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✨ Introducing new features.Spring lifecycle
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MD/spring/spring-bean-lifecycle.md

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## Spring Bean 生命周期
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### 前言
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Spring Bean 的生命周期在整个 Spring 中占有很重要的位置,掌握这些可以加深对 Spring 的理解。
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首先放一张很经典的生命周期图:
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![](https://ws2.sinaimg.cn/large/006tNc79gy1fpjqo8lkc6j30fi0eemye.jpg)
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再谈生命周期之前有一点需要先明确:
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> Spring 只帮我们管理单例模式 Bean 的**完整**生命周期,对于 prototype 的 bean ,Spring 在创建好交给使用者之后则不会再管理后续的生命周期。
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### 注解方式
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在 bean 初始化时会经历几个阶段,首先可以使用注解 `@PostConstruct`, `@PreDestroy` 来再 bean 的创建和销毁阶段进行调用:
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```java
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@Component
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public class AnnotationBean {
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private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AnnotationBean.class);
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@PostConstruct
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public void start(){
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LOGGER.info("AnnotationBean start");
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}
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@PreDestroy
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public void destroy(){
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LOGGER.info("AnnotationBean destroy");
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}
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}
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```
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### InitializingBean, DisposableBean 接口
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还可以实现 `InitializingBean,DisposableBean` 这两个接口,也是在初始化已经销毁阶段调用:
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```java
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@Service
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public class SpringLifeCycleService implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean{
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private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleService.class);
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@Override
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public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
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LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleService start");
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}
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@Override
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public void destroy() throws Exception {
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LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleService destroy");
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}
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}
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```
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### 自定义初始化和销毁方法
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也可以自定义方法用于在初始化、销毁阶段进行调用:
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```java
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@Configuration
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public class LifeCycleConfig {
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@Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "destroy")
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public SpringLifeCycle create(){
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SpringLifeCycle springLifeCycle = new SpringLifeCycle() ;
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return springLifeCycle ;
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}
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}
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public class SpringLifeCycle{
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private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycle.class);
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public void start(){
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LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycle start");
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}
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public void destroy(){
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LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycle destroy");
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}
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}
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```
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以上是在 SpringBoot 中可以这样配置,如果是原始的基于 XML 也是可以利用:
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```
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<bean class="com.crossoverjie.spring.SpringLifeCycle" init-method="start" destroy-method="destroy">
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</bean>
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```
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来达到同样的效果。
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### 实现 *Aware 接口
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`*Aware` 接口可以用于在初始化 bean 时获得 Spring 中的一些对象,如获取 `Spring 上下文`等。
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```java
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@Component
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public class SpringLifeCycleAware implements ApplicationContextAware {
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private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleAware.class);
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private ApplicationContext applicationContext ;
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@Override
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public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
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this.applicationContext = applicationContext ;
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LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleAware start");
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}
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}
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```
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这样在 `springLifeCycleAware` 这个 bean 初始化会就会调用 `setApplicationContext` 方法,并可以获得 applicationContext 对象。
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### BeanPostProcessor 后处理器
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也可以实现 BeanPostProcessor 接口,Spring 中所有 bean 在做初始化时都会调用该接口中的两个方法,可以用于对一些特殊的 bean 进行处理:
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```java
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@Component
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public class SpringLifeCycleProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
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private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleProcessor.class);
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@Override
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public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
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return bean;
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}
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@Override
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public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
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return bean;
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}
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}
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```
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执行之后观察结果:
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```
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018-03-21 00:40:24.856 [restartedMain] INFO c.c.s.p.SpringLifeCycleProcessor - SpringLifeCycleProcessor start beanName=annotationBean
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2018-03-21 00:40:24.860 [restartedMain] INFO c.c.spring.annotation.AnnotationBean - AnnotationBean start
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2018-03-21 00:40:24.861 [restartedMain] INFO c.c.s.p.SpringLifeCycleProcessor - SpringLifeCycleProcessor end beanName=annotationBean
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2018-03-21 00:40:24.864 [restartedMain] INFO c.c.s.aware.SpringLifeCycleAware - SpringLifeCycleAware start
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2018-03-21 00:40:24.867 [restartedMain] INFO c.c.s.service.SpringLifeCycleService - SpringLifeCycleService start
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2018-03-21 00:40:24.887 [restartedMain] INFO c.c.spring.SpringLifeCycle - SpringLifeCycle start
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.062 [restartedMain] INFO o.s.b.d.a.OptionalLiveReloadServer - LiveReload server is running on port 35729
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.122 [restartedMain] INFO o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.140 [restartedMain] INFO com.crossoverjie.Application - Started Application in 2.309 seconds (JVM running for 3.681)
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.143 [restartedMain] INFO com.crossoverjie.Application - start ok!
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.153 [Thread-8] INFO o.s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@3913adad: startup date [Wed Mar 21 00:40:23 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.155 [Thread-8] INFO o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO c.c.spring.SpringLifeCycle - SpringLifeCycle destroy
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO c.c.s.service.SpringLifeCycleService - SpringLifeCycleService destroy
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2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO c.c.spring.annotation.AnnotationBean - AnnotationBean destroy
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```
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