\section{History of the software}

Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting

Mathematisch Centrum (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor of a

language called ABC. Guido is Python's principal author, although it

includes many contributions from others. The last version released

from CWI was Python 1.2. In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python

at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) in Reston,

Virginia where he released several versions of the software. Python

1.6 was the last of the versions released by CNRI. In 2000, Guido and

the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com to form the

BeOpen PythonLabs team. Python 2.0 was the first and only release

from BeOpen.com.

Following the release of Python 1.6, and after Guido van Rossum left

CNRI to work with commercial software developers, it became clear that

the ability to use Python with software available under the GNU Public

License (GPL) was very desirable. CNRI and the Free Software

Foundation (FSF) interacted to develop enabling wording changes to the

Python license. Python 1.6.1 is essentially the same as Python 1.6,

with a few minor bug fixes, and with a different license that enables

later versions to be GPL-compatible. Python 2.0.1 is a derivative work

of Python 1.6.1, as well as of Python 2.0.

After Python 2.0 was released by BeOpen.com, Guido van Rossum and the

other PythonLabs developers joined Digital Creations. All

intellectual property added from this point on, including Python

2.0.1 and its alpha and beta releases, is owned by the Python Software

Foundation (PSF), a non-profit modeled after the Apache Software

Foundation. See \url{http://www.python.org/psf/} for more information

about the PSF.

Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's

direction to make these releases possible.

\section{Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python}

\centerline{\strong{PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT}}

\begin{enumerate}

This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation

(``PSF''), and the Individual or Organization (``Licensee'') accessing

and otherwise using Python \version{} software in source or binary

form and its associated documentation.

Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF

hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide

license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,

prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python

\version{} alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that

PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e.,

Reserved'' are retained in Python \version{} alone or in any

derivative version prepared by Licensee.

In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on

or incorporates Python \version{} or any part thereof, and wants to

make the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then

Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of

the changes made to Python \version.

PSF is making Python \version{} available to Licensee on an ``AS IS''

basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND

DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON \version{} WILL

NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON

\version{} FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR

LOSS AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON

\version, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE

POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material

breach of its terms and conditions.

Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any

relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and

Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF

trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote

products or services of Licensee, or any third party.

By copying, installing or otherwise using Python \version, Licensee

agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License

Agreement.

\end{enumerate}

\centerline{\strong{BEOPEN.COM TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR PYTHON 2.0}}

\centerline{\strong{BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1}}

\begin{enumerate}

This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com (``BeOpen''), having an

office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the

Individual or Organization (``Licensee'') accessing and otherwise

using this software in source or binary form and its associated

documentation (``the Software'').

Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License

Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,

royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform

and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and

otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,

provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the

Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.

BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an ``AS IS''

basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND

DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT

INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE

SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS

AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY

DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material

breach of its terms and conditions.

This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all

respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of

law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to

create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture

between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant

permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark

sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any

third party. As an exception, the ``BeOpen Python'' logos available

at http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the

permissions granted on that web page.

By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee

agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License

Agreement.

\end{enumerate}

\centerline{\strong{CNRI OPEN SOURCE GPL-COMPATIBLE LICENSE AGREEMENT}}

\begin{enumerate}

This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National

Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,

Reston, VA 20191 (``CNRI''), and the Individual or Organization

(``Licensee'') accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in

source or binary form and its associated documentation.

Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI

hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide

license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,

prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1

alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's

License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., ``Copyright

All Rights Reserved'' are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any

derivative version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of

CNRI's License Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text

(omitting the quotes): ``Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the

In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on

or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make

the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then

Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of

the changes made to Python 1.6.1.

CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an ``AS IS''

basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND

DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT

INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON

1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS

A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,

OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material

breach of its terms and conditions.

This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal

intellectual property law of the United States, including without

limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such

U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of

Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based

on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was

previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the

law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License

Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to

Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this

License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of

agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This

License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or

trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or

services of Licensee, or any third party.

By clicking on the ``ACCEPT'' button where indicated, or by copying,

installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be

bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

\end{enumerate}

\centerline{ACCEPT}

\centerline{\strong{CWI PERMISSIONS STATEMENT AND DISCLAIMER}}

Copyright \copyright{} 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum

Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All rights reserved.

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its

documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,

provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that

both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in

supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch

Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to

distribution of the software without specific, written prior

permission.

STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO

THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND

FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE

FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN

ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT

OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.