asyncio.gather itself does not directly spawn threads. It operates within the single-threaded environment of the asyncio event loop. However, it can be used in conjunction with threads when necessary to perform blocking operations concurrently.
When you use asyncio.gather, it takes a series of awaitables (usually coroutines) and schedules them to run concurrently within the event loop. The event loop manages the execution of these awaitables, switching between them whenever one of them is waiting for I/O or another event. This concurrency is achieved through cooperative multitasking, not through the creation of new threads.
If you need to perform a blocking operation within an asyncio program (e.g., a long-running CPU-bound task or a blocking I/O call), you can use asyncio.to_thread or asyncio.run_in_executor to run the operation in a separate thread or process. This allows the blocking operation to run concurrently with other asyncio tasks without blocking the event loop.