diff --git a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ExportNamedDeclaration/spec.ts b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ExportNamedDeclaration/spec.ts
index bf4d9ea86d2..a8f476477a7 100644
--- a/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ExportNamedDeclaration/spec.ts
+++ b/packages/ast-spec/src/declaration/ExportNamedDeclaration/spec.ts
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ import type { AST_NODE_TYPES } from '../../ast-node-types';
 import type { BaseNode } from '../../base/BaseNode';
 import type { ExportSpecifier } from '../../special/ExportSpecifier/spec';
 import type { ExportDeclaration } from '../../unions/ExportDeclaration';
-import type { Expression } from '../../unions/Expression';
+import type { Literal } from '../../unions/Literal';
 import type { ExportKind } from '../ExportAndImportKind';
 
 export interface ExportNamedDeclaration extends BaseNode {
   type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportNamedDeclaration;
   declaration: ExportDeclaration | null;
   specifiers: ExportSpecifier[];
-  source: Expression | null;
+  source: Literal | null;
   exportKind: ExportKind;
 }
diff --git a/packages/shared-fixtures/fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src.js b/packages/shared-fixtures/fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29faf851822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/shared-fixtures/fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { foo } from bar;
diff --git a/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts b/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts
index 7f8514d8bc0..ffacd1d8a8f 100644
--- a/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts
+++ b/packages/typescript-estree/src/convert.ts
@@ -724,6 +724,21 @@ export class Converter {
     }
   }
 
+  private assertModuleSpecifier(
+    node: ts.ExportDeclaration | ts.ImportDeclaration,
+  ): void {
+    if (
+      node.moduleSpecifier &&
+      node.moduleSpecifier.kind !== SyntaxKind.StringLiteral
+    ) {
+      throw createError(
+        this.ast,
+        node.moduleSpecifier.pos,
+        'Module specifier must be a string literal.',
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node.
    * The core of the conversion logic:
@@ -1690,6 +1705,8 @@ export class Converter {
         });
 
       case SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration: {
+        this.assertModuleSpecifier(node);
+
         const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportDeclaration>(node, {
           type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportDeclaration,
           source: this.convertChild(node.moduleSpecifier),
@@ -1748,7 +1765,8 @@ export class Converter {
         });
       }
 
-      case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration:
+      case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration: {
+        this.assertModuleSpecifier(node);
         if (node.exportClause?.kind === SyntaxKind.NamedExports) {
           return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportNamedDeclaration>(node, {
             type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportNamedDeclaration,
@@ -1775,6 +1793,7 @@ export class Converter {
                 : null,
           });
         }
+      }
 
       case SyntaxKind.ExportSpecifier:
         return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportSpecifier>(node, {
diff --git a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/lib/__snapshots__/semantic-diagnostics-enabled.test.ts.snap b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/lib/__snapshots__/semantic-diagnostics-enabled.test.ts.snap
index 7a972315f31..4d07cbc4128 100644
--- a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/lib/__snapshots__/semantic-diagnostics-enabled.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/lib/__snapshots__/semantic-diagnostics-enabled.test.ts.snap
@@ -908,6 +908,15 @@ TSError {
 }
 `;
 
+exports[`Parse all fixtures with "errorOnTypeScriptSyntacticAndSemanticIssues" enabled fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src 1`] = `
+TSError {
+  "column": 19,
+  "index": 19,
+  "lineNumber": 1,
+  "message": "Module specifier must be a string literal.",
+}
+`;
+
 exports[`Parse all fixtures with "errorOnTypeScriptSyntacticAndSemanticIssues" enabled fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-export-named-default.src 1`] = `"TEST OUTPUT: No semantic or syntactic issues found"`;
 
 exports[`Parse all fixtures with "errorOnTypeScriptSyntacticAndSemanticIssues" enabled fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-export-named-extra-comma.src 1`] = `
@@ -966,10 +975,10 @@ TSError {
 
 exports[`Parse all fixtures with "errorOnTypeScriptSyntacticAndSemanticIssues" enabled fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-import-default-module-specifier.src 1`] = `
 TSError {
-  "column": 16,
-  "index": 16,
+  "column": 15,
+  "index": 15,
   "lineNumber": 1,
-  "message": "String literal expected.",
+  "message": "Module specifier must be a string literal.",
 }
 `;
 
@@ -984,10 +993,10 @@ TSError {
 
 exports[`Parse all fixtures with "errorOnTypeScriptSyntacticAndSemanticIssues" enabled fixtures/javascript/modules/invalid-import-module-specifier.src 1`] = `
 TSError {
-  "column": 18,
-  "index": 18,
+  "column": 17,
+  "index": 17,
   "lineNumber": 1,
-  "message": "String literal expected.",
+  "message": "Module specifier must be a string literal.",
 }
 `;
 
diff --git a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src.js.shot b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src.js.shot
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5467f678c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-export-module-specifier.src.js.shot
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`javascript modules invalid-export-module-specifier.src 1`] = `
+TSError {
+  "column": 19,
+  "index": 19,
+  "lineNumber": 1,
+  "message": "Module specifier must be a string literal.",
+}
+`;
diff --git a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-default-module-specifier.src.js.shot b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-default-module-specifier.src.js.shot
index 11bb8f0abb0..0754b716ae5 100644
--- a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-default-module-specifier.src.js.shot
+++ b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-default-module-specifier.src.js.shot
@@ -1,190 +1,10 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
 
