diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index fd69577d1..c938a174b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@ jobs:
             noxenv: "tests-3.11(no-extras)"
             posargs: coverage github
         exclude:
-          - os: windows-latest
-            noxenv: readme
           - os: windows-latest
             noxenv: "docs(dirhtml)"
           - os: windows-latest
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 0f58d1a83..03d523ec3 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ repos:
         args: [--fix, lf]
       - id: trailing-whitespace
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: "v0.0.276"
+    rev: "v0.0.277"
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: isort
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: "v3.0.0-alpha.9-for-vscode"
+    rev: "v3.0.0"
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
         exclude: "^jsonschema/benchmarks/issue232/issue.json$"
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index da49bc3a7..5bae3bee5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+v4.18.1
+=======
+
+* Fix a regression with ``jsonschema.RefResolver`` based resolution when used in combination with a custom validation dialect (via ``jsonschema.validators.create``).
+
 v4.18.0
 =======
 
-This release majorly rehaul's the way in which JSON Schema reference resolution is configured.
+This release majorly rehauls the way in which JSON Schema reference resolution is configured.
 It does so in a way that *should* be backwards compatible, preserving old behavior whilst emitting deprecation warnings.
 
 * ``jsonschema.RefResolver`` is now deprecated in favor of the new `referencing library <https://github.com/python-jsonschema/referencing/>`_.
diff --git a/jsonschema/_types.py b/jsonschema/_types.py
index d142810d0..dae83d00f 100644
--- a/jsonschema/_types.py
+++ b/jsonschema/_types.py
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping
 import numbers
 
+from attrs import evolve, field, frozen
 from rpds import HashTrieMap
-import attr
 
 from jsonschema.exceptions import UndefinedTypeCheck
 
 
-# unfortunately, the type of HashTrieMap is generic, and if used as the attr.ib
+# unfortunately, the type of HashTrieMap is generic, and if used as an attrs
 # converter, the generic type is presented to mypy, which then fails to match
 # the concrete type of a type checker mapping
 # this "do nothing" wrapper presents the correct information to mypy
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def is_any(checker, instance):
     return True
 
 
-@attr.s(frozen=True, repr=False)
+@frozen(repr=False)
 class TypeChecker:
     """
     A :kw:`type` property checker.
@@ -80,10 +80,7 @@ class TypeChecker:
 
     _type_checkers: HashTrieMap[
         str, Callable[[TypeChecker, Any], bool],
-    ] = attr.ib(
-        default=HashTrieMap(),
-        converter=_typed_map_converter,
-    )
+    ] = field(default=HashTrieMap(), converter=_typed_map_converter)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         types = ", ".join(repr(k) for k in sorted(self._type_checkers))
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ def redefine_many(self, definitions=()) -> TypeChecker:
                 A dictionary mapping types to their checking functions.
         """
         type_checkers = self._type_checkers.update(definitions)
-        return attr.evolve(self, type_checkers=type_checkers)
+        return evolve(self, type_checkers=type_checkers)
 
     def remove(self, *types) -> TypeChecker:
         """
@@ -170,7 +167,7 @@ def remove(self, *types) -> TypeChecker:
                 type_checkers = type_checkers.remove(each)
             except KeyError:
                 raise UndefinedTypeCheck(each)
-        return attr.evolve(self, type_checkers=type_checkers)
+        return evolve(self, type_checkers=type_checkers)
 
 
 draft3_type_checker = TypeChecker(
diff --git a/jsonschema/cli.py b/jsonschema/cli.py
index 65bbb9da5..e8f671ca2 100644
--- a/jsonschema/cli.py
+++ b/jsonschema/cli.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 except ImportError:
     from pkgutil_resolve_name import resolve_name  # type: ignore
 
-import attr
+from attrs import define, field
 
 from jsonschema.exceptions import SchemaError
 from jsonschema.validators import _RefResolver, validator_for
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ class _CannotLoadFile(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-@attr.s
+@define
 class _Outputter:
 
-    _formatter = attr.ib()
-    _stdout = attr.ib()
-    _stderr = attr.ib()
+    _formatter = field()
+    _stdout = field()
+    _stderr = field()
 
     @classmethod
     def from_arguments(cls, arguments, stdout, stderr):
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def validation_success(self, **kwargs):
         self._stdout.write(self._formatter.validation_success(**kwargs))
 
 
-@attr.s
+@define
 class _PrettyFormatter:
 
     _ERROR_MSG = dedent(
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ def validation_success(self, instance_path):
         return self._SUCCESS_MSG.format(path=instance_path)
 
 
-@attr.s
+@define
 class _PlainFormatter:
 
-    _error_format = attr.ib()
+    _error_format = field()
 
     def filenotfound_error(self, path, exc_info):
         return "{!r} does not exist.\n".format(path)
diff --git a/jsonschema/exceptions.py b/jsonschema/exceptions.py
index a64fd9808..80679c1b5 100644
--- a/jsonschema/exceptions.py
+++ b/jsonschema/exceptions.py
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 import itertools
 import warnings
 
+from attrs import define
 from referencing.exceptions import Unresolvable as _Unresolvable
-import attr
 
 from jsonschema import _utils
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class SchemaError(_Error):
     _word_for_instance_in_error_message = "schema"
 
 
-@attr.s(hash=True)
+@define(slots=False)
 class _RefResolutionError(Exception):
     """
     A ref could not be resolved.
@@ -205,7 +205,12 @@ class _RefResolutionError(Exception):
         "directly catch referencing.exceptions.Unresolvable."
     )
 
