| 專案： | Python 3.9 |
| 語言： | 中文（台灣） |
| 原文 — 英文 | +譯文 — 中文（台灣） | +
|---|---|
| +Using the Python Interpreter | ++使用 Python 直譯器 | +
| +Invoking the Interpreter | ++啟動直譯器 | +
| +The Python interpreter is usually installed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python3.9` on those machines where it is available; putting :file:`/usr/local/bin` in your Unix shell's search path makes it possible to start it by typing the command: | ++Python解釋器一般安裝在 :file:`/usr/local/bin/python3.9`路徑下；將:file:`/usr/local/bin`加入Unix終端的搜索路徑，鍵入以下命令就可以啟動Python： | +
| +to the shell. [#]_ Since the choice of the directory where the interpreter lives is an installation option, other places are possible; check with your local Python guru or system administrator. (E.g., :file:`/usr/local/python` is a popular alternative location.) | ++能啟動 Python [#]_\ 。因為直譯器存放的目錄是個安裝選項，其他的目錄也是有可能的；請洽談在地的 Python 達人或者系統管理員。（例如：\ :file:`/usr/local/python` 是個很常見的另類存放路徑。） | +
| +On Windows machines where you have installed Python from the :ref:`Microsoft Store <windows-store>`, the :file:`python3.9` command will be available. If you have the :ref:`py.exe launcher <launcher>` installed, you can use the :file:`py` command. See :ref:`setting-envvars` for other ways to launch Python. | ++Windows系統中，從:ref:`Microsoft Store <windows-store>`安裝Python後，就可以使用:file:`python3.9` 命令了。如果安裝了:ref:`py.exe launcher <launcher>`，則可以使用:file:`py`命令。請參閱附錄：:ref:`setting-envvars`，了解其他啟動Python的方式。 | +
| +Typing an end-of-file character (:kbd:`Control-D` on Unix, :kbd:`Control-Z` on Windows) at the primary prompt causes the interpreter to exit with a zero exit status. If that doesn't work, you can exit the interpreter by typing the following command: ``quit()``. | ++在主提示符輸入一個 end-of-file 字元（在 Unix 上為 :kbd:`Control-D`\ ；在 Windows 上為 :kbd:`Control-Z`\ ）會使得直譯器以零退出狀況 (zero exit status) 離開。如果上述的做法沒有效，也可以輸入指令 ``quit()`` 離開直譯器。 | +
| +The interpreter's line-editing features include interactive editing, history substitution and code completion on systems that support the `GNU Readline <https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html>`_ library. Perhaps the quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported is typing :kbd:`Control-P` to the first Python prompt you get. If it beeps, you have command line editing; see Appendix :ref:`tut-interacting` for an introduction to the keys. If nothing appears to happen, or if ``^P`` is echoed, command line editing isn't available; you'll only be able to use backspace to remove characters from the current line. | ++直譯器的指令列編輯功能有很多，在支援 `GNU Readline <https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html>` 函式庫的系統上包含：互動編輯、歷史取代、指令補完等功能。最快檢查有無支援指令列編輯的方法為：在第一個 Python 提示符後輸入 :kbd:`Control-P` ，如果出現嗶嗶聲，就代表有支援；見附錄 :ref:`tut-interacting` 介紹相關的快速鍵。如果什麼事沒有發生，或者出現一個 ``^P`` ，就代表並沒有指令列編輯功能；此時只能使用 backspace 去除該行的字元。 | +
| +The interpreter operates somewhat like the Unix shell: when called with standard input connected to a tty device, it reads and executes commands interactively; when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and executes a *script* from that file. | ++這個直譯器使用起來像是 Unix shell：如果它被呼叫時連結至一個 tty 裝置，它會互動式地讀取並執行指令；如果被呼叫時給定檔名為引數或者使用 stdin 傳入檔案內容，它會將這個檔案視為\ **腳本**\ 來閱讀。 | +
| +A second way of starting the interpreter is ``python -c command [arg] ...``, which executes the statement(s) in *command*, analogous to the shell's :option:`-c` option. Since Python statements often contain spaces or other characters that are special to the shell, it is usually advised to quote *command* in its entirety with single quotes. | ++另一個啟動直譯器的方式為 ``python -c command [arg] ...`` ，它會執行在 *command* 裡的指令（們），行為如同 shell 的 :option:`-c` 選項。因為 Python 的指令包含空白等 shell 用到的特殊字元，通常建議用單引號把 *command* 包起來。 | +
