from datetime import datetime

# ref. https://pyformat.info/

if __name__ == "__main__":

print('%s %s' % ('one', 'two')) # old method

print('{} {}'.format('one', 'two'))

print('{0} {1}'.format('one', 'two'))

print('{1} {0}'.format('one', 'two'))

print('{:.2}'.format(0.87666))

print('{:.2%}'.format(0.873))

print('{:>10}'.format('test'))

print('{:.5}'.format('abcdefgh'))

print('{:d}'.format(42))

# print('{:d}'.format('42')) # error

print('{:f}'.format(3.141592653589793))

print('{:.2f}'.format(3.141592653589793)) # rounded to two decimal place

# print('{:d}'.format(3.141592653589793)) # error

print('{:0,}'.format(31234.14159)) # Format with commas

print('{:0,.2f}'.format(31234.14159)) # rounded to two decimal place + Format with commas

print("{:07d}".format(10)) # -> 0000010

data_dic = {

'first': 'TWT',

'last': 'rubiks'

}

print('%(first)s %(last)s' % data_dic) # old method

print('{first} {last}'.format(**data_dic))

data = [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

print('{d[4]} {d[5]}'.format(d=data))

# datetime format

print('{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M}'.format(datetime(2017, 2, 3, 4, 5)))

DATETIME_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'

print('{:{}}'.format(datetime(2017, 2, 3, 4, 5), DATETIME_FORMAT))