-    _cause = attr.ib()
+    _cause: Exception
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self.__class__ is not other.__class__:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._cause == other._cause
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self._cause)
diff --git a/jsonschema/tests/test_validators.py b/jsonschema/tests/test_validators.py
index 3f16d9078..5a4f87f3b 100644
--- a/jsonschema/tests/test_validators.py
+++ b/jsonschema/tests/test_validators.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from decimal import Decimal
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import Any
 from unittest import TestCase, mock
 from urllib.request import pathname2url
 import json
@@ -12,8 +13,8 @@
 import tempfile
 import warnings
 
+from attrs import define, field
 from referencing.jsonschema import DRAFT202012
-import attr
 import referencing.exceptions
 
 from jsonschema import (
@@ -1570,10 +1571,10 @@ def test_evolve_with_subclass(self):
         """
 
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            @attr.s
+            @define
             class OhNo(self.Validator):
-                foo = attr.ib(factory=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
-                _bar = attr.ib(default=37)
+                foo = field(factory=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
+                _bar = field(default=37)
 
         validator = OhNo({}, bar=12)
         self.assertEqual(validator.foo, [1, 2, 3])
@@ -2372,6 +2373,28 @@ def test_pointer_within_schema_with_different_id(self):
         validator = validators.Draft7Validator(another, resolver=two)
         self.assertFalse(validator.is_valid({"maxLength": "foo"}))
 
+    def test_newly_created_validator_with_ref_resolver(self):
+        """
+        See https://github.com/python-jsonschema/jsonschema/issues/1061#issuecomment-1624266555.
+        """  # noqa: E501
+
+        def handle(uri):
+            self.assertEqual(uri, "http://example.com/foo")
+            return {"type": "integer"}
+
+        resolver = validators._RefResolver("", {}, handlers={"http": handle})
+        Validator = validators.create(
+            meta_schema={},
+            validators=validators.Draft4Validator.VALIDATORS,
+        )
+        schema = {"$id": "http://example.com/bar", "$ref": "foo"}
+        validator = Validator(schema, resolver=resolver)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (validator.is_valid({}), validator.is_valid(37)),
+            (False, True),
+        )
+
+
 
 def sorted_errors(errors):
     def key(error):
@@ -2382,10 +2405,10 @@ def key(error):
     return sorted(errors, key=key)
 
 
-@attr.s
+@define
 class ReallyFakeRequests:
 
-    _responses = attr.ib()
+    _responses: dict[str, Any]
 
     def get(self, url):
         response = self._responses.get(url)
@@ -2394,10 +2417,10 @@ def get(self, url):
         return _ReallyFakeJSONResponse(json.dumps(response))
 
 
-@attr.s
+@define
 class _ReallyFakeJSONResponse:
 
-    _response = attr.ib()
+    _response: str
 
     def json(self):
         return json.loads(self._response)
diff --git a/jsonschema/validators.py b/jsonschema/validators.py
index bed919e2e..b8a9c141a 100644
--- a/jsonschema/validators.py
+++ b/jsonschema/validators.py
@@ -275,6 +275,11 @@ def __attrs_post_init__(self):
                 resource = specification.create_resource(self.schema)
                 self._resolver = registry.resolver_with_root(resource)
 
+            # REMOVEME: Legacy ref resolution state management.
+            push_scope = getattr(self._ref_resolver, "push_scope", None)
+            if push_scope is not None:
+                push_scope(id_of(self.schema))
+
         @classmethod
         def check_schema(cls, schema, format_checker=_UNSET):
             Validator = validator_for(cls.META_SCHEMA, default=cls)
diff --git a/noxfile.py b/noxfile.py
index 1c2571717..b57b5acb0 100644
--- a/noxfile.py
+++ b/noxfile.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 import os
 
 import nox
@@ -106,18 +107,13 @@ def audit(session, installable):
 
 @session(tags=["build"])
 def build(session):
-    session.install("build")
-    tmpdir = session.create_tmp()
-    session.run("python", "-m", "build", ROOT, "--outdir", tmpdir)
-
-
-@session(tags=["style"])
-def readme(session):
     session.install("build", "docutils", "twine")
-    tmpdir = session.create_tmp()
-    session.run("python", "-m", "build", ROOT, "--outdir", tmpdir)
-    session.run("python", "-m", "twine", "check", "--strict", tmpdir + "/*")
-    session.run("rst2html5.py", "--halt=warning", CHANGELOG, "/dev/null")
+    with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        session.run("python", "-m", "build", ROOT, "--outdir", tmpdir)
+        session.run("twine", "check", "--strict", tmpdir + "/*")
+        session.run(
+            "python", "-m", "docutils", "--strict", CHANGELOG, os.devnull,
+        )
 
 
 @session()
@@ -154,20 +150,21 @@ def typing(session):
 )
 def docs(session, builder):
     session.install("-r", DOCS / "requirements.txt")
-    tmpdir = Path(session.create_tmp())
-    argv = ["-n", "-T", "-W"]
-    if builder != "spelling":
-        argv += ["-q"]
-    session.run(
-        "python",
-        "-m",
-        "sphinx",
-        "-b",
-        builder,
-        DOCS,
-        tmpdir / builder,
-        *argv,
-    )
+    with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir_str:
+        tmpdir = Path(tmpdir_str)
+        argv = ["-n", "-T", "-W"]
+        if builder != "spelling":
+            argv += ["-q"]
+        session.run(
+            "python",
+            "-m",
+            "sphinx",
+            "-b",
+            builder,
+            DOCS,
+            tmpdir / builder,
+            *argv,
+        )
 
 
 @session(tags=["docs", "style"], name="docs(style)")