clippy_lints/src/len_zero.rs

use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
use clippy_utils::source::{SpanRangeExt, snippet_with_context};
use clippy_utils::sugg::{Sugg, has_enclosing_paren};
use clippy_utils::ty::implements_trait;
use clippy_utils::{
    fulfill_or_allowed, get_parent_as_impl, is_trait_method, parent_item_name, peel_ref_operators, sym,
};
use rustc_ast::ast::LitKind;
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_hir::def::Res;
use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, DefIdSet};
use rustc_hir::{
    AssocItemKind, BinOpKind, Expr, ExprKind, FnRetTy, GenericArg, GenericBound, HirId, ImplItem, ImplItemKind,
    ImplicitSelfKind, Item, ItemKind, Mutability, Node, OpaqueTyOrigin, PatExprKind, PatKind, PathSegment, PrimTy,
    QPath, TraitItemRef, TyKind,
};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, FnSig, Ty};
use rustc_session::declare_lint_pass;
use rustc_span::source_map::Spanned;
use rustc_span::{Ident, Span, Symbol};
use rustc_trait_selection::traits::supertrait_def_ids;

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// ### What it does
    /// Checks for getting the length of something via `.len()`
    /// just to compare to zero, and suggests using `.is_empty()` where applicable.
    ///
    /// ### Why is this bad?
    /// Some structures can answer `.is_empty()` much faster
    /// than calculating their length. So it is good to get into the habit of using
    /// `.is_empty()`, and having it is cheap.
    /// Besides, it makes the intent clearer than a manual comparison in some contexts.
    ///
    /// ### Example
    /// ```ignore
    /// if x.len() == 0 {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    /// if y.len() != 0 {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    /// ```
    /// instead use
    /// ```ignore
    /// if x.is_empty() {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    /// if !y.is_empty() {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
    pub LEN_ZERO,
    style,
    "checking `.len() == 0` or `.len() > 0` (or similar) when `.is_empty()` could be used instead"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// ### What it does
    /// Checks for items that implement `.len()` but not
    /// `.is_empty()`.
    ///
    /// ### Why is this bad?
    /// It is good custom to have both methods, because for
    /// some data structures, asking about the length will be a costly operation,
    /// whereas `.is_empty()` can usually answer in constant time. Also it used to
    /// lead to false positives on the [`len_zero`](#len_zero) lint – currently that
    /// lint will ignore such entities.
    ///
    /// ### Example
    /// ```ignore
    /// impl X {
    ///     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
    ///         ..
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
    pub LEN_WITHOUT_IS_EMPTY,
    style,
    "traits or impls with a public `len` method but no corresponding `is_empty` method"
}

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// ### What it does
    /// Checks for comparing to an empty slice such as `""` or `[]`,
    /// and suggests using `.is_empty()` where applicable.
    ///
    /// ### Why is this bad?
    /// Some structures can answer `.is_empty()` much faster
    /// than checking for equality. So it is good to get into the habit of using
    /// `.is_empty()`, and having it is cheap.
    /// Besides, it makes the intent clearer than a manual comparison in some contexts.
    ///
    /// ### Example
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// if s == "" {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    ///
    /// if arr == [] {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    /// ```
    /// Use instead:
    /// ```ignore
    /// if s.is_empty() {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    ///
    /// if arr.is_empty() {
    ///     ..
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[clippy::version = "1.49.0"]
    pub COMPARISON_TO_EMPTY,
    style,
    "checking `x == \"\"` or `x == []` (or similar) when `.is_empty()` could be used instead"
}

declare_lint_pass!(LenZero => [LEN_ZERO, LEN_WITHOUT_IS_EMPTY, COMPARISON_TO_EMPTY]);

impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for LenZero {
    fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx Item<'_>) {
        if let ItemKind::Trait(_, _, ident, _, _, trait_items) = item.kind
            && !item.span.from_expansion()
        {
            check_trait_items(cx, item, ident, trait_items);
        }
    }

    fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx ImplItem<'_>) {
        if item.ident.name == sym::len
            && let ImplItemKind::Fn(sig, _) = &item.kind
            && sig.decl.implicit_self.has_implicit_self()
            && sig.decl.inputs.len() == 1
            && cx.effective_visibilities.is_exported(item.owner_id.def_id)
            && matches!(sig.decl.output, FnRetTy::Return(_))
            && let Some(imp) = get_parent_as_impl(cx.tcx, item.hir_id())
            && imp.of_trait.is_none()
            && let TyKind::Path(ty_path) = &imp.self_ty.kind
            && let Some(ty_id) = cx.qpath_res(ty_path, imp.self_ty.hir_id).opt_def_id()
            && let Some(local_id) = ty_id.as_local()
            && let ty_hir_id = cx.tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_id)
            && let Some(output) =
                parse_len_output(cx, cx.tcx.fn_sig(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder())
        {
            let (name, kind) = match cx.tcx.hir_node(ty_hir_id) {
                Node::ForeignItem(x) => (x.ident.name, "extern type"),
                Node::Item(x) => match x.kind {
                    ItemKind::Struct(ident, ..) => (ident.name, "struct"),
                    ItemKind::Enum(ident, ..) => (ident.name, "enum"),
                    ItemKind::Union(ident, ..) => (ident.name, "union"),
                    _ => (x.kind.ident().unwrap().name, "type"),
                },
                _ => return,
            };
            check_for_is_empty(
                cx,
                sig.span,
                sig.decl.implicit_self,
                output,
                ty_id,
                name,
                kind,
                item.hir_id(),
                ty_hir_id,
            );
        }
    }

    fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
        if let ExprKind::Let(lt) = expr.kind
            && match lt.pat.kind {
                PatKind::Slice([], None, []) => true,
                PatKind::Expr(lit) => match lit.kind {
                    PatExprKind::Lit { lit, .. } => match lit.node {
                        LitKind::Str(lit, _) => lit.as_str().is_empty(),
                        _ => false,
                    },
                    _ => false,
                },
                _ => false,
            }
            && !expr.span.from_expansion()
            && has_is_empty(cx, lt.init)
        {
            let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;

            let lit1 = peel_ref_operators(cx, lt.init);
            let lit_str = Sugg::hir_with_context(cx, lit1, lt.span.ctxt(), "_", &mut applicability).maybe_paren();

            span_lint_and_sugg(
                cx,
                COMPARISON_TO_EMPTY,
                lt.span,
                "comparison to empty slice using `if let`",
                "using `is_empty` is clearer and more explicit",
                format!("{lit_str}.is_empty()"),
                applicability,
            );
        }

        if let ExprKind::MethodCall(method, lhs_expr, [rhs_expr], _) = expr.kind
            && is_trait_method(cx, expr, sym::PartialEq)
            && !expr.span.from_expansion()
        {
            check_empty_expr(
                cx,
                expr.span,
                lhs_expr,
                peel_ref_operators(cx, rhs_expr),
                if method.ident.name == sym::ne {
                    "!"
                } else {
                    Default::default()
                },
            );
        }

        if let ExprKind::Binary(Spanned { node: cmp, .. }, left, right) = expr.kind
            && !expr.span.from_expansion()
        {
            // expr.span might contains parenthesis, see issue #10529
            let actual_span = span_without_enclosing_paren(cx, expr.span);
            match cmp {
                BinOpKind::Eq => {
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, left, right, "", 0); // len == 0
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, right, left, "", 0); // 0 == len
                },
                BinOpKind::Ne => {
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, left, right, "!", 0); // len != 0
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, right, left, "!", 0); // 0 != len
                },
                BinOpKind::Gt => {
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, left, right, "!", 0); // len > 0
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, right, left, "", 1); // 1 > len
                },
                BinOpKind::Lt => {
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, left, right, "", 1); // len < 1
                    check_cmp(cx, actual_span, right, left, "!", 0); // 0 < len
                },
                BinOpKind::Ge => check_cmp(cx, actual_span, left, right, "!", 1), // len >= 1
                BinOpKind::Le => check_cmp(cx, actual_span, right, left, "!", 1), // 1 <= len
                _ => (),
            }
        }
    }
}

fn span_without_enclosing_paren(cx: &LateContext<'_>, span: Span) -> Span {
    let Some(snippet) = span.get_source_text(cx) else {
        return span;
    };
    if has_enclosing_paren(snippet) {
        let source_map = cx.tcx.sess.source_map();
        let left_paren = source_map.start_point(span);
        let right_parent = source_map.end_point(span);
        left_paren.between(right_parent)
    } else {
        span
    }
}

fn check_trait_items(cx: &LateContext<'_>, visited_trait: &Item<'_>, ident: Ident, trait_items: &[TraitItemRef]) {
    fn is_named_self(cx: &LateContext<'_>, item: &TraitItemRef, name: Symbol) -> bool {
        item.ident.name == name
            && if let AssocItemKind::Fn { has_self } = item.kind {
                has_self && {
                    cx.tcx
                        .fn_sig(item.id.owner_id)
                        .skip_binder()
                        .inputs()
                        .skip_binder()
                        .len()
                        == 1
                }
            } else {
                false
            }
    }