| +Some Python modules are also useful as scripts. These can be invoked using ``python -m module [arg] ...``, which executes the source file for *module* as if you had spelled out its full name on the command line. | ++有些 Python 模組使用上如腳本般一樣方便。透過 ``python -m module [arg] ...`` 可以執行 *module* 模組的原始碼，就如同直接傳入那個模組的完整路徑一樣的行為。 | +
| +When a script file is used, it is sometimes useful to be able to run the script and enter interactive mode afterwards. This can be done by passing :option:`-i` before the script. | ++當要執行一個腳本檔時，有時候會希望在腳本結束時進入互動模式。此時可在執行腳本的指令加入 :option:`-i` 。 | +
| +All command line options are described in :ref:`using-on-general`. | ++所有指令可用的參數都詳記在 :ref:`using-on-general` 。 | +
| +Argument Passing | ++傳遞引數 | +
| +When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the ``argv`` variable in the ``sys`` module. You can access this list by executing ``import sys``. The length of the list is at least one; when no script and no arguments are given, ``sys.argv[0]`` is an empty string. When the script name is given as ``'-'`` (meaning standard input), ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to ``'-'``. When :option:`-c` *command* is used, ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to ``'-c'``. When :option:`-m` *module* is used, ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to the full name of the located module. Options found after :option:`-c` *command* or :option:`-m` *module* are not consumed by the Python interpreter's option processing but left in ``sys.argv`` for the command or module to handle. | ++當直擇器收到腳本的名稱和額外的引數後，他們會轉換為由字串所組成的 list（串列）並指派給 ``sys`` 模組的 ``argv`` 變數。你可以執行 ``import sys`` 取得這個串列。這個串列的長度至少為一；當沒有給任何腳本名稱和引數時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為空字串。當腳本名為 ``'-'`` （指標準輸入）時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為 ``'-'`` 。當使用 :option:`-c` *command* 時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為 ``'-c'``\ 。當使用 :option:`-m` *module* 時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為該模組存在的完整路徑。其餘非 :option:`-c` *command* 或 :option:`-m` *module* 的選項不會被 Python 直譯器吸收掉，而是留在 ``sys.argv`` 變數中給後續的 command 或 module 使用。 | +
| +Interactive Mode | ++互動模式 | +
| +When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in *interactive mode*. In this mode it prompts for the next command with the *primary prompt*, usually three greater-than signs (``>>>``); for continuation lines it prompts with the *secondary prompt*, by default three dots (``...``). The interpreter prints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice before printing the first prompt: | +
+在終端（tty）輸入並執行指令時，解釋器在*互動模式（interactive mode）*中運行。在這種模式中，會顯示*主提示符*，提示輸入下一條指令，主提示符通常用三個大於號（``>>>``）表示；輸入連續行時，顯示*次要提示符*，預設是三個點（``...``）。進入解釋器時，首先顯示歡迎信息、版本信息、版權聲明，然後才是提示符：
+ + :: |
+
| +Continuation lines are needed when entering a multi-line construct. As an example, take a look at this :keyword:`if` statement:: | +
+接續多行的情況出現在需要多行才能建立完整指令時。舉例來說，像是 :keyword:`if` 敘述：
+ + :: |
+
| +For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`. | ++更多有關互動模式的使用，請見\ :ref:`tut-interac`\ 。 | +
| +The Interpreter and Its Environment | ++直譯器與它的環境 | +
| +Source Code Encoding | ++原始碼的字元編碼 (encoding) | +
