From 9632a3e323aa796e17d33b863d78928db0c92ec1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kid1412621 <26278054+kid1412621@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2019 20:04:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0001/1052] Update sed.md (#68) correct error ------------ * Matches a sequence of zero or more instances of matches for the preceding regular expression, which must be an ordinary character, a special character preceded by \, a ., a grouped regexp (see below), or a bracket expression. As a GNU extension, a postfixed regular expression can also be followed by *; for example, a** is equivalent to a*. POSIX 1003.1-2001 says that * stands for itself when it appears at the start of a regular expression or subexpression, but many nonGNU implementations do not support this and portable scripts should instead use \* in these contexts. ref: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html --- command/sed.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/command/sed.md b/command/sed.md index a7700b573c1..0c948200e20 100644 --- a/command/sed.md +++ b/command/sed.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ y # 表示把一个字符翻译为另外的字符（但是不用于正则表达 ^ # 匹配行开始，如：/^sed/匹配所有以sed开头的行。 $ # 匹配行结束，如：/sed$/匹配所有以sed结尾的行。 . # 匹配一个非换行符的任意字符，如：/s.d/匹配s后接一个任意字符，最后是d。 -** # 匹配0个或多个字符，如：/*sed/匹配所有模板是一个或多个空格后紧跟sed的行。 +* # 匹配0个或多个字符，如：/*sed/匹配所有模板是一个或多个空格后紧跟sed的行。 [] # 匹配一个指定范围内的字符，如/[ss]ed/匹配sed和Sed。 [^] # 匹配一个不在指定范围内的字符，如：/[^A-RT-Z]ed/匹配不包含A-R和T-Z的一个字母开头，紧跟ed的行。 \(..\) # 匹配子串，保存匹配的字符，如s/\(love\)able/\1rs，loveable被替换成lovers。 From 3842841abbe8e70ed6f4c1497b769c7376a2563c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: loverainye Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2019 10:25:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0002/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E5=A4=8D=20FORWARD=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8B=BC=E5=86=99=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 修复 FORWARD 拼写错误 --- command/iptables.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/command/iptables.md b/command/iptables.md index f408cae0a5b..9b9993c6c25 100644 --- a/command/iptables.md +++ b/command/iptables.md @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ iptables -t 表名 <-A/I/D/R> 规则链名 [规则号] <-i/o 网卡名> -p 协 - **INPUT链** ：处理输入数据包。 - **OUTPUT链** ：处理输出数据包。 -- **PORWARD链** ：处理转发数据包。 +- **FORWARD链** ：处理转发数据包。 - **PREROUTING链** ：用于目标地址转换（DNAT）。 - **POSTOUTING链** ：用于源地址转换（SNAT）。 From 8ad7ebfa5b0fd5a5e297b20eac069b5e814c0870 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: loverainye Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2019 21:00:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0003/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=20=E6=8B=BC?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=86=99=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=20(#71)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 修改 拼写错误 --- command/iptables.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/command/iptables.md b/command/iptables.md index 9b9993c6c25..a722dae2372 100644 --- a/command/iptables.md +++ b/command/iptables.md @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ iptables还支持自己定义链。但是自己定义的链，必须是跟某种 - **raw** ：高级功能，如：网址过滤。 - **mangle** ：数据包修改（QOS），用于实现服务质量。 -- **net** ：地址转换，用于网关路由器。 +- **nat** ：地址转换，用于网关路由器。 - **filter** ：包过滤，用于防火墙规则。 动作包括： From 1d4fe2302489ef65205ffcadd308e060f1d5e7c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: loverainye Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2019 21:01:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0004/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=20=E9=87=8D?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=A4=8D=E5=86=85=E5=AE=B9=20(#70)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 删除 重复内容 --- command/iptables.md | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/iptables.md b/command/iptables.md index a722dae2372..1ca2aa2d1f9 100644 --- a/command/iptables.md +++ b/command/iptables.md @@ -137,9 +137,6 @@ iptables还支持自己定义链。但是自己定义的链，必须是跟某种 注意：规则的次序非常关键，`谁的规则越严格，应该放的越靠前`，而检查规则的时候，是按照从上往下的方式进行检查的。 -#### 防火墙的策略 - -防火墙策略一般分为两种，一种叫`通`策略，一种叫`堵`策略，通策略，默认门是关着的，必须要定义谁能进。堵策略则是，大门是洞开的，但是你必须有身份认证，否则不能进，`所以通，是要全通，而堵，则是要选择`。 表名包括： From 6cd38edd19cf507ef6ba5ac97ddf026bd5cdc12c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2019 14:05:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0005/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Krunner=20=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E5=9C=B0=E5=9D=80?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 0ea1a1523e7..55bffb32185 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Linux Command 540多个 Linux 命令，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。请原谅我写了个爬虫，爬了他们家的数据 [linuxde.net](http://man.linuxde.net) ，同时进行了编辑，增加了一些数据。对他们的辛勤劳动表示敬意，个人希望能本地离线搜索，不喜欢广告，希望得到干净漂亮的预览界面，业余和工作时间需要使用大量的命令，所以干了一件看似比较愚蠢的事情，在回头有空的时候估计能做一个App？，或者是命令行帮助工具？但目前还没有计划... -[Github Web版](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [开源中国Web版](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [其它Web版](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred 版本下载](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases) | [Android版本实现](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome插件](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) +[Github Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [开源中国Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [其它Web版](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred 版本](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases) | [Krunner 版本](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android版本](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome插件](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) #### Chrome 插件 From 2b0b01f2d48cb2ed30a245fb77882896ff4ad09d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2019 17:04:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0006/1052] released v1.2.2 --- package.json | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index fa046c2045c..c6f64e6863d 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "linux-command", - "version": "1.2.1", + "version": "1.2.2", "description": "Linux Command", "main": "dist/data.json", "scripts": { @@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ "build": "node build/build.js", "deploy": "node build/deploy.js" }, + "files": [ + "command", + "dist" + ], "keywords": [ "cli", "Linux", From 81bcf1d1069042c9f36f3fc8cfcd75a305cfc7e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: deny Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 13:13:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0007/1052] Update firewall-cmd.md (#75) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * Update firewall-cmd.md 为firewall-cmd命令添加更多描述 * Update firewall-cmd.md --- command/firewall-cmd.md | 115 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 113 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/firewall-cmd.md b/command/firewall-cmd.md index 56da3687a89..7598cbe7ecd 100644 --- a/command/firewall-cmd.md +++ b/command/firewall-cmd.md @@ -16,12 +16,44 @@ firewalld自身并不具备防火墙的功能，而是和iptables一样需要通 -### 语法 + **命令格式** + +``` +firewall-cmd [选项 ... ] +``` + +### 选项 + +通用选项 + +```bash + -h, --help + 显示帮助信息； + + -V, --version + 显示版本信息. （这个选项不能与其他选项组合）； + + -q, --quiet + 不打印状态消息； ``` -finger(选项)(参数) + +状态选项 +```bash + --state 显示firewalld的状态； + --reload 不中断服务的重新加载； + --complete-reload 中断所有连接的重新加载； + --runtime-to-permanent + 将当前防火墙的规则永久保存； + --check-config 检查配置正确性； ``` +日志选项 +```bash + --get-log-denied 获取记录被拒绝的日志； + --set-log-denied= + 设置记录被拒绝的日志，只能为 'all','unicast','broadcast','multicast','off' 其中的一个； +``` ### 实例 @@ -160,6 +192,85 @@ firewall-cmd --direct -add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 -p tcp --dport 9000 -j ACCEP firewall-cmd --reload ``` +**自定义服务管理** +选项 +```bash + （末尾带有 [P only] 的话表示该选项除了与（--permanent）之外，不能与其他选项一同使用！） + --new-service=<服务名> 新建一个自定义服务 [P only] + --new-service-from-file=<文件名> [--name=<服务名>] + 从文件中读取配置用以新建一个自定义服务 [P only] + --delete-service=<服务名> + 删除一个已存在的服务 [P only] + --load-service-defaults=<服务名> + Load icmptype default settings [P only] + --info-service=<服务名> + 显示该服务的相关信息 + --path-service=<服务名> + 显示该服务的文件的相关路径 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --set-description=<描述> + 给该服务设置描述信息 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --get-description + 显示该服务的描述信息 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --set-short=<描述> + 给该服务设置一个简短的描述 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --get-short + 显示该服务的简短描述 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --add-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 给该服务添加一个新的端口(端口段) [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --remove-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 从该服务上移除一个端口(端口段) [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --query-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 查询该服务是否添加了某个端口(端口段) [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --get-ports + 显示该服务添加的所有端口 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --add-protocol= + 为该服务添加一个协议 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --remove-protocol= + 从该服务上移除一个协议 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --query-protocol= + 查询该服务是否添加了某个协议 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --get-protocols + 显示该服务添加的所有协议 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --add-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 添加新的源端口(端口段)到该服务 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --remove-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 从该服务中删除源端口(端口段) [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --query-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 查询该服务是否添加了某个源端口(端口段) [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --get-source-ports + 显示该服务所有源端口 [P only] + + --service=<服务名> --add-module= + 为该服务添加一个模块 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --remove-module= + 为该服务移除一个模块 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --query-module= + 查询该服务是否添加了某个模块 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --get-modules + 显示该服务添加的所有模块 [P only] + --service=<服务名> --set-destination=:
[/] + Set destination for ipv to address in service [P only] + --service=<服务名> --remove-destination= + Disable destination for ipv i service [P only] + --service=<服务名> --query-destination=:
[/] + Return whether destination ipv is set for service [P only] + --service=<服务名> --get-destinations + List destinations in service [P only] +``` + + **控制端口 / 服务** 可以通过两种方式控制端口的开放，一种是指定端口号另一种是指定服务名。虽然开放 http 服务就是开放了 80 端口，但是还是不能通过端口号来关闭，也就是说通过指定服务名开放的就要通过指定服务名关闭；通过指定端口号开放的就要通过指定端口号关闭。还有一个要注意的就是指定端口的时候一定要指定是什么协议，tcp 还是 udp。知道这个之后以后就不用每次先关防火墙了，可以让防火墙真正的生效。 From 1dea6b5499b1c60f55d5f4875ef76da3cb844189 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:19:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0008/1052] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 55bffb32185..2c2399ad96b 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Linux Command 540多个 Linux 命令，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。请原谅我写了个爬虫，爬了他们家的数据 [linuxde.net](http://man.linuxde.net) ，同时进行了编辑，增加了一些数据。对他们的辛勤劳动表示敬意，个人希望能本地离线搜索，不喜欢广告，希望得到干净漂亮的预览界面，业余和工作时间需要使用大量的命令，所以干了一件看似比较愚蠢的事情，在回头有空的时候估计能做一个App？，或者是命令行帮助工具？但目前还没有计划... -[Github Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [开源中国Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [其它Web版](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred 版本](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases) | [Krunner 版本](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android版本](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome插件](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) +[Github Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases) | [Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) #### Chrome 插件 From 8e2fb77259e64a49db26e29de2829466f5a00def Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:38:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0009/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E5=BC=80=E5=8F=91?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=B4=E6=98=8E=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 2c2399ad96b..f5645659220 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -14,6 +14,32 @@ Linux Command [Github Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases) | [Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) +## 开发使用 + +可以通过 `npm` 安装 `linux-command` 包，包含所有命令的 markdown 文本，和一个[索引文件](dist/data.json)。 + +```bash +npm install linux-command +``` + +```js +var comm = require("linux-command") +console.log("---->",comm.ls) + +var alias = require("linux-command/command/alias.md") +console.log("---->",alias) // markdown string +``` + +你也可以通过 CDN 来访问索引数据，和对应的命令详细内容，我将更新内容定期发布版本，提供大家使用，UNPKG 带上版本号，将锁定版本访问，删除版本号请求数据，将会自动重定向最新版本。 + +https://unpkg.com/linux-command/dist/data.json 命令索引 JSON 数据 +https://unpkg.com/linux-command/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 + +你也可以通过 Github 的 Raw 来回去最新的内容 + +https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/dist/data.json 命令索引 JSON 数据 +https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 + #### Chrome 插件 可在[源码仓库](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews)预览效果，[Github下载 oscnews.crx 文件](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 或者[开源中国下载 oscnews.crx 文件](https://gitee.