","d":"将后台作业移动到前台终端运行"},"fgrep":{"n":"fgrep","p":"/fgrep","d":"为文件搜索文字字符串"},"figlet":{"n":"figlet","p":"/figlet","d":"字符串转为 “字画符”。"},"file":{"n":"file","p":"/file","d":"用来探测给定文件的类型"},"find":{"n":"find","p":"/find","d":"在指定目录下查找文件"},"findfs":{"n":"findfs","p":"/findfs","d":"标签或UUID查找文件系统"},"finger":{"n":"finger","p":"/finger","d":"用于查找并显示用户信息"},"firewall-cmd":{"n":"firewall-cmd","p":"/firewall-cmd","d":"Linux上新用的防火墙软件，跟iptables差不多的工具"},"fishshell":{"n":"fishshell","p":"/fishshell","d":"比 bash 更好用的 shell"},"fmt":{"n":"fmt","p":"/fmt","d":"读取文件后优化处理并输出"},"fold":{"n":"fold","p":"/fold","d":"控制文件内容输出时所占用的屏幕宽度"},"fping":{"n":"fping","p":"/fping","d":"fping检测主机是否存在"},"free":{"n":"free","p":"/free","d":"显示内存的使用情况"},"fsck":{"n":"fsck","p":"/fsck","d":"fsck（英文全拼：file system check）命令检查并且试图修复文件系统中的错误"},"ftp":{"n":"ftp","p":"/ftp","d":"用来设置文件系统相关功能"},"ftpcount":{"n":"ftpcount","p":"/ftpcount","d":"显示目前已FTP登入的用户人数"},"ftpshut":{"n":"ftpshut","p":"/ftpshut","d":"在指定的时间关闭FTP服务器"},"ftptop":{"n":"ftptop","p":"/ftptop","d":"proftpd服务器的连接状态"},"ftpwho":{"n":"ftpwho","p":"/ftpwho","d":"显示当前每个ftp会话信息"},"fuser":{"n":"fuser","p":"/fuser","d":"使用文件或文件结构识别进程"},"gcc":{"n":"gcc","p":"/gcc","d":"基于C/C++的编译器"},"gcov":{"n":"gcov","p":"/gcov","d":"测试程序的代码覆盖率的工具"},"gdb":{"n":"gdb","p":"/gdb","d":"功能强大的程序调试器"},"get_module":{"n":"get_module","p":"/get_module","d":"获取Linux内核模块的详细信息"},"getcap":{"n":"getcap","p":"/getcap","d":"显示文件的能力（capabilities）"},"getenforce":{"n":"getenforce","p":"/getenforce","d":"显示当前SELinux的应用模式，是强制、执行还是停用"},"getent":{"n":"getent","p":"/getent","d":"查询 DNS 名称服务器中的命名空间"},"getfacl":{"n":"getfacl","p":"/getfacl","d":"获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists)"},"getsebool":{"n":"getsebool","p":"/getsebool","d":"查询SElinux策略内各项规则的布尔值"},"git":{"n":"git","p":"/git","d":"是目前世界上最先进的分布式版本控制系统"},"gpasswd":{"n":"gpasswd","p":"/gpasswd","d":"Linux下工作组文件的管理工具"},"gpg":{"n":"gpg","p":"/gpg","d":"可用于签名、检查、加密或解密的工具"},"gpm":{"n":"gpm","p":"/gpm","d":"提供文字模式下的滑鼠事件处理"},"grep":{"n":"grep","p":"/grep","d":"强大的文本搜索工具"},"groupadd":{"n":"groupadd","p":"/groupadd","d":"用于创建一个新的工作组"},"groupdel":{"n":"groupdel","p":"/groupdel","d":"用于删除指定的工作组"},"groupmems":{"n":"groupmems","p":"/groupmems","d":"管理用户主要组的成员"},"groupmod":{"n":"groupmod","p":"/groupmod","d":"更改群组识别码或名称"},"groups":{"n":"groups","p":"/groups","d":"打印指定用户所在组的名称。"},"grpck":{"n":"grpck","p":"/grpck","d":"用于验证组文件的完整性"},"grpconv":{"n":"grpconv","p":"/grpconv","d":"用来开启群组的投影密码"},"grpunconv":{"n":"grpunconv","p":"/grpunconv","d":"用来关闭群组的投影密码"},"grub":{"n":"grub","p":"/grub","d":"多重引导程序grub的命令行shell工具"},"grub2-mkconfig":{"n":"grub2-mkconfig","p":"/grub2-mkconfig","d":"生成 grub.cfg 配置文件。"},"grub2-set-default":{"n":"grub2-set-default","p":"/grub2-set-default","d":"设置系统默认的启动内核"},"gunzip":{"n":"gunzip","p":"/gunzip","d":"用来解压缩文件"},"gzexe":{"n":"gzexe","p":"/gzexe","d":"用来压缩可执行文件"},"gzip":{"n":"gzip","p":"/gzip","d":"用来压缩文件"},"halt":{"n":"halt","p":"/halt","d":"关闭正在运行的Linux操作系统"},"hcitool":{"n":"hcitool","p":"/hcitool","d":"hcitool是一个Linux命令行工具，用于管理和调试蓝牙设备。它可以用于扫描周围的蓝牙设备、连接到蓝牙设备发送命令和数据包等。"},"hdparm":{"n":"hdparm","p":"/hdparm","d":"显示与设定硬盘的参数"},"head":{"n":"head","p":"/head","d":"显示文件的开头部分。"},"help":{"n":"help","p":"/help","d":"该命令是bash内建命令，用于显示bash内建命令的帮助信息。"},"hexdump":{"n":"hexdump","p":"/hexdump","d":"显示文件十六进制格式"},"history":{"n":"history","p":"/history","d":"显示或操作历史列表。"},"host":{"n":"host","p":"/host","d":"常用的分析域名查询工具"},"hostid":{"n":"hostid","p":"/hostid","d":"显示当前主机的十六进制数字标识。"