diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-11-17-11-38-30.bpo-41735.2feh9v.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-11-17-11-38-30.bpo-41735.2feh9v.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..101da0e9ce6487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-11-17-11-38-30.bpo-41735.2feh9v.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix thread lock in ``zlib.Decompress.flush()`` method before ``PyObject_GetBuffer``.
diff --git a/Modules/zlibmodule.c b/Modules/zlibmodule.c
index 8f8bcd85f2c16d..4dfd4ae6722002 100644
--- a/Modules/zlibmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/zlibmodule.c
@@ -1134,11 +1134,13 @@ zlib_Decompress_flush_impl(compobject *self, Py_ssize_t length)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(self->unconsumed_tail, &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) == -1)
-        return NULL;
-
     ENTER_ZLIB(self);
 
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(self->unconsumed_tail, &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) == -1) {
+        LEAVE_ZLIB(self);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     self->zst.next_in = data.buf;
     ibuflen = data.len;