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 也可通过 Chrome Web Store 下载： @@ -114,29 +140,6 @@ archive、ctlinnd、elm、getlist、inncheck、mail、mailconf、mailq、message yes -## 使用 - -### Node调用 - -``` -npm install linux-command -``` - - -```js -var comm = require("linux-command") -console.log("---->",comm.ls) - -var alias = require("linux-command/command/alias.md") -console.log("---->",alias) // markdown string -``` - -### CDN - -https://unpkg.com/linux-command/dist/data.json 命令总 JSON 数据 -https://unpkg.com/linux-command/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 - - ## Linux学习资源整理 From 44dfc414a249e41f55f04c4ce0075739fb372998 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:39:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0010/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E9=94=99=E5=88=AB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AD=97?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index f5645659220..15756e74dd8 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ console.log("---->",alias) // markdown string https://unpkg.com/linux-command/dist/data.json 命令索引 JSON 数据 https://unpkg.com/linux-command/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 -你也可以通过 Github 的 Raw 来回去最新的内容 +你也可以通过 Github 的 Raw 来，获取最新的内容 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/dist/data.json 命令索引 JSON 数据 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 From c8ea62a5e29e9c4d60be9733039a289d6f2be272 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:43:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0011/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E5=BC=80=E5=8F=91?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=BF=E7=94=A8=E8=AF=B4=E6=98=8E=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 26 +++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 15756e74dd8..855d910c2df 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -23,22 +23,30 @@ npm install linux-command ``` ```js -var comm = require("linux-command") -console.log("---->",comm.ls) +var comm = require("linux-command"); +console.log("---->", comm.ls); -var alias = require("linux-command/command/alias.md") -console.log("---->",alias) // markdown string +var alias = require("linux-command/command/alias.md"); +console.log("---->", alias); // markdown string ``` -你也可以通过 CDN 来访问索引数据，和对应的命令详细内容，我将更新内容定期发布版本，提供大家使用，UNPKG 带上版本号，将锁定版本访问，删除版本号请求数据，将会自动重定向最新版本。 +你也可以通过 CDN 来访问索引数据，和对应的命令详细内容，我将更新内容定期发布版本，提供大家使用，[UNPKG](https://unpkg.com/linux-command/) 带上版本号，将锁定版本访问，删除版本号请求数据，将会自动重定向最新版本。 -https://unpkg.com/linux-command/dist/data.json 命令索引 JSON 数据 -https://unpkg.com/linux-command/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 +```shell +# 命令索引 JSON 数据 +https://unpkg.com/linux-command/dist/data.json +# 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 +https://unpkg.com/linux-command/command/<命令名称>.md +``` 你也可以通过 Github 的 Raw 来，获取最新的内容 -https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/dist/data.json 命令索引 JSON 数据 -https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/alias.md 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 +```shell +# 命令索引 JSON 数据 +https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/dist/data.json +# 对应命令详情（Markdown）数据 +https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命令名称>.md +``` #### Chrome 插件 From bab1b7ba965b706120c97ae3f9bf341bcd598977 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:45:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0012/1052] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 855d910c2df..350c864f76e 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Linux Command 540多个 Linux 命令，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。请原谅我写了个爬虫，爬了他们家的数据 [linuxde.net](http://man.linuxde.net) ，同时进行了编辑，增加了一些数据。对他们的辛勤劳动表示敬意，个人希望能本地离线搜索，不喜欢广告，希望得到干净漂亮的预览界面，业余和工作时间需要使用大量的命令，所以干了一件看似比较愚蠢的事情，在回头有空的时候估计能做一个App？，或者是命令行帮助工具？但目前还没有计划... -[Github Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases) | [Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) +[Github Web](#官方-web-版本) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred](#alfred-版本) | [Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](#chrome-插件) ## 开发使用 From 7427fe0595a2849526bd98fbb5e5b866eca7f84e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:54:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0013/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0uuto=E5=91=BD?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A4.?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 6 ++++-- command/uuto.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 command/uuto.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 350c864f76e..4d715add116 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Linux Command 540多个 Linux 命令，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。请原谅我写了个爬虫，爬了他们家的数据 [linuxde.net](http://man.linuxde.net) ，同时进行了编辑，增加了一些数据。对他们的辛勤劳动表示敬意，个人希望能本地离线搜索，不喜欢广告，希望得到干净漂亮的预览界面，业余和工作时间需要使用大量的命令，所以干了一件看似比较愚蠢的事情，在回头有空的时候估计能做一个App？，或者是命令行帮助工具？但目前还没有计划... -[Github Web](#官方-web-版本) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) | [Alfred](#alfred-版本) | [Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](#chrome-插件) +[Web](#web-版本) | [Alfred](#alfred-版本) | [Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](#chrome-插件) ## 开发使用 @@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命 [![Chrome Web Store 下载](./assets/chrome-extensions.gif)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews) -#### 官方 Web 版本 +#### Web 版本 + +[OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) 扫描二维码移动端预览搜索，也可通过二维码下面链接地址打开使用。 diff --git a/command/uuto.md b/command/uuto.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa787d5fb82 --- /dev/null +++ b/command/uuto.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +uuto +=== + +将文件传送到远端的UUCP主机。 + +## 补充说明 + +**uuto命令** 为script文件，它实际上会执行uucp，用来将文件传送到远端UUCP主机，并在完成工作后，以邮件通知远端主机上的用户。 + +### 语法 + +``` +uuto [文件][目的] +``` + + +### 例子 + +将文件传送到远程 UUCP 主机 localhost 的 tmp 目录，在命令提示符中直接输入如下命令： + +```bash +uuto./testfile localhost/tmp # 将文件传送到远程UUCP 主机localhost的tmp目录 +``` + +该命令通常没有输出。 + + \ No newline at end of file From f45718d4d5b8b6bbab5a8df8057ce4e71211028f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:57:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0014/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E7=B4=A2=E5=BC=95?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6,=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0uuto=E5=91=BD=E4=BB=A4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- dist/data.json | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json index 33855a2e45d..3d060a8b860 100644 --- a/dist/data.json +++ b/dist/data.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"用来设置指令的别名"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表。ARP 是 Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议，是通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的一个网络协议包中极其重要的网络传输协议。而该命令可以显示和修改 arp 协议解析表中的缓冲数据。"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"用于将作业放到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"bmodinfo":{"n":"bmodinfo","p":"/bmodinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行shell内部命令"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"创一个bz2文件压缩包"},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序。。"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"解压缩指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 RTC 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From 620a17b3bcb47dfe65af79336f4c73991e13133f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 15:01:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0015/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0firewall-cmd.md?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8E=92=E7=89=88=20#75?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- command/firewall-cmd.md | 184 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/firewall-cmd.md b/command/firewall-cmd.md index 7598cbe7ecd..ce72b7f03c6 100644 --- a/command/firewall-cmd.md +++ b/command/firewall-cmd.md @@ -14,11 +14,9 @@ firewalld跟iptables比起来至少有两大好处： firewalld自身并不具备防火墙的功能，而是和iptables一样需要通过内核的netfilter来实现，也就是说firewalld和 iptables一样，他们的作用都是用于维护规则，而真正使用规则干活的是内核的netfilter，只不过firewalld和iptables的结 构以及使用方法不一样罢了。 - - - **命令格式** +**命令格式** -``` +```bash firewall-cmd [选项 ... ] ``` @@ -27,32 +25,25 @@ firewall-cmd [选项 ... ] 通用选项 ```bash - -h, --help - 显示帮助信息； - - -V, --version - 显示版本信息. （这个选项不能与其他选项组合）； - - -q, --quiet - 不打印状态消息； - +-h, --help # 显示帮助信息； +-V, --version # 显示版本信息. （这个选项不能与其他选项组合）； +-q, --quiet # 不打印状态消息； ``` 状态选项 ```bash - --state 显示firewalld的状态； - --reload 不中断服务的重新加载； - --complete-reload 中断所有连接的重新加载； - --runtime-to-permanent - 将当前防火墙的规则永久保存； - --check-config 检查配置正确性； +--state # 显示firewalld的状态； +--reload # 不中断服务的重新加载； +--complete-reload # 中断所有连接的重新加载； +--runtime-to-permanent # 将当前防火墙的规则永久保存； +--check-config # 检查配置正确性； ``` 日志选项 + ```bash - --get-log-denied 获取记录被拒绝的日志； - --set-log-denied= - 设置记录被拒绝的日志，只能为 'all','unicast','broadcast','multicast','off' 其中的一个； +--get-log-denied # 获取记录被拒绝的日志； +--set-log-denied= # 设置记录被拒绝的日志，只能为 'all','unicast','broadcast','multicast','off' 其中的一个； ``` ### 实例 @@ -61,7 +52,6 @@ firewall-cmd [选项 ... ] # 安装firewalld yum install firewalld firewall-config - systemctl start firewalld # 启动 systemctl status firewalld # 或者 firewall-cmd --state 查看状态 systemctl disable firewalld # 停止 @@ -193,81 +183,83 @@ firewall-cmd --reload ``` **自定义服务管理** + 选项 + ```bash - （末尾带有 [P only] 的话表示该选项除了与（--permanent）之外，不能与其他选项一同使用！） - --new-service=<服务名> 新建一个自定义服务 [P only] - --new-service-from-file=<文件名> [--name=<服务名>] - 从文件中读取配置用以新建一个自定义服务 [P only] - --delete-service=<服务名> - 删除一个已存在的服务 [P only] - --load-service-defaults=<服务名> - Load icmptype default settings [P only] - --info-service=<服务名> - 显示该服务的相关信息 - --path-service=<服务名> - 显示该服务的文件的相关路径 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --set-description=<描述> - 给该服务设置描述信息 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --get-description - 显示该服务的描述信息 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --set-short=<描述> - 给该服务设置一个简短的描述 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --get-short - 显示该服务的简短描述 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --add-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ - 给该服务添加一个新的端口(端口段) [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --remove-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ - 从该服务上移除一个端口(端口段) [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --query-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ - 查询该服务是否添加了某个端口(端口段) [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --get-ports - 显示该服务添加的所有端口 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --add-protocol= - 为该服务添加一个协议 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --remove-protocol= - 从该服务上移除一个协议 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --query-protocol= - 查询该服务是否添加了某个协议 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --get-protocols - 显示该服务添加的所有协议 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --add-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ - 添加新的源端口(端口段)到该服务 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --remove-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ - 从该服务中删除源端口(端口段) [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --query-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ - 查询该服务是否添加了某个源端口(端口段) [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --get-source-ports - 显示该服务所有源端口 [P only] - - --service=<服务名> --add-module= - 为该服务添加一个模块 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --remove-module= - 为该服务移除一个模块 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --query-module= - 查询该服务是否添加了某个模块 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --get-modules - 显示该服务添加的所有模块 [P only] - --service=<服务名> --set-destination=:
[/] - Set destination for ipv to address in service [P only] - --service=<服务名> --remove-destination= - Disable destination for ipv i service [P only] - --service=<服务名> --query-destination=:
