Currently looks like its not possible to set global sender without setting sender in message
I tried to set sender globally with:

Symfony\Component\Mailer\EventListener\EnvelopeListener:
    arguments:
        $sender: '%sender%'

and create message with:

$message = new Email();
$message
    ->to($email)
    ->text('Hello world')
;

but got Cannot send message without a valid envelope. (Unable to determine the sender of the message.) because MessageEvent dispatched after SmtpEnvelop created in AbstractTransport

so I need to fill sender with a dummy email:

$message = new Email();
$message
    ->from('noreply@example.com')
    ->to($email)
    ->text('Hello world')
;