diff --git a/.ci/aarch64_linux/aarch64_wheel_ci_build.py b/.ci/aarch64_linux/aarch64_wheel_ci_build.py
index d7bbdebc677a..2c6b94a0dc23 100755
--- a/.ci/aarch64_linux/aarch64_wheel_ci_build.py
+++ b/.ci/aarch64_linux/aarch64_wheel_ci_build.py
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def parse_arguments():
     else:
         print("build pytorch without mkldnn backend")
 
-    os.system(f"cd /pytorch; {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel")
+    os.system(f"cd /pytorch; {build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation")
     if enable_cuda:
         print("Updating Cuda Dependency")
         filename = os.listdir("/pytorch/dist/")
diff --git a/.ci/aarch64_linux/build_aarch64_wheel.py b/.ci/aarch64_linux/build_aarch64_wheel.py
index 7a4715d33006..36b85ebc422c 100755
--- a/.ci/aarch64_linux/build_aarch64_wheel.py
+++ b/.ci/aarch64_linux/build_aarch64_wheel.py
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def build_torchvision(
     if host.using_docker():
         build_vars += " CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,-z,max-page-size=0x10000"
 
-    host.run_cmd(f"cd vision && {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel")
+    host.run_cmd(f"cd vision && {build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation")
     vision_wheel_name = host.list_dir("vision/dist")[0]
     embed_libgomp(host, use_conda, os.path.join("vision", "dist", vision_wheel_name))
 
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ def build_torchdata(
     if host.using_docker():
         build_vars += " CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,-z,max-page-size=0x10000"
 
-    host.run_cmd(f"cd data && {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel")
+    host.run_cmd(f"cd data && {build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation")
     wheel_name = host.list_dir("data/dist")[0]
     embed_libgomp(host, use_conda, os.path.join("data", "dist", wheel_name))
 
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ def build_torchtext(
     if host.using_docker():
         build_vars += " CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,-z,max-page-size=0x10000"
 
-    host.run_cmd(f"cd text && {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel")
+    host.run_cmd(f"cd text && {build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation")
     wheel_name = host.list_dir("text/dist")[0]
     embed_libgomp(host, use_conda, os.path.join("text", "dist", wheel_name))
 
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ def build_torchaudio(
     host.run_cmd(
         f"cd audio && export FFMPEG_ROOT=$(pwd)/third_party/ffmpeg && export USE_FFMPEG=1 \
         && ./packaging/ffmpeg/build.sh \
-        && {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel"
+        && {build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation"
     )
 
     wheel_name = host.list_dir("audio/dist")[0]
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ def start_build(
     print("Building PyTorch wheel")
     build_opts = ""
     if pytorch_build_number is not None:
-        build_opts += f" --build-number {pytorch_build_number}"
+        build_opts += f" -C--build-option=--build-number={pytorch_build_number}"
     # Breakpad build fails on aarch64
     build_vars = "USE_BREAKPAD=0 "
     if branch == "nightly":
@@ -747,7 +747,8 @@ def start_build(
         print("build pytorch with mkldnn+acl backend")
         build_vars += " USE_MKLDNN=ON USE_MKLDNN_ACL=ON"
         host.run_cmd(
-            f"cd $HOME/pytorch && export ACL_ROOT_DIR=$HOME/ComputeLibrary && {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel{build_opts}"
+            f"cd $HOME/pytorch && export ACL_ROOT_DIR=$HOME/ComputeLibrary && "
+            f"{build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation{build_opts}"
         )
         print("Repair the wheel")
         pytorch_wheel_name = host.list_dir("pytorch/dist")[0]
@@ -763,7 +764,7 @@ def start_build(
     else:
         print("build pytorch without mkldnn backend")
         host.run_cmd(
-            f"cd pytorch && {build_vars} python3 setup.py bdist_wheel{build_opts}"
+            f"cd pytorch && {build_vars} python3 -m build --wheel --no-isolation{build_opts}"
         )
 
