diff --git a/sklearn/covariance/_shrunk_covariance.py b/sklearn/covariance/_shrunk_covariance.py
index bba1a6216bb56..c195076fb8be7 100644
--- a/sklearn/covariance/_shrunk_covariance.py
+++ b/sklearn/covariance/_shrunk_covariance.py
@@ -43,6 +43,31 @@ def _ledoit_wolf(X, *, assume_centered, block_size):
     return shrunk_cov, shrinkage
 
 
+def _oas(X, *, assume_centered=False):
+    """Estimate covariance with the Oracle Approximating Shrinkage algorithm."""
+    # for only one feature, the result is the same whatever the shrinkage
+    if len(X.shape) == 2 and X.shape[1] == 1:
+        if not assume_centered:
+            X = X - X.mean()
+        return np.atleast_2d((X**2).mean()), 0.0
+
+    n_samples, n_features = X.shape
+
+    emp_cov = empirical_covariance(X, assume_centered=assume_centered)
+    mu = np.trace(emp_cov) / n_features
+
+    # formula from Chen et al.'s **implementation**
+    alpha = np.mean(emp_cov**2)
+    num = alpha + mu**2
+    den = (n_samples + 1.0) * (alpha - (mu**2) / n_features)
+
+    shrinkage = 1.0 if den == 0 else min(num / den, 1.0)
+    shrunk_cov = (1.0 - shrinkage) * emp_cov
+    shrunk_cov.flat[:: n_features + 1] += shrinkage * mu
+
+    return shrunk_cov, shrinkage
+
+
 ###############################################################################
 # Public API
 # ShrunkCovariance estimator
@@ -503,6 +528,7 @@ def fit(self, X, y=None):
 
 
 # OAS estimator
+@validate_params({"X": ["array-like"]})
 def oas(X, *, assume_centered=False):
     """Estimate covariance with the Oracle Approximating Shrinkage algorithm.
 
@@ -537,35 +563,10 @@ def oas(X, *, assume_centered=False):
     The formula we used to implement the OAS is slightly modified compared
     to the one given in the article. See :class:`OAS` for more details.
     """
-    X = np.asarray(X)
-    # for only one feature, the result is the same whatever the shrinkage
-    if len(X.shape) == 2 and X.shape[1] == 1:
-        if not assume_centered:
-            X = X - X.mean()
-        return np.atleast_2d((X**2).mean()), 0.0
-    if X.ndim == 1:
-        X = np.reshape(X, (1, -1))
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Only one sample available. You may want to reshape your data array"
-        )
-        n_samples = 1
-        n_features = X.size
-    else:
-        n_samples, n_features = X.shape
-
-    emp_cov = empirical_covariance(X, assume_centered=assume_centered)
-    mu = np.trace(emp_cov) / n_features
-
-    # formula from Chen et al.'s **implementation**
-    alpha = np.mean(emp_cov**2)
-    num = alpha + mu**2
-    den = (n_samples + 1.0) * (alpha - (mu**2) / n_features)
-
-    shrinkage = 1.0 if den == 0 else min(num / den, 1.0)
-    shrunk_cov = (1.0 - shrinkage) * emp_cov
-    shrunk_cov.flat[:: n_features + 1] += shrinkage * mu
-
-    return shrunk_cov, shrinkage
+    estimator = OAS(
+        assume_centered=assume_centered,
+    ).fit(X)
+    return estimator.covariance_, estimator.shrinkage_
 
 
 class OAS(EmpiricalCovariance):
@@ -697,7 +698,7 @@ def fit(self, X, y=None):
         else:
             self.location_ = X.mean(0)
 
-        covariance, shrinkage = oas(X - self.location_, assume_centered=True)
+        covariance, shrinkage = _oas(X - self.location_, assume_centered=True)
         self.shrinkage_ = shrinkage
         self._set_covariance(covariance)
 
diff --git a/sklearn/covariance/tests/test_covariance.py b/sklearn/covariance/tests/test_covariance.py
index fb4eeb26138df..bbd3a4757a835 100644
--- a/sklearn/covariance/tests/test_covariance.py
+++ b/sklearn/covariance/tests/test_covariance.py
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 )
 from sklearn.covariance._shrunk_covariance import _ledoit_wolf
 
+from .._shrunk_covariance import _oas
+
 X, _ = datasets.load_diabetes(return_X_y=True)
 X_1d = X[:, 0]
 n_samples, n_features = X.shape
@@ -336,6 +338,16 @@ def test_oas():
     assert_almost_equal(oa.score(X), score_, 4)
     assert oa.precision_ is None
 
+    # test function _oas without assuming centered data
+    X_1f = X[:, 0:1]
+    oa = OAS()
+    oa.fit(X_1f)
+    # compare shrunk covariance obtained from data and from MLE estimate
+    _oa_cov_from_mle, _oa_shrinkage_from_mle = _oas(X_1f)
+    assert_array_almost_equal(_oa_cov_from_mle, oa.covariance_, 4)
+    assert_almost_equal(_oa_shrinkage_from_mle, oa.shrinkage_)
+    assert_array_almost_equal((X_1f**2).sum() / n_samples, oa.covariance_, 4)
+
 
 def test_EmpiricalCovariance_validates_mahalanobis():
     """Checks that EmpiricalCovariance validates data with mahalanobis."""
diff --git a/sklearn/tests/test_public_functions.py b/sklearn/tests/test_public_functions.py
index 0d01428b8db4b..cef75b9be9d4b 100644
--- a/sklearn/tests/test_public_functions.py
+++ b/sklearn/tests/test_public_functions.py
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ def test_function_param_validation(func_module):
 PARAM_VALIDATION_CLASS_WRAPPER_LIST = [
     ("sklearn.decomposition.non_negative_factorization", "sklearn.decomposition.NMF"),
     ("sklearn.covariance.ledoit_wolf", "sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf"),
+    ("sklearn.covariance.oas", "sklearn.covariance.OAS"),
 ]