[/] - Return whether destination ipv is set for service [P only] - --service=<服务名> --get-destinations - List destinations in service [P only] +（末尾带有 [P only] 的话表示该选项除了与（--permanent）之外，不能与其他选项一同使用！） +--new-service=<服务名> 新建一个自定义服务 [P only] +--new-service-from-file=<文件名> [--name=<服务名>] + 从文件中读取配置用以新建一个自定义服务 [P only] +--delete-service=<服务名> + 删除一个已存在的服务 [P only] +--load-service-defaults=<服务名> + Load icmptype default settings [P only] +--info-service=<服务名> + 显示该服务的相关信息 +--path-service=<服务名> + 显示该服务的文件的相关路径 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --set-description=<描述> + 给该服务设置描述信息 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --get-description + 显示该服务的描述信息 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --set-short=<描述> + 给该服务设置一个简短的描述 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --get-short + 显示该服务的简短描述 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --add-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 给该服务添加一个新的端口(端口段) [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --remove-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 从该服务上移除一个端口(端口段) [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --query-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 查询该服务是否添加了某个端口(端口段) [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --get-ports + 显示该服务添加的所有端口 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --add-protocol= + 为该服务添加一个协议 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --remove-protocol= + 从该服务上移除一个协议 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --query-protocol= + 查询该服务是否添加了某个协议 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --get-protocols + 显示该服务添加的所有协议 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --add-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 添加新的源端口(端口段)到该服务 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --remove-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 从该服务中删除源端口(端口段) [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --query-source-port=<端口号>[-<端口号>]/ + 查询该服务是否添加了某个源端口(端口段) [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --get-source-ports + 显示该服务所有源端口 [P only] + +--service=<服务名> --add-module= + 为该服务添加一个模块 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --remove-module= + 为该服务移除一个模块 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --query-module= + 查询该服务是否添加了某个模块 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --get-modules + 显示该服务添加的所有模块 [P only] +--service=<服务名> --set-destination=:
[/] + Set destination for ipv to address in service [P only] +--service=<服务名> --remove-destination= + Disable destination for ipv i service [P only] +--service=<服务名> --query-destination=:
[/] + Return whether destination ipv is set for service [P only] +--service=<服务名> --get-destinations + List destinations in service [P only] ``` From 1c95f483d7c5f44df2a931e8a77978490cfcb371 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 15:03:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0016/1052] released v1.2.3 --- package.json | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index c6f64e6863d..930dfcafa08 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "linux-command", - "version": "1.2.2", + "version": "1.2.3", "description": "Linux Command", "main": "dist/data.json", "scripts": { From eb454dd82b15f0261e0ac9abe91c2815c10c3042 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 15:09:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0017/1052] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 4d715add116..7a654b49f7a 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命 #### Chrome 插件 -可在[源码仓库](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews)预览效果，[Github下载 oscnews.crx 文件](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 或者[开源中国下载 oscnews.crx 文件](https://gitee.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 也可通过 Chrome Web Store 下载： +可在[源码仓库](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews)预览效果，[Github下载 crx 文件安装](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 或者[开源中国下载 crx 文件安装](https://gitee.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 也可通过 Chrome Web Store 下载： [![Chrome Web Store 下载](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/download/chrome-web-store.svg)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/oscnews/iheapfheanfjcemgneblljhaebonakbg) From c9006d61cf228e2cefe7f9369a70213b7df88d3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 15:25:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0018/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E6=A8=A1=E6=9D=BF?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=9E=E6=8E=A5=E5=9C=B0=E5=9D=80?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- template/footer.ejs | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/template/footer.ejs b/template/footer.ejs index 2182f82624d..0b5d7de58d1 100644 --- a/template/footer.ejs +++ b/template/footer.ejs @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ 添加命令 | 命令列表 | Chrome 插件 | - Alfred | + Alfred | + Krunner | 开源中国Web版
Github | From 9e458d1c77b65315b4debe76fcce55fa6d6a3122 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 16:59:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0019/1052] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 7a654b49f7a..65d3b42f7a6 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命 #### Web 版本 -[OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) +[Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) 扫描二维码移动端预览搜索，也可通过二维码下面链接地址打开使用。 From aeae42c61399213ec9f5eececb936ea3eaaecd15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Huck Huang Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 18:15:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0020/1052] Correct hyperlink --- README.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 65d3b42f7a6..1ad8356f216 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命 #### Web 版本 -[Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) +[Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [OSChina Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Web 1](http://linux-command.composer-proxy.org/) 扫描二维码移动端预览搜索，也可通过二维码下面链接地址打开使用。 @@ -219,4 +219,4 @@ yes - [Lakka](http://www.lakka.tv/) [下载地址](http://www.lakka.tv/disclaimer/) - [Game Drift Linux](http://gamedrift.org/) [下载地址](http://gamedrift.org/Download.html) - [Solus](https://solus-project.com) [下载地址](https://solus-project.com/download/) -- [Manjaro Gaming Edition (mGAMe)](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mgame/) [下载地址](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mgame/) \ No newline at end of file +- [Manjaro Gaming Edition (mGAMe)](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mgame/) [下载地址](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mgame/) From 18eefff8ed65686ec2bb8d847b4288a0efe978ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?= <398188662@qq.com> Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2019 11:32:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0021/1052] Update tar.md #77 --- command/tar.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/tar.md b/command/tar.md index 9a10fd491e2..b92318ed179 100644 --- a/command/tar.md +++ b/command/tar.md @@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ tar -xf archive.tar # 从archive.tar提取所有文件。 方式二：一次性打包并压缩、解压并解包 -打包并压缩： tar -zcvf [目标文件名].tar.gz [原文件名/目录名] -解压并解包： tar -zxvf [原文件名].tar.gz -注：z代表用gzip算法来压缩/解压。 +打包并压缩： tar -zcvf [目标文件名].tar.gz [原文件名/目录名] +解压并解包： tar -zxvf [原文件名].tar.gz +注：z代表用gzip算法来压缩/解压。 #### tar.bz2格式 From 92f637008477c01e5e96cc211334dae8d27a4205 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LaudOak Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2019 16:11:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0022/1052] add -m option (#78) --- command/grep.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/command/grep.md b/command/grep.md index 6dbdcb912db..fc8a52226af 100644 --- a/command/grep.md +++ b/command/grep.md @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ grep -x --line-regexp # 只显示全列符合的列。 -y # 此参数效果跟“-i”相同。 -o # 只输出文件中匹配到的部分。 +-m --max-count= # 找到num行结果后停止查找，用来限制匹配行数 ``` ### 规则表达式 From 36bec7c94c15e50bf09e27c4f0df3d01acbabfbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rexlin600 <3072054267@qq.com> Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2019 11:57:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0023/1052] =?UTF-8?q?[FIX]=20=E4=BF=AE=E5=A4=8D=E5=BC=80?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=AF=E7=BD=91=E5=8D=A1=E5=91=BD=E4=BB=A4=20(#79)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit ip link set eth0 upi 改为 ip link set eth0 up --- command/ip.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/command/ip.md b/command/ip.md index 6bed4eec857..3e14ba30303 100644 --- a/command/ip.md +++ b/command/ip.md @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ help：显示网络对象支持的操作命令的帮助信息。 ```bash ip link show # 显示网络接口信息 -ip link set eth0 upi # 开启网卡 +ip link set eth0 up # 开启网卡 ip link set eth0 down # 关闭网卡 ip link set eth0 promisc on # 开启网卡的混合模式 ip link set eth0 promisc offi # 关闭网卡的混个模式 From 4f3c1f3d215d1820464e77ef37d28bec23789dfd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:43:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0024/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E5=A4=8D=20grep=20=E9=A1=B5?= =?UTF-8?q?=E9=9D=A2=E6=8E=92=E7=89=88=E9=97=AE=E9=A2=98=20#80?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- build/build.js | 7 +++++- command/grep.md | 59 ++++++++++++++++++------------------------------- 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/build/build.js b/build/build.js index 8dbb32ced14..c97bcf5fb89 100644 --- a/build/build.js +++ b/build/build.js @@ -20,13 +20,14 @@ renderer.heading = (text, level) => { marked.setOptions({ renderer: renderer, + pedantic: false, gfm: true, tables: true, breaks: false, - pedantic: false, sanitize: false, smartLists: true, smartypants: false, + xhtml: false, highlight: (code, lang, callback) => { if (/(tex)$/.test(lang)) lang = 'latex'; if (/(h)$/.test(lang)) lang = 'c'; @@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ marked.setOptions({ if (Prism.languages[lang]) { html = Prism.highlight(code, Prism.languages[lang], lang); } + if (lang === 'markdown') { + html.toString(); + html = html.replace(/\$/g, '$') + } return callback('', html); } }); diff --git a/command/grep.md b/command/grep.md index fc8a52226af..ac8233d9a2d 100644 --- a/command/grep.md +++ b/command/grep.md @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ grep ```bash ^ # 锚定行的开始 如：'^grep'匹配所有以grep开头的行。 -$ # 锚定行的结束 如：'grep$'匹配所有以grep结尾的行。 +$ # 锚定行的结束 如：'grep$' 匹配所有以grep结尾的行。 . # 匹配一个非换行符的字符 如：'gr.p'匹配gr后接一个任意字符，然后是p。 * # 匹配零个或多个先前字符 如：'*grep'匹配所有一个或多个空格后紧跟grep的行。 .* # 一起用代表任意字符。 @@ -65,110 +65,97 @@ x\{m,n\} # 重复字符x，至少m次，不多于n次，如：'o\{5,10\}'匹配 在文件中搜索一个单词，命令会返回一个包含 **“match_pattern”** 的文本行： -``` +```bash grep match_pattern file_name grep "match_pattern" file_name - ``` 在多个文件中查找： -``` +```bash grep "match_pattern" file_1 file_2 file_3 ... - ``` 输出除之外的所有行 **-v** 选项： -``` +```bash grep -v "match_pattern" file_name - ``` 标记匹配颜色 **--color=auto** 选项： -``` +```bash grep "match_pattern" file_name --color=auto - ``` 使用正则表达式 **-E** 选项： -``` +```bash grep -E "[1-9]+" -或 +# 或 egrep "[1-9]+" - ``` 只输出文件中匹配到的部分 **-o** 选项： -``` +```bash echo this is a test line. | grep -o -E "[a-z]+\." line. echo this is a test line. | egrep -o "[a-z]+\." line. - ``` 统计文件或者文本中包含匹配字符串的行数 **-c** 选项： -``` +```bash grep -c "text" file_name - ``` 输出包含匹配字符串的行数 **-n** 选项： -``` +```bash grep "text" -n file_name -或 +# 或 cat file_name | grep "text" -n #多个文件 grep "text" -n file_1 file_2 - ``` 打印样式匹配所位于的字符或字节偏移： -``` +```bash echo gun is not unix | grep -b -o "not" 7:not - #一行中字符串的字符便宜是从该行的第一个字符开始计算，起始值为0。选项 **-b -o** 一般总是配合使用。 - ``` 搜索多个文件并查找匹配文本在哪些文件中： -``` +```bash grep -l "text" file1 file2 file3... - ``` ### grep递归搜索文件 在多级目录中对文本进行递归搜索： -``` +```bash grep "text" . -r -n # .表示当前目录。 - ``` 忽略匹配样式中的字符大小写： -``` +```bash echo "hello world" | grep -i "HELLO" -hello - +# hello ``` 选项 **-e** 制动多个匹配样式： -``` +```bash echo this is a text line | grep -e "is" -e "line" -o is line @@ -179,19 +166,18 @@ aaa bbb echo aaa bbb ccc ddd eee | grep -f patfile -o - ``` 在grep搜索结果中包括或者排除指定文件： -``` -#只在目录中所有的.php和.html文件中递归搜索字符"main()" +```bash +# 只在目录中所有的.php和.html文件中递归搜索字符"main()" grep "main()" . -r --include *.{php,html} -#在搜索结果中排除所有README文件 +# 在搜索结果中排除所有README文件 grep "main()" . -r --exclude "README" -#在搜索结果中排除filelist文件列表里的文件 +# 在搜索结果中排除filelist文件列表里的文件 grep "main()" . -r --exclude-from filelist ``` @@ -206,8 +192,7 @@ echo "aaa" > file3 grep "aaa" file* -lZ | xargs -0 rm -#执行后会删除file1和file3，grep输出用-Z选项来指定以0值字节作为终结符文件名（\0），xargs -0 读取输入并用0值字节终结符分隔文件名，然后删除匹配文件，-Z通常和-l结合使用。 - +# 执行后会删除file1和file3，grep输出用-Z选项来指定以0值字节作为终结符文件名（\0），xargs -0 读取输入并用0值字节终结符分隔文件名，然后删除匹配文件，-Z通常和-l结合使用。 ``` grep静默输出： From d68e4b3f40a302ee432ecd3c6cae67e499904087 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:45:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0025/1052] Upgrate dependencies. --- package-lock.json | 26 +++++++++++++------------- package.json | 4 ++-- 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json index 91b2116ff34..12ba322fae6 100644 --- a/package-lock.json +++ b/package-lock.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "linux-command", - "version": "1.2.0", + "version": "1.2.3", "lockfileVersion": 1, "requires": true, "dependencies": { @@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ } }, "clipboard": { - "version": "2.0.1", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/clipboard/-/clipboard-2.0.1.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-7yhQBmtN+uYZmfRjjVjKa0dZdWuabzpSKGtyQZN+9C8xlC788SSJjOHWh7tzurfwTqTD5UDYAhIv5fRJg3sHjQ==", + "version": "2.0.4", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/clipboard/-/clipboard-2.0.4.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-Vw26VSLRpJfBofiVaFb/I8PVfdI1OxKcYShe6fm0sP/DtmiWQNCjhM/okTvdCo0G+lMMm1rMYbk4IK4x1X+kgQ==", "dev": true, "optional": true, "requires": { @@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ "dev": true }, "marked": { - "version": "0.5.1", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/marked/-/marked-0.5.1.