},"hostname":{"n":"hostname","p":"/hostname","d":"显示和设置系统的主机名"},"hostnamectl":{"n":"hostnamectl","p":"/hostnamectl","d":"查询或更改系统主机名"},"hping3":{"n":"hping3","p":"/hping3","d":"测试网络及主机的安全"},"htdigest":{"n":"htdigest","p":"/htdigest","d":"Apache服务器内置工具"},"htop":{"n":"htop","p":"/htop","d":"[非内部命令]一个互动的进程查看器，可以动态观察系统进程状况"},"htpasswd":{"n":"htpasswd","p":"/htpasswd","d":"apache服务器创建密码认证文件"},"hwclock":{"n":"hwclock","p":"/hwclock","d":"显示与设定硬件时钟"},"iconv":{"n":"iconv","p":"/iconv","d":"转换文件的编码方式"},"id":{"n":"id","p":"/id","d":"打印真实以及有效的用户和所在组的信息"},"ifcfg":{"n":"ifcfg","p":"/ifcfg","d":"置Linux中的网络接口参数"},"ifconfig":{"n":"ifconfig","p":"/ifconfig","d":"配置和显示Linux系统网卡的网络参数"},"ifdown":{"n":"ifdown","p":"/ifdown","d":"禁用指定的网络接口"},"ifstat":{"n":"ifstat","p":"/ifstat","d":"统计网络接口流量状态"},"iftop":{"n":"iftop","p":"/iftop","d":"一款实时流量监控工具"},"ifup":{"n":"ifup","p":"/ifup","d":"激活指定的网络接口"},"indent":{"n":"indent","p":"/indent","d":"格式化C语言的源文件"},"info":{"n":"info","p":"/info","d":"Linux下info格式的帮助指令"},"init":{"n":"init","p":"/init","d":"init进程是所有Linux进程的父进程"},"inotifywait":{"n":"inotifywait","p":"/inotifywait","d":"异步文件系统监控机制"},"insmod":{"n":"insmod","p":"/insmod","d":"将给定的模块加载到内核中"},"install":{"n":"install","p":"/install","d":"安装或升级软件或备份数据"},"iostat":{"n":"iostat","p":"/iostat","d":"监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况"},"iotop":{"n":"iotop","p":"/iotop","d":"用来监视磁盘I/O使用状况的工具"},"ip":{"n":"ip","p":"/ip","d":"网络配置工具"},"ip6tables-restore":{"n":"ip6tables-restore","p":"/ip6tables-restore","d":"还原ip6tables表"},"ip6tables-save":{"n":"ip6tables-save","p":"/ip6tables-save","d":"保存ip6tables表配置"},"ip6tables":{"n":"ip6tables","p":"/ip6tables","d":"linux中防火墙软件"},"ipcalc":{"n":"ipcalc","p":"/ipcalc","d":"简单的IP地址计算器"},"ipcrm":{"n":"ipcrm","p":"/ipcrm","d":"删除消息队列、信号集、或者共享内存标识"},"ipcs":{"n":"ipcs","p":"/ipcs","d":"分析消息队列共享内存和信号量"},"iperf":{"n":"iperf","p":"/iperf","d":"网络性能测试工具"},"iptables-restore":{"n":"iptables-restore","p":"/iptables-restore","d":"还原iptables表的配置"},"iptables-save":{"n":"iptables-save","p":"/iptables-save","d":"备份iptables的表配置"},"iptables":{"n":"iptables","p":"/iptables","d":"Linux上常用的防火墙软件"},"iptraf":{"n":"iptraf","p":"/iptraf","d":"实时地监视网卡流量"},"iptstate":{"n":"iptstate","p":"/iptstate","d":"显示iptables的工作状态"},"iscsiadm":{"n":"iscsiadm","p":"/iscsiadm","d":"管理iSCSI连接"},"ispell":{"n":"ispell","p":"/ispell","d":"检查文件中出现的拼写错误"},"jed":{"n":"jed","p":"/jed","d":"主要用于编辑代码的编辑器"},"jobs":{"n":"jobs","p":"/jobs","d":"显示作业的状态。"},"joe":{"n":"joe","p":"/joe","d":"强大的纯文本编辑器"},"join":{"n":"join","p":"/join","d":"两个文件中指定栏位内容相同的行连接起来"},"journalctl":{"n":"journalctl","p":"/journalctl","d":"检索 systemd 日志，是 CentOS 7 才有的工具。"},"jq":{"n":"jq","p":"/jq","d":"一个灵活的轻量级命令行JSON处理器"},"jwhois":{"n":"jwhois","p":"/jwhois","d":"whois 客户端服务"},"kernelversion":{"n":"kernelversion","p":"/kernelversion","d":"打印当前内核的主版本号"},"kexec":{"n":"kexec","p":"/kexec","d":"从当前正在运行的内核引导到一个新内核"},"kill":{"n":"kill","p":"/kill","d":"发送信号到进程。"},"killall":{"n":"killall","p":"/killall","d":"使用进程的名称来杀死一组进程"},"last":{"n":"last","p":"/last","d":"列出目前与过去登入系统的用户相关信息"},"lastb":{"n":"lastb","p":"/lastb","d":"列出登入系统失败的用户相关信息"},"lastlog":{"n":"lastlog","p":"/lastlog","d":"显示系统中所有用户最近一次登录信息"},"ld":{"n":"ld","p":"/ld","d":"将目标文件连接为可执行程序"},"ldconfig":{"n":"ldconfig","p":"/ldconfig","d":"动态链接库管理命令"},"ldd":{"n":"ldd","p":"/ldd","d":"打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表"},"less":{"n":"less","p":"/less","d":"分屏上下翻页浏览文件内容"},"let":{"n":"let","p":"/let","d":"简单的计算器，执行算术表达式。"},"lftp":{"n":"lftp","p":"/lftp","d":"优秀的文件客户端程序"},"lftpget":{"n":"lftpget","p":"/lftpget","d":"调用lftp指令下载指定的文件"},"lha":{"n":"lha","p":"/lha","d":"压缩或解压缩lzh格式文件"},"lilo":{"n":"lilo","p":"/lilo","d":"安装核心载入开机管理程序"},"ln":{"n":"ln","p":"/ln","d":"用来为文件创建链接"},"lnstat":{"n":"lnstat","p":"/lnstat","d":"显示Linux系统的网路状态"},"local":{"n":"local","p":"/local","d":"在函数内定义局部变量。"},"locate":{"n":"locate","p":"/locate","d":"比 find 好用的文件查找工具"},"logger":{"n":"logger","p":"/logger","d":"在系统日志中记录相应条目"},"login":{"n":"login","p":"/login","d":"登录系统或切换用户身份"},"logname":{"n":"logname","p":"/logname","d":"打印当前终端登录用户的名称。"