<Image> = Image.new('<mode>', (width, height)) # Also: `color=<int/tuple/str>`.

<Image> = Image.open(<path>) # Identifies format based on file contents.

<Image> = <Image>.convert('<mode>') # Converts image to the new mode.

<Image>.save(<path>) # Selects format based on the path extension.

<Image>.show() # Opens image in default preview app.

<int/tuple> = <Image>.getpixel((x, y)) # Returns a pixel.

<Image>.putpixel((x, y), <int/tuple>) # Writes a pixel to the image.

<ImagingCore> = <Image>.getdata() # Returns a flattened sequence of pixels.

<Image>.putdata(<list/ImagingCore>) # Writes a flattened sequence of pixels.

<Image>.paste(<Image>, (x, y)) # Writes passed image to the image.

<Image> = <Image>.resize((width, height)) # Use <Image>.width/height for original sizes.

<Image> = <Image>.filter(<Filter>) # `<Filter> = ImageFilter.<name>([<args>])`

<Image> = <Enhance>.enhance(<float>) # `<Enhance> = ImageEnhance.<name>(<Image>)`

<array> = np.array(<Image>) # Creates NumPy array from the image.

<Image> = Image.fromarray(np.uint8(<array>)) # Use <array>.clip(0, 255) to clip the values.

<ImageDraw> = ImageDraw.Draw(<Image>) # Object for adding 2D graphics to the image.

<ImageDraw>.point((x, y)) # Draws a point. Truncates floats into ints.

<ImageDraw>.line((x1, y1, x2, y2 [, ...])) # To get anti-aliasing use Image's resize().

<ImageDraw>.arc((x1, y1, x2, y2), deg1, deg2) # Always draws in clockwise direction.

<ImageDraw>.rectangle((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste().

<ImageDraw>.polygon((x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)) # Last point gets connected to the first.

<ImageDraw>.ellipse((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste().

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Image&gt; = Image.new(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;mode&gt;'</span>, (width, height)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Also: `color=&lt;int/tuple/str&gt;`.</span>

&lt;Image&gt; = Image.open(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Identifies format based on file contents.</span>

&lt;Image&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.convert(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;mode&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Converts image to the new mode.</span>

&lt;Image&gt;.save(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Selects format based on the path extension.</span>

&lt;Image&gt;.show() <span class="hljs-comment"># Opens image in default preview app.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;int/tuple&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.getpixel((x, y)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns a pixel.</span>

&lt;Image&gt;.putpixel((x, y), &lt;int/tuple&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes a pixel to the image.</span>

&lt;ImagingCore&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.getdata() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns a flattened sequence of pixels.</span>

&lt;Image&gt;.putdata(&lt;list/ImagingCore&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes a flattened sequence of pixels.</span>

&lt;Image&gt;.paste(&lt;Image&gt;, (x, y)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes passed image to the image.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Image&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.resize((width, height)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Use &lt;Image&gt;.width/height for original sizes.</span>

&lt;Image&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.filter(&lt;Filter&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># `&lt;Filter&gt; = ImageFilter.&lt;name&gt;([&lt;args&gt;])`</span>

&lt;Image&gt; = &lt;Enhance&gt;.enhance(&lt;float&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># `&lt;Enhance&gt; = ImageEnhance.&lt;name&gt;(&lt;Image&gt;)`</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;array&gt; = np.array(&lt;Image&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates NumPy array from the image.</span>

&lt;Image&gt; = Image.fromarray(np.uint8(&lt;array&gt;)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Use &lt;array&gt;.clip(0, 255) to clip the values.</span>

<div><h3 id="imagedraw">Image Draw</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;ImageDraw&gt; = ImageDraw.Draw(&lt;Image&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Object for adding 2D graphics to the image.</span>

&lt;ImageDraw&gt;.point((x, y)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Draws a point. Truncates floats into ints.</span>

&lt;ImageDraw&gt;.line((x1, y1, x2, y2 [, ...])) <span class="hljs-comment"># To get anti-aliasing use Image's resize().</span>

&lt;ImageDraw&gt;.arc((x1, y1, x2, y2), deg1, deg2) <span class="hljs-comment"># Always draws in clockwise direction.</span>

&lt;ImageDraw&gt;.rectangle((x1, y1, x2, y2)) <span class="hljs-comment"># To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste().</span>

&lt;ImageDraw&gt;.polygon((x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Last point gets connected to the first.</span>

&lt;ImageDraw&gt;.ellipse((x1, y1, x2, y2)) <span class="hljs-comment"># To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste().</span>