     print("Deleting build folder")
diff --git a/.ci/docker/build.sh b/.ci/docker/build.sh
index aabfbd5a4772..49470a055808 100755
--- a/.ci/docker/build.sh
+++ b/.ci/docker/build.sh
@@ -456,12 +456,3 @@ elif [ "$HAS_TRITON" = "yes" ]; then
   echo "expecting triton to not be installed, but it is"
   exit 1
 fi
-
-# Sanity check cmake version.  Executorch reinstalls cmake and I'm not sure if
-# they support 4.0.0 yet, so exclude them from this check.
-CMAKE_VERSION=$(drun cmake --version)
-if [[ "$EXECUTORCH" != *yes* && "$CMAKE_VERSION" != *4.* ]]; then
-  echo "CMake version is not 4.0.0:"
-  drun cmake --version
-  exit 1
-fi
diff --git a/.ci/docker/common/install_triton.sh b/.ci/docker/common/install_triton.sh
index a965f0f743d4..695a373397ab 100755
--- a/.ci/docker/common/install_triton.sh
+++ b/.ci/docker/common/install_triton.sh
@@ -66,15 +66,15 @@ if [ -n "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" ] && [ -n "${GCC_VERSION}" ] && [[ "${GCC_VERSION}"
   # Triton needs at least gcc-9 to build
   apt-get install -y g++-9
 
-  CXX=g++-9 conda_run python setup.py bdist_wheel
+  CXX=g++-9 conda_run python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
 elif [ -n "${UBUNTU_VERSION}" ] && [ -n "${CLANG_VERSION}" ]; then
   # Triton needs <filesystem> which surprisingly is not available with clang-9 toolchain
   add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
   apt-get install -y g++-9
 
-  CXX=g++-9 conda_run python setup.py bdist_wheel
+  CXX=g++-9 conda_run python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
 else
-  conda_run python setup.py bdist_wheel
+  conda_run python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
 fi
 
 # Copy the wheel to /opt for multi stage docker builds
diff --git a/.ci/docker/requirements-ci.txt b/.ci/docker/requirements-ci.txt
index d4bdd9b2a9cb..0f4a3fb9e47e 100644
--- a/.ci/docker/requirements-ci.txt
+++ b/.ci/docker/requirements-ci.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ boto3==1.35.42
 #Pinned versions: 1.19.12, 1.16.34
 #test that import:
 
+build
+#Description: A simple, correct Python build frontend.
+#Pinned versions:
+#test that import:
+
 click
 #Description: Command Line Interface Creation Kit
 #Pinned versions:
@@ -381,7 +386,7 @@ dataclasses_json==0.6.7
 #Pinned versions: 0.6.7
 #test that import:
 
-cmake==4.0.0
+cmake==3.31.6
 #Description: required for building
 
 tlparse==0.3.30
diff --git a/.ci/manywheel/build_common.sh b/.ci/manywheel/build_common.sh
index 4c268befb30e..b84268fd1289 100644
--- a/.ci/manywheel/build_common.sh
+++ b/.ci/manywheel/build_common.sh
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ time CMAKE_ARGS=${CMAKE_ARGS[@]} \
     EXTRA_CAFFE2_CMAKE_FLAGS=${EXTRA_CAFFE2_CMAKE_FLAGS[@]} \
     BUILD_LIBTORCH_CPU_WITH_DEBUG=$BUILD_DEBUG_INFO \
     USE_NCCL=${USE_NCCL} USE_RCCL=${USE_RCCL} USE_KINETO=${USE_KINETO} \
-    python setup.py bdist_wheel -d /tmp/$WHEELHOUSE_DIR
+    python -m build --wheel --no-isolation --outdir /tmp/$WHEELHOUSE_DIR
 echo "Finished setup.py bdist at $(date)"
 
 # Build libtorch packages
diff --git a/.ci/pytorch/build.sh b/.ci/pytorch/build.sh
index 65f97389324a..cd541bba6b25 100755
--- a/.ci/pytorch/build.sh
+++ b/.ci/pytorch/build.sh
@@ -261,13 +261,13 @@ else
 
       WERROR=1 python setup.py clean
 
-      WERROR=1 python setup.py bdist_wheel
+      WERROR=1 python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
     else
       python setup.py clean
       if [[ "$BUILD_ENVIRONMENT" == *xla* ]]; then
         source .ci/pytorch/install_cache_xla.sh
       fi
-      python setup.py bdist_wheel
+      python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
     fi
     pip_install_whl "$(echo dist/*.whl)"
 