},"logout":{"n":"logout","p":"/logout","d":"退出当前登录的Shell"},"logrotate":{"n":"logrotate","p":"/logrotate","d":"系统日志进行轮转、压缩和删除"},"logsave":{"n":"logsave","p":"/logsave","d":"将命令的输出信息保存到指定的日志文件"},"logwatch":{"n":"logwatch","p":"/logwatch","d":"可定制和可插入式的日志监视系统"},"look":{"n":"look","p":"/look","d":"显示文件中以指定字符串开头的任意行"},"losetup":{"n":"losetup","p":"/losetup","d":"设定与控制循环（loop）设备"},"lp":{"n":"lp","p":"/lp","d":"打印文件或修改排队的打印任务"},"lpadmin":{"n":"lpadmin","p":"/lpadmin","d":"配置CUPS套件中的打印机和类"},"lpc":{"n":"lpc","p":"/lpc","d":"命令行方式打印机控制程序"},"lpq":{"n":"lpq","p":"/lpq","d":"显示打印队列中的打印任务的状态信息"},"lpr":{"n":"lpr","p":"/lpr","d":"将文件发送给指定打印机进行打印"},"lprm":{"n":"lprm","p":"/lprm","d":"删除打印队列中的打印任务"},"lpstat":{"n":"lpstat","p":"/lpstat","d":"显示CUPS中打印机的状态信息"},"ls":{"n":"ls","p":"/ls","d":"显示目录内容列表"},"lsattr":{"n":"lsattr","p":"/lsattr","d":"查看文件的第二扩展文件系统属性"},"lsb_release":{"n":"lsb_release","p":"/lsb_release","d":"显示发行版本信息"},"lsblk":{"n":"lsblk","p":"/lsblk","d":"列出块设备信息"},"lscpu":{"n":"lscpu","p":"/lscpu","d":"显示有关CPU架构的信息"},"lsmod":{"n":"lsmod","p":"/lsmod","d":"显示已载入系统的模块"},"lsof":{"n":"lsof","p":"/lsof","d":"显示Linux系统当前已打开的所有文件列表 `lsof -p pid`"},"lspci":{"n":"lspci","p":"/lspci","d":"显示当前主机的所有PCI总线信息"},"lsusb":{"n":"lsusb","p":"/lsusb","d":"显示本机的USB设备列表信息"},"ltrace":{"n":"ltrace","p":"/ltrace","d":"用来跟踪进程调用库函数的情况"},"lvcreate":{"n":"lvcreate","p":"/lvcreate","d":"用于创建LVM的逻辑卷"},"lvdisplay":{"n":"lvdisplay","p":"/lvdisplay","d":"显示逻辑卷属性"},"lvextend":{"n":"lvextend","p":"/lvextend","d":"扩展逻辑卷空间"},"lvreduce":{"n":"lvreduce","p":"/lvreduce","d":"收缩逻辑卷空间"},"lvremove":{"n":"lvremove","p":"/lvremove","d":"删除指定LVM逻辑卷"},"lvresize":{"n":"lvresize","p":"/lvresize","d":"调整逻辑卷空间大小"},"lvscan":{"n":"lvscan","p":"/lvscan","d":"扫描逻辑卷"},"lynx":{"n":"lynx","p":"/lynx","d":"纯文本模式的网页浏览器"},"mail":{"n":"mail","p":"/mail","d":"命令行下发送和接收电子邮件"},"mailq":{"n":"mailq","p":"/mailq","d":"显示待发送的邮件队列"},"mailstat":{"n":"mailstat","p":"/mailstat","d":"显示到达的邮件状态"},"make":{"n":"make","p":"/make","d":"GNU的工程化编译工具"},"man":{"n":"man","p":"/man","d":"查看Linux中的指令帮助"},"mapfile":{"n":"mapfile","p":"/mapfile","d":"从标准输入读取行并赋值到数组。"},"md5sum":{"n":"md5sum","p":"/md5sum","d":"计算和校验文件报文摘要的工具程序"},"mesg":{"n":"mesg","p":"/mesg","d":"设置当前终端的写权限"},"mii-tool":{"n":"mii-tool","p":"/mii-tool","d":"配置网络设备协商方式的工具"},"mkbootdisk":{"n":"mkbootdisk","p":"/mkbootdisk","d":"可建立目前系统的启动盘"},"mkcert":{"n":"mkcert","p":"/mkcert","d":"用来生成自签证书的工具"},"mkdir":{"n":"mkdir","p":"/mkdir","d":"用来创建目录"},"mke2fs":{"n":"mke2fs","p":"/mke2fs","d":"创建磁盘分区上的“etc2/etc3”文件系统"},"mkfs":{"n":"mkfs","p":"/mkfs","d":"用于在设备上创建Linux文件系统"},"mkinitrd":{"n":"mkinitrd","p":"/mkinitrd","d":"建立要载入ramdisk的映像文件"},"mkisofs":{"n":"mkisofs","p":"/mkisofs","d":"建立ISO 9660映像文件"},"mknod":{"n":"mknod","p":"/mknod","d":"创建字符设备文件和块设备文件"},"mkswap":{"n":"mkswap","p":"/mkswap","d":"建立和设置SWAP交换分区"},"mktemp":{"n":"mktemp","p":"/mktemp","d":"创建临时文件供shell脚本使用"},"modetest":{"n":"modetest","p":"/modetest","d":"DRM/KMS驱动程序libdrm中的模式测试工具"},"modinfo":{"n":"modinfo","p":"/modinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"modprobe":{"n":"modprobe","p":"/modprobe","d":"自动处理可载入模块"},"more":{"n":"more","p":"/more","d":"显示文件内容，每次显示一屏"},"mount":{"n":"mount","p":"/mount","d":"用于挂载Linux系统外的文件"},"mpstat":{"n":"mpstat","p":"/mpstat","d":"显示各个可用CPU的状态"},"mtools":{"n":"mtools","p":"/mtools","d":"显示mtools支持的指令"},"mtr":{"n":"mtr","p":"/mtr","d":"`mtr` 结合了 `traceroute` 和 `ping` 程序的功能，是一款简单的网络诊断工具"},"mv":{"n":"mv","p":"/mv","d":"用来对文件或目录重新命名"},"mysql":{"n":"mysql","p":"/mysql","d":"MySQL服务器客户端工具"},"mysqladmin":{"n":"mysqladmin","p":"/mysqladmin","d":"MySQL服务器管理客户端"},"mysqldump":{"n":"mysqldump","p":"/mysqldump","d":"MySQL数据库中备份工具"},"mysqlimport":{"n":"mysqlimport","p":"/mysqlimport","d":"为MySQL服务器用命令行方式导入数据"},"mysqlshow":{"n":"mysqlshow","p":"/mysqlshow","d":"显示MySQL中数据库相关信息"},"named-checkzone":{"n":"named-checkzone","p":"/named-checkzone","d":"使用 named-checkzone 可验证并转换区域文件，需指定区域名和文件名。"