    // fill the set with current and super traits
    fn fill_trait_set(traitt: DefId, set: &mut DefIdSet, cx: &LateContext<'_>) {
        if set.insert(traitt) {
            for supertrait in supertrait_def_ids(cx.tcx, traitt) {
                fill_trait_set(supertrait, set, cx);
            }
        }
    }

    if cx.effective_visibilities.is_exported(visited_trait.owner_id.def_id)
        && trait_items.iter().any(|i| is_named_self(cx, i, sym::len))
    {
        let mut current_and_super_traits = DefIdSet::default();
        fill_trait_set(visited_trait.owner_id.to_def_id(), &mut current_and_super_traits, cx);
        let is_empty_method_found = current_and_super_traits
            .items()
            .flat_map(|&i| cx.tcx.associated_items(i).filter_by_name_unhygienic(sym::is_empty))
            .any(|i| i.is_method() && cx.tcx.fn_sig(i.def_id).skip_binder().inputs().skip_binder().len() == 1);

        if !is_empty_method_found {
            span_lint(
                cx,
                LEN_WITHOUT_IS_EMPTY,
                visited_trait.span,
                format!(
                    "trait `{}` has a `len` method but no (possibly inherited) `is_empty` method",
                    ident.name
                ),
            );
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum LenOutput {
    Integral,
    Option(DefId),
    Result(DefId),
}

fn extract_future_output<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<&'tcx PathSegment<'tcx>> {
    if let ty::Alias(_, alias_ty) = ty.kind()
        && let Some(Node::OpaqueTy(opaque)) = cx.tcx.hir_get_if_local(alias_ty.def_id)
        && let OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn { .. } = opaque.origin
        && let [GenericBound::Trait(trait_ref)] = &opaque.bounds
        && let Some(segment) = trait_ref.trait_ref.path.segments.last()
        && let Some(generic_args) = segment.args
        && let [constraint] = generic_args.constraints
        && let Some(ty) = constraint.ty()
        && let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = ty.kind
        && let [segment] = path.segments
    {
        return Some(segment);
    }

    None
}

fn is_first_generic_integral<'tcx>(segment: &'tcx PathSegment<'tcx>) -> bool {
    if let Some(generic_args) = segment.args {
        if generic_args.args.is_empty() {
            return false;
        }
        let arg = &generic_args.args[0];
        if let GenericArg::Type(rustc_hir::Ty {
            kind: TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)),
            ..
        }) = arg
        {
            let segments = &path.segments;
            let segment = &segments[0];
            let res = &segment.res;
            if matches!(res, Res::PrimTy(PrimTy::Uint(_))) || matches!(res, Res::PrimTy(PrimTy::Int(_))) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    false
}

fn parse_len_output<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, sig: FnSig<'tcx>) -> Option<LenOutput> {
    if let Some(segment) = extract_future_output(cx, sig.output()) {
        let res = segment.res;

        if matches!(res, Res::PrimTy(PrimTy::Uint(_))) || matches!(res, Res::PrimTy(PrimTy::Int(_))) {
            return Some(LenOutput::Integral);
        }

        if let Res::Def(_, def_id) = res {
            if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Option, def_id) && is_first_generic_integral(segment) {
                return Some(LenOutput::Option(def_id));
            } else if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Result, def_id) && is_first_generic_integral(segment) {
                return Some(LenOutput::Result(def_id));
            }
        }

        return None;
    }

    match *sig.output().kind() {
        ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_) => Some(LenOutput::Integral),
        ty::Adt(adt, subs) if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Option, adt.did()) => {
            subs.type_at(0).is_integral().then(|| LenOutput::Option(adt.did()))
        },
        ty::Adt(adt, subs) if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Result, adt.did()) => {
            subs.type_at(0).is_integral().then(|| LenOutput::Result(adt.did()))
        },
        _ => None,
    }
}

impl LenOutput {
    fn matches_is_empty_output<'tcx>(self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
        if let Some(segment) = extract_future_output(cx, ty) {
            return match (self, segment.res) {
                (_, Res::PrimTy(PrimTy::Bool)) => true,
                (Self::Option(_), Res::Def(_, def_id)) if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Option, def_id) => true,
                (Self::Result(_), Res::Def(_, def_id)) if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Result, def_id) => true,
                _ => false,
            };
        }

