databases on a single host. Such a collection of

databases is called a cluster (of databases). A frontend

application that wishes to access a given database

that is linked into the application.

The library sends user requests over the network to the

<Application>postmaster</Application>

<Para>

You should also be aware that the <Application>postmaster</Application> and

<quote>superuser</>.

Note that the <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> superuser does not

have to be any particular user (e.g., a user named

<chapter id="arrays">

<title>Arrays</title>

A limitation of the present array implementation is that individual

elements of an array cannot be SQL NULLs. The entire array can be set

to NULL, but you can't have an array with some elements NULL and some

</para>

</note>

</programlisting>

The string-literal processor removes one level of backslashes, so that

what arrives at the array-value parser looks like <literal>{"\\","\""}</>.

become <literal>\</> and <literal>"</> respectively. (If we were working

<type>bytea</> for example, we might need as many as eight backslashes

in the query to get one backslash into the stored array element.)

</para>

<chapter id="charset">

<title>Localization</>

</para>

<para>

For 7.2, <option>--enable-unicode-conversion</option> is not necessary.

if <option>--enable-multibyte</option> is specified.

</para>

</sect2>

* Fix problem with MB and locale

Jan 26, 1999

(you need to create a database with EUC_TW to use Big5)

* Add regression test case for EUC_TW

(contributed by Jonah Kuo <email>jonahkuo@mail.ttn.com.tw</email>)

and the frontend

* new command SET CLIENT_ENCODING etc. added

* add support for LATIN1 character set

April 21, 1998 some enhancements/fixes

* character_length(), position(), substring() are now aware of

<!--

-->

<chapter id="client-authentication">

<para>

<literal>trust</> authentication is appropriate and very convenient

for local connections on a single-user workstation. It is usually

machine, if you restrict access to the postmaster's socket file using

<varname>unix_socket_permissions</varname> (and possibly

<varname>unix_socket_group</varname>) in <filename>postgresql.conf</>,

as described in <xref linkend="runtime-config-general">. Or you could

</para>

<para>

Local TCP connections are not restricted by it; therefore, if you want

to use permissions for local security, remove the <literal>host ...

127.0.0.1 ...</> line from <filename>pg_hba.conf</>, or change it to a

<!--

-->

<chapter id="datatype">

</thead>

<tbody>

<row>

<entry>4 bytes plus the actual binary string</entry>

<entry>Variable (not specifically limited)

length binary string</entry>

<!--

Date/time details

-->

The following table of time zones recognized by

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is organized by time

zone offset from UTC, rather than alphabetically; this is intended

these might differ.

<table tocentry="1">

<note>

<para>

SQL92 states that

natural rules for dates and times

according to the Gregorian calendar</quote>.

Dates between 1752-09-03 and 1752-09-13, although eliminated in

<!--

-->

<sect2 id="dfunc">

<para>

<indexterm><primary>PIC</></>

executables: first the source files are compiled into object files,

then the object files are linked together. The object files need to

be created as <firstterm>position-independent code</firstterm>

<appendix id="docguide">

<title>Documentation</title>

will need to increase the size of

<application>TeX</application>'s internal data structures.

Details on this can be found in the <application>JadeTeX</application>

</para>

<para>

styles, in particular the default style. If the document

contains <sgmltag>REFENTRY</sgmltag> sections, one must also

replace formatting hints which tie a

paragraph, and instead tie the current paragraph to the

following one. A utility, <application>fixrtf</application> is

available in

powerful mode for editing <acronym>SGML</acronym> documents.

When properly configured, it will allow you to use

<application>Emacs</application> to insert tags and check markup

well. Check the <ulink

url="http://www.lysator.liu.se/projects/about_psgml.html">PSGML

web site</ulink> for downloads, installation instructions, and

<!--

-->

<chapter id="ecpg">

<term><computeroutput>-240 (ECPG_UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR): Descriptor %s not found in line %d.</computeroutput></term>

<listitem>

<para>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<term><computeroutput>-242 (ECPG_UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR_ITEM): Descriptor %s not found in line %d.</computeroutput></term>

<listitem>

<para>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<!--

PostgreSQL documentation

-->

just sequences) are special single-row tables created with

<command>CREATE SEQUENCE</>. A sequence object is usually used to

generate unique identifiers for rows of a table. The sequence functions

sequence values from sequence objects.

</para>

<row>

<entry><function>pg_get_userbyid</>(<parameter>userid</parameter>)</entry>

<entry><type>name</></entry>

</row>

</tbody>

</tgroup>

<para>

As usual, NULLs in the expressions or subquery rows are combined per

equal if all their corresponding members are non-null and equal; the rows

are unequal if any corresponding members are non-null and unequal;

otherwise the result of that row comparison is unknown (NULL).

<para>

As usual, NULLs in the expressions or subquery rows are combined per

equal if all their corresponding members are non-null and equal; the rows

are unequal if any corresponding members are non-null and unequal;

otherwise the result of that row comparison is unknown (NULL).

The right-hand side of this form of <token>ANY</> is a parenthesized

subquery, which must return exactly one column. The left-hand expression

is evaluated and compared to each row of the subquery result using the

result.

The result of <token>ANY</> is TRUE if any true result is obtained.

The result is FALSE if no true result is found (including the special

<para>

As usual, NULLs in the expressions or subquery rows are combined per

equal if all their corresponding members are non-null and equal; the rows

are unequal if any corresponding members are non-null and unequal;

otherwise the result of that row comparison is unknown (NULL).

The right-hand side of this form of <token>ALL</> is a parenthesized

subquery, which must return exactly one column. The left-hand expression

is evaluated and compared to each row of the subquery result using the

result.

The result of <token>ALL</> is TRUE if all rows yield TRUE

(including the special case where the subquery returns no rows).

<para>

As usual, NULLs in the expressions or subquery rows are combined per

equal if all their corresponding members are non-null and equal; the rows

are unequal if any corresponding members are non-null and unequal;

otherwise the result of that row comparison is unknown (NULL).

<para>

As usual, NULLs in the expressions or subquery rows are combined per

equal if all their corresponding members are non-null and equal; the rows

are unequal if any corresponding members are non-null and unequal;

otherwise the result of the row comparison is unknown (NULL).