},"nano":{"n":"nano","p":"/nano","d":"字符终端文本编辑器"},"nc":{"n":"nc","p":"/nc","d":"nc是网络工具中的瑞士军刀"},"ncftp":{"n":"ncftp","p":"/ncftp","d":"是增强的的FTP工具"},"neofetch":{"n":"neofetch","p":"/neofetch","d":"显示带有发行徽标的系统信息的工具"},"nethogs":{"n":"nethogs","p":"/nethogs","d":"终端下的网络流量监控工具"},"netstat":{"n":"netstat","p":"/netstat","d":"查看Linux中网络系统状态信息"},"newusers":{"n":"newusers","p":"/newusers","d":"用于批处理的方式一次创建多个命令"},"nfsstat":{"n":"nfsstat","p":"/nfsstat","d":"列出NFS客户端和服务器的工作状态"},"ngrep":{"n":"ngrep","p":"/ngrep","d":"方便的数据包匹配和显示工具"},"nice":{"n":"nice","p":"/nice","d":"调整程序执行的优先权等级"},"nisdomainname":{"n":"nisdomainname","p":"/nisdomainname","d":"显示主机NIS的域名"},"nl":{"n":"nl","p":"/nl","d":"为每一个文件添加行号。"},"nm":{"n":"nm","p":"/nm","d":"显示二进制目标文件的符号表"},"nmap":{"n":"nmap","p":"/nmap","d":"网络探测和安全审核"},"nmcli":{"n":"nmcli","p":"/nmcli","d":"地址配置工具"},"nohup":{"n":"nohup","p":"/nohup","d":"将程序以忽略挂起信号的方式运行起来"},"nologin":{"n":"nologin","p":"/nologin","d":"拒绝用户登录系统"},"nproc":{"n":"nproc","p":"/nproc","d":"打印可用的处理器单元数量。"},"nslookup":{"n":"nslookup","p":"/nslookup","d":"查询域名DNS信息的工具"},"nstat":{"n":"nstat","p":"/nstat","d":"nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。"},"ntpdate":{"n":"ntpdate","p":"/ntpdate","d":"使用网络计时协议（NTP）设置日期和时间"},"ntsysv":{"n":"ntsysv","p":"/ntsysv","d":"集中管理系统的各种服务"},"objdump":{"n":"objdump","p":"/objdump","d":"显示二进制文件信息"},"od":{"n":"od","p":"/od","d":"输出文件的八进制、十六进制等格式编码的字节"},"openssl":{"n":"openssl","p":"/openssl","d":"强大的安全套接字层密码库"},"pacman":{"n":"pacman","p":"/pacman","d":"Arch Linux 系统及其衍生系统中默认使用的包管理器"},"parted":{"n":"parted","p":"/parted","d":"磁盘分区和分区大小调整工具"},"partprobe":{"n":"partprobe","p":"/partprobe","d":"不重启的情况下重读分区"},"passwd":{"n":"passwd","p":"/passwd","d":"用于让用户可以更改自己的密码"},"paste":{"n":"paste","p":"/paste","d":"将多个文件按列队列合并"},"patch":{"n":"patch","p":"/patch","d":"为开放源代码软件安装补丁程序"},"pathchk":{"n":"pathchk","p":"/pathchk","d":"检查文件中不可移植的部分"},"perl":{"n":"perl","p":"/perl","d":"perl语言解释器"},"pfctl":{"n":"pfctl","p":"/pfctl","d":"PF防火墙的配置命令"},"pgrep":{"n":"pgrep","p":"/pgrep","d":"根据用户给出的信息在当前运行进程中查找并列出符合条件的进程ID（PID）"},"php":{"n":"php","p":"/php","d":"PHP语言的命令行接口"},"pico":{"n":"pico","p":"/pico","d":"功能强大全屏幕的文本编辑器"},"pidof":{"n":"pidof","p":"/pidof","d":"查找指定名称的进程的进程号ID号"},"pidstat":{"n":"pidstat","p":"/pidstat","d":"监控进程的系统资源占用情况"},"pigz":{"n":"pigz","p":"/pigz","d":"可以用来解压缩文件，gzip的并行实现升级版"},"ping":{"n":"ping","p":"/ping","d":"测试主机之间网络的连通性(ipv4)"},"ping6":{"n":"ping6","p":"/ping6","d":"测试主机之间网络的连通性(ipv6)"},"pip":{"n":"pip","p":"/pip","d":"Python 编程语言中的包管理器，用于安装和管理第三方 Python 模块"},"pkexec":{"n":"pkexec","p":"/pkexec","d":"以其他用户身份执行命令"},"pkill":{"n":"pkill","p":"/pkill","d":"可以按照进程名杀死进程"},"pmap":{"n":"pmap","p":"/pmap","d":"报告进程的内存映射关系"},"popd":{"n":"popd","p":"/popd","d":"从目录堆栈中删除目录。"},"poweroff":{"n":"poweroff","p":"/poweroff","d":"关闭Linux系统，关闭记录会被写入到/var/log/wtmp日志文件中"},"ppp-off":{"n":"ppp-off","p":"/ppp-off","d":"关闭ppp连线"},"pr":{"n":"pr","p":"/pr","d":"将文本文件转换成适合打印的格式"},"printf":{"n":"printf","p":"/printf","d":"格式化并输出结果。"},"protoize":{"n":"protoize","p":"/protoize","d":"GNU-C代码转换为ANSI-C代码"},"prtstat":{"n":"prtstat","p":"/prtstat","d":"显示进程信息"},"ps":{"n":"ps","p":"/ps","d":"报告当前系统的进程状态"},"pssh":{"n":"pssh","p":"/pssh","d":"批量管理执行"},"pstack":{"n":"pstack","p":"/pstack","d":"显示每个进程的栈跟踪"},"pstree":{"n":"pstree","p":"/pstree","d":"以树状图的方式展现进程之间的派生关系"},"pushd":{"n":"pushd","p":"/pushd","d":"将目录添加到目录堆栈顶部。"