        match (self, ty.kind()) {
            (_, &ty::Bool) => true,
            (Self::Option(id), &ty::Adt(adt, subs)) if id == adt.did() => subs.type_at(0).is_bool(),
            (Self::Result(id), &ty::Adt(adt, subs)) if id == adt.did() => subs.type_at(0).is_bool(),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    fn expected_sig(self, self_kind: ImplicitSelfKind) -> String {
        let self_ref = match self_kind {
            ImplicitSelfKind::RefImm => "&",
            ImplicitSelfKind::RefMut => "&mut ",
            _ => "",
        };
        match self {
            Self::Integral => format!("expected signature: `({self_ref}self) -> bool`"),
            Self::Option(_) => {
                format!("expected signature: `({self_ref}self) -> bool` or `({self_ref}self) -> Option<bool>")
            },
            Self::Result(..) => {
                format!("expected signature: `({self_ref}self) -> bool` or `({self_ref}self) -> Result<bool>")
            },
        }
    }
}

/// Checks if the given signature matches the expectations for `is_empty`
fn check_is_empty_sig<'tcx>(
    cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
    sig: FnSig<'tcx>,
    self_kind: ImplicitSelfKind,
    len_output: LenOutput,
) -> bool {
    match &**sig.inputs_and_output {
        [arg, res] if len_output.matches_is_empty_output(cx, *res) => {
            matches!(
                (arg.kind(), self_kind),
                (ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Not), ImplicitSelfKind::RefImm)
                    | (ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Mut), ImplicitSelfKind::RefMut)
            ) || (!arg.is_ref() && matches!(self_kind, ImplicitSelfKind::Imm | ImplicitSelfKind::Mut))
        },
        _ => false,
    }
}

/// Checks if the given type has an `is_empty` method with the appropriate signature.
#[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn check_for_is_empty(
    cx: &LateContext<'_>,
    span: Span,
    self_kind: ImplicitSelfKind,
    output: LenOutput,
    impl_ty: DefId,
    item_name: Symbol,
    item_kind: &str,
    len_method_hir_id: HirId,
    ty_decl_hir_id: HirId,
) {
    // Implementor may be a type alias, in which case we need to get the `DefId` of the aliased type to
    // find the correct inherent impls.
    let impl_ty = if let Some(adt) = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_ty).skip_binder().ty_adt_def() {
        adt.did()
    } else {
        return;
    };

    let is_empty = cx
        .tcx
        .inherent_impls(impl_ty)
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|&id| cx.tcx.associated_items(id).filter_by_name_unhygienic(sym::is_empty))
        .find(|item| item.is_fn());

    let (msg, is_empty_span, self_kind) = match is_empty {
        None => (
            format!(
                "{item_kind} `{}` has a public `len` method, but no `is_empty` method",
                item_name.as_str(),
            ),
            None,
            None,
        ),
        Some(is_empty) if !cx.effective_visibilities.is_exported(is_empty.def_id.expect_local()) => (
            format!(
                "{item_kind} `{}` has a public `len` method, but a private `is_empty` method",
                item_name.as_str(),
            ),
            Some(cx.tcx.def_span(is_empty.def_id)),
            None,
        ),
        Some(is_empty)
            if !(is_empty.is_method()
                && check_is_empty_sig(
                    cx,
                    cx.tcx.fn_sig(is_empty.def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder(),
                    self_kind,
                    output,
                )) =>
        {
            (
                format!(
                    "{item_kind} `{}` has a public `len` method, but the `is_empty` method has an unexpected signature",
                    item_name.as_str(),
                ),
                Some(cx.tcx.def_span(is_empty.def_id)),
                Some(self_kind),
            )
        },
        Some(_) => return,
    };

    if !fulfill_or_allowed(cx, LEN_WITHOUT_IS_EMPTY, [len_method_hir_id, ty_decl_hir_id]) {
        span_lint_and_then(cx, LEN_WITHOUT_IS_EMPTY, span, msg, |db| {
            if let Some(span) = is_empty_span {
                db.span_note(span, "`is_empty` defined here");
            }
            if let Some(self_kind) = self_kind {
                db.note(output.expected_sig(self_kind));
            }
        });
    }
}

fn check_cmp(cx: &LateContext<'_>, span: Span, method: &Expr<'_>, lit: &Expr<'_>, op: &str, compare_to: u32) {
    if method.span.from_expansion() {
        return;
    }