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-iUkBZegCZou4AdwbKTwSW/lNDcz5OuRSl3qdcl31Ia0B2QPG0Jn+tKblh/9/eP9/6+4h27vpoh8wel/vQOV0vw==", + "version": "0.6.2", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/marked/-/marked-0.6.2.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-LqxwVH3P/rqKX4EKGz7+c2G9r98WeM/SW34ybhgNGhUQNKtf1GmmSkJ6cDGJ/t6tiyae49qRkpyTw2B9HOrgUA==", "dev": true }, "minimatch": { @@ -386,9 +386,9 @@ "dev": true }, "prismjs": { - "version": "1.15.0", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prismjs/-/prismjs-1.15.0.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-Lf2JrFYx8FanHrjoV5oL8YHCclLQgbJcVZR+gikGGMqz6ub5QVWDTM6YIwm3BuPxM/LOV+rKns3LssXNLIf+DA==", + "version": "1.16.0", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prismjs/-/prismjs-1.16.0.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-OA4MKxjFZHSvZcisLGe14THYsug/nF6O1f0pAJc0KN0wTyAcLqmsbE+lTGKSpyh+9pEW57+k6pg2AfYR+coyHA==", "dev": true, "requires": { "clipboard": "^2.0.0" @@ -502,9 +502,9 @@ } }, "tiny-emitter": { - "version": "2.0.2", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tiny-emitter/-/tiny-emitter-2.0.2.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-2NM0auVBGft5tee/OxP4PI3d8WItkDM+fPnaRAVo6xTDI2knbz9eC5ArWGqtGlYqiH3RU5yMpdyTTO7MguC4ow==", + "version": "2.1.0", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tiny-emitter/-/tiny-emitter-2.1.0.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-NB6Dk1A9xgQPMoGqC5CVXn123gWyte215ONT5Pp5a0yt4nlEoO1ZWeCwpncaekPHXO60i47ihFnZPiRPjRMq4Q==", "dev": true, "optional": true }, diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 930dfcafa08..573775ffde1 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ "fs-extra": "^7.0.0", "gh-pages": "^2.0.0", "loading-cli": "^1.0.8", - "marked": "^0.5.1", + "marked": "^0.6.2", "path": "^0.12.7", - "prismjs": "^1.15.0", + "prismjs": "^1.16.0", "stylus": "^0.54.5", "uglify-js": "^3.4.9" }, From 6ded097f76ba38a75d7c8c94a118176d4bc58379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:50:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0026/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A7=BB=E9=99=A4=E8=B0=83=E8=AF=95?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A3=E7=A0=81=20#80?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- build/build.js | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/build/build.js b/build/build.js index c97bcf5fb89..a6d84fe2053 100644 --- a/build/build.js +++ b/build/build.js @@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ marked.setOptions({ let html = code; if (Prism.languages[lang]) { html = Prism.highlight(code, Prism.languages[lang], lang); - } - if (lang === 'markdown') { html.toString(); html = html.replace(/\$/g, '$') } From 829fdd6a8e9c389501c531d02327cd92fe671a75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:51:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0027/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=20grep=20=E5=91=BD?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A4=E4=BB=A3=E7=A0=81=E9=AB=98=E4=BA=AE=E6=A0=B7=E5=BC=8F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E3=80=82=20#80?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- command/grep.md | 38 +++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/grep.md b/command/grep.md index ac8233d9a2d..c7c5b065495 100644 --- a/command/grep.md +++ b/command/grep.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ grep ### 选项 -```bash +```shell -a --text # 不要忽略二进制数据。 -A <显示行数> --after-context=<显示行数> # 除了显示符合范本样式的那一行之外，并显示该行之后的内容。 -b --byte-offset # 在显示符合范本样式的那一行之外，并显示该行之前的内容。 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ grep ### 规则表达式 -```bash +```shell ^ # 锚定行的开始 如：'^grep'匹配所有以grep开头的行。 $ # 锚定行的结束 如：'grep$' 匹配所有以grep结尾的行。 . # 匹配一个非换行符的字符 如：'gr.p'匹配gr后接一个任意字符，然后是p。 @@ -65,32 +65,32 @@ x\{m,n\} # 重复字符x，至少m次，不多于n次，如：'o\{5,10\}'匹配 在文件中搜索一个单词，命令会返回一个包含 **“match_pattern”** 的文本行： -```bash +```shell grep match_pattern file_name grep "match_pattern" file_name ``` 在多个文件中查找： -```bash +```shell grep "match_pattern" file_1 file_2 file_3 ... ``` 输出除之外的所有行 **-v** 选项： -```bash +```shell grep -v "match_pattern" file_name ``` 标记匹配颜色 **--color=auto** 选项： -```bash +```shell grep "match_pattern" file_name --color=auto ``` 使用正则表达式 **-E** 选项： -```bash +```shell grep -E "[1-9]+" # 或 egrep "[1-9]+" @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ egrep "[1-9]+" 只输出文件中匹配到的部分 **-o** 选项： -```bash +```shell echo this is a test line. | grep -o -E "[a-z]+\." line. @@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ line. 统计文件或者文本中包含匹配字符串的行数 **-c** 选项： -```bash +```shell grep -c "text" file_name ``` 输出包含匹配字符串的行数 **-n** 选项： -```bash +```shell grep "text" -n file_name # 或 cat file_name | grep "text" -n @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ grep "text" -n file_1 file_2 打印样式匹配所位于的字符或字节偏移： -```bash +```shell echo gun is not unix | grep -b -o "not" 7:not #一行中字符串的字符便宜是从该行的第一个字符开始计算，起始值为0。选项 **-b -o** 一般总是配合使用。 @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ echo gun is not unix | grep -b -o "not" 搜索多个文件并查找匹配文本在哪些文件中： -```bash +```shell grep -l "text" file1 file2 file3... ``` @@ -141,21 +141,21 @@ grep -l "text" file1 file2 file3... 在多级目录中对文本进行递归搜索： -```bash +```shell grep "text" . -r -n # .表示当前目录。 ``` 忽略匹配样式中的字符大小写： -```bash +```shell echo "hello world" | grep -i "HELLO" # hello ``` 选项 **-e** 制动多个匹配样式： -```bash +```shell echo this is a text line | grep -e "is" -e "line" -o is line @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ echo aaa bbb ccc ddd eee | grep -f patfile -o 在grep搜索结果中包括或者排除指定文件： -```bash +```shell # 只在目录中所有的.php和.html文件中递归搜索字符"main()" grep "main()" . -r --include *.{php,html} @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ grep "main()" . -r --exclude-from filelist 使用0值字节后缀的grep与xargs： -```bash +```shell # 测试文件： echo "aaa" > file1 echo "bbb" > file2 @@ -197,14 +197,14 @@ grep "aaa" file* -lZ | xargs -0 rm grep静默输出： -```bash +```shell grep -q "test" filename # 不会输出任何信息，如果命令运行成功返回0，失败则返回非0值。一般用于条件测试。 ``` 打印出匹配文本之前或者之后的行： -```bash +```shell # 显示匹配某个结果之后的3行，使用 -A 选项： seq 10 | grep "5" -A 3 5 From 98691688a9e6538ecac3a89e312c2361f3a97407 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:53:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0028/1052] Upgrate arp.md --- command/arp.md | 18 +++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/arp.md b/command/arp.md index 784fffc8a77..542d4b46a31 100644 --- a/command/arp.md +++ b/command/arp.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ arp === -arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表。ARP 是 Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议，是通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的一个网络协议包中极其重要的网络传输协议。而该命令可以显示和修改 arp 协议解析表中的缓冲数据。 +arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表。 ## 补充说明 -**arp 命令** 用于操作主机的 arp 缓冲区，它可以显示 arp 缓冲区中的所有条目、删除指定的条目或者添加静态的 ip 地址与 MAC 地址对应关系。 +**arp 命令** 是 Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议，是通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的一个网络协议包中极其重要的网络传输协议。而该命令可以显示和修改 arp 协议解析表中的缓冲数据。 ### 语法 -``` +```shell arp（选项）（参数） ``` @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ arp（选项）（参数） 显示arp 缓冲区内容 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# arp -v Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.0.134 ether 00:21:5E:C7:4D:88 C eth1 @@ -44,11 +44,15 @@ Entries: 2 Skipped: 0 Found: 2 添加静态 arp 映射 - arp -s IP MAC-ADDRESS - arp -s 192.168.1.1 00:b1:b2:b3:b4:b5 +```shell +arp -s IP MAC-ADDRESS +arp -s 192.168.1.1 00:b1:b2:b3:b4:b5 +``` 删除 arp 缓存条目 - arp -d 192.168.1.1 +```shell +arp -d 192.168.1.1 +``` From 443e91f2bd7f842a66a13b68a8a22a0115cfef55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 16:57:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0029/1052] released v1.2.4 --- dist/data.json | 2 +- package.json | 2 +- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json index 3d060a8b860..78828c708ae 100644 --- a/dist/data.json +++ b/dist/data.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"用来设置指令的别名"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表。ARP 是 Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议，是通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的一个网络协议包中极其重要的网络传输协议。而该命令可以显示和修改 arp 协议解析表中的缓冲数据。"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"用于将作业放到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"bmodinfo":{"n":"bmodinfo","p":"/bmodinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行shell内部命令"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"创一个bz2文件压缩包"},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序。。"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"解压缩指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 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diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 573775ffde1..413bb4f0163 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "linux-command", - "version": "1.2.3", + "version": "1.2.4", "description": "Linux Command", "main": "dist/data.json", "scripts": { From ec6c84169dbba16e8be38da27159e613cf7ad174 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E8=83=A1=E7=9A=AE=E8=9B=8B=28HZK=29?= <1040080742@qq.com> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2019 12:01:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0030/1052] Update nc.md (#81) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * Update nc.md 纠正nc命令用处 * Update nc.md --- command/nc.md | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/nc.md b/command/nc.md index 11489e6fdb6..a489abcf68c 100644 --- a/command/nc.md +++ b/command/nc.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ nc === -命令用于设置路由器。 +用于设置路由器，是网络工具中的瑞士军刀。 ## 补充说明 -**nc命令** 用于设置路由器。执行本指令可设置路由器的相关参数。 - +**nc命令** 全称**netcat**，用于设置路由器。它能通过 TCP 和 UDP 在网络中读写数据。通过与其他工具结合和重定向，你可以在脚本中以多种方式使用它。使用 netcat 命令所能完成的事情令人惊讶。 ### 语法 ``` From 948b27747f5e3f530265f118be3a4fb1b6390464 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2019 12:22:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0031/1052] Update banner. --- README.md | 2 +- template/img/banner.svg | 3 +++ 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 template/img/banner.svg diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 1ad8356f216..f87e4f9c651 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@

- +

diff --git a/template/img/banner.svg b/template/img/banner.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..067fd6efce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/template/img/banner.svg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + + From 635e57d58c1fb7b52c801fc782959a47220f1522 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2019 12:27:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0032/1052] released v1.2.5 --- dist/data.json | 2 +- package.json | 2 +- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json index 78828c708ae..78a0e5749d4 100644 --- a/dist/data.json +++ b/dist/data.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"用来设置指令的别名"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 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diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 413bb4f0163..faaee69c9b9 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "linux-command", - "version": "1.2.4", + "version": "1.2.5", "description": "Linux Command", "main": "dist/data.json", "scripts": { From 51b20d599b66e2773c1c223d7724513441ea0f88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?= <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2019 14:38:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0033/1052] Create LICENSE (#83) --- LICENSE | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+) create mode 100644 LICENSE diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c787c445677 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +MIT License + +Copyright (c) 2019 小弟调调™ + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal +in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights +to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. From 49be3806b703fa7a31efa3606cd23ce2921c94f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com> Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2019 21:52:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 0034/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20markdown=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8E=92=E7=89=88?