| +By default, Python source files are treated as encoded in UTF-8. In that encoding, characters of most languages in the world can be used simultaneously in string literals, identifiers and comments --- although the standard library only uses ASCII characters for identifiers, a convention that any portable code should follow. To display all these characters properly, your editor must recognize that the file is UTF-8, and it must use a font that supports all the characters in the file. | ++預設 Python 原始碼檔案的字元編碼使用 UTF-8。在這個編碼中，世界上多數語言的文字可以同時被使用在字串內容、識別名 (identifier) 及註解中 --- 雖然在標準函式庫中只使用 ASCII 字元作為識別名，這也是個任何 portable 程式碼需遵守的慣例。如果要正確地顯示所有字元，您的編輯器需要能夠認識檔案為 UTF-8，並且需要能顯示檔案中所有字元的字型。 | +
| +To declare an encoding other than the default one, a special comment line should be added as the *first* line of the file. The syntax is as follows:: | +
+如果不使用預設編碼，則要聲明文件的編碼，文件的*第一*行要寫成特殊註釋。句法如下：
+ + :: |
+
| +where *encoding* is one of the valid :mod:`codecs` supported by Python. | ++其中， *encoding* 可以是Python支持的任意一種 :mod:`codecs` 。 | +
| +For example, to declare that Windows-1252 encoding is to be used, the first line of your source code file should be:: | +
+比如，聲明使用Windows-1252 編碼，源碼文件要寫成：
+ + :: |
+
| +One exception to the *first line* rule is when the source code starts with a :ref:`UNIX "shebang" line <tut-scripts>`. In this case, the encoding declaration should be added as the second line of the file. For example:: | +
+*第一行*的規則也有一種例外情況，在源碼以 :ref:`UNIX "shebang" line <tut-scripts>` 行開頭時。此時，編碼聲明要寫在文件的第二行。例如：
+ + :: |
+
| +Footnotes | ++註解 | +
| +On Unix, the Python 3.x interpreter is by default not installed with the executable named ``python``, so that it does not conflict with a simultaneously installed Python 2.x executable. | ++在 Unix 中，Python 3.x 直譯器預設安裝不會以 ``python`` 作為執行檔名稱，以避免與 現有的 Python 2.x 執行檔名稱衝突。 | +
| 專案： | Python 3.9 |
| 語言： | 中文（台灣） |
| 原文 — 英文 | -譯文 — 中文（台灣） | -
|---|---|
| -Using the Python Interpreter | --使用 Python 直譯器 | -
| -Invoking the Interpreter | --啟動直譯器 | -
| -The Python interpreter is usually installed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python3.9` on those machines where it is available; putting :file:`/usr/local/bin` in your Unix shell's search path makes it possible to start it by typing the command: | --Python解釋器一般安裝在 :file:`/usr/local/bin/python3.9`路徑下；將:file:`/usr/local/bin`加入Unix終端的搜索路徑，鍵入以下命令就可以啟動Python： | -
| -to the shell. [#]_ Since the choice of the directory where the interpreter lives is an installation option, other places are possible; check with your local Python guru or system administrator. (E.g., :file:`/usr/local/python` is a popular alternative location.) | --能啟動 Python [#]_\ 。因為直譯器存放的目錄是個安裝選項，其他的目錄也是有可能的；請洽談在地的 Python 達人或者系統管理員。（例如：\ :file:`/usr/local/python` 是個很常見的另類存放路徑。） | -
| -On Windows machines where you have installed Python from the :ref:`Microsoft Store <windows-store>`, the :file:`python3.9` command will be available. If you have the :ref:`py.exe launcher <launcher>` installed, you can use the :file:`py` command. See :ref:`setting-envvars` for other ways to launch Python. | --Windows系統中，從:ref:`Microsoft Store <windows-store>`安裝Python後，就可以使用:file:`python3.9` 命令了。如果安裝了:ref:`py.exe launcher <launcher>`，則可以使用:file:`py`命令。請參閱附錄：:ref:`setting-envvars`，了解其他啟動Python的方式。 | -
| -Typing an end-of-file character (:kbd:`Control-D` on Unix, :kbd:`Control-Z` on Windows) at the primary prompt causes the interpreter to exit with a zero exit status. If that doesn't work, you can exit the interpreter by typing the following command: ``quit()``. | --在主提示符輸入一個 end-of-file 字元（在 Unix 上為 :kbd:`Control-D`\ ；在 Windows 上為 :kbd:`Control-Z`\ ）會使得直譯器以零退出狀況 (zero exit status) 離開。如果上述的做法沒有效，也可以輸入指令 ``quit()`` 離開直譯器。 | -