    if let (&ExprKind::MethodCall(method_path, receiver, [], _), ExprKind::Lit(lit)) = (&method.kind, &lit.kind) {
        // check if we are in an is_empty() method
        if parent_item_name(cx, method) == Some(sym::is_empty) {
            return;
        }

        check_len(cx, span, method_path.ident.name, receiver, &lit.node, op, compare_to);
    } else {
        check_empty_expr(cx, span, method, lit, op);
    }
}

fn check_len(
    cx: &LateContext<'_>,
    span: Span,
    method_name: Symbol,
    receiver: &Expr<'_>,
    lit: &LitKind,
    op: &str,
    compare_to: u32,
) {
    if let LitKind::Int(lit, _) = *lit {
        // check if length is compared to the specified number
        if lit != u128::from(compare_to) {
            return;
        }

        if method_name == sym::len && has_is_empty(cx, receiver) {
            let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
            span_lint_and_sugg(
                cx,
                LEN_ZERO,
                span,
                format!("length comparison to {}", if compare_to == 0 { "zero" } else { "one" }),
                format!("using `{op}is_empty` is clearer and more explicit"),
                format!(
                    "{op}{}.is_empty()",
                    snippet_with_context(cx, receiver.span, span.ctxt(), "_", &mut applicability).0,
                ),
                applicability,
            );
        }
    }
}

fn check_empty_expr(cx: &LateContext<'_>, span: Span, lit1: &Expr<'_>, lit2: &Expr<'_>, op: &str) {
    if (is_empty_array(lit2) || is_empty_string(lit2)) && has_is_empty(cx, lit1) {
        let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;

        let lit1 = peel_ref_operators(cx, lit1);
        let lit_str = Sugg::hir_with_context(cx, lit1, span.ctxt(), "_", &mut applicability).maybe_paren();

        span_lint_and_sugg(
            cx,
            COMPARISON_TO_EMPTY,
            span,
            "comparison to empty slice",
            format!("using `{op}is_empty` is clearer and more explicit"),
            format!("{op}{lit_str}.is_empty()"),
            applicability,
        );
    }
}

fn is_empty_string(expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
    if let ExprKind::Lit(lit) = expr.kind
        && let LitKind::Str(lit, _) = lit.node
    {
        let lit = lit.as_str();
        return lit.is_empty();
    }
    false
}

fn is_empty_array(expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
    if let ExprKind::Array(arr) = expr.kind {
        return arr.is_empty();
    }
    false
}

/// Checks if this type has an `is_empty` method.
fn has_is_empty(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
    /// Gets an `AssocItem` and return true if it matches `is_empty(self)`.
    fn is_is_empty(cx: &LateContext<'_>, item: &ty::AssocItem) -> bool {
        if item.is_fn() {
            let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(item.def_id).skip_binder();
            let ty = sig.skip_binder();
            ty.inputs().len() == 1
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    /// Checks the inherent impl's items for an `is_empty(self)` method.
    fn has_is_empty_impl(cx: &LateContext<'_>, id: DefId) -> bool {
        cx.tcx.inherent_impls(id).iter().any(|imp| {
            cx.tcx
                .associated_items(*imp)
                .filter_by_name_unhygienic(sym::is_empty)
                .any(|item| is_is_empty(cx, item))
        })
    }

    fn ty_has_is_empty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, depth: usize) -> bool {
        match ty.kind() {
            ty::Dynamic(tt, ..) => tt.principal().is_some_and(|principal| {
                cx.tcx
                    .associated_items(principal.def_id())
                    .filter_by_name_unhygienic(sym::is_empty)
                    .any(|item| is_is_empty(cx, item))
            }),
            ty::Alias(ty::Projection, proj) => has_is_empty_impl(cx, proj.def_id),
            ty::Adt(id, _) => {
                has_is_empty_impl(cx, id.did())
                    || (cx.tcx.recursion_limit().value_within_limit(depth)
                        && cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Deref).is_some_and(|deref_id| {
                            implements_trait(cx, ty, deref_id, &[])
                                && cx
                                    .get_associated_type(ty, deref_id, sym::Target)
                                    .is_some_and(|deref_ty| ty_has_is_empty(cx, deref_ty, depth + 1))
                        }))
            },
            ty::Array(..) | ty::Slice(..) | ty::Str => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    ty_has_is_empty(cx, cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr).peel_refs(), 0)
}