diff --git a/c-api/refcounting.po b/c-api/refcounting.po
index 7f9b3153dd..855b69a842 100644
--- a/c-api/refcounting.po
+++ b/c-api/refcounting.po
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-07-24 00:03+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-07-01 14:19+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-08-14 22:55+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-06 14:19+0800\n"
 "Last-Translator: Matt Wang <mattwang44@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
 "tw)\n"
@@ -36,26 +36,55 @@ msgstr "取得物件 *o* 的參照計數。"
 
 #: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:18
 msgid ""
-"Use the :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` function to set an object reference count."
+"Note that the returned value may not actually reflect how many references to "
+"the object are actually held.  For example, some objects are \"immortal\" "
+"and have a very high refcount that does not reflect the actual number of "
+"references.  Consequently, do not rely on the returned value to be accurate, "
+"other than a value of 0 or 1."
 msgstr ""
+"請注意，回傳的值可能實際上並不反映實際保存了多少對該物件的參照。例如，某些物"
+"件是「不滅的 (immortal)」，並且具有非常高的參照計數，不能反映實際的參照數量。"
+"因此，除了 0 或 1 以外，不要依賴回傳值的準確性。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:20
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:24
+msgid ""
+"Use the :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` function to set an object reference count."
+msgstr "使用 :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` 函式設定物件參照計數。"
+
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:26
 msgid "The parameter type is no longer :c:expr:`const PyObject*`."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "參數型別不再是 :c:expr:`const PyObject*`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:23
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:29
 msgid ":c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` is changed to the inline static function."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr ":c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` 更改為行內靜態函式 (inline static function)。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:29
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:35
 msgid "Set the object *o* reference counter to *refcnt*."
 msgstr "設定物件 *o* 的參照計數。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:36
-msgid "Increment the reference count for object *o*."
-msgstr "增加物件 *o* 的參照計數。"
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:37
+msgid ""
+"Note that this function has no effect on `immortal <https://peps.python.org/"
+"pep-0683/>`_ objects."
+msgstr ""
+"請注意，此函式對\\ `不滅的 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/>`_\\ 物件沒有影"
+"響。"
+
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:43 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:65
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:142
+msgid "Immortal objects are not modified."
+msgstr "不滅的物件不會被修改。"
+
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:49
+msgid ""
+"Indicate taking a new :term:`strong reference` to object *o*, indicating it "
+"is in use and should not be destroyed."
+msgstr ""
+"代表取得對於物件 *o* 的新\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`，即它正在使用且"
+"不應被銷毀。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:38
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:52
 msgid ""
 "This function is usually used to convert a :term:`borrowed reference` to a :"
 "term:`strong reference` in-place. The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be "
@@ -65,7 +94,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "換為\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`。:c:func:`Py_NewRef` 函式可用於建立"
 "新的\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:42
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:56
+msgid "When done using the object, release it by calling :c:func:`Py_DECREF`."
+msgstr "使用完該物件後，透過呼叫 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 來釋放它。"
+
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:58
 msgid ""
 "The object must not be ``NULL``; if you aren't sure that it isn't ``NULL``, "
 "use :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`."
@@ -73,34 +106,44 @@ msgstr ""
 "該物件不能為 ``NULL``；如果你不確定它不是 ``NULL``，請使用 :c:func:"
 "`Py_XINCREF`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:48
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:61 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:127
 msgid ""
-"Increment the reference count for object *o*.  The object may be ``NULL``, "
-"in which case the macro has no effect."
+"Do not expect this function to actually modify *o* in any way. For at least "
+"`some objects <https://peps.python.org/pep-0683/>`_, this function has no "
+"effect."
 msgstr ""
-"增加物件 *o* 的參照計數。該物件可能是 ``NULL``，在這種情況下巨集不起作用。"
+"不要期望此函式會以任何方式實際修改 *o*，至少對於\\ `某些物件 <https://peps."
+"python.org/pep-0683/>`_\\ 來說，此函式沒有任何效果。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:51
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:71
+msgid ""
+"Similar to :c:func:`Py_INCREF`, but the object *o* can be ``NULL``, in which "
+"case this has no effect."