| -The interpreter's line-editing features include interactive editing, history substitution and code completion on systems that support the `GNU Readline <https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html>`_ library. Perhaps the quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported is typing :kbd:`Control-P` to the first Python prompt you get. If it beeps, you have command line editing; see Appendix :ref:`tut-interacting` for an introduction to the keys. If nothing appears to happen, or if ``^P`` is echoed, command line editing isn't available; you'll only be able to use backspace to remove characters from the current line. | --直譯器的指令列編輯功能有很多，在支援 `GNU Readline <https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html>` 函式庫的系統上包含：互動編輯、歷史取代、指令補完等功能。最快檢查有無支援指令列編輯的方法為：在第一個 Python 提示符後輸入 :kbd:`Control-P` ，如果出現嗶嗶聲，就代表有支援；見附錄 :ref:`tut-interacting` 介紹相關的快速鍵。如果什麼事沒有發生，或者出現一個 ``^P`` ，就代表並沒有指令列編輯功能；此時只能使用 backspace 去除該行的字元。 | -
| -The interpreter operates somewhat like the Unix shell: when called with standard input connected to a tty device, it reads and executes commands interactively; when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and executes a *script* from that file. | --這個直譯器使用起來像是 Unix shell：如果它被呼叫時連結至一個 tty 裝置，它會互動式地讀取並執行指令；如果被呼叫時給定檔名為引數或者使用 stdin 傳入檔案內容，它會將這個檔案視為\ **腳本**\ 來閱讀。 | -
| -A second way of starting the interpreter is ``python -c command [arg] ...``, which executes the statement(s) in *command*, analogous to the shell's :option:`-c` option. Since Python statements often contain spaces or other characters that are special to the shell, it is usually advised to quote *command* in its entirety with single quotes. | --另一個啟動直譯器的方式為 ``python -c command [arg] ...`` ，它會執行在 *command* 裡的指令（們），行為如同 shell 的 :option:`-c` 選項。因為 Python 的指令包含空白等 shell 用到的特殊字元，通常建議用單引號把 *command* 包起來。 | -
| -Some Python modules are also useful as scripts. These can be invoked using ``python -m module [arg] ...``, which executes the source file for *module* as if you had spelled out its full name on the command line. | --有些 Python 模組使用上如腳本般一樣方便。透過 ``python -m module [arg] ...`` 可以執行 *module* 模組的原始碼，就如同直接傳入那個模組的完整路徑一樣的行為。 | -
| -When a script file is used, it is sometimes useful to be able to run the script and enter interactive mode afterwards. This can be done by passing :option:`-i` before the script. | --當要執行一個腳本檔時，有時候會希望在腳本結束時進入互動模式。此時可在執行腳本的指令加入 :option:`-i` 。 | -
| -All command line options are described in :ref:`using-on-general`. | --所有指令可用的參數都詳記在 :ref:`using-on-general` 。 | -
| -Argument Passing | --傳遞引數 | -
| -When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the ``argv`` variable in the ``sys`` module. You can access this list by executing ``import sys``. The length of the list is at least one; when no script and no arguments are given, ``sys.argv[0]`` is an empty string. When the script name is given as ``'-'`` (meaning standard input), ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to ``'-'``. When :option:`-c` *command* is used, ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to ``'-c'``. When :option:`-m` *module* is used, ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to the full name of the located module. Options found after :option:`-c` *command* or :option:`-m` *module* are not consumed by the Python interpreter's option processing but left in ``sys.argv`` for the command or module to handle. | --當直擇器收到腳本的名稱和額外的引數後，他們會轉換為由字串所組成的 list（串列）並指派給 ``sys`` 模組的 ``argv`` 變數。