},"pv":{"n":"pv","p":"/pv","d":"显示当前在命令行执行的命令的进度信息，管道查看器"},"pvchange":{"n":"pvchange","p":"/pvchange","d":"修改物理卷属性"},"pvck":{"n":"pvck","p":"/pvck","d":"检测物理卷的LVM元数据的一致性"},"pvcreate":{"n":"pvcreate","p":"/pvcreate","d":"将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷"},"pvdisplay":{"n":"pvdisplay","p":"/pvdisplay","d":"显示物理卷的属性"},"pvremove":{"n":"pvremove","p":"/pvremove","d":"删除一个存在的物理卷"},"pvs":{"n":"pvs","p":"/pvs","d":"输出物理卷信息报表"},"pvscan":{"n":"pvscan","p":"/pvscan","d":"扫描系统中所有硬盘的物理卷列表"},"pwck":{"n":"pwck","p":"/pwck","d":"用来验证系统认证文件内容和格式的完整性"},"pwconv":{"n":"pwconv","p":"/pwconv","d":"用来开启用户的投影密码"},"pwd":{"n":"pwd","p":"/pwd","d":"显示当前工作目录的绝对路径。"},"pwdx":{"n":"pwdx","p":"/pwdx","d":"用于显示指定进程的当前工作目录"},"pwunconv":{"n":"pwunconv","p":"/pwunconv","d":"用来关闭用户的投影密码"},"quota":{"n":"quota","p":"/quota","d":"显示磁盘已使用的空间与限制"},"quotacheck":{"n":"quotacheck","p":"/quotacheck","d":"检查磁盘的使用空间与限制"},"quotaoff":{"n":"quotaoff","p":"/quotaoff","d":"关闭Linux内核中指定文件系统的磁盘配额功能"},"quotaon":{"n":"quotaon","p":"/quotaon","d":"激活Linux内核中指定文件系统的磁盘配额功能"},"rcconf":{"n":"rcconf","p":"/rcconf","d":"Debian Linux下的运行等级服务配置工具"},"rcp":{"n":"rcp","p":"/rcp","d":"使在两台Linux主机之间的文件复制操作更简单"},"read":{"n":"read","p":"/read","d":"从键盘读取变量值"},"readelf":{"n":"readelf","p":"/readelf","d":"用于显示elf格式文件的信息"},"readonly":{"n":"readonly","p":"/readonly","d":"标记shell变量或函数为只读"},"reboot":{"n":"reboot","p":"/reboot","d":"重新启动正在运行的Linux操作系统"},"reject":{"n":"reject","p":"/reject","d":"指示打印系统拒绝发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"rename":{"n":"rename","p":"/rename","d":"用字符串替换的方式批量改变文件名"},"renice":{"n":"renice","p":"/renice","d":"修改正在运行的进程的调度优先级"},"reposync":{"n":"reposync","p":"/reposync","d":"同步yum存储库到本地目录"},"repquota":{"n":"repquota","p":"/repquota","d":"报表的格式输出磁盘空间限制的状态"},"resize":{"n":"resize","p":"/resize","d":"命令设置终端机视窗的大小"},"restore":{"n":"restore","p":"/restore","d":"所进行的操作和dump指令相反"},"restorecon":{"n":"restorecon","p":"/restorecon","d":"恢复文件的安全上下文"},"return":{"n":"return","p":"/return","d":"从函数中退出并返回数值。"},"rev":{"n":"rev","p":"/rev","d":"将文件内容以字符为单位反序输出"},"rexec":{"n":"rexec","p":"/rexec","d":"远程执行Linux系统下命令"},"rlogin":{"n":"rlogin","p":"/rlogin","d":"从当前终端登录到远程Linux主机"},"rm":{"n":"rm","p":"/rm","d":"用于删除给定的文件和目录"},"rmdir":{"n":"rmdir","p":"/rmdir","d":"用来删除空目录"},"rmmod":{"n":"rmmod","p":"/rmmod","d":"从运行的内核中移除指定的内核模块"},"route":{"n":"route","p":"/route","d":"显示并设置Linux中静态路由表"},"rpm":{"n":"rpm","p":"/rpm","d":"RPM软件包的管理工具"},"rpm2cpio":{"n":"rpm2cpio","p":"/rpm2cpio","d":"将RPM软件包转换为cpio格式的文件"},"rpmbuild":{"n":"rpmbuild","p":"/rpmbuild","d":"创建RPM的二进制软件包和源码软件包"},"rpmdb":{"n":"rpmdb","p":"/rpmdb","d":"初始化和重建RPM数据库"},"rpmquery":{"n":"rpmquery","p":"/rpmquery","d":"从RPM数据库中查询软件包信息"},"rpmsign":{"n":"rpmsign","p":"/rpmsign","d":"使用RPM软件包的签名管理工具"},"rpmverify":{"n":"rpmverify","p":"/rpmverify","d":"验证已安装的RPM软件包的正确性"},"rsh":{"n":"rsh","p":"/rsh","d":"连接远程主机并执行命令"},"rsync":{"n":"rsync","p":"/rsync","d":"远程数据同步工具"},"runlevel":{"n":"runlevel","p":"/runlevel","d":"打印当前Linux系统的运行等级"},"sar":{"n":"sar","p":"/sar","d":"系统运行状态统计工具"},"scp":{"n":"scp","p":"/scp","d":"加密的方式在本地主机和远程主机之间复制文件"},"screen":{"n":"screen","p":"/screen","d":"用于命令行终端切换"},"script":{"n":"script","p":"/script","d":"记录终端会话的所有操作"},"scriptreplay":{"n":"scriptreplay","p":"/scriptreplay","d":"重新播放终端会话的所有操作"},"sed":{"n":"sed","p":"/sed","d":"功能强大的流式文本编辑器"},"seinfo":{"n":"seinfo","p":"/seinfo","d":"查询SELinux的策略提供多少相关规则"},"semanage":{"n":"semanage","p":"/semanage","d":"默认目录的安全上下文查询与修改"},"sendmail":{"n":"sendmail","p":"/sendmail","d":"著名电子邮件服务器"},"seq":{"n":"seq","p":"/seq","d":"以指定增量从首数开始打印数字到尾数"},"service":{"n":"service","p":"/service","d":"控制系统服务的实用工具"},"sesearch":{"n":"sesearch","p":"/sesearch","d":"查询SELinux策略的规则详情"},"set":{"n":"set","p":"/set","d":"显示或设置shell特性及shell变量"},"setfacl":{"n":"setfacl","p":"/setfacl","d":"设置文件访问控制列表"},"setpci":{"n":"setpci","p":"/setpci","d":"查询和配置PCI设备的使用工具"},"setsebool":{"n":"setsebool","p":"/setsebool","d":"修改SElinux策略内各项规则的布尔值"},"setsid":{"n":"setsid","p":"/setsid","d":"在新的会话中运行程序"},"sftp-server":{"n":"sftp-server","p":"/sftp-server","d":"sftp协议的服务器端程序"},"sftp":{"n":"sftp","p":"/sftp","d":"交互式的文件传输程序"},"sh":{"n":"sh","p":"/sh","d":"shell命令解释器"},"sha256sum":{"n":"sha256sum","p":"/sha256sum","d":"用于计算文件的 SHA-256 哈希值"},"shift":{"n":"shift","p":"/shift","d":"移动位置参数。"