+msgstr ""
+"與 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 類似，但物件 *o* 可以為 ``NULL``，在這種情況下這就不會"
+"有任何效果。"
+
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:74
 msgid "See also :c:func:`Py_XNewRef`."
 msgstr "另請見 :c:func:`Py_XNewRef`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:56
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:79
 msgid ""
-"Create a new :term:`strong reference` to an object: increment the reference "
-"count of the object *o* and return the object *o*."
+"Create a new :term:`strong reference` to an object: call :c:func:`Py_INCREF` "
+"on *o* and return the object *o*."
 msgstr ""
-"建立對物件的新\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`：增加物件 *o* 的參照計數並"
-"回傳物件 *o*。"
+"建立對物件的新\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`：於 *o* 呼叫 :c:func:"
+"`Py_INCREF` 並回傳物件 *o*。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:59
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:82
 msgid ""
 "When the :term:`strong reference` is no longer needed, :c:func:`Py_DECREF` "
-"should be called on it to decrement the object reference count."
+"should be called on it to release the reference."
 msgstr ""
 "當不再需要\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`\\ 時，應對其呼叫 :c:func:"
-"`Py_DECREF` 以減少物件參照計數。"
+"`Py_DECREF` 以釋放該參照。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:62
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:85
 msgid ""
 "The object *o* must not be ``NULL``; use :c:func:`Py_XNewRef` if *o* can be "
 "``NULL``."
@@ -108,52 +151,52 @@ msgstr ""
 "物件 *o* 不能為 ``NULL``；如果 *o* 可以為 ``NULL``，則使用 :c:func:"
 "`Py_XNewRef`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:65
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:88
 msgid "For example::"
-msgstr ""
-"舉例來說：\n"
-"\n"
-"::"
+msgstr "舉例來說： ::"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:70
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:93
 msgid "can be written as::"
-msgstr ""
-"可以寫成：\n"
-"\n"
-"::"
+msgstr "可以寫成： ::"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:74
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:97
 msgid "See also :c:func:`Py_INCREF`."
-msgstr "另請參閱 :c:func:`Py_INCREF`\\ 。"
+msgstr "另請參閱 :c:func:`Py_INCREF`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:81
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:104
 msgid "Similar to :c:func:`Py_NewRef`, but the object *o* can be NULL."
 msgstr "與 :c:func:`Py_NewRef` 類似，但物件 *o* 可以為 NULL。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:83
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:106
 msgid "If the object *o* is ``NULL``, the function just returns ``NULL``."
 msgstr "如果物件 *o* 為 ``NULL``，則該函式僅回傳 ``NULL``。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:90
-msgid "Decrement the reference count for object *o*."
-msgstr "減少物件 *o* 的參照計數。"
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:113
+msgid ""
+"Release a :term:`strong reference` to object *o*, indicating the reference "
+"is no longer used."
+msgstr ""
+"釋放一個對物件 *o* 的\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`，代表該參照不會再被"
+"使用。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:92
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:116
 msgid ""
-"If the reference count reaches zero, the object's type's deallocation "
-"function (which must not be ``NULL``) is invoked."
+"Once the last :term:`strong reference` is released (i.e. the object's "
+"reference count reaches 0), the object's type's deallocation function (which "
+"must not be ``NULL``) is invoked."
 msgstr ""
-"如果參照計數達到零，則調用物件之型別的釋放函式 (deallocation function)（不得"
-"為 ``NULL``）。"
+"如果最後一個\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`\\ 被釋放（即物件的參照計數達"
+"到零），則觸發物件之型別的釋放函式 (deallocation function)（不得為 "
+"``NULL``\\ ）。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:95
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:121
 msgid ""
 "This function is usually used to delete a :term:`strong reference` before "
 "exiting its scope."
 msgstr ""
 "此函式通常用於在退出作用域之前刪除\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:98
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:124
 msgid ""
 "The object must not be ``NULL``; if you aren't sure that it isn't ``NULL``, "
 "use :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`."
@@ -161,7 +204,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "該物件不能為 ``NULL``；如果你不確定它不是 ``NULL``，請改用 :c:func:"
 "`Py_XDECREF`。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:103
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:133
 msgid ""
 "The deallocation function can cause arbitrary Python code to be invoked (e."