diff --git a/.ci/pytorch/macos-build.sh b/.ci/pytorch/macos-build.sh
index d7447e7d4858..c01efda11ea6 100755
--- a/.ci/pytorch/macos-build.sh
+++ b/.ci/pytorch/macos-build.sh
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ fi
 print_cmake_info
 if [[ ${BUILD_ENVIRONMENT} == *"distributed"* ]]; then
   # Needed for inductor benchmarks, as lots of HF networks make `torch.distribtued` calls
-  USE_DISTRIBUTED=1 USE_OPENMP=1 WERROR=1 python setup.py bdist_wheel
+  USE_DISTRIBUTED=1 USE_OPENMP=1 WERROR=1 python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
 else
   # Explicitly set USE_DISTRIBUTED=0 to align with the default build config on mac. This also serves as the sole CI config that tests
   # that building with USE_DISTRIBUTED=0 works at all. See https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/86448
-  USE_DISTRIBUTED=0 USE_OPENMP=1 MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0 WERROR=1 BUILD_TEST=OFF USE_PYTORCH_METAL=1 python setup.py bdist_wheel --plat-name macosx_11_0_arm64
+  USE_DISTRIBUTED=0 USE_OPENMP=1 MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0 WERROR=1 BUILD_TEST=OFF USE_PYTORCH_METAL=1 python -m build --wheel --no-isolation -C--build-option=--plat-name=macosx_11_0_arm64
 fi
 if which sccache > /dev/null; then
   print_sccache_stats
diff --git a/.ci/pytorch/test.sh b/.ci/pytorch/test.sh
index 724ba3792c1e..74fc47f421eb 100755
--- a/.ci/pytorch/test.sh
+++ b/.ci/pytorch/test.sh
@@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ EOF
   pip3 install -r requirements.txt
   # shellcheck source=./common-build.sh
   source "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/common-build.sh"
-  python setup.py bdist_wheel --bdist-dir="base_bdist_tmp" --dist-dir="base_dist"
+  python -m build --wheel --no-isolation -C--build-option=--bdist-dir="base_bdist_tmp" --outdir "base_dist"
   python -mpip install base_dist/*.whl
   echo "::endgroup::"
 
diff --git a/.ci/pytorch/win-test-helpers/build_pytorch.bat b/.ci/pytorch/win-test-helpers/build_pytorch.bat
index 7ceb425ce2d1..03db27847c1d 100644
--- a/.ci/pytorch/win-test-helpers/build_pytorch.bat
+++ b/.ci/pytorch/win-test-helpers/build_pytorch.bat
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ if "%USE_CUDA%"=="1" (
 :: Print all existing environment variable for debugging
 set
 
-python setup.py bdist_wheel
+python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
 if errorlevel 1 goto fail
 if not errorlevel 0 goto fail
 sccache --show-stats
diff --git a/.ci/pytorch/windows/arm64/build_pytorch.bat b/.ci/pytorch/windows/arm64/build_pytorch.bat
index 3363a2d08846..b5c2ef65b84a 100644
--- a/.ci/pytorch/windows/arm64/build_pytorch.bat
+++ b/.ci/pytorch/windows/arm64/build_pytorch.bat
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ sccache --zero-stats
 sccache --show-stats
 
 :: Call PyTorch build script
-python setup.py bdist_wheel -d "%PYTORCH_FINAL_PACKAGE_DIR%"
+python -m build --wheel --no-isolation --outdir "%PYTORCH_FINAL_PACKAGE_DIR%"
 
 :: show sccache stats
 sccache --show-stats
diff --git a/.ci/pytorch/windows/internal/setup.bat b/.ci/pytorch/windows/internal/setup.bat
index 71056540464c..34a5140cb1ee 100644
--- a/.ci/pytorch/windows/internal/setup.bat
+++ b/.ci/pytorch/windows/internal/setup.bat
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ copy /Y "%LIBTORCH_PREFIX%-%PYTORCH_BUILD_VERSION%.zip" "%PYTORCH_FINAL_PACKAGE_
 goto build_end
 
 :pytorch
-%PYTHON_EXEC% setup.py bdist_wheel -d "%PYTORCH_FINAL_PACKAGE_DIR%"
+%PYTHON_EXEC% -m build --wheel --no-isolation --outdir "%PYTORCH_FINAL_PACKAGE_DIR%"
 
 :build_end
 IF ERRORLEVEL 1 exit /b 1
diff --git a/.ci/wheel/build_wheel.sh b/.ci/wheel/build_wheel.sh
index b90e6f38e911..0e6c7a3235ac 100755
--- a/.ci/wheel/build_wheel.sh
+++ b/.ci/wheel/build_wheel.sh
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ export USE_QNNPACK=OFF
 export BUILD_TEST=OFF
 
 pushd "$pytorch_rootdir"
-echo "Calling setup.py bdist_wheel at $(date)"
+echo "Calling -m build --wheel --no-isolation at $(date)"
 
-python setup.py bdist_wheel -d "$whl_tmp_dir"
+python -m build --wheel --no-isolation --outdir "$whl_tmp_dir"
 
-echo "Finished setup.py bdist_wheel at $(date)"
+echo "Finished -m build --wheel --no-isolation at $(date)"
 
 if [[ $package_type != 'libtorch' ]]; then
     echo "delocating wheel dependencies"
diff --git a/.github/requirements/pip-requirements-macOS.txt b/.github/requirements/pip-requirements-macOS.txt
index 224835188d87..85ae4e015d20 100644
--- a/.github/requirements/pip-requirements-macOS.txt
+++ b/.github/requirements/pip-requirements-macOS.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 boto3==1.35.42
+build==1.2.2.post1
 cmake==3.27.*
 expecttest==0.3.0
 fbscribelogger==0.1.7
diff --git a/test/cpp_extensions/python_agnostic_extension/test/test_python_agnostic.py b/test/cpp_extensions/python_agnostic_extension/test/test_python_agnostic.py
index a64ddc8e440e..f0597191ea9b 100644
--- a/test/cpp_extensions/python_agnostic_extension/test/test_python_agnostic.py
+++ b/test/cpp_extensions/python_agnostic_extension/test/test_python_agnostic.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def setUpClass(cls):
             shutil.rmtree(cls.dist_dir)
 
         # Build the wheel
-        wheel_cmd = [sys.executable, "setup.py", "bdist_wheel"]
+        wheel_cmd = [sys.executable, "-m", "build", "--wheel", "--no-isolation"]
         return_code = shell(wheel_cmd, cwd=cls.extension_root, env=os.environ)
         if return_code != 0:
             raise RuntimeError("python_agnostic bdist_wheel failed to build")
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def setUpClass(cls):
     @onlyCUDA
     @unittest.skipIf(not IS_LINUX, "test requires linux tools ldd and nm")
     def test_extension_is_python_agnostic(self, device):
-        # For this test, run_test.py will call `python setup.py bdist_wheel` in the
+        # For this test, run_test.py will call `python -m build --wheel --no-isolation` in the
         # cpp_extensions/python_agnostic_extension folder, where the extension and
         # setup calls specify py_limited_api to `True`. To approximate that the
         # extension is indeed python agnostic, we test
diff --git a/test/run_test.py b/test/run_test.py
index 8a5861ba251f..051168cce47b 100755
--- a/test/run_test.py
+++ b/test/run_test.py
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ def _test_cpp_extensions_aot(test_directory, options, use_ninja):
         "--root",
         "./install",
     ]
-    wheel_cmd = [sys.executable, "setup.py", "bdist_wheel"]
+    wheel_cmd = [sys.executable, "-m", "build", "--wheel", "--no-isolation"]
     return_code = shell(install_cmd, cwd=cpp_extensions_test_dir, env=shell_env)
     if return_code != 0:
         return return_code
diff --git a/tools/packaging/build_wheel.py b/tools/packaging/build_wheel.py
index 10c4516a3280..dad2d8084967 100644
--- a/tools/packaging/build_wheel.py
+++ b/tools/packaging/build_wheel.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
 
 ROOT_PATH = Path(__file__).absolute().parent.parent.parent
-SETUP_PY_PATH = ROOT_PATH / "setup.py"
 REQUIREMENTS_PATH = ROOT_PATH / "requirements.txt"
 PYPROJECT_TOML_PATH = ROOT_PATH / "pyproject.toml"
 
@@ -143,18 +142,27 @@ class Builder:
     def __init__(self, interpreter: str) -> None:
         self.interpreter = interpreter
 
-    def setup_py(self, cmd_args: list[str]) -> bool:
+    def build_wheel(self, destination: str) -> bool:
+        logger.info("Running bdist_wheel -d %s", destination)
         return (
-            run_cmd([self.interpreter, str(SETUP_PY_PATH), *cmd_args]).returncode == 0
+            run_cmd(
+                [
+                    self.interpreter,
+                    "-m",
+                    "build",
+                    "--wheel",
+                    "--no-isolation",
+                    "--outdir",
+                    destination,
+                    str(ROOT_PATH),
+                ]
+            ).returncode
+            == 0
         )
 
-    def bdist_wheel(self, destination: str) -> bool:
-        logger.info("Running bdist_wheel -d %s", destination)
-        return self.setup_py(["bdist_wheel", "-d", destination])
-
     def clean(self) -> bool:
         logger.info("Running clean")
-        return self.setup_py(["clean"])
+        return run_cmd([self.interpreter, "setup.py", "clean"]).returncode == 0
 
     def install_requirements(self) -> None:
         logger.info("Installing requirements")
@@ -234,7 +242,7 @@ def main() -> None:
 
             start_time = time.time()
 
-            builder.bdist_wheel(args.destination)
+            builder.build_wheel(args.destination)
 
             end_time = time.time()