你可以執行 ``import sys`` 取得這個串列。這個串列的長度至少為一；當沒有給任何腳本名稱和引數時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為空字串。當腳本名為 ``'-'`` （指標準輸入）時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為 ``'-'`` 。當使用 :option:`-c` *command* 時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為 ``'-c'``\ 。當使用 :option:`-m` *module* 時， ``sys.argv[0]`` 為該模組存在的完整路徑。其餘非 :option:`-c` *command* 或 :option:`-m` *module* 的選項不會被 Python 直譯器吸收掉，而是留在 ``sys.argv`` 變數中給後續的 command 或 module 使用。 | -
| -Interactive Mode | --互動模式 | -
| -When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in *interactive mode*. In this mode it prompts for the next command with the *primary prompt*, usually three greater-than signs (``>>>``); for continuation lines it prompts with the *secondary prompt*, by default three dots (``...``). The interpreter prints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice before printing the first prompt: | -
-在終端（tty）輸入並執行指令時，解釋器在*互動模式（interactive mode）*中運行。在這種模式中，會顯示*主提示符*，提示輸入下一條指令，主提示符通常用三個大於號（``>>>``）表示；輸入連續行時，顯示*次要提示符*，預設是三個點（``...``）。進入解釋器時，首先顯示歡迎信息、版本信息、版權聲明，然後才是提示符：
- - :: |
-
| -Continuation lines are needed when entering a multi-line construct. As an example, take a look at this :keyword:`if` statement:: | -
-接續多行的情況出現在需要多行才能建立完整指令時。舉例來說，像是 :keyword:`if` 敘述：
- - :: |
-
| -For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`. | --更多有關互動模式的使用，請見\ :ref:`tut-interac`\ 。 | -
| -The Interpreter and Its Environment | --直譯器與它的環境 | -
| -Source Code Encoding | --原始碼的字元編碼 (encoding) | -
| -By default, Python source files are treated as encoded in UTF-8. In that encoding, characters of most languages in the world can be used simultaneously in string literals, identifiers and comments --- although the standard library only uses ASCII characters for identifiers, a convention that any portable code should follow. To display all these characters properly, your editor must recognize that the file is UTF-8, and it must use a font that supports all the characters in the file. | --預設 Python 原始碼檔案的字元編碼使用 UTF-8。在這個編碼中，世界上多數語言的文字可以同時被使用在字串內容、識別名 (identifier) 及註解中 --- 雖然在標準函式庫中只使用 ASCII 字元作為識別名，這也是個任何 portable 程式碼需遵守的慣例。如果要正確地顯示所有字元，您的編輯器需要能夠認識檔案為 UTF-8，並且需要能顯示檔案中所有字元的字型。 | -
| -To declare an encoding other than the default one, a special comment line should be added as the *first* line of the file. The syntax is as follows:: | -
-如果不使用預設編碼，則要聲明文件的編碼，文件的*第一*行要寫成特殊註釋。句法如下：
- - :: |
-
| -where *encoding* is one of the valid :mod:`codecs` supported by Python. | --其中， *encoding* 可以是Python支持的任意一種 :mod:`codecs` 。 | -
| -For example, to declare that Windows-1252 encoding is to be used, the first line of your source code file should be:: | -
-比如，聲明使用Windows-1252 編碼，源碼文件要寫成：
- - :: |
-
| -One exception to the *first line* rule is when the source code starts with a :ref:`UNIX "shebang" line <tut-scripts>`. In this case, the encoding declaration should be added as the second line of the file. For example:: | -
-*第一行*的規則也有一種例外情況，在源碼以 :ref:`UNIX "shebang" line <tut-scripts>` 行開頭時。此時，編碼聲明要寫在文件的第二行。例如：
- - :: |
-
| -Footnotes | --註解 | -
| -On Unix, the Python 3.x interpreter is by default not installed with the executable named ``python``, so that it does not conflict with a simultaneously installed Python 2.x executable. | --在 Unix 中，Python 3.x 直譯器預設安裝不會以 ``python`` 作為執行檔名稱，以避免與 現有的 Python 2.x 執行檔名稱衝突。 | -