 "g. when a class instance with a :meth:`~object.__del__` method is "
@@ -173,103 +216,105 @@ msgid ""
 "object in a temporary variable, update the list data structure, and then "
 "call :c:func:`Py_DECREF` for the temporary variable."
 msgstr ""
-"釋放函式可以導致任意 Python 程式碼被調用（例如，當釋放具有 :meth:`~object.__del__` 方"
-"法的類別實例時）。雖然此類程式碼中的例外不會被傳遞出來，但​​執行的程式碼可以自"
-"由存取所有 Python 全域變數。這意味著在調用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 之前，可從全域"
-"變數存取的任何物件都應處於一致狀態。例如，從 list 中刪除物件的程式碼應將已刪"
-"除物件的參照複製到臨時變數中，更新 list 資料結構，然後為臨時變數呼叫 :c:func:"
-"`Py_DECREF`。"
-
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:115
+"釋放函式可以導致任意 Python 程式碼被調用（例如，當釋放具有 :meth:`~object."
+"__del__` 方法的類別實例時）。雖然此類程式碼中的例外不會被傳遞出來，但​​執行的程"
+"式碼可以自由存取所有 Python 全域變數。這意味著在調用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 之"
+"前，可從全域變數存取的任何物件都應處於一致狀態。例如，從 list 中刪除物件的程"
+"式碼應將已刪除物件的參照複製到臨時變數中，更新 list 資料結構，然後為臨時變數"
+"呼叫 :c:func:`Py_DECREF`。"
+
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:148
 msgid ""
-"Decrement the reference count for object *o*.  The object may be ``NULL``, "
-"in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect is the same as "
-"for :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, and the same warning applies."
+"Similar to :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, but the object *o* can be ``NULL``, in which "
+"case this has no effect. The same warning from :c:func:`Py_DECREF` applies "
+"here as well."
 msgstr ""
-"減少物件 *o* 的參照計數。該物件可能是 ``NULL``，在這種情況下巨集不起作用；否"
-"則效果與 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 相同，且使得應用了相同的警告。"
+"和 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 類似，但該物件可以是 ``NULL``，在這種情況下巨集不起作"
+"用。在這裡也會出現與 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 相同的警告。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:122
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:155
 msgid ""
-"Decrement the reference count for object *o*.  The object may be ``NULL``, "
-"in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect is the same as "
-"for :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, except that the argument is also set to ``NULL``.  "
-"The warning for :c:func:`Py_DECREF` does not apply with respect to the "
-"object passed because the macro carefully uses a temporary variable and sets "
-"the argument to ``NULL`` before decrementing its reference count."
+"Release a :term:`strong reference` for object *o*. The object may be "
+"``NULL``, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect is the "
+"same as for :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, except that the argument is also set to "
+"``NULL``.  The warning for :c:func:`Py_DECREF` does not apply with respect "
+"to the object passed because the macro carefully uses a temporary variable "
+"and sets the argument to ``NULL`` before releasing the reference."
 msgstr ""
-"減少物件 *o* 的參照計數。該物件可能是 ``NULL``，在這種情況下巨集不起作用；否"
-"則，效果與 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 相同，只是引數也設定為 ``NULL``。:c:func:"
-"`Py_DECREF` 的警告不適用於傳遞的物件，因為巨集在遞減其參照計數之前小心地使用"
-"臨時變數並將參數設定為 ``NULL``。"
+"釋放對於物件 *o* 的\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`。該物件可能是 "
+"``NULL``，在這種情況下巨集不起作用；否則，效果與 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 相同，除"
+"非引數也設定為 ``NULL``。:c:func:`Py_DECREF` 的警告不適用於傳遞的物件，因為巨"
+"集在釋放其參照之前小心地使用臨時變數並將引數設定為 ``NULL``。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:129
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:163
 msgid ""
-"It is a good idea to use this macro whenever decrementing the reference "
-"count of an object that might be traversed during garbage collection."
