diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/lines.py b/lib/matplotlib/lines.py
index 5e5c19c9f69f..6c9c92e86af3 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/lines.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/lines.py
@@ -420,6 +420,7 @@ def __init__(self, xdata, ydata, *,
         self._xy = None
         self._path = None
         self._transformed_path = None
+        self._transform_when_path_transformed = None
         self._subslice = False
         self._x_filled = None  # used in subslicing; only x is needed
 
@@ -721,6 +722,7 @@ def _transform_path(self, subslice=None):
                          _interpolation_steps=self._path._interpolation_steps)
         else:
             _path = self._path
+        self._transform_when_path_transformed = self.get_transform().frozen()
         self._transformed_path = TransformedPath(_path, self.get_transform())
 
     def _get_transformed_path(self):
@@ -742,7 +744,7 @@ def draw(self, renderer):
         if not self.get_visible():
             return
 
-        if self._invalidy or self._invalidx:
+        if self._invalidy or self._invalidx or self.get_transform() != self._transform_when_path_transformed:
             self.recache()
         self.ind_offset = 0  # Needed for contains() method.
         if self._subslice and self.axes:
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_polar.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_polar.py
index ad1540a36621..713002804c9f 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_polar.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_polar.py
@@ -454,3 +454,27 @@ def test_polar_neg_theta_lims():
     ax.set_thetalim(-np.pi, np.pi)
     labels = [l.get_text() for l in ax.xaxis.get_ticklabels()]
     assert labels == ['-180°', '-135°', '-90°', '-45°', '0°', '45°', '90°', '135°']
+
+
+@check_figures_equal(extensions=["png"])
+def test_polar_lim_draw(fig_test, fig_ref):
+    """
+    Check that lines on polar axes are correctly transformed after
+    a draw and an axes limit change.
+
+    """
+    # A quarter arc at r=5
+    theta = np.linspace(0, np.pi/2, 90)
+    r = np.full(90, 5)
+
+    ax_ref = fig_ref.add_subplot(projection='polar')
+    ax_ref.set_ylim(0, 10)
+    ax_ref.plot(theta, r)
+
+    ax_test = fig_test.add_subplot(projection='polar')
+    ax_test.set_ylim(4, 10)
+
+    ax_test.plot(theta, r)
+    fig_test.canvas.draw()
+
+    ax_test.set_ylim(0, 10)