Files that are re-used throughout the book Make: AVR Programming
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pinDefines.h Includes all of the pin definitions for the projects in Make: AVR Programming. When you need to know what to hook up where, have a look here.
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USART.c and USART.h These are the main utility files used for serial input/output in the book. They're not particularly clever, but they have a tiny memory and resource footprint and get you up and running very quickly.
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binaryMacro.h If you're using a compiler other than a recent AVR-GCC, it may not support native binary digits (e.g. 0b00111010). If so, this include file has a pre-processor macro that will let you enter them similarly: B8(01010101).
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macros.h This file includes pre-processor macro definitions for bit-twiddling: set_bit, clear_bit, and toggle_bit. Useful for those days when you're feeling lazy, or have forgotten your bit-wise logic operations.
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portpins.h This is a recent version of the portpins.h file included with the Arduino environment. It includes the AVR pin definitions of the form PB1 and similar. The version included with Arduino is very old -- you'll want to replace it with this one if you want to write in C using the Arduino IDE. Or you can include this file directly in your code.