+"It is a good idea to use this macro whenever releasing a reference to an "
+"object that might be traversed during garbage collection."
 msgstr ""
-"每當要減少垃圾收集期間可能被遍歷到之物件的參照計數時，使用此巨集是個好主意。"
+"每當要釋放垃圾回收 (garbage collection) 期間可能被遍歷到之對於物件的參照時，"
+"使用此巨集是個好主意。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:132
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:166
 msgid ""
 "The macro argument is now only evaluated once. If the argument has side "
 "effects, these are no longer duplicated."
 msgstr ""
+"巨集引數現在僅會被求值 (evaluate) 一次。如果引數有其他副作用，則不再重複作"
+"用。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:139
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:173
 msgid ""
-"Increment the reference count for object *o*. A function version of :c:func:"
-"`Py_XINCREF`. It can be used for runtime dynamic embedding of Python."
+"Indicate taking a new :term:`strong reference` to object *o*. A function "
+"version of :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`. It can be used for runtime dynamic "
+"embedding of Python."
 msgstr ""
-"增加物件 *o* 的參照計數。:c:func:`Py_XINCREF` 的函式版本。它可用於 Python 的"
-"執行環境動態嵌入。"
+"代表取得對於物件 *o* 的\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`。:c:func:"
+"`Py_XINCREF` 的函式版本。它可用於 Python 的 runtime 動態嵌入。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:145
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:180
 msgid ""
-"Decrement the reference count for object *o*. A function version of :c:func:"
-"`Py_XDECREF`. It can be used for runtime dynamic embedding of Python."
+"Release a :term:`strong reference` to object *o*. A function version of :c:"
+"func:`Py_XDECREF`. It can be used for runtime dynamic embedding of Python."
 msgstr ""
-"減少物件 *o* 的參照計數。:c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 的函式版本。它可用於 Python 的"
-"執行環境動態嵌入。"
+"釋放對物件 *o* 的\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`。:c:func:`Py_XDECREF` "
+"的函式版本。它可用於 Python 的 runtime 動態嵌入。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:151
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:187
 msgid ""
-"Macro safely decrementing the `dst` reference count and setting `dst` to "
-"`src`."
+"Macro safely releasing a :term:`strong reference` to object *dst* and "
+"setting *dst* to *src*."
 msgstr ""
+"巨集安全地釋放對於物件 *dst* 的\\ :term:`強參照 <strong reference>`\\ 並將 "
+"*dst* 設定為 *src*。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:154
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:190
 msgid "As in case of :c:func:`Py_CLEAR`, \"the obvious\" code can be deadly::"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "與 :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` 的情況一樣，「明顯的」程式碼可能是致命的： ::"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:159
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:195
 msgid "The safe way is::"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "安全的方法是： ::"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:163
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:199
 msgid ""
-"That arranges to set `dst` to `src` _before_ decrementing reference count of "
-"*dst* old value, so that any code triggered as a side-effect of `dst` "
-"getting torn down no longer believes `dst` points to a valid object."
+"That arranges to set *dst* to *src* _before_ releasing the reference to the "
+"old value of *dst*, so that any code triggered as a side-effect of *dst* "
+"getting torn down no longer believes *dst* points to a valid object."
 msgstr ""
+"這會在釋放對 *dst* 舊值的參照\\ _之前_\\ 將 *dst* 設定為 *src*，使得因 *dst* "
+"被拆除而觸發的任何副作用 (side-effect) 之程式碼不會相信 *dst* 是指向一個有效"
+"物件。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:169 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:181
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:206 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:218
 msgid ""
 "The macro arguments are now only evaluated once. If an argument has side "
 "effects, these are no longer duplicated."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "巨集引數現在僅會被求值一次。如果引數有其他副作用，則不再重複作用。"
 
-#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:176
+#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:213
 msgid ""
 "Variant of :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` macro that uses :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` instead "
 "of :c:func:`Py_DECREF`."
 msgstr ""
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "The following functions or macros are only for use within the interpreter "
-#~ "core: :c:func:`_Py_Dealloc`, :c:func:`_Py_ForgetReference`, :c:func:"
-#~ "`_Py_NewReference`, as well as the global variable :c:data:`_Py_RefTotal`."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "以下函式或巨集僅在直譯器核心內使用：:c:func:`_Py_Dealloc`、:c:func:"
-#~ "`_Py_ForgetReference`、:c:func:`_Py_NewReference` 以及全域變數 :c:data:"
-#~ "`_Py_RefTotal`。"
+":c:macro:`Py_SETREF` 巨集的變體，請改用 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 而非 :c:func:"
+"`Py_DECREF`。"