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‎contrib/advanced-python/RequestsModule.md

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#Request Module in Python
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>>Introduction
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The Requests library in Python is one of the integral parts of Python for making HTTP requests to a specified URL. Whether it be REST APIs
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or Web Scraping, requests are a must to be learned for proceeding further with these technologies. When one makes a request to a URI, it
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returns a response. Python requests provide inbuilt functionalities for managing both the request and response
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>> What is Python Requests module?
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Requests is an Apache2 Licensed HTTP library, that allows to send HTTP/1.1 requests using Python.
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To play with web, Python Requests is must. Whether it be hitting APIs, downloading entire facebook pages, and much more cool stuff, one will
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have to make a request to the URL.
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* Installing Requests
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Requests installation depends on type of operating system on eis using, the basic command anywhere would be to open a command terminal and run,
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pip install requests
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* Making a Request
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Python requests module has several built-in methods to make Http requests to specified URI using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH or HEAD requests. A
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Http request is meant to either retrieve data from a specified URI or to push data to a server. It works as a request-response protocol
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between a client and a server. Let’s demonstrate how to make a GET request to an endpoint. GET method is used to retrieve information from the
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given server using a given URI. The GET method sends the encoded user information appended to the page request. The page and the encoded
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information are separated by the ‘?’ character. For example: https://www.google.com/search?q=...
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>>How to make GET request through Python Requests
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Python’s requests module provides in-built method called get() for making a GET request to a specified URI.
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* Syntax
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requests.get(url, params={key: value}, args)
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Example :
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Let’s try making a request to github’s APIs for example purposes.
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import requests
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# Making a GET request
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r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/...')
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# check status code for response received
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# success code - 200
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print(r)
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# print content of request
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print(r.content)
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save this file as request.py and through terminal run,
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python request.py
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>> Http Request Methods
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Method Description
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1. GET GET method is used to retrieve information from the given server using a given URI.
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2.POST POST request method requests that a web server accepts the data enclosed in the body of the request message, most likely for
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storing
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3. PUT The PUT method requests that the enclosed entity be stored under the supplied URI. If the URI refers to an already existing
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resource, it is modified and if the URI does not point to an existing resource, then the server can create the resource with that
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URI.
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4.DELETE The DELETE method deletes the specified resource
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5.HEAD The HEAD method asks for a response identical to that of a GET request, but without the response body.
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6.PATCH It is used for modify capabilities. The PATCH request only needs to contain the changes to the resource, not the complete
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resource
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>> Response object
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When one makes a request to a URI, it returns a response. This Response object in terms of python is returned by requests.method(), method
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being – get, post, put, etc. Response is a powerful object with lots of functions and attributes that assist in normalizing data or creating
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ideal portions of code. For example, response.status_code returns the status code from the headers itself, and one can check if the request
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was processed successfully or not. Response object can be used to imply lots of features, methods, and functionalities.
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# import requests module
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import requests
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# Making a get request
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response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/')
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# print request object
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print(response.url)
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# print status code
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print(response.status_code)
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>> Response Methods
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Method ` ` Description
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1.response.headers response.headers returns a dictionary of response headers.
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2.response.encoding response.encoding returns the encoding used to decode response.content.
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3.response.elapsed response.elapsed returns a timedelta object with the time elapsed from sending the request to the arrival of the response.
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4.response.close() response.close() closes the connection to the server.
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5.response.content response.content returns the content of the response, in bytes.
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6.response.cookies response.cookies returns a CookieJar object with the cookies sent back from the server.
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7.response.history response.history returns a list of response objects holding the history of request (url).
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8.response.is_permanent_redirect returns True if the response is the permanent redirected url, otherwise False.
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# Python Requests Module Project
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## Description
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This project demonstrates how to use the Python `requests` module to make HTTP requests. It includes examples of GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, and PATCH requests, as well as handling responses and extracting useful information.
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## Table of Contents
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- [Introduction](#introduction)
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- [Installation](#installation)
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- [Usage](#usage)
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- [Making a GET Request](#making-a-get-request)
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- [Other HTTP Methods](#other-http-methods)
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- [Response Object](#response-object)
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## Introduction
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The `requests` library in Python is a simple and elegant HTTP library. It allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests with methods like GET and POST, add headers, form data, multipart files, and parameters with simple Python dictionaries, and access the response data in the same way.
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## Installation
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To install the `requests` module, use the following command:
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pip install requests
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## Usage
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Making a GET Request
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Here's how to make a simple GET request using the requests module:
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import requests
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## Making a GET request
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response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/')
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print(f'Status Code: {response.status_code}')
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print(f'Content: {response.content}')
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## Other HTTP Methods
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The requests module supports several other HTTP methods:
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response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data={'key': 'value'})
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print(response.text)
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response = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})
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print(response.text)
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## Response Object
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The response object contains useful information about the response. Here are some of the most commonly used attributes and methods:
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response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/')
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# Print response URL
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print(f'URL: {response.url}')
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# Print status code
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print(f'Status Code: {response.status_code}')
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# Print response headers
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print(f'Headers: {response.headers}')
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# Print response content (in bytes)
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print(f'Content: {response.content}')
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# Print response encoding
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print(f'Encoding: {response.encoding}')
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# Print response text (decoded content)
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print(f'Text: {response.text}')
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# Print cookies
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print(f'Cookies: {response.cookies}')
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# Print elapsed time
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print(f'Time Elapsed: {response.elapsed}')
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# Close the connection
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response.close()

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