},"shopt":{"n":"shopt","p":"/shopt","d":"显示和设置shell操作选项"},"showmount":{"n":"showmount","p":"/showmount","d":"显示NFS服务器加载的信息"},"shuf":{"n":"shuf","p":"/shuf","d":"产生随机的排列。"},"shutdown":{"n":"shutdown","p":"/shutdown","d":"用来执行系统关机的命令"},"skill":{"n":"skill","p":"/skill","d":"向选定的进程发送信号冻结进程"},"slabtop":{"n":"slabtop","p":"/slabtop","d":"实时显示内核slab内存缓存信息"},"sleep":{"n":"sleep","p":"/sleep","d":"将目前动作延迟一段时间"},"slocate":{"n":"slocate","p":"/slocate","d":"命令查找文件或目录"},"smartmontools":{"n":"smartmontools","p":"/smartmontools","d":"Smartmontools 是一种硬盘检测工具，通过控制和管理硬盘的SMART（Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology，自动检测分析及报告技术）技术来实现的"},"smbclient":{"n":"smbclient","p":"/smbclient","d":"交互方式访问samba服务器"},"smbpasswd":{"n":"smbpasswd","p":"/smbpasswd","d":"samba用户和密码管理工具"},"sort":{"n":"sort","p":"/sort","d":"对文本文件中所有行进行排序。"},"sosreport":{"n":"sosreport","p":"/sosreport","d":"收集系统配置和诊断信息"},"source":{"n":"source","p":"/source","d":"在当前Shell环境中从指定文件读取和执行命令。"},"speedtest-cli":{"n":"speedtest-cli","p":"/speedtest-cli","d":"命令行下测试服务器外网速度"},"spell":{"n":"spell","p":"/spell","d":"对文件进行拼写检查"},"split":{"n":"split","p":"/split","d":"分割任意大小的文件"},"squid":{"n":"squid","p":"/squid","d":"squid服务器守护进程"},"squidclient":{"n":"squidclient","p":"/squidclient","d":"squid服务器的客户端管理工具"},"ss":{"n":"ss","p":"/ss","d":"比 netstat 好用的socket统计信息，iproute2 包附带的另一个工具，允许你查询 socket 的有关统计信息"},"ssh-add":{"n":"ssh-add","p":"/ssh-add","d":"把专用密钥添加到ssh-agent的高速缓存中"},"ssh-agent":{"n":"ssh-agent","p":"/ssh-agent","d":"ssh密钥管理器"},"ssh-copy-id":{"n":"ssh-copy-id","p":"/ssh-copy-id","d":"把本地的ssh公钥文件安装到远程主机对应的账户下"},"ssh-keygen":{"n":"ssh-keygen","p":"/ssh-keygen","d":"为ssh生成、管理和转换认证密钥"},"ssh-keyscan":{"n":"ssh-keyscan","p":"/ssh-keyscan","d":"收集主机公钥的使用工具"},"ssh":{"n":"ssh","p":"/ssh","d":"openssh套件中的客户端连接工具"},"sshd":{"n":"sshd","p":"/sshd","d":"openssh软件套件中的服务器守护进程"},"sshpass":{"n":"sshpass","p":"/sshpass","d":"免交互 SSH 登录工具。"},"startx":{"n":"startx","p":"/startx","d":"用来启动X Window"},"stat":{"n":"stat","p":"/stat","d":"用于显示文件的状态信息"},"strace":{"n":"strace","p":"/strace","d":"跟踪系统调用和信号"},"strings":{"n":"strings","p":"/strings","d":"在对象文件或二进制文件中查找可打印的字符串"},"stty":{"n":"stty","p":"/stty","d":"修改终端命令行的相关设置"},"su":{"n":"su","p":"/su","d":"用于切换当前用户身份到其他用户身份"},"sudo":{"n":"sudo","p":"/sudo","d":"以其他身份来执行命令"},"sum":{"n":"sum","p":"/sum","d":"计算文件的校验码和显示块数"},"supervisord":{"n":"supervisord","p":"/supervisord","d":"配置后台服务/常驻进程的进程管家工具"},"suspend":{"n":"suspend","p":"/suspend","d":"挂起shell的执行。"},"swapoff":{"n":"swapoff","p":"/swapoff","d":"关闭指定的交换空间"},"swapon":{"n":"swapon","p":"/swapon","d":"激活Linux系统中交换空间"},"sync":{"n":"sync","p":"/sync","d":"用于强制被改变的内容立刻写入磁盘"},"sysctl":{"n":"sysctl","p":"/sysctl","d":"时动态地修改内核的运行参数"},"syslog":{"n":"syslog","p":"/syslog","d":"系统默认的日志守护进程"},"systemctl":{"n":"systemctl","p":"/systemctl","d":"系统服务管理器指令"},"systool":{"n":"systool","p":"/systool","d":"显示基于总线、类和拓扑显示系统中设备的信息"},"tac":{"n":"tac","p":"/tac","d":"连接多个文件并以行为单位反向打印到标准输出。"},"tail":{"n":"tail","p":"/tail","d":"在屏幕上显示指定文件的末尾若干行"},"tailf":{"n":"tailf","p":"/tailf","d":"在屏幕上显示指定文件的末尾若干行内容，通常用于日志文件的跟踪输出"},"talk":{"n":"talk","p":"/talk","d":"让用户和其他用户聊天"},"tar":{"n":"tar","p":"/tar","d":"将许多文件一起保存至一个单独的磁带或磁盘归档，并能从归档中单独还原所需文件。"},"tcpdump":{"n":"tcpdump","p":"/tcpdump","d":"一款sniffer工具，是Linux上的抓包工具，嗅探器"},"tcpreplay":{"n":"tcpreplay","p":"/tcpreplay","d":"将保存在 PCAP 文件包重新发送，用于性能或者功能测试"},"tee":{"n":"tee","p":"/tee","d":"从标准输入读取数据并重定向到标准输出和文件。"