 exports[`javascript modules invalid-import-default-module-specifier.src 1`] = `
-Object {
-  "body": Array [
-    Object {
-      "importKind": "value",
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 20,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 0,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        0,
-        20,
-      ],
-      "source": Object {
-        "loc": Object {
-          "end": Object {
-            "column": 19,
-            "line": 1,
-          },
-          "start": Object {
-            "column": 16,
-            "line": 1,
-          },
-        },
-        "name": "bar",
-        "range": Array [
-          16,
-          19,
-        ],
-        "type": "Identifier",
-      },
-      "specifiers": Array [
-        Object {
-          "loc": Object {
-            "end": Object {
-              "column": 10,
-              "line": 1,
-            },
-            "start": Object {
-              "column": 7,
-              "line": 1,
-            },
-          },
-          "local": Object {
-            "loc": Object {
-              "end": Object {
-                "column": 10,
-                "line": 1,
-              },
-              "start": Object {
-                "column": 7,
-                "line": 1,
-              },
-            },
-            "name": "foo",
-            "range": Array [
-              7,
-              10,
-            ],
-            "type": "Identifier",
-          },
-          "range": Array [
-            7,
-            10,
-          ],
-          "type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
-        },
-      ],
-      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
-    },
-  ],
-  "comments": Array [],
-  "loc": Object {
-    "end": Object {
-      "column": 0,
-      "line": 2,
-    },
-    "start": Object {
-      "column": 0,
-      "line": 1,
-    },
-  },
-  "range": Array [
-    0,
-    21,
-  ],
-  "sourceType": "module",
-  "tokens": Array [
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 6,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 0,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        0,
-        6,
-      ],
-      "type": "Keyword",
-      "value": "import",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 10,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 7,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        7,
-        10,
-      ],
-      "type": "Identifier",
-      "value": "foo",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 15,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 11,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        11,
-        15,
-      ],
-      "type": "Identifier",
-      "value": "from",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 19,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 16,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        16,
-        19,
-      ],
-      "type": "Identifier",
-      "value": "bar",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 20,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 19,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        19,
-        20,
-      ],
-      "type": "Punctuator",
-      "value": ";",
-    },
-  ],
-  "type": "Program",
+TSError {
+  "column": 15,
+  "index": 15,
+  "lineNumber": 1,
+  "message": "Module specifier must be a string literal.",
 }
 `;
diff --git a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-module-specifier.src.js.shot b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-module-specifier.src.js.shot
index f810bb25d0c..d456d2e4679 100644
--- a/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-module-specifier.src.js.shot
+++ b/packages/typescript-estree/tests/snapshots/javascript/modules/invalid-import-module-specifier.src.js.shot
@@ -1,227 +1,10 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
 
 exports[`javascript modules invalid-import-module-specifier.src 1`] = `
-Object {
-  "body": Array [
-    Object {
-      "declaration": null,
-      "exportKind": "value",
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 21,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 0,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        0,
-        21,
-      ],
-      "source": Object {
-        "loc": Object {
-          "end": Object {
-            "column": 21,
-            "line": 1,
-          },
-          "start": Object {
-            "column": 18,
-            "line": 1,
-          },
-        },
-        "name": "bar",
-        "range": Array [
-          18,
-          21,
-        ],
-        "type": "Identifier",
-      },
-      "specifiers": Array [
-        Object {
-          "exported": Object {
-            "loc": Object {
-              "end": Object {
-                "column": 11,
-                "line": 1,
-              },
-              "start": Object {
-                "column": 8,
-                "line": 1,
-              },
-            },
-            "name": "foo",
-            "range": Array [
-              8,
-              11,
-            ],
-            "type": "Identifier",
-          },
-          "loc": Object {
-            "end": Object {
-              "column": 11,
-              "line": 1,
-            },
-            "start": Object {
-              "column": 8,
-              "line": 1,
-            },
-          },
-          "local": Object {
-            "loc": Object {
-              "end": Object {
-                "column": 11,
-                "line": 1,
-              },
-              "start": Object {
-                "column": 8,
-                "line": 1,
-              },
-            },
-            "name": "foo",
-            "range": Array [
-              8,
-              11,
-            ],
-            "type": "Identifier",
-          },
-          "range": Array [
-            8,
-            11,
-          ],
-          "type": "ExportSpecifier",
-        },
-      ],
-      "type": "ExportNamedDeclaration",
-    },
-  ],
-  "comments": Array [],
-  "loc": Object {
-    "end": Object {
-      "column": 0,
-      "line": 2,
-    },
-    "start": Object {
-      "column": 0,
-      "line": 1,
-    },
-  },
-  "range": Array [
-    0,
-    22,
-  ],
-  "sourceType": "module",
-  "tokens": Array [
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 6,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 0,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        0,
-        6,
-      ],
-      "type": "Keyword",
-      "value": "export",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 8,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 7,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        7,
-        8,
-      ],
-      "type": "Punctuator",
-      "value": "{",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 11,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 8,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        8,
-        11,
-      ],
-      "type": "Identifier",
-      "value": "foo",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 12,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 11,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        11,
-        12,
-      ],
-      "type": "Punctuator",
-      "value": "}",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 17,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 13,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        13,
-        17,
-      ],
-      "type": "Identifier",
-      "value": "from",
-    },
-    Object {
-      "loc": Object {
-        "end": Object {
-          "column": 21,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-        "start": Object {
-          "column": 18,
-          "line": 1,
-        },
-      },
-      "range": Array [
-        18,
-        21,
-      ],
-      "type": "Identifier",
-      "value": "bar",
-    },
-  ],
-  "type": "Program",
+TSError {
+  "column": 17,
+  "index": 17,
+  "lineNumber": 1,
+  "message": "Module specifier must be a string literal.",
 }
 `;