|
| 1 | +## 前言 |
| 2 | +反转链表是程序员必备的基本素养,经常在面试、笔试的过程中出现。一直觉得反转链表实现代码不是很好理解,决定搬leetcode那道经典反转链表题出来,用十多张图去解析它,希望加深大家对链表反转的理解,谢谢阅读。 |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | +### leetcode的反转链表原题&答案 |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +**题目描述:** 反转一个单链表。 |
| 7 | +``` |
| 8 | +输入: 1->2->3->4->5->NULL |
| 9 | +输出: 5->4->3->2->1->NULL |
| 10 | +``` |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +**分析:** |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +假设存在链表 1 → 2 → 3 → Ø,我们想要把它改成 Ø ← 1 ← 2 ← 3。 |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +在遍历列表时,将当前节点的 next 指针改为指向前一个元素。由于节点没有引用其上一个节点,因此必须事先存储其前一个元素。在更改引用之前,还需要另一个指针来存储下一个节点。不要忘记在最后返回新的头引用! |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +**代码实现:** |
| 19 | +``` |
| 20 | +public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) { |
| 21 | + ListNode prev = null; |
| 22 | + ListNode curr = head; |
| 23 | + while (curr != null) { |
| 24 | + ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; |
| 25 | + curr.next = prev; |
| 26 | + prev = curr; |
| 27 | + curr = nextTemp; |
| 28 | + } |
| 29 | + return prev; |
| 30 | +} |
| 31 | +``` |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +### 图解链表反转代码的实现 |
| 34 | +接下来,我们图解以上代码实现,先对以上实现代码加上行号,如下: |
| 35 | +``` |
| 36 | +public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) { //1 |
| 37 | + ListNode prev = null; // 2 |
| 38 | + ListNode curr = head; // 3 |
| 39 | + while (curr != null) { //4 |
| 40 | + ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; //5 |
| 41 | + curr.next = prev; // 6 |
| 42 | + prev = curr; //7 |
| 43 | + curr = nextTemp; //8 |
| 44 | + } |
| 45 | + return prev; //9 |
| 46 | +} |
| 47 | +``` |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +#### 第一行代码图解 |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +``` |
| 52 | +public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) { //1 |
| 53 | +``` |
| 54 | +我们顺着题目描述意思,假设链表就有1、2、3个元素吧,后面还跟着一个null,又因为输入是ListNode head,所以这个即将要反转的链表如下: |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | +#### 第二行代码图解 |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +``` |
| 61 | +ListNode prev = null; // 2 |
| 62 | +``` |
| 63 | +将null赋值给prev,即prev指向null,可得图如下: |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +#### 第三行代码图解 |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +``` |
| 69 | +ListNode curr = head; |
| 70 | +``` |
| 71 | +将链表head赋值给curr,即curr指向head链表,可得图如下: |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +#### 循环部分代码图解 |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +``` |
| 79 | + while (curr != null) { //4 |
| 80 | + ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; //5 |
| 81 | + curr.next = prev; // 6 |
| 82 | + prev = curr; //7 |
| 83 | + curr = nextTemp; //8 |
| 84 | + } |
| 85 | +``` |
| 86 | +循环部分是**链表反转的核心**部分,我们先走一遍循环,图解分析一波。 |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +因为**curr指向了head**,**head不为null**,所以进入循环。**先来看第5行:** |
| 89 | +``` |
| 90 | +ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; //5 |
| 91 | +``` |
| 92 | +把curr.next 赋值给nextTemp变量,即nextTemp 指向curr的下一节点(即节点2),可得图如下: |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +再执行到第6行: |
| 98 | +``` |
| 99 | +curr.next = prev; // 6 |
| 100 | +``` |
| 101 | +把prev赋值给curr.next,因为prev初始化化指向null,即curr(节点1)指向了null,链表图解成这样了: |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +然后我们看执行到第7行 |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | +``` |
| 109 | + prev = curr; //7 |
| 110 | +``` |
| 111 | +把curr赋值给prev,prev指向curr,图解如下: |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +接着,我们执行到第8行: |
| 116 | + |
| 117 | +``` |
| 118 | +curr = nextTemp; //8 |
| 119 | +``` |
| 120 | +把nextTemp赋值给curr,即curr指向nextTemp,图解如下: |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +至此,第一遍循环执行结束啦,回到循环条件,**curr依旧不为null**,我们继续图解完它。 |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +5-8行代码又执行一遍,依次可得图: |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +``` |
| 129 | + ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; //5 |
| 130 | + curr.next = prev; // 6 |
| 131 | + prev = curr; //7 |
| 132 | + curr = nextTemp; //8 |
| 133 | +``` |
| 134 | + |
| 135 | +执行完```ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; ```后: |
| 136 | + |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +执行完```curr.next = prev; ```后: |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +执行完```prev = curr; ```后: |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +执行完```curr = nextTemp;```后: |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | +来到这里,发现curr还是不为null,再回到while循环,再执行一遍: |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +``` |
| 150 | + ListNode nextTemp = curr.next; //5 |
| 151 | + curr.next = prev; // 6 |
| 152 | + prev = curr; //7 |
| 153 | + curr = nextTemp; //8 |
| 154 | +``` |
| 155 | +依次可得图: |
| 156 | + |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | + |
| 159 | + |
| 160 | + |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | + |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | + |
| 167 | +来到这里,我们发现curr已经为null了,可以跳出循环了。这时候prev指向的就是链表的反转呀,所以第9行执行完,反转链表功能实现: |
| 168 | + |
| 169 | +``` |
| 170 | + return prev; //9 |
| 171 | +``` |
| 172 | + |
| 173 | +### 参考与感谢 |
| 174 | +- [LeetCode 官网](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/reverse-linked-list/solution/) |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | +### 个人公众号 |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | + |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +- 如果你是个爱学习的好孩子,可以关注我公众号,一起学习讨论。 |
| 182 | +- 如果你觉得本文有哪些不正确的地方,可以评论,也可以关注我公众号,私聊我,大家一起学习进步哈。 |
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