},"telinit":{"n":"telinit","p":"/telinit","d":"切换当前正在运行系统的运行等级"},"telnet":{"n":"telnet","p":"/telnet","d":"登录远程主机和管理(测试ip端口是否连通)"},"tempfile":{"n":"tempfile","p":"/tempfile","d":"shell中给临时文件命名"},"test":{"n":"test","p":"/test","d":"执行条件表达式。"},"tftp":{"n":"tftp","p":"/tftp","d":"在本机和tftp服务器之间使用TFTP协议传输文件"},"time":{"n":"time","p":"/time","d":"统计给定命令所花费的总时间"},"timedatectl":{"n":"timedatectl","p":"/timedatectl","d":"用于在 Linux 中设置或查询系统时间、日期和时区等配置。"},"times":{"n":"times","p":"/times","d":"显示进程累计时间。"},"tload":{"n":"tload","p":"/tload","d":"显示系统负载状况"},"tmux":{"n":"tmux","p":"/tmux","d":"Tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件，类似GNU Screen，但来自于OpenBSD，采用BSD授权"},"top":{"n":"top","p":"/top","d":"显示或管理执行中的程序"},"touch":{"n":"touch","p":"/touch","d":"创建新的空文件"},"tput":{"n":"tput","p":"/tput","d":"通过terminfo数据库对终端会话进行初始化和操作"},"tr":{"n":"tr","p":"/tr","d":"将字符进行替换压缩和删除"},"tracepath":{"n":"tracepath","p":"/tracepath","d":"追踪目的主机经过的路由信息"},"traceroute":{"n":"traceroute","p":"/traceroute","d":"显示数据包到主机间的路径"},"trap":{"n":"trap","p":"/trap","d":"捕捉信号和其他事件并执行命令。"},"tree":{"n":"tree","p":"/tree","d":"树状图列出目录的内容"},"true":{"n":"true","p":"/true","d":"返回状态为成功。"},"tty":{"n":"tty","p":"/tty","d":"显示连接到当前标准输入的终端设备文件名"},"type":{"n":"type","p":"/type","d":"显示指定命令的类型。"},"ufw":{"n":"ufw","p":"/ufw","d":" ubuntu防火墙管理工具"},"ulimit":{"n":"ulimit","p":"/ulimit","d":"控制shell程序的资源"},"umask":{"n":"umask","p":"/umask","d":"显示或设置创建文件的权限掩码。"},"umount":{"n":"umount","p":"/umount","d":"用于卸载已经加载的文件系统"},"unalias":{"n":"unalias","p":"/unalias","d":"删除由alias设置的别名"},"uname":{"n":"uname","p":"/uname","d":"打印系统信息。"},"unarj":{"n":"unarj","p":"/unarj","d":"解压缩由arj命令创建的压缩包"},"uncompress":{"n":"uncompress","p":"/uncompress","d":"用来解压.Z文件"},"unexpand":{"n":"unexpand","p":"/unexpand","d":"将文件的空白字符转换为制表符"},"uniq":{"n":"uniq","p":"/uniq","d":"显示或忽略重复的行。"},"unlink":{"n":"unlink","p":"/unlink","d":"系统调用函数unlink去删除指定的文件"},"unprotoize":{"n":"unprotoize","p":"/unprotoize","d":"删除C语言源代码文件中的函数原型"},"unrar":{"n":"unrar","p":"/unrar","d":"解压rar文件命令，从 rar 压缩包中提取文件"},"unset":{"n":"unset","p":"/unset","d":"删除指定的shell变量或函数。"},"unzip":{"n":"unzip","p":"/unzip","d":"用于解压缩由zip命令压缩的压缩包"},"updatedb":{"n":"updatedb","p":"/updatedb","d":"创建或更新slocate命令所必需的数据库文件"},"uptime":{"n":"uptime","p":"/uptime","d":"查看Linux系统负载信息"},"useradd":{"n":"useradd","p":"/useradd","d":"创建的新的系统用户"},"userdel":{"n":"userdel","p":"/userdel","d":"用于删除给定的用户以及与用户相关的文件"},"usermod":{"n":"usermod","p":"/usermod","d":"用于修改用户的基本信息"},"usernetctl":{"n":"usernetctl","p":"/usernetctl","d":"被允许时操作指定的网络接口"},"users":{"n":"users","p":"/users","d":"打印当前主机所有登陆用户的名称。"},"uucico":{"n":"uucico","p":"/uucico","d":"UUCP文件传输服务程序"},"uupick":{"n":"uupick","p":"/uupick","d":"命令处理传送进来的文件"},"uuto":{"n":"uuto","p":"/uuto","d":"将文件传送到远端的UUCP主机"},"vdfuse":{"n":"vdfuse","p":"/vdfuse","d":"VirtualBox软件挂载VDI分区文件工具"},"vgchange":{"n":"vgchange","p":"/vgchange","d":"修改卷组属性"},"vgconvert":{"n":"vgconvert","p":"/vgconvert","d":"转换卷组元数据格式"},"vgcreate":{"n":"vgcreate","p":"/vgcreate","d":"用于创建LVM卷组"},"vgdisplay":{"n":"vgdisplay","p":"/vgdisplay","d":"显示LVM卷组的信息"},"vgextend":{"n":"vgextend","p":"/vgextend","d":"向卷组中添加物理卷"},"vgreduce":{"n":"vgreduce","p":"/vgreduce","d":"从卷组中删除物理卷"},"vgremove":{"n":"vgremove","p":"/vgremove","d":"用于用户删除LVM卷组"},"vgrename":{"n":"vgrename","p":"/vgrename","d":"使用vgrename命令可以重命名卷组的名称"},"vgscan":{"n":"vgscan","p":"/vgscan","d":"扫描并显示系统中的卷组"},"vi":{"n":"vi","p":"/vi","d":"功能强大的纯文本编辑器"},"vmstat":{"n":"vmstat","p":"/vmstat","d":"显示虚拟内存状态"},"volname":{"n":"volname","p":"/volname","d":"显示指定的ISO-9660格式的设备的卷名称"},"w":{"n":"w","p":"/w","d":"显示目前登入系统的用户信息"},"wait":{"n":"wait","p":"/wait","d":"等待进程执行完后返回"},"wall":{"n":"wall","p":"/wall","d":"向系统当前所有打开的终端上输出信息"},"watch":{"n":"watch","p":"/watch","d":"可以将命令的输出结果输出到标准输出设备，多用于周期性执行命令/定时执行命令"},"wc":{"n":"wc","p":"/wc","d":"统计文件的字节数、字数、行数"},"wget":{"n":"wget","p":"/wget","d":"Linux系统下载文件工具"},"whatis":{"n":"whatis","p":"/whatis","d":"查询一个命令执行什么功能"},"whereis":{"n":"whereis","p":"/whereis","d":"查找二进制程序、代码等相关文件路径"},"which":{"n":"which","p":"/which","d":"查找并显示给定命令的绝对路径"},"who":{"n":"who","p":"/who","d":"显示当前所有登陆用户的信息。"