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Add support for gamma() and lgamma() functions.
These are useful general-purpose math functions which are included in POSIX and C99, and are commonly included in other math libraries, so expose them as SQL-callable functions. Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Stepan Neretin <sncfmgg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Koval <d.koval@postgrespro.ru> Reviewed-by: Alexandra Wang <alexandra.wang.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCXpGyfjXCirFk9au+FvM0y2Ah+2-0WSJx7MO368ysNUPA@mail.gmail.com
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‎doc/src/sgml/func.sgml

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@@ -1396,6 +1396,27 @@ SELECT NOT(ROW(table.*) IS NOT NULL) FROM TABLE; -- detect at least one null in
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</para></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
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<indexterm>
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<primary>gamma</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<function>gamma</function> ( <type>double precision</type> )
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<returnvalue>double precision</returnvalue>
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</para>
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<para>
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Gamma function
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</para>
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<para>
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<literal>gamma(0.5)</literal>
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<returnvalue>1.772453850905516</returnvalue>
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</para>
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<para>
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<literal>gamma(6)</literal>
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<returnvalue>120</returnvalue>
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</para></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
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<indexterm>
@@ -1436,6 +1457,23 @@ SELECT NOT(ROW(table.*) IS NOT NULL) FROM TABLE; -- detect at least one null in
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</para></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
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<indexterm>
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<primary>lgamma</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<function>lgamma</function> ( <type>double precision</type> )
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<returnvalue>double precision</returnvalue>
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</para>
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<para>
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Natural logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function
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</para>
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<para>
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<literal>lgamma(1000)</literal>
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<returnvalue>5905.220423209181</returnvalue>
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</para></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
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<indexterm>

‎src/backend/utils/adt/float.c

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@@ -2786,6 +2786,94 @@ derfc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
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}
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/* ========== GAMMA FUNCTIONS ========== */
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/*
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* dgamma - returns the gamma function of arg1
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*/
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Datum
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dgamma(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
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{
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float8 arg1 = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
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float8 result;
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/*
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* Handle NaN and Inf cases explicitly. This simplifies the overflow
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* checks on platforms that do not set errno.
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*/
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if (isnan(arg1))
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result = arg1;
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else if (isinf(arg1))
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{
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/* Per POSIX, an input of -Inf causes a domain error */
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if (arg1 < 0)
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{
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float_overflow_error();
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result = get_float8_nan(); /* keep compiler quiet */
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}
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else
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result = arg1;
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}
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else
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{
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/*
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* Note: the POSIX/C99 gamma function is called "tgamma", not "gamma".
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*
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* On some platforms, tgamma() will not set errno but just return Inf,
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* NaN, or zero to report overflow/underflow; therefore, test those
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* cases explicitly (note that, like the exponential function, the
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* gamma function has no zeros).
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*/
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errno = 0;
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result = tgamma(arg1);
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if (errno != 0 || isinf(result) || isnan(result))
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{
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if (result != 0.0)
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float_overflow_error();
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else
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float_underflow_error();
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}
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else if (result == 0.0)
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float_underflow_error();
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}
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PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
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}
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/*
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* dlgamma - natural logarithm of absolute value of gamma of arg1
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*/
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Datum
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dlgamma(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
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{
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float8 arg1 = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
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float8 result;
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/*
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* Note: lgamma may not be thread-safe because it may write to a global
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* variable signgam, which may not be thread-local. However, this doesn't
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* matter to us, since we don't use signgam.
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*/
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errno = 0;
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result = lgamma(arg1);
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/*
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* If an ERANGE error occurs, it means there was an overflow or a pole
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* error (which happens for zero and negative integer inputs).
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*
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* On some platforms, lgamma() will not set errno but just return infinity
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* to report overflow, but it should never underflow.
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*/
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if (errno == ERANGE || (isinf(result) && !isinf(arg1)))
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float_overflow_error();
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PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
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}
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/*
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* =========================

‎src/include/catalog/catversion.h

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@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@
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*/
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/* yyyymmddN */
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#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO 202503251
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#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO 202503261
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#endif

‎src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat

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proname => 'erfc', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'float8',
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prosrc => 'derfc' },
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{ oid => '8702', descr => 'gamma function',
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proname => 'gamma', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'float8',
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prosrc => 'dgamma' },
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{ oid => '8703', descr => 'natural logarithm of absolute value of gamma function',
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proname => 'lgamma', prorettype => 'float8', proargtypes => 'float8',
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prosrc => 'dlgamma' },
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{ oid => '1618',
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proname => 'interval_mul', prorettype => 'interval',
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proargtypes => 'interval float8', prosrc => 'interval_mul' },

‎src/test/regress/expected/float8.out

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@@ -829,6 +829,63 @@ FROM (VALUES (float8 '-infinity'),
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NaN | NaN | NaN
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(22 rows)
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RESET extra_float_digits;
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-- gamma functions
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-- we run these with extra_float_digits = -1, to get consistently rounded
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-- results on all platforms.
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SET extra_float_digits = -1;
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SELECT x,
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gamma(x),
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lgamma(x)
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FROM (VALUES (0.5), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5),
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(float8 'infinity'), (float8 'nan')) AS t(x);
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x | gamma | lgamma
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----------+-----------------+------------------
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0.5 | 1.7724538509055 | 0.5723649429247
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1 | 1 | 0
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2 | 1 | 0
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3 | 2 | 0.69314718055995
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4 | 6 | 1.7917594692281
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5 | 24 | 3.1780538303479
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Infinity | Infinity | Infinity
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NaN | NaN | NaN
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(8 rows)
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-- test overflow/underflow handling
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SELECT gamma(float8 '-infinity');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '-infinity');
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lgamma
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----------
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Infinity
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(1 row)
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SELECT gamma(float8 '-1000.5');
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ERROR: value out of range: underflow
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '-1000.5');
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lgamma
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------------------
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-5914.4377011169
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(1 row)
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SELECT gamma(float8 '-1');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '-1');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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SELECT gamma(float8 '0');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '0');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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SELECT gamma(float8 '1000');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '1000');
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lgamma
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-----------------
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5905.2204232092
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(1 row)
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '1e308');
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ERROR: value out of range: overflow
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RESET extra_float_digits;
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-- test for over- and underflow
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INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');

‎src/test/regress/sql/float8.sql

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@@ -245,6 +245,29 @@ FROM (VALUES (float8 '-infinity'),
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RESET extra_float_digits;
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-- gamma functions
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-- we run these with extra_float_digits = -1, to get consistently rounded
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-- results on all platforms.
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SET extra_float_digits = -1;
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SELECT x,
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gamma(x),
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lgamma(x)
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FROM (VALUES (0.5), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5),
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(float8 'infinity'), (float8 'nan')) AS t(x);
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-- test overflow/underflow handling
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SELECT gamma(float8 '-infinity');
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '-infinity');
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SELECT gamma(float8 '-1000.5');
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '-1000.5');
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SELECT gamma(float8 '-1');
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '-1');
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SELECT gamma(float8 '0');
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '0');
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SELECT gamma(float8 '1000');
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '1000');
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SELECT lgamma(float8 '1e308');
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RESET extra_float_digits;
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-- test for over- and underflow
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INSERT INTO FLOAT8_TBL(f1) VALUES ('10e400');
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