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- command/ab.md | 4 +- command/ack.md | 14 +-- command/alias.md | 41 ++++--- command/apachectl.md | 18 +-- command/apk.md | 10 +- command/apropos.md | 10 +- command/apt-get.md | 30 ++--- command/apt-key.md | 14 +-- command/apt-sortpkgs.md | 6 +- command/aptitude.md | 28 ++--- command/ar.md | 18 +-- command/arch.md | 6 +- command/arj.md | 10 +- command/arpd.md | 10 +- command/arping.md | 8 +- command/arptables.md | 6 +- command/arpwatch.md | 6 +- command/as.md | 6 +- command/at.md | 16 +-- command/atop.md | 6 +- command/atq.md | 8 +- command/atrm.md | 12 +- command/awk.md | 218 +++++++++++++++++----------------- command/axel.md | 42 +++---- command/badblocks.md | 26 ++-- command/basename.md | 14 +-- command/batch.md | 8 +- command/bc.md | 16 +-- command/bg.md | 12 +- command/bind.md | 10 +- command/blkid.md | 62 +++++----- command/blockdev.md | 12 +- command/bmodinfo.md | 8 +- command/builtin.md | 8 +- command/bunzip2.md | 8 +- command/bye.md | 4 +- command/bzcat.md | 8 +- command/bzcmp.md | 8 +- command/bzdiff.md | 4 +- command/bzgrep.md | 4 +- command/bzip2.md | 44 +++---- command/bzip2recover.md | 4 +- command/bzless.md | 4 +- command/bzmore.md | 4 +- command/cal.md | 14 +-- command/cancel.md | 6 +- command/cat.md | 6 +- command/cd.md | 20 ++-- command/cdrecord.md | 18 +-- command/chage.md | 16 +-- command/chattr.md | 24 ++-- command/chcon.md | 18 +-- command/chfn.md | 12 +- command/chgrp.md | 11 +- command/chkconfig.md | 8 +- command/chmod.md | 12 +- command/chown.md | 8 +- command/chpasswd.md | 8 +- command/chroot.md | 32 ++--- command/chsh.md | 18 +-- command/cksum.md | 10 +- command/clear.md | 4 +- command/clock.md | 8 +- command/clockdiff.md | 12 +- command/cmp.md | 12 +- command/col.md | 6 +- command/colrm.md | 4 +- command/comm.md | 24 ++-- command/command.md | 8 +- command/compress.md | 16 +-- command/consoletype.md | 6 +- command/convertquota.md | 8 +- command/cp.md | 22 ++-- command/cpio.md | 22 ++-- command/crontab.md | 62 +++++----- command/csplit.md | 12 +- command/cu.md | 6 +- command/cupsdisable.md | 6 +- command/cupsenable.md | 6 +- command/curl.md | 36 +++--- command/cut.md | 25 ++-- command/date.md | 114 +++++++++--------- command/dd.md | 20 ++-- command/declare.md | 10 +- command/depmod.md | 10 +- command/df.md | 12 +- command/dhclient.md | 8 +- command/dhcpd.md | 6 +- command/dhcrelay.md | 6 +- command/diff.md | 10 +- command/diff3.md | 12 +- command/diffstat.md | 12 +- command/dig.md | 8 +- command/dircolors.md | 8 +- command/dirname.md | 8 +- command/dirs.md | 9 +- command/dmesg.md | 8 +- command/dmidecode.md | 17 ++- command/dnf.md | 224 ++++++++++++++--------------------- command/dnsdomainname.md | 8 +- command/domainname.md | 8 +- command/dos2unix.md | 14 +-- command/dpkg-deb.md | 14 +-- command/dpkg-divert.md | 14 +-- command/dpkg-preconfigure.md | 8 +- command/dpkg-query.md | 18 +-- command/dpkg-reconfigure.md | 9 +- command/dpkg-split.md | 10 +- command/dpkg-statoverride.md | 12 +- command/dpkg-trigger.md | 6 +- command/dpkg.md | 28 ++--- command/dris.md | 6 +- command/dstat.md | 18 +-- command/du.md | 16 +-- command/dump.md | 10 +- command/e2fsck.md | 8 +- command/e2label.md | 10 +- command/echo.md | 31 +++-- command/ed.md | 24 ++-- command/edquota.md | 44 +++---- command/egrep.md | 14 +-- command/eject.md | 6 +- command/elinks.md | 6 +- command/elm.md | 6 +- command/emacs.md | 28 ++--- command/enable.md | 8 +- command/env.md | 8 +- command/ethtool.md | 23 ++-- command/ex.md | 4 +- command/exec.md | 22 ++-- command/exit.md | 14 +-- command/expand.md | 6 +- command/export.md | 8 +- command/exportfs.md | 4 +- command/expr.md | 18 +-- command/fc.md | 8 +- command/fdisk.md | 38 +++--- command/fg.md | 8 +- command/fgrep.md | 16 +-- command/file.md | 12 +- command/find.md | 88 +++++++------- command/findfs.md | 6 +- command/finger.md | 8 +- command/firewall-cmd.md | 27 +++-- command/fishshell.md | 26 ++-- command/fmt.md | 6 +- command/fold.md | 6 +- command/free.md | 14 +-- command/fsck.md | 10 +- command/ftp.md | 12 +- command/ftpcount.md | 4 +- command/ftpshut.md | 6 +- command/ftptop.md | 6 +- command/ftpwho.md | 6 +- command/fuser.md | 26 ++-- command/gcc.md | 46 +++---- command/gcov.md | 6 +- command/gdb.md | 138 ++++++--------------- command/get_module.md | 8 +- command/getenforce.md | 4 +- command/getsebool.md | 13 +- command/git.md | 168 +++++++++++++------------- 162 files changed, 1482 insertions(+), 1588 deletions(-) diff --git a/command/ab.md b/command/ab.md index 816844c2a6d..66e3b352d26 100644 --- a/command/ab.md +++ b/command/ab.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ab === - + Apache服务器的性能测试工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ab(选项)(参数) ### 选项 -``` +```shell -A：指定连接服务器的基本的认证凭据； -c：指定一次向服务器发出请求数； -C：添加cookie； diff --git a/command/ack.md b/command/ack.md index 0d86a7f5329..0801b946e93 100644 --- a/command/ack.md +++ b/command/ack.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ack ## 安装 -```bash +```shell # ubuntu下要安装ack-grep，因为在debian系中，ack这个名字被其他的软件占用了。 sudo apt-get install ack-grep # alpine Linux-apk软件包管理器 安装 ack @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ apk install ack 这些参数在linux上的适用频率是相当高的，尤其是你用vim做为IDE的话 -``` +```shell -c(统记)/ -i(忽略大小)/ -h(不显示名称)/ -l(只显文件名)/ -n(加行号)/ -v(显示不匹配) ``` @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ack官网列出了这工具的5大卖点： grep常用操作 -```bash +```shell grep -r 'hello_world' # 简单用法 grep '^hello_world' . # 简单正则 ls -l | grep .py # 管道用法 @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ ack-grep -Q 'hello*' 对搜索结果进行处理，比如只显示一个文件的一个匹配项，或者xxx -```bash +```shell ack-grep --line=1 # 输出所有文件第二行 ack-grep -l 'hello' # 包含的文件名 ack-grep -L 'print' # 非包含文件名 @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ ack-grep -L 'print' # 非包含文件名 输出的结果是以什么方式展示呢，这个部分有几个参数可以练习下 -```bash +```shell ack-grep hello --pager='less -R' # 以less形式展示 ack-grep hello --noheading # 不在头上显示文件 ack-grep hello --nocolor # 不对匹配字符着色 @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ ack-grep hello --nocolor # 不对匹配字符着色 ### File finding 没错，它可以查找文件，以省去你要不断的结合find和grep的麻烦，虽然在linux的思想是一个工具做好一件事。 -```bash +```shell ack-grep -f hello.py # 查找全匹配文件 ack-grep -g hello.py$ # 查找正则匹配文件 ack-grep -g hello --sort-files # 查找然后排序 @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ ack-grep -g hello --sort-files # 查找然后排序 文件过滤，个人觉得这是一个很不错的功能。如果你曾经在搜索项目源码是不小心命中日志中的某个关键字的话，你会觉得这个有用。 -```bash +```shell ack-grep --python hello # 查找所有python文件 ack-grep -G hello.py$ hello # 查找匹配正则的文件 ``` diff --git a/command/alias.md b/command/alias.md index 97860478f42..b0ae470440c 100644 --- a/command/alias.md +++ b/command/alias.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ alias(选项)(参数) ### 实例 - **alias 的基本使用方法为：** +**alias 的基本使用方法为：** ``` alias 新的命令='原命令 -选项/参数' @@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ alias 新的命令='原命令 -选项/参数' 要删除一个别名，可以使用 unalias 命令，如 unalias l。 - **查看系统已经设置的别名：** +**查看系统已经设置的别名：** -```bash +```shell [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# alias alias cp='cp -i' @@ -56,16 +56,21 @@ alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-ti ``` ### 命令别名永久生效 + 直接在shell里设定的命令别名，在终端关闭或者系统重新启动后都会失效，如何才能永久有效呢？办法就是将别名的设置加入~/.bashrc文件，然后重新载入下文件就可以了。 -```bash + +```shell $ vim ~/.bashrc ``` 在文件最后面加入别名设置，如：alias rm=’rm -i’，保存后重新载入： -```bash + +```shell $ source ~/.bashrc ``` + 这样就可以永久保存命令的别名了。因为修改的是当前用户目录下的.bashrc文件，所以这样的方式只对当前用户有用。如果要对所有用户都有效，修改/etc目录下的bashrc文件就可以了。在CentOS7下，这个文件是/etc/bash.bashrc。此外在CentOS7下，细看~/.bashrc文件，会发有这样一段代码： -```bash + +```shell if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then . ~/.bash_aliases fi @@ -78,35 +83,35 @@ fi alias这个命令是shell的内建命令，可以根据自己的使用习惯设置一些别名，需要注意的就是和其他命令冲突的情况。 - - #### 一、 范例演示 在使用和维护Linux系统过程中，我们常常希望根据自己的需要来定义一些命令，那么这样的操作是不是很难呢？其实不是，系统已经为我们设置好了相关的命令，下面小编就以CentOS6.4系统为例，为大家演示如何创建自己的命令。 #### 二、 自定义命令简介 - CentOS系统下的创建自定义命令其实比较简单，使用的命令就是alias，具体使用的方法就是 alias 自定义命令名=‘命令’。但是需要注意的是，在自定义之前需要查看自定义的命令名是否是系统已经使用的命令名，否则会冲突，另外一个就是定期清理不需要的自定义命令名。 + +CentOS系统下的创建自定义命令其实比较简单，使用的命令就是alias，具体使用的方法就是 alias 自定义命令名=‘命令’。但是需要注意的是，在自定义之前需要查看自定义的命令名是否是系统已经使用的命令名，否则会冲突，另外一个就是定期清理不需要的自定义命令名。 #### 三、 演示举例 + 假定系统操作员希望进行如下操作： + 1.进入目录/root 2.查看目录下文件 3.切换回根目录 + 通常这需要三条命令 cd /root；ls；cd / ，如果需要经常使用那么我们可以通过自定义命令的方式用一条命令完成全部操作。 -![](alias\01.png) #### 四、 操作过程 - 首先使用命令 type 自定义命令名 ，查看自定义命令名是否被系统占用。从图中可以看出test命令名已被系统占用，所以不能使用，而loo这个命令名经查询可以使用。 -![](alias\02.png) - 使用命令alias创建自定义命令：alias loo='cd /root;ls;cd /' 。需要注意的是命令的使用格式，分号与分号之间是没有空格的。 -![](alias\03.png) - 测试一下自定义命令，当输入命令 loo 时，发现系统依次完成了 cd /root、ls、cd / 三条命令，说明设置成功。同时也可直接使用命令 alias 查询系统中是否添加了loo这个自定义命令。 -![](alias\04.png) +首先使用命令 type 自定义命令名 ，查看自定义命令名是否被系统占用。从图中可以看出test命令名已被系统占用，所以不能使用，而loo这个命令名经查询可以使用。 + +使用命令alias创建自定义命令：alias loo='cd /root;ls;cd /' 。需要注意的是命令的使用格式，分号与分号之间是没有空格的。 + +测试一下自定义命令，当输入命令 loo 时，发现系统依次完成了 cd /root、ls、cd / 三条命令，说明设置成功。同时也可直接使用命令 alias 查询系统中是否添加了loo这个自定义命令。 + +如果希望删除这个自定义命令，可以使用命令 unalias 自定义命令名 来完成。执行之后发现，loo命令已不存在，同时自定义命令库中也没有loo命令。 - 如果希望删除这个自定义命令，可以使用命令 unalias 自定义命令名 来完成。执行之后发现，loo命令已不存在，同时自定义命令库中也没有loo命令。 -![](alias\05.png) diff --git a/command/apachectl.md b/command/apachectl.md index 9656af2d571..64f2ffe8efc 100644 --- a/command/apachectl.md +++ b/command/apachectl.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ apachectl === - + Apache服务器前端控制工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ apachectl(参数) ### 参数 -* configtest：检查设置文件中的语法是否正确； -* fullstatus：显示服务器完整的状态信息； -* graceful：重新启动Apache服务器，但不会中断原有的连接； -* help：显示帮助信息； -* restart：重新启动Apache服务器； -* start：启动Apache服务器； -* status：显示服务器摘要的状态信息； -* stop：停止Apache服务器。 +* configtest：检查设置文件中的语法是否正确； +* fullstatus：显示服务器完整的状态信息； +* graceful：重新启动Apache服务器，但不会中断原有的连接； +* help：显示帮助信息； +* restart：重新启动Apache服务器； +* start：启动Apache服务器； +* status：显示服务器摘要的状态信息； +* stop：停止Apache服务器。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/apk.md b/command/apk.md index 2067e3977fd..153480507f6 100644 --- a/command/apk.md +++ b/command/apk.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具 ## 使用实例 -```bash +```shell apk install xxx apk search xxx # 支持正则 apk info xxx # 查看包的详细信息 @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ apk del openssh openntp vim upgrade命令升级系统已安装的所以软件包（一般包括内核），当然也可指定仅升级部分软件包（通过-u或–upgrade选择指定）。 -```bash +```shell apk update # 更新最新本地镜像源 apk upgrade # 升级软件 apk add --upgrade busybox # 指定升级部分软件包 @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ apk add --upgrade busybox # 指定升级部分软件包 ### 搜索 -```bash +```shell apk search # 查找所以可用软件包 apk search -v # 查找所以可用软件包及其描述内容 apk search -v 'acf*' # 通过软件包名称查找软件包 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ apk search -v -d 'docker' # 通过描述文件查找特定的软件包 info命令用于显示软件包的信息。 -```bash +```shell apk info # 列出所有已安装的软件包 apk info -a zlib # 显示完整的软件包信息 apk info --who-owns /sbin/lbu # 显示指定文件属于的包 @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ apk info --who-owns /sbin/lbu # 显示指定文件属于的包 还是蛮喜欢 alpine 的，简单纯粹 -```bash +```shell apk add iproute2 # ss vs netstat ss -ptl apk add drill # drill vs nslookup&dig diff --git a/command/apropos.md b/command/apropos.md index b4bcd87da81..a48625063c1 100644 --- a/command/apropos.md +++ b/command/apropos.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ apropos === - + 在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ apropos ### 语法 -``` +```shell apropos [-dalhvV] -e|-[w|-r] [-s section] [-m system[,...]] [-M path] [-L locale] -C [file] keyword ... ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d, --debug：输出调试信息。 -v, --verbose：输出详细的警告信息。 -r, -- regex：将每个keyword作为正则表达式解释。这是默认行为。每个keyword将匹配手册页和描述。 @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ apropos [-dalhvV] -e|-[w|-r] [-s section] [-m system[,...]] [-M path] [-L locale ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# man -k who at.allow [at] (5) - determine who can submit jobs via at or batch at.deny [at] (5) - determine who can submit jobs via at or batch @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ whoami (1) - print effective userid 查找手册页名字和描述中包含emacs和vi的手册页： -``` +```shell apropos -a emacs vi ``` diff --git a/command/apt-get.md b/command/apt-get.md index 95a4e3a601d..8af46a2e7ac 100644 --- a/command/apt-get.md +++ b/command/apt-get.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ apt-get === - + Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,26 +9,26 @@ Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具 ### 语法 -``` +```shell apt-get(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -c：指定配置文件。 ``` ### 参数 -* 管理指令：对APT软件包的管理操作； -* 软件包：指定要操纵的软件包。 +* 管理指令：对APT软件包的管理操作； +* 软件包：指定要操纵的软件包。 ### 实例 使用apt-get命令的第一步就是引入必需的软件库，Debian的软件库也就是所有Debian软件包的集合，它们存在互联网上的一些公共站点上。把它们的地址加入，apt-get就能搜索到我们想要的软件。/etc/apt/sources.list是存放这些地址列表的配置文件，其格式如下： -``` +```shell deb web或[ftp地址] [发行版名字] main/contrib/non-[free] ``` @@ -36,55 +36,55 @@ deb web或[ftp地址] [发行版名字] main/contrib/non-[free] 在修改`/etc/apt/sources.list`或者`/etc/apt/preferences`之后运行该命令。此外您需要定期运行这一命令以确保您的软件包列表是最新的： -``` +```shell apt-get update ``` 安装一个新软件包： -``` +```shell apt-get install packagename ``` 卸载一个已安装的软件包（保留配置文件）： -``` +```shell apt-get remove packagename ``` 卸载一个已安装的软件包（删除配置文件）： -``` +```shell apt-get –purge remove packagename ``` 会把已装或已卸的软件都备份在硬盘上，所以如果需要空间的话，可以让这个命令来删除你已经删掉的软件： -``` +```shell apt-get autoclean apt ``` 这个命令会把安装的软件的备份也删除，不过这样不会影响软件的使用的： -``` +```shell apt-get clean ``` 更新所有已安装的软件包： -``` +```shell apt-get upgrade ``` 将系统升级到新版本： -``` +```shell apt-get dist-upgrade ``` 定期运行这个命令来清除那些已经卸载的软件包的.deb文件。通过这种方式，您可以释放大量的磁盘空间。如果您的需求十分迫切，可以使用`apt-get clean`以释放更多空间。这个命令会将已安装软件包裹的.deb文件一并删除。大多数情况下您不会再用到这些.debs文件，因此如果您为磁盘空间不足 而感到焦头烂额，这个办法也许值得一试： -``` +```shell apt-get autoclean ``` diff --git a/command/apt-key.md b/command/apt-key.md index 64766cbe0fa..a5323317de9 100644 --- a/command/apt-key.md +++ b/command/apt-key.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ apt-key === - + 管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ apt-key ### 语法 -``` +```shell apt-key(参数) ``` @@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ apt-key(参数) ### 实例 -``` -apt-key list #列出已保存在系统中key。 -apt-key add keyname #把下载的key添加到本地trusted数据库中。 -apt-key del keyname #从本地trusted数据库删除key。 -apt-key update #更新本地trusted数据库，删除过期没用的key。 +```shell +apt-key list # 列出已保存在系统中key。 +apt-key add keyname # 把下载的key添加到本地trusted数据库中。 +apt-key del keyname # 从本地trusted数据库删除key。 +apt-key update # 更新本地trusted数据库，删除过期没用的key。 ``` diff --git a/command/apt-sortpkgs.md b/command/apt-sortpkgs.md index f9d2416b385..2464a82e4be 100644 --- a/command/apt-sortpkgs.md +++ b/command/apt-sortpkgs.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ apt-sortpkgs === - + Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具 ### 语法 -``` +```shell apt-sortpkgs(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -s：使用源索引字段排序； -h：显示帮助信息。 ``` diff --git a/command/aptitude.md b/command/aptitude.md index 378997d3271..6e577310d5f 100644 --- a/command/aptitude.md +++ b/command/aptitude.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ aptitude === - + Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具 ### 语法 -``` +```shell aptitude(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -h：显示帮助信息； -d：仅下载软件包，不执行安装操作； -P：每一步操作都要求确认； @@ -32,17 +32,17 @@ aptitude(选项)(参数) 以下是我总结的一些常用aptitude命令，仅供参考： -``` -aptitude update #更新可用的包列表 -aptitude upgrade #升级可用的包 -aptitude dist-upgrade #将系统升级到新的发行版 -aptitude install pkgname #安装包 -aptitude remove pkgname #删除包 -aptitude purge pkgname #删除包及其配置文件 -aptitude search string #搜索包 -aptitude show pkgname #显示包的详细信息 -aptitude clean #删除下载的包文件 -aptitude autoclean #仅删除过期的包文件 +```shell +aptitude update # 更新可用的包列表 +aptitude upgrade # 升级可用的包 +aptitude dist-upgrade # 将系统升级到新的发行版 +aptitude install pkgname # 安装包 +aptitude remove pkgname # 删除包 +aptitude purge pkgname # 删除包及其配置文件 +aptitude search string # 搜索包 +aptitude show pkgname # 显示包的详细信息 +aptitude clean # 删除下载的包文件 +aptitude autoclean # 仅删除过期的包文件 ``` 当然，你也可以在文本界面模式中使用 aptitude。 diff --git a/command/ar.md b/command/ar.md index ceaa9874924..d309168256f 100644 --- a/command/ar.md +++ b/command/ar.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Usage: ar [emulation options] [-]{dmpqrstx}[abcDfilMNoPsSTuvV] [--plugin ] ### 选项 -``` +```shell d - 从归档文件中删除文件 m[ab] - 在归档文件中移动文件 p - 打印在归档文件中找到的文件 @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ x[o] - 从归档文件中分解文件 选项参数 -``` +```shell --plugin

- load the specified plugin ``` @@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ ar：支持的目标： elf64-x86-64 elf32-i386 elf32-x86-64 a.out-i386-linux pe 打包文件 -``` -[root@localhost ~]# ls //显示当前目录文件 +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# ls # 显示当前目录文件 a.c b.c d.c install.log qte anaconda-ks.cfg c.c Desktop -[root@localhost ~]# ar rv one.bak a.c b.c //打包 a.c b.c文件 +[root@localhost ~]# ar rv one.bak a.c b.c # 打包 a.c b.c文件 ar: 正在创建 one.bak a - a.c a - b.c @@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ a - b.c 打包多个文件 -``` -[root@localhost ~]# ar rv two.bak *.c //打包以.c结尾的文件 +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# ar rv two.bak *.c // 打包以.c结尾的文件 ar: 正在创建 two.bak a - a.c a - b.c @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ a - d.c 显示打包文件的内容 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# ar t two.bak a.c b.c @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ d.c 删除打包文件的成员文件 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# ar d two.bak a.c b.c c.c [root@localhost ~]# ar t two.bak d.c diff --git a/command/arch.md b/command/arch.md index 53e27266df0..75cd9fbe1b4 100644 --- a/command/arch.md +++ b/command/arch.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ arch === - + 显示当前主机的硬件架构类型 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ arch ### 语法 -``` +```shell arch ``` ### 实例 -``` +```shell arch x86_64 ``` diff --git a/command/arj.md b/command/arj.md index 01f38cbc8b4..452d30c1ea2 100644 --- a/command/arj.md +++ b/command/arj.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ arj === - + 用于创建和管理.arj压缩包 ## 补充说明 -**arj命令** 是“.arj”格式的压缩文件的管理器，用于创建和管理“.arj”压缩包。 +**arj命令** 是 `.arj` 格式的压缩文件的管理器，用于创建和管理 `.arj` 压缩包。 ### 语法 -``` +```shell arj(参数) ``` ### 参数 -* 操作指令：对“.arj”压缩包执行的操作指令； -* 压缩包名称：指定要操作的arj压缩包名称。 +* 操作指令：对 `.arj` 压缩包执行的操作指令； +* 压缩包名称：指定要操作的arj压缩包名称。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/arpd.md b/command/arpd.md index 35e2dc5e208..b609b2bdc1b 100644 --- a/command/arpd.md +++ b/command/arpd.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ arpd === - + 收集免费ARP信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ arpd ### 语法 -``` +```shell arpd(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -l：将arp数据库输出到标准输出设备显示并退出； -f：指定读取和加载arpd数据库的文本文件，文件的格式与“-l”输出信息类似； -b：指定arpd数据库文件，默认的位置为“/var/lib/arpd.db”； @@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ arpd(选项)(参数) 启动arpd进程： -``` +```shell arpd -b /var/tmp/arpd.db ``` 运行一段时间后，查看结果： -``` +```shell arpd -l -b /var/tmp/arpd.db ``` diff --git a/command/arping.md b/command/arping.md index 3494228cf3d..02bb77c2b2e 100644 --- a/command/arping.md +++ b/command/arping.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ arping === - + 通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ arping ### 语法 -``` +```shell arping(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b：用于发送以太网广播帧（FFFFFFFFFFFF）。arping一开始使用广播地址，在收到响应后就使用unicast地址。 -q：quiet output不显示任何信息； -f：表示在收到第一个响应报文后就退出； @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ arping(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# arping www.baidu.com ARPING 220.181.111.147 from 173.231.43.132 eth0 Unicast reply from 220.181.111.147 00:D0:03:[bc:48:00] 1.666ms diff --git a/command/arptables.md b/command/arptables.md index 56c137b1d8a..64af5706a91 100644 --- a/command/arptables.md +++ b/command/arptables.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ arptables === - + 管理ARP包过滤规则表 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ arptables ### 语法 -``` +```shell arptables(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -A：向规则链中追加规则； -D：从指定的链中删除规则； -l：向规则链中插入一条新的规则； diff --git a/command/arpwatch.md b/command/arpwatch.md index c3fb1a220a3..72883f3443c 100644 --- a/command/arpwatch.md +++ b/command/arpwatch.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ arpwatch === - + 监听网络上ARP的记录 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ arpwatch ### 语法 -``` +```shell arpwatch(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：启动排错模式； -f<记录文件>：设置存储ARP记录的文件，预设为/var/arpwatch/arp.dat； -i<接口>：指定监听ARP的接口，预设的接口为eth0； diff --git a/command/as.md b/command/as.md index 28de2b249dc..0904e5f0d83 100644 --- a/command/as.md +++ b/command/as.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ as === - + 汇编语言编译器 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ as ### 语法 -``` +```shell as(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -ac：忽略失败条件； -ad：忽略调试指令； -ah：包括高级源； diff --git a/command/at.md b/command/at.md index be7f0600bd6..a03a31beb89 100644 --- a/command/at.md +++ b/command/at.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ at === - + 在指定时间执行一个任务 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ at ### 语法 -``` +```shell at(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -f：指定包含具体指令的任务文件； -q：指定新任务的队列名称； -l：显示待执行任务的列表； @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ at(选项)(参数) 三天后的下午 5 点锺执行`/bin/ls`： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# at 5pm+3 days at> /bin/ls at> @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ job 7 at 2013-01-08 17:00 明天17点钟，输出时间到指定文件内： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# at 17:20 tomorrow at> date >/root/2013.log at> @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ job 8 at 2013-01-06 17:20 计划任务设定后，在没有执行之前我们可以用atq命令来查看系统没有执行工作任务： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# atq 8 2013-01-06 17:20 a root 7 2013-01-08 17:00 a root @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ job 8 at 2013-01-06 17:20 删除已经设置的任务： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# atq 8 2013-01-06 17:20 a root 7 2013-01-08 17:00 a root @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ job 8 at 2013-01-06 17:20 显示已经设置的任务内容： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# at -c 8 #!/bin/sh # atrun uid=0 gid=0 diff --git a/command/atop.md b/command/atop.md index 3ead1d6d07b..86fd79848f5 100644 --- a/command/atop.md +++ b/command/atop.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ atop ## 语法 -``` +```shell atop(选项)(参数) ``` @@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数 其实atop开发者已经提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的atop.daily脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在atop.daily脚本中，我们可以通过修改INTERVAL变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟)；通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天)： -``` +```shell (sleep 3; find $LOGPATH -name 'atop_*' -mtime +28 -exec rm {} \; )& ``` 最后，我们修改cron文件，每天凌晨执行atop.daily脚本： -``` +```shell 0 0 * * * root /etc/cron.daily/atop.daily ``` diff --git a/command/atq.md b/command/atq.md index 31f0586c6b6..f21f517efbe 100644 --- a/command/atq.md +++ b/command/atq.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ atq === - + 列出当前用户的at任务列表 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ atq ### 语法 -``` +```shell atq(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -V：显示版本号； -q：查询指定队列的任务。 ``` ### 实例 -``` +```shell at now + 10 minutes at> echo 1111 at> diff --git a/command/atrm.md b/command/atrm.md index 2691142deba..63b06353136 100644 --- a/command/atrm.md +++ b/command/atrm.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ atrm === - + 删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ atrm ### 语法 -``` +```shell atrm(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -V：显示版本号。 ``` @@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ atrm(选项)(参数) 删除已经排队的任务 -``` -atq //显示当前已经设置的任务 +```shell +atq # 显示当前已经设置的任务 2 Mon May 17 08:00:00 2010 a root 1 Sat May 15 17:00:00 2010 a root -atrm 2 //删除任务2 +atrm 2 # 删除任务2 ``` diff --git a/command/awk.md b/command/awk.md index a64c8856014..c7641dc9894 100644 --- a/command/awk.md +++ b/command/awk.md @@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ awk ## awk命令格式和选项 - **语法形式** +**语法形式** -``` +```shell awk [options] 'script' var=value file(s) awk [options] -f scriptfile var=value file(s) ``` - **常用命令选项** +**常用命令选项** -* **-F fs   ** fs指定输入分隔符，fs可以是字符串或正则表达式，如-F: -* **-v var=value   ** 赋值一个用户定义变量，将外部变量传递给awk -* **-f scripfile  ** 从脚本文件中读取awk命令 -* **-m[fr] val   ** 对val值设置内在限制，-mf选项限制分配给val的最大块数目；-mr选项限制记录的最大数目。这两个功能是Bell实验室版awk的扩展功能，在标准awk中不适用。 +* **-F fs** fs指定输入分隔符，fs可以是字符串或正则表达式，如-F: +* **-v var=value** 赋值一个用户定义变量，将外部变量传递给awk +* **-f scripfile** 从脚本文件中读取awk命令 +* **-m[fr] val** 对val值设置内在限制，-mf选项限制分配给val的最大块数目；-mr选项限制记录的最大数目。这两个功能是Bell实验室版awk的扩展功能，在标准awk中不适用。 ## awk模式和操作 @@ -31,36 +31,36 @@ awk脚本是由模式和操作组成的。 模式可以是以下任意一个： -* /正则表达式/：使用通配符的扩展集。 -* 关系表达式：使用运算符进行操作，可以是字符串或数字的比较测试。 -* 模式匹配表达式：用运算符`~`（匹配）和`!~`（不匹配）。 -* BEGIN语句块、pattern语句块、END语句块：参见awk的工作原理 +* /正则表达式/：使用通配符的扩展集。 +* 关系表达式：使用运算符进行操作，可以是字符串或数字的比较测试。 +* 模式匹配表达式：用运算符`~`（匹配）和`!~`（不匹配）。 +* BEGIN语句块、pattern语句块、END语句块：参见awk的工作原理 ### 操作 操作由一个或多个命令、函数、表达式组成，之间由换行符或分号隔开，并位于大括号内，主要部分是： -* 变量或数组赋值 -* 输出命令 -* 内置函数 -* 控制流语句 +* 变量或数组赋值 +* 输出命令 +* 内置函数 +* 控制流语句 ## awk脚本基本结构 -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ print "start" } pattern{ commands } END{ print "end" }' file ``` 一个awk脚本通常由：BEGIN语句块、能够使用模式匹配的通用语句块、END语句块3部分组成，这三个部分是可选的。任意一个部分都可以不出现在脚本中，脚本通常是被 **单引号** 或 **双引号** 中，例如： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ i=0 } { i++ } END{ print i }' filename awk "BEGIN{ i=0 } { i++ } END{ print i }" filename ``` ### awk的工作原理 -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ commands } pattern{ commands } END{ commands }' ``` @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{ commands } pattern{ commands } END{ commands }' **示例** -``` +```shell echo -e "A line 1nA line 2" | awk 'BEGIN{ print "Start" } { print } END{ print "End" }' Start A line 1 @@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ End 当使用不带参数的`print`时，它就打印当前行，当`print`的参数是以逗号进行分隔时，打印时则以空格作为定界符。在awk的print语句块中双引号是被当作拼接符使用，例如： -``` +```shell echo | awk '{ var1="v1"; var2="v2"; var3="v3"; print var1,var2,var3; }' v1 v2 v3 ``` 双引号拼接使用： -``` +```shell echo | awk '{ var1="v1"; var2="v2"; var3="v3"; print var1"="var2"="var3; }' v1=v2=v3 ``` @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ v1=v2=v3 说明：[A][N][P][G]表示第一个支持变量的工具，[A]=awk、[N]=nawk、[P]=POSIXawk、[G]=gawk -``` +```shell **$n** 当前记录的第n个字段，比如n为1表示第一个字段，n为2表示第二个字段。 **$0** 这个变量包含执行过程中当前行的文本内容。 [N] **ARGC** 命令行参数的数目。 @@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ v1=v2=v3 [N] **SUBSEP** 数组下标分隔符（默认值是34）。 ``` - **示例** +**示例** -``` +```shell echo -e "line1 f2 f3\nline2 f4 f5\nline3 f6 f7" | awk '{print "Line No:"NR", No of fields:"NF, "$0="$0, "$1="$1, "$2="$2, "$3="$3}' Line No:1, No of fields:3 $0=line1 f2 f3 $1=line1 $2=f2 $3=f3 Line No:2, No of fields:3 $0=line2 f4 f5 $1=line2 $2=f4 $3=f5 @@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ Line No:3, No of fields:3 $0=line3 f6 f7 $1=line3 $2=f6 $3=f7 使用`print $NF`可以打印出一行中的最后一个字段，使用`$(NF-1)`则是打印倒数第二个字段，其他以此类推： -``` +```shell echo -e "line1 f2 f3n line2 f4 f5" | awk '{print $NF}' f3 f5 ``` -``` +```shell echo -e "line1 f2 f3n line2 f4 f5" | awk '{print $(NF-1)}' f2 f4 @@ -155,13 +155,13 @@ f4 打印每一行的第二和第三个字段： -``` +```shell awk '{ print $2,$3 }' filename ``` 统计文件中的行数： -``` +```shell awk 'END{ print NR }' filename ``` @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ awk 'END{ print NR }' filename 一个每一行中第一个字段值累加的例子： -``` +```shell seq 5 | awk 'BEGIN{ sum=0; print "总和：" } { print $1"+"; sum+=$1 } END{ print "等于"; print sum }' 总和： 1+ @@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ seq 5 | awk 'BEGIN{ sum=0; print "总和：" } { print $1"+"; sum+=$1 } END{ pri 借助 **`-v`选项** ，可以将外部值（并非来自stdin）传递给awk： -``` +```shell VAR=10000 echo | awk -v VARIABLE=$VAR '{ print VARIABLE }' ``` 另一种传递外部变量方法： -``` +```shell var1="aaa" var2="bbb" echo | awk '{ print v1,v2 }' v1=$var1 v2=$var2 @@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ echo | awk '{ print v1,v2 }' v1=$var1 v2=$var2 当输入来自于文件时使用： -``` +```shell awk '{ print v1,v2 }' v1=$var1 v2=$var2 filename ``` @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ awk '{ print v1,v2 }' v1=$var1 v2=$var2 filename ## 查找进程pid -``` +```shell netstat -antup | grep 7770 | awk '{ print $NF NR}' | awk '{ print $1}' ``` @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ netstat -antup | grep 7770 | awk '{ print $NF NR}' | awk '{ print $1}' 例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{a="b";print a++,++a;}' 0 2 ``` @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{a="b";print a++,++a;}' 例： -``` +```shell a+=5; 等价于：a=a+5; 其它同类 ``` @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ a+=5; 等价于：a=a+5; 其它同类 例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{a=1;b=2;print (a>5 && b<=2),(a>5 || b<=2);}' 0 1 ``` @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{a=1;b=2;print (a>5 && b<=2),(a>5 || b<=2);}' 例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{a="100testa";if(a ~ /^100*/){print "ok";}}' ok ``` @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ ok 例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{a=11;if(a >= 9){print "ok";}}' ok ``` @@ -300,12 +300,12 @@ ok 例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{a="b";print a=="b"?"ok":"err";}' ok ``` -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{a="b";arr[0]="b";arr[1]="c";print (a in arr);}' 0 ``` @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{a="b";arr[0]="b";arr["b"]="c";print (a in arr);}' awk中`next`语句使用：在循环逐行匹配，如果遇到next，就会跳过当前行，直接忽略下面语句。而进行下一行匹配。next语句一般用于多行合并： -``` +```shell cat text.txt a b @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ awk 'NR%2==1{next}{print NR,$0;}' text.txt 分析发现需要将包含有“web”行进行跳过，然后需要将内容与下面行合并为一行： -``` +```shell cat text.txt web01[192.168.2.100] httpd ok @@ -374,26 +374,26 @@ getline语法：getline var，变量var包含了特定行的内容。 awk getline从整体上来说，用法说明： -* **当其左右无重定向符`|`或`<`时：** getline作用于当前文件，读入当前文件的第一行给其后跟的变量`var`或`$0`（无变量），应该注意到，由于awk在处理getline之前已经读入了一行，所以getline得到的返回结果是隔行的。 -* **当其左右有重定向符`|`或`<`时：** getline则作用于定向输入文件，由于该文件是刚打开，并没有被awk读入一行，只是getline读入，那么getline返回的是该文件的第一行，而不是隔行。 +* **当其左右无重定向符`|`或`<`时：** getline作用于当前文件，读入当前文件的第一行给其后跟的变量`var`或`$0`（无变量），应该注意到，由于awk在处理getline之前已经读入了一行，所以getline得到的返回结果是隔行的。 +* **当其左右有重定向符`|`或`<`时：** getline则作用于定向输入文件，由于该文件是刚打开，并没有被awk读入一行，只是getline读入，那么getline返回的是该文件的第一行，而不是隔行。 - **示例：** +**示例：** 执行linux的`date`命令，并通过管道输出给`getline`，然后再把输出赋值给自定义变量out，并打印它： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ "date" | getline out; print out }' test ``` 执行shell的date命令，并通过管道输出给getline，然后getline从管道中读取并将输入赋值给out，split函数把变量out转化成数组mon，然后打印数组mon的第二个元素： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ "date" | getline out; split(out,mon); print mon[2] }' test ``` 命令ls的输出传递给geline作为输入，循环使getline从ls的输出中读取一行，并把它打印到屏幕。这里没有输入文件，因为BEGIN块在打开输入文件前执行，所以可以忽略输入文件。 -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ while( "ls" | getline) print }' ``` @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{ while( "ls" | getline) print }' awk中允许在程序中关闭一个输入或输出文件，方法是使用awk的close语句。 -``` +```shell close("filename") ``` @@ -411,9 +411,9 @@ filename可以是getline打开的文件，也可以是stdin，包含文件名的 awk中允许用如下方式将结果输出到一个文件： -``` +```shell echo | awk '{printf("hello word!n") > "datafile"}' -或 +# 或 echo | awk '{printf("hello word!n") >> "datafile"}' ``` @@ -421,9 +421,9 @@ echo | awk '{printf("hello word!n") >> "datafile"}' 默认的字段定界符是空格，可以使用`-F "定界符"` 明确指定一个定界符： -``` +```shell awk -F: '{ print $NF }' /etc/passwd -或 +# 或 awk 'BEGIN{ FS=":" } { print $NF }' /etc/passwd ``` @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{ FS=":" } { print $NF }' /etc/passwd ### 条件判断语句 -``` +```shell if(表达式) 语句1 else @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ else 格式中语句1可以是多个语句，为了方便判断和阅读，最好将多个语句用{}括起来。awk分枝结构允许嵌套，其格式为： -``` +```shell if(表达式) {语句1} else if(表达式) @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ else 示例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ test=100; if(test>90){ @@ -478,14 +478,14 @@ very good #### while语句 -``` +```shell while(表达式) {语句} ``` 示例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ test=100; total=0; @@ -504,14 +504,14 @@ for循环有两种格式： 格式1： -``` +```shell for(变量 in 数组) {语句} ``` 示例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ for(k in ENVIRON){ print k"="ENVIRON[k]; @@ -532,14 +532,14 @@ SSH_CLIENT=192.168.1.21 53087 22 格式2： -``` +```shell for(变量;条件;表达式) {语句} ``` 示例： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ total=0; for(i=0;i<=100;i++){ @@ -552,14 +552,14 @@ print total; #### do循环 -``` +```shell do {语句} while(条件) ``` 例子： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ total=0; i=0; @@ -571,10 +571,10 @@ do {total+=i;i++;} while(i<=100) ### 其他语句 -* **break** 当 break 语句用于 while 或 for 语句时，导致退出程序循环。 -* **continue** 当 continue 语句用于 while 或 for 语句时，使程序循环移动到下一个迭代。 -* **next** 能能够导致读入下一个输入行，并返回到脚本的顶部。这可以避免对当前输入行执行其他的操作过程。 -* **exit** 语句使主输入循环退出并将控制转移到END,如果END存在的话。如果没有定义END规则，或在END中应用exit语句，则终止脚本的执行。 +* **break** 当 break 语句用于 while 或 for 语句时，导致退出程序循环。 +* **continue** 当 continue 语句用于 while 或 for 语句时，使程序循环移动到下一个迭代。 +* **next** 能能够导致读入下一个输入行，并返回到脚本的顶部。这可以避免对当前输入行执行其他的操作过程。 +* **exit** 语句使主输入循环退出并将控制转移到END,如果END存在的话。如果没有定义END规则，或在END中应用exit语句，则终止脚本的执行。 ## 数组应用 @@ -584,14 +584,14 @@ do {total+=i;i++;} while(i<=100) 数字做数组索引（下标）： -``` +```shell Array[1]="sun" Array[2]="kai" ``` 字符串做数组索引（下标）： -``` +```shell Array["first"]="www" Array"[last"]="name" Array["birth"]="1987" @@ -601,32 +601,32 @@ Array["birth"]="1987" **读取数组的值** -``` +```shell { for(item in array) {print array[item]}; } #输出的顺序是随机的 { for(i=1;i<=len;i++) {print array[i]}; } #Len是数组的长度 ``` ### 数组相关函数 - **得到数组长度：** +**得到数组长度：** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="it is a test";lens=split(info,tA," ");print length(tA),lens;}' 4 4 ``` length返回字符串以及数组长度，split进行分割字符串为数组，也会返回分割得到数组长度。 -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="it is a test";split(info,tA," ");print asort(tA);}' 4 ``` asort对数组进行排序，返回数组长度。 - **输出数组内容（无序，有序输出）：** +**输出数组内容（无序，有序输出）：** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="it is a test";split(info,tA," ");for(k in tA){print k,tA[k];}}' 4 test 1 it @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{info="it is a test";split(info,tA," ");for(k in tA){print k,tA[k];}}' `for…in`输出，因为数组是关联数组，默认是无序的。所以通过`for…in`得到是无序的数组。如果需要得到有序数组，需要通过下标获得。 -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="it is a test";tlen=split(info,tA," ");for(k=1;k<=tlen;k++){print k,tA[k];}}' 1 it 2 is @@ -646,10 +646,10 @@ awk 'BEGIN{info="it is a test";tlen=split(info,tA," ");for(k=1;k<=tlen;k++){prin 注意：数组下标是从1开始，与C数组不一样。 - **判断键值存在以及删除键值：** +**判断键值存在以及删除键值：** -``` -#错误的判断方法： +```shell +# 错误的判断方法： awk 'BEGIN{tB["a"]="a1";tB["b"]="b1";if(tB["c"]!="1"){print "no found";};for(k in tB){print k,tB[k];}}' no found a a1 @@ -659,8 +659,8 @@ c 以上出现奇怪问题，`tB[“c”]`没有定义，但是循环时候，发现已经存在该键值，它的值为空，这里需要注意，awk数组是关联数组，只要通过数组引用它的key，就会自动创建改序列。 -```bash -#正确判断方法： +```shell +# 正确判断方法： awk 'BEGIN{tB["a"]="a1";tB["b"]="b1";if( "c" in tB){print "ok";};for(k in tB){print k,tB[k];}}' a a1 b b1 @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ b b1 `if(key in array)`通过这种方法判断数组中是否包含`key`键值。 -```bash +```shell #删除键值： awk 'BEGIN{tB["a"]="a1";tB["b"]="b1";delete tB["a"];for(k in tB){print k,tB[k];}}' b b1 @@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ awk的多维数组在本质上是一维数组，更确切一点，awk在存储 类似一维数组的成员测试，多维数组可以使用`if ( (i,j) in array)`这样的语法，但是下标必须放置在圆括号中。类似一维数组的循环访问，多维数组使用`for ( item in array )`这样的语法遍历数组。与一维数组不同的是，多维数组必须使用`split()`函数来访问单独的下标分量。 -```bash +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ for(i=1;i<=9;i++){ for(j=1;j<=9;j++){ @@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ for(i=1;i<=9;i++){ 另一种方法： -```bash +```shell awk 'BEGIN{ for(i=1;i<=9;i++){ for(j=1;j<=9;j++){ @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ awk内置函数，主要分以下3种类似：算数函数、字符串函数、 举例说明： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{OFMT="%.3f";fs=sin(1);fe=exp(10);fl=log(10);fi=int(3.1415);print fs,fe,fl,fi;}' 0.841 22026.466 2.303 3 @@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ OFMT 设置输出数据格式是保留3位小数。 获得随机数： -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{srand();fr=int(100*rand());print fr;}' 78 awk 'BEGIN{srand();fr=int(100*rand());print fr;}' @@ -779,9 +779,9 @@ awk 'BEGIN{srand();fr=int(100*rand());print fr;}' 注：Ere都可以是正则表达式。 - **gsub,sub使用** +**gsub,sub使用** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test2010test!";gsub(/[0-9]+/,"!",info);print info}' this is a test!test! ``` @@ -790,32 +790,32 @@ this is a test!test! **查找字符串（index使用）** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test2010test!";print index(info,"test")?"ok":"no found";}' ok ``` 未找到，返回0 - **正则表达式匹配查找(match使用）** +**正则表达式匹配查找(match使用）** ``` awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test2010test!";print match(info,/[0-9]+/)?"ok":"no found";}' ok ``` - **截取字符串(substr使用）** +**截取字符串(substr使用）** -``` +```shell [wangsl@centos5 ~]$ awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test2010test!";print substr(info,4,10);}' s is a tes ``` 从第 4个 字符开始，截取10个长度字符串 - **字符串分割（split使用）** +**字符串分割（split使用）** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test";split(info,tA," ");print length(tA);for(k in tA){print k,tA[k];}}' 4 4 test @@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test";split(info,tA," ");print length(tA);for(k in tA 分割info，动态创建数组tA，这里比较有意思，`awk for …in`循环，是一个无序的循环。 并不是从数组下标1…n ，因此使用时候需要注意。 - **格式化字符串输出（sprintf使用）** +**格式化字符串输出（sprintf使用）** 格式化字符串格式： @@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ awk 'BEGIN{info="this is a test";split(info,tA," ");print length(tA);for(k in tA | %o | 无符号以八进制表示的整数 | %g | 自动选择合适的表示法 | -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{n1=124.113;n2=-1.224;n3=1.2345; printf("%.2f,%.2u,%.2g,%X,%on",n1,n2,n3,n1,n1);}' 124.11,18446744073709551615,1.2,7C,174 ``` @@ -856,34 +856,34 @@ awk 'BEGIN{n1=124.113;n2=-1.224;n3=1.2345; printf("%.2f,%.2u,%.2g,%X,%on",n1,n2, | getline [ Variable ] < Expression | 从 Expression 参数指定的文件读取输入的下一个记录，并将 Variable 参数指定的变量设置为该记录的值。只要流保留打开且 Expression 参数对同一个字符串求值，则对 getline 函数的每次后续调用读取另一个记录。如果未指定 Variable 参数，则 $0 记录变量和 NF 特殊变量设置为从流读取的记录。 | | getline [ Variable ] | 将 Variable 参数指定的变量设置为从当前输入文件读取的下一个输入记录。如果未指定 Variable 参数，则 $0 记录变量设置为该记录的值，还将设置 NF、NR 和 FNR 特殊变量。 | - **打开外部文件（close用法）** +**打开外部文件（close用法）** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{while("cat /etc/passwd"|getline){print $0;};close("/etc/passwd");}' root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin ``` - **逐行读取外部文件(getline使用方法）** +**逐行读取外部文件(getline使用方法）** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{while(getline < "/etc/passwd"){print $0;};close("/etc/passwd");}' root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin ``` -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{print "Enter your name:";getline name;print name;}' Enter your name: chengmo chengmo ``` - **调用外部应用程序(system使用方法）** +**调用外部应用程序(system使用方法）** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{b=system("ls -al");print b;}' total 42092 drwxr-xr-x 14 chengmo chengmo 4096 09-30 17:47 . @@ -901,26 +901,26 @@ b返回值，是执行结果。 | strftime([format [, timestamp]]) | 格式化时间输出，将时间戳转为时间字符串具体格式，见下表。 | | systime() | 得到时间戳，返回从1970年1月1日开始到当前时间(不计闰年)的整秒数 | - **建指定时间(mktime使用）** +**建指定时间(mktime使用）** -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{tstamp=mktime("2001 01 01 12 12 12");print strftime("%c",tstamp);}' 2001年01月01日 星期一 12时12分12秒 ``` -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{tstamp1=mktime("2001 01 01 12 12 12");tstamp2=mktime("2001 02 01 0 0 0");print tstamp2-tstamp1;}' 2634468 ``` 求2个时间段中间时间差，介绍了strftime使用方法 -``` +```shell awk 'BEGIN{tstamp1=mktime("2001 01 01 12 12 12");tstamp2=systime();print tstamp2-tstamp1;}' 308201392 ``` - **strftime日期和时间格式说明符** +**strftime日期和时间格式说明符** | 格式 | 描述 | | ---- | ---- | diff --git a/command/axel.md b/command/axel.md index 42591c657f7..b783ff11033 100644 --- a/command/axel.md +++ b/command/axel.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ axel === - + 多线程下载工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,56 +11,56 @@ axel CentOS安装Axel： -目前yum源上没有Axel，我们可以到http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/下载rpm包安装。 +目前yum源上没有Axel，我们可以到 http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/ 下载rpm包安装。 