},"whoami":{"n":"whoami","p":"/whoami","d":"打印当前有效的用户ID对应的名称"},"write":{"n":"write","p":"/write","d":"向指定登录用户终端上发送信息"},"xargs":{"n":"xargs","p":"/xargs","d":"给其他命令传递参数的一个过滤器"},"xauth":{"n":"xauth","p":"/xauth","d":"显示和编辑被用于连接X服务器的认证信息"},"xclip":{"n":"xclip","p":"/xclip","d":"管理 X 粘贴板"},"xhost":{"n":"xhost","p":"/xhost","d":"制哪些X客户端能够在X服务器上显示"},"xinit":{"n":"xinit","p":"/xinit","d":"是Linux下X-Window系统的初始化程序"},"xlsatoms":{"n":"xlsatoms","p":"/xlsatoms","d":"列出X服务器内部所有定义的原子成分"},"xlsclients":{"n":"xlsclients","p":"/xlsclients","d":"列出显示器中的客户端应用程序"},"xlsfonts":{"n":"xlsfonts","p":"/xlsfonts","d":"列出X Server使用的字体"},"xrandr":{"n":"xrandr","p":"/xrandr","d":"X 窗口系统配置管理工具"},"xset":{"n":"xset","p":"/xset","d":"设置X-Window系统中的用户爱好的实用工具"},"xz":{"n":"xz","p":"/xz","d":"POSIX 平台开发具有高压缩率的工具"},"yes":{"n":"yes","p":"/yes","d":"重复打印指定字符串"},"ypdomainname":{"n":"ypdomainname","p":"/ypdomainname","d":"显示主机的NIS的域名"},"yum":{"n":"yum","p":"/yum","d":"基于RPM的软件包管理器"},"zcat":{"n":"zcat","p":"/zcat","d":"显示压缩包中文件的内容"},"zfore":{"n":"zfore","p":"/zfore","d":"强制为gzip格式的压缩文件添加.gz后缀"},"zip":{"n":"zip","p":"/zip","d":"可以用来解压缩文件"},"zipinfo":{"n":"zipinfo","p":"/zipinfo","d":"用来列出压缩文件信息"},"zipsplit":{"n":"zipsplit","p":"/zipsplit","d":"将较大的zip压缩包分割成各个较小的压缩包"},"znew":{"n":"znew","p":"/znew","d":"将.Z压缩包重新转化为gzip命令压缩的.gz压缩包"}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8bba58fe3ac..79777a2abe4 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
{
"name": "linux-command",
- "version": "1.19.1",
+ "version": "1.21.0",
"description": "Linux Command",
"homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/",
"main": "dist/data.json",
diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 3a73c8c7702..cee1fe8e3c2 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
贡献者列表
-
+
+
@@ -18,42 +19,47 @@
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
@@ -63,28 +69,30 @@
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -93,7 +101,7 @@
-
+
@@ -104,6 +112,7 @@
+
@@ -111,72 +120,124 @@
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
- 数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。
+ 数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用 action-contributors 创建。
+
镜像网站
+
+
魔改网站
+
<%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %>
<%- include('partial/footer'); %>
diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index f0cb0b04db5..5f5acde1a7c 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -171,6 +171,9 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
&.home {
border-top 0
}
+ div {
+ font-size 12px
+ }
}
.header.home {
.header_inner {
@@ -282,6 +285,17 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
a {
font-weight: bold;
}
+ .links {
+ display: inline-flex;
+ flex-wrap: wrap;
+ }
+ .links a {
+ background: var(--color-theme-bg);
+ height: 2.1rem;
+ border-radius: 0.3rem;
+ gap: 0.1rem;
+ padding: 0rem 0.5rem 0rem 0.4rem;
+ }
}
@media mq-mobile {
diff --git a/template/widget/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs
index 966863110a6..9da12da4d87 100644
--- a/template/widget/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs
@@ -11,10 +11,16 @@
打赏捐赠 |
Github |
短地址：https://git.io/linux
-
- 收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d
-
共搜集到
-
- <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
- 个Linux命令，超过 50+ 贡献者
+
+ 收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d
+
+ 共搜集到
+
+ <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
+ 个Linux命令，超过
50+ 贡献者
+
+
+