diff --git a/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/unified-signatures.ts b/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/unified-signatures.ts
index c58e3308572..809b19dd1aa 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/unified-signatures.ts
+++ b/packages/eslint-plugin/src/rules/unified-signatures.ts
@@ -264,6 +264,14 @@ export default createRule<Options, MessageIds>({
       types1: readonly TSESTree.Parameter[],
       types2: readonly TSESTree.Parameter[],
     ): Unify | undefined {
+      const firstParam1 = types1[0];
+      const firstParam2 = types2[0];
+
+      // exempt signatures with `this: void` from the rule
+      if (isThisVoidParam(firstParam1) || isThisVoidParam(firstParam2)) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
       const index = getIndexOfFirstDifference(
         types1,
         types2,
@@ -294,6 +302,22 @@ export default createRule<Options, MessageIds>({
         : undefined;
     }
 
+    function isThisParam(param: TSESTree.Parameter | undefined): boolean {
+      return (
+        param != null &&
+        param.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.Identifier &&
+        param.name === 'this'
+      );
+    }
+
+    function isThisVoidParam(param: TSESTree.Parameter | undefined) {
+      return (
+        isThisParam(param) &&
+        (param as TSESTree.Identifier).typeAnnotation?.typeAnnotation.type ===
+          AST_NODE_TYPES.TSVoidKeyword
+      );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Detect `a(): void` and `a(x: number): void`.
      * Returns the parameter declaration (`x: number` in this example) that should be optional/rest, and overload it's a part of.
@@ -310,6 +334,19 @@ export default createRule<Options, MessageIds>({
       const shorter = sig1.length < sig2.length ? sig1 : sig2;
       const shorterSig = sig1.length < sig2.length ? a : b;
 
+      const firstParam1 = sig1.at(0);
+      const firstParam2 = sig2.at(0);
+      // If one signature has explicit this type and another doesn't, they can't
+      // be unified.
+      if (isThisParam(firstParam1) !== isThisParam(firstParam2)) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      // exempt signatures with `this: void` from the rule
+      if (isThisVoidParam(firstParam1) || isThisVoidParam(firstParam2)) {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
       // If one is has 2+ parameters more than the other, they must all be optional/rest.
       // Differ by optional parameters: f() and f(x), f() and f(x, ?y, ...z)
       // Not allowed: f() and f(x, y)
diff --git a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/unified-signatures.test.ts b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/unified-signatures.test.ts
index dd8412b53ef..30952ddebb0 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/unified-signatures.test.ts
+++ b/packages/eslint-plugin/tests/rules/unified-signatures.test.ts
@@ -380,6 +380,21 @@ declare function f(x: boolean): unknown;
       `,
       options: [{ ignoreOverloadsWithDifferentJSDoc: true }],
     },
+    `
+function f(): void;
+function f(this: {}): void;
+function f(this: void | {}): void {}
+    `,
+    `
+function f(a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: {}, a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: void | {}, a: boolean): void {}
+    `,
+    `
+function f(this: void, a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: {}, a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: void | {}, a: boolean): void {}
+    `,
   ],
   invalid: [
     {
@@ -1136,5 +1151,73 @@ declare function f(x: boolean): unknown;
       ],
       options: [{ ignoreOverloadsWithDifferentJSDoc: true }],
     },
+    {
+      code: `
+function f(this: {}, a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: {}, a: string): void;
+function f(this: {}, a: boolean | string): void {}
+      `,
+      errors: [
+        {
+          column: 22,
+          line: 3,
+          messageId: 'singleParameterDifference',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: `
+function f(this: {}): void;
+function f(this: {}, a: string): void;
+function f(this: {}, a?: string): void {}
+      `,
+      errors: [
+        {
+          column: 22,
+          line: 3,
+          messageId: 'omittingSingleParameter',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: `
+function f(this: string): void;
+function f(this: number): void;
+function f(this: string | number): void {}
+      `,
+      errors: [
+        {
+          column: 12,
+          data: {
+            failureStringStart:
+              'These overloads can be combined into one signature',
+            type1: 'string',
+            type2: 'number',
+          },
+          line: 3,
+          messageId: 'singleParameterDifference',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      code: `
+function f(this: string, a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: number, a: boolean): void;
+function f(this: string | number, a: boolean): void {}
+      `,
+      errors: [
+        {
+          column: 12,
+          data: {
+            failureStringStart:
+              'These overloads can be combined into one signature',
+            type1: 'string',
+            type2: 'number',
+          },
+          line: 3,
+          messageId: 'singleParameterDifference',
+        },
+      ],
+    },
   ],
 });