32位CentOS执行下面命令： -``` +```shell wget -c http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm rpm -ivh axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm ``` 64位CentOS执行下面命令： -``` +```shell wget -c http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh axel-2.4-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm ``` Debian/Ubuntu安装Axel： -``` +```shell apt-get install axel ``` ### 语法 -``` +```shell axel [options] url1 [url2] [url...] ``` ### 选项 -``` ---max-speed=x , -s x 最高速度x ---num-connections=x , -n x 连接数x ---output=f , -o f 下载为本地文件f ---search[=x] , -S [x] 搜索镜像 ---header=x , -H x 添加头文件字符串x（指定 HTTP header） ---user-agent=x , -U x 设置用户代理（指定 HTTP user agent） ---no-proxy ， -N 不使用代理服务器 ---quiet ， -q 静默模式 ---verbose ，-v 更多状态信息 ---alternate ， -a Alternate progress indicator ---help ，-h 帮助 ---version ，-V 版本信息 +```shell +--max-speed=x , -s x # 最高速度x +--num-connections=x , -n x # 连接数x +--output=f , -o f # 下载为本地文件f +--search[=x] , -S [x] # 搜索镜像 +--header=x , -H x # 添加头文件字符串x（指定 HTTP header） +--user-agent=x , -U x # 设置用户代理（指定 HTTP user agent） +--no-proxy ， -N # 不使用代理服务器 +--quiet ， -q # 静默模式 +--verbose ，-v # 更多状态信息 +--alternate ， -a # Alternate progress indicator +--help ，-h # 帮助 +--version ，-V # 版本信息 ``` ### 实例 -如下载lnmp安装包指定10个线程，存到/tmp/： +如下载lnmp安装包指定10个线程，存到 `/tmp/`： -``` +```shell axel -n 10 -o /tmp/ http://www.jsdig.com/lnmp.tar.gz ``` diff --git a/command/badblocks.md b/command/badblocks.md index a334c53484a..14df570705e 100644 --- a/command/badblocks.md +++ b/command/badblocks.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ badblocks === - + 查找磁盘中损坏的区块 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ badblocks ### 语法 -``` +```shell badblock(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b<区块大小>：指定磁盘的区块大小，单位为字节； -o<输出文件>：将检查的结果写入指定的输出文件； -s：在检查时显示进度； @@ -25,21 +25,21 @@ badblock(选项)(参数) ### 参数 -* 磁盘装置：指定要检查的磁盘装置； -* 磁盘区块数：指定磁盘装置的区块总数； -* 启始区块：指定要从哪个区块开始检查。 +* 磁盘装置：指定要检查的磁盘装置； +* 磁盘区块数：指定磁盘装置的区块总数； +* 启始区块：指定要从哪个区块开始检查。 ### 实例 -badblocks以4096的一个block，每一个block检查16次，将结果输出到“hda-badblocks-list”文件里。 +badblocks以 4096 的一个block，每一个block检查16次，将结果输出到“hda-badblocks-list”文件里。 -``` +```shell badblocks -b 4096 -c 16 /dev/hda1 -o hda-badblocks-list ``` hda-badblocks-list是个文本文件，内容如下： -``` +```shell cat hda-badblocks-list 51249 51250 @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ cat hda-badblocks-list 可以针对可疑的区块多做几次操作。下面，badblocks以4096字节为一个“block”,每一个“block”检查1次, 将结果输出到“hda-badblocks-list.1”文件中，由第51000 block开始，到63000 block结束。 -``` +```shell badblocks -b 4096 -c 1 /dev/hda1 -o hda-badblocks-list.1 63000 51000 ``` @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ badblocks -b 4096 -c 1 /dev/hda1 -o hda-badblocks-list.1 63000 51000 ### 其他 - **1、fsck使用badblocks的信息** +**1、fsck使用badblocks的信息** badblocks只会在日志文件中标记出坏道的信息，但若希望在检测磁盘时也能跳过这些坏块不检测，可以使用fsck的-l参数： @@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ badblocks只会在日志文件中标记出坏道的信息，但若希望在检 fsck.ext3 -l /tmp/hda-badblock-list.final /dev/hda1 ``` - **2、在创建文件系统前检测坏道** +**2、在创建文件系统前检测坏道** badblocks可以随e2fsck和mke2fs的-c删除一起运行（对ext3文件系统也一样），在创建文件系统前就先检测坏道信息： -``` +```shell mkfs.ext3 -c /dev/hda1 ``` diff --git a/command/basename.md b/command/basename.md index 02055753629..e7c707e69fd 100644 --- a/command/basename.md +++ b/command/basename.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ basename === - + 打印目录或者文件的基本名称 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,27 +9,27 @@ basename ### 语法 -``` +```shell basename(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --help：显示帮助； --version：显示版本号。 ``` ### 参数 -* 文件：带路径信息的文件； -* 后缀：可选参数，指定要去除的文件后缀字符串。 +* 文件：带路径信息的文件； +* 后缀：可选参数，指定要去除的文件后缀字符串。 ### 实例 1、要显示一个shell变量的基本名称，请输入： -``` +```shell basename $WORKFILE ``` @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ basename $WORKFILE 要构造一个和另一个文件名称相同（除了后缀）的文件名称，请输入： -``` +```shell OFILE=`basename $1 .c`.o ``` diff --git a/command/batch.md b/command/batch.md index 489b073284d..de1abb92e49 100644 --- a/command/batch.md +++ b/command/batch.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ batch === - + 在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ batch ### 语法 -``` +```shell batch(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -f：指定包含具体指令的任务文件； -q：指定新任务的队列名称； -m：任务执行完后向用户发送E-mail。 @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ batch(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell batch at> echo 1234 at> diff --git a/command/bc.md b/command/bc.md index 2c582c15b35..1adbd5cb3de 100644 --- a/command/bc.md +++ b/command/bc.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ bc === - + 算术操作精密运算工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ bc ### 语法 -``` +```shell bc(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -i：强制进入交互式模式； -l：定义使用的标准数学库； -w：对POSIX bc的扩展给出警告信息； @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ bc(选项)(参数) 算术操作高级运算bc命令它可以执行浮点运算和一些高级函数： -``` +```shell echo "1.212*3" | bc 3.636 @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ echo "1.212*3" | bc 设定小数精度（数值范围） -``` +```shell echo "scale=2;3/8" | bc 0.37 @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ echo "scale=2;3/8" | bc 进制转换 -``` +```shell #!/bin/bash abc=192 echo "obase=2;$abc" | bc @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ echo "obase=2;$abc" | bc 执行结果为：11000000，这是用bc将十进制转换成二进制。 -``` +```shell #!/bin/bash abc=11000000 echo "obase=10;ibase=2;$abc" | bc @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ echo "obase=10;ibase=2;$abc" | bc 计算平方和平方根： -``` +```shell echo "10^10" | bc echo "sqrt(100)" | bc ``` diff --git a/command/bg.md b/command/bg.md index a7aaa85d19c..bb9fee05a6a 100644 --- a/command/bg.md +++ b/command/bg.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ bg === - + 用于将作业放到后台运行 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ bg ### 语法 -``` +```shell bg(参数) ``` @@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ bg(参数) 使用bg命令将任务号为1的任务放到后台继续执行，输入如下命令： -``` -bg 1 #后台执行任务号为1的任务 +```shell +bg 1 # 后台执行任务号为1的任务 ``` 如果系统中只有一个挂起的任务时，即使不为该命令设置参数"1"，也可以实现这个功能。 注意：实际上，使用bg命令与在指令后面添加符号"&"的效果是一样的。例如，使用`&`将`find / -name password`放到后台执行，输入如下命令： -``` -find / -name password & #后台执行任务 +```shell +find / -name password & # 后台执行任务 ``` diff --git a/command/bind.md b/command/bind.md index fa48becd6f1..16aa0692101 100644 --- a/command/bind.md +++ b/command/bind.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ bind === - + 显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ bind ### 语法 -``` +```shell bind(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：显示按键配置的内容； -f<按键配置文件>：载入指定的按键配置文件； -l：列出所有的功能； @@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ bind(选项) ### 实例 -``` +```shell bind -x '"\C-l":ls -l' #直接按 CTRL+L 就列出目录 ``` 其中keyseq可以使用`showkey -a`命令来获取： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# showkey -a Press any keys - Ctrl-D will terminate this program diff --git a/command/blkid.md b/command/blkid.md index 9d93c779b22..d64c5c81f87 100644 --- a/command/blkid.md +++ b/command/blkid.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ blkid === - + 查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ blkid ### 语法 -``` +```shell blkid -L | -U blkid [-c ] [-ghlLv] [-o] [-s ][-t ] -[w ] [ ...] blkid -p [-s ] [-O ] [-S ][-o] ... @@ -18,77 +18,77 @@ blkid -i [-s ] [-o] ... ### 选项 -``` --c 指定cache文件(default: /etc/blkid.tab, /dev/null = none) --d don't encode non-printing characters --h 显示帮助信息 --g garbage collect the blkid cache --o 指定输出格式 --k list all known filesystems/RAIDs and exit --s 显示指定信息，默认显示所有信息 --t find device with a specific token (NAME=value pair) --l look up only first device with token specified by -t --L

将指定的目录用作系统根目录 - -x, --hex 打印十六进制掩码，而不是CPU列表 +```shell + -a, --all # 打印在线和离线CPU（默认为-e） + -b, --online # 仅打印在线CPU（-p的默认值） + -c, --offline # 打印离线CPU + -e, --extended[=] # 打印出一个扩展的可读格式 + -p, --parse[=] # 打印出可解析的格式 + -s, --sysroot # 将指定的目录用作系统根目录 + -x, --hex # 打印十六进制掩码，而不是CPU列表 - -h, --help 显示此帮助并退出 - -V, --version 输出版本信息并退出 + -h, --help # 显示此帮助并退出 + -V, --version # 输出版本信息并退出 ``` ### 参数 -```bash +```shell 可用列： CPU 逻辑CPU编号 CORE 逻辑核心号码 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ lscpu [选项] ### 例子 -```bash +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit diff --git a/command/lsmod.md b/command/lsmod.md index 19f98113ec7..417c1ff6829 100644 --- a/command/lsmod.md +++ b/command/lsmod.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lsmod === - + 显示已载入系统的模块 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lsmod ### 语法 -``` +```shell lsmod ``` ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@LinServ-1 ~]# lsmod Module Size Used by ipv6 272801 15 diff --git a/command/lsof.md b/command/lsof.md index f9c68642e49..67fb63b14c7 100644 --- a/command/lsof.md +++ b/command/lsof.md @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ lsof ### 语法 -``` +```shell lsof(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：列出打开文件存在的进程； -c<进程名>：列出指定进程所打开的文件； -g：列出GID号进程详情； @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ lsof(选项) ### 实例 -``` +```shell lsof command PID USER FD type DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 8,2 4096 2 / @@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ events/1 7 root cwd DIR 8,2 4096 2 / 列出指定进程号所打开的文件: -``` +```shell lsof -p $pid ``` 获取端口对应的进程ID=>pid -``` +```shell lsof -i:9981 -P -t -sTCP:LISTEN ``` diff --git a/command/lspci.md b/command/lspci.md index 491aa124ab2..15542de250a 100644 --- a/command/lspci.md +++ b/command/lspci.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lspci === - + 显示当前主机的所有PCI总线信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lspci ### 语法 -``` +```shell lspci(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -n：以数字方式显示PCI厂商和设备代码； -t：以树状结构显示PCI设备的层次关系，包括所有的总线、桥、设备以及它们之间的联接； -b：以总线为中心的视图； @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ lspci(选项) ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lspci 00:00.0 host bridge: Intel Corporation 5500 I/O Hub to ESI Port (rev 22) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 22) diff --git a/command/lsusb.md b/command/lsusb.md index 2b7519a48ca..5d8f4535fd8 100644 --- a/command/lsusb.md +++ b/command/lsusb.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lsusb === - + 显示本机的USB设备列表信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ lsusb命令是一个学习USB驱动开发，认识USB设备的助手，推荐大 ### 语法 -``` +```shell lsusb(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -v：显示USB设备的详细信息； -s<总线：设备号>仅显示指定的总线和（或）设备号的设备； -d<厂商：产品>：仅显示指定厂商和产品编号的设备； @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ lsusb(选项) 插入usb鼠标后执行lsusb的输出内容如下: -``` +```shell Bus 005 Device 001: id 0000:0000 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 表示系统给usb鼠标分配的设备号(devnum)，同时也可以看到该鼠标是插入到了第二个usb主控制器 -``` +```shell 006 usb_device.devnum /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb2/2-2/devnum ``` @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 表示usb设备的ID（这个ID由芯片制造商设置，可以唯一表示该设备） -``` +```shell 15d9 usb_device_descriptor.idVendor 0a37 usb_device_descriptor.idProduct /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb2/2-2/idVendor @@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000** 表示002号usb主控制器上接入了两个设备: -* 一个是usb根Hub -- 001  -* 一个是usb鼠标  -- 006 +* 一个是usb根Hub -- 001  +* 一个是usb鼠标  -- 006 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/ltrace.md b/command/ltrace.md index 10709468741..ab2f14e4892 100644 --- a/command/ltrace.md +++ b/command/ltrace.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ltrace === - + 用来跟踪进程调用库函数的情况 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ ltrace ### 语法 -``` +```shell ltrace [option ...] [command [arg ...]] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a 对齐具体某个列的返回值。 -c 计算时间和调用，并在程序退出时打印摘要。 -C 解码低级别名称（内核级）为用户级名称。 @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ltrace [option ...] [command [arg ...]] 最基本应用，不带任何参数： -``` +```shell [guest@localhost tmp]$ ltrace ./a.out __libc_start_main(0x80484aa, 1, 0xbfc07744, 0x8048550, 0x8048540 printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 10, 6, 4no1:10 no2:6 diff:4 ) = 24 @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 8, 8, 0no1:8 no2:8 diff:0 ) = 23 输出调用时间开销： -``` +```shell [guest@localhost tmp]$ ltrace -T ./a.out __libc_start_main(0x80484aa, 1, 0xbf81d394, 0x8048550, 0x8048540 printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 10, 6, 4no1:10 no2:6 diff:4 ) = 24 <0.000972> @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ printf("no1:%d \t no2:%d \t diff:%d\n", 8, 8, 0no1:8 no2:8 diff:0 ) = 23 <0.0001 显示系统调用： -``` +```shell [guest@localhost tmp]$ ltrace -S ./a.out SYS_brk(NULL) = 0x9e20000 SYS_access(0xa4710f, 4, 0xa4afc0, 0, 0xa4b644) = 0 diff --git a/command/lvcreate.md b/command/lvcreate.md index 1993c5e4431..2bb8185e09a 100644 --- a/command/lvcreate.md +++ b/command/lvcreate.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvcreate === - + 用于创建LVM的逻辑卷 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lvcreate ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvcreate(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -L：指定逻辑卷的大小，单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节； -l：指定逻辑卷的大小（LE数）。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ lvcreate(选项)(参数) 使用lvcreate命令在卷组"vg1000"上创建一个200MB的逻辑卷。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 200M vg1000 #创建大小为200M的逻辑卷 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell Logical volume "lvol0" created ``` diff --git a/command/lvdisplay.md b/command/lvdisplay.md index 73267b139e1..3322e19ff51 100644 --- a/command/lvdisplay.md +++ b/command/lvdisplay.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvdisplay === - + 显示逻辑卷属性 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ lvdisplay ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvdisplay(参数) ``` @@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ lvdisplay(参数) 使用lvdisplay命