diff --git a/.github/workflows/continuous_integration.yml b/.github/workflows/continuous_integration.yml
index c50680c8..ad2ea03a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/continuous_integration.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/continuous_integration.yml
@@ -40,3 +40,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run Build
         run: bundle exec rake default
+
+      - name: Test Gem
+        run: bundle exec rake test:gem
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 929b80b2..4f147fe0 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -78,12 +78,14 @@ In order to ensure high quality, all pull requests must meet these requirements:
 
 ### Unit tests
   * All changes must be accompanied by new or modified unit tests
-  * The entire test suite must pass when `bundle exec rake test` is run from the
-    project's local working copy
-
-### Continuous Integration
-  * All tests must pass in the project's [Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/ruby-git/ruby-git)
-    build before the pull request will be merged
+  * The entire test suite must pass when `bundle exec rake default` is run from the
+    project's local working copy.
+
+### Continuous integration
+  * All tests must pass in the project's [GitHub Continuous Integration build](https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/actions?query=workflow%3ACI)
+    before the pull request will be merged.
+  * The [Continuous Integration workflow](https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/blob/master/.github/workflows/continuous_integration.yml)
+    runs both `bundle exec rake default` and `bundle exec rake test:gem` from the project's [Rakefile](https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/blob/master/Rakefile).
 
 ### Documentation
   * New and updated public methods must have [YARD](https://yardoc.org/)
diff --git a/Rakefile b/Rakefile
index cda2f8cf..730e580a 100644
--- a/Rakefile
+++ b/Rakefile
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'bundler/gem_tasks'
+require 'English'
 
 require "#{File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))}/lib/git/version"
 
@@ -41,4 +42,41 @@ unless RUBY_PLATFORM == 'java'
   # default_tasks << :yardstick
 end
 
+if RUBY_PLATFORM == 'java' && Gem.win_platform?
+  # Reimplement the :build and :install task for JRuby on Windows
+  # There is a bug in JRuby on Windows that makes the `build` task from `bundler/gem_tasks` fail.
+  # Once https://github.com/jruby/jruby/issues/6516 is fixed, this block can be deleted.
+  version = Git::VERSION
+  pkg_name = 'git'
+  gem_file = "pkg/#{pkg_name}-#{version}.gem"
+
+  Rake::Task[:build].clear
+  task :build do
+    FileUtils.mkdir 'pkg' unless File.exist? 'pkg'
+    `gem build #{pkg_name}.gemspec --output "#{gem_file}" --quiet`
+    raise 'Gem build failed' unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
+    puts "#{pkg_name} #{version} built to #{gem_file}."
+  end
+
+  Rake::Task[:install].clear
+  task :install => :build do
+    `gem install #{gem_file} --quiet`
+    raise 'Gem install failed' unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
+    puts "#{pkg_name} (#{version}) installed."
+  end
+
+  CLOBBER << gem_file
+end
+
+default_tasks << :build
+
 task default: default_tasks
+
+desc 'Build and install the git gem and run a sanity check'
+task :'test:gem' => :install do
+  output = `ruby -e "require 'git'; g = Git.open('.'); puts g.log.size"`.chomp
+  raise 'Gem test failed' unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
+  raise 'Expected gem test to return an integer' unless output =~ /^\d+$/
+
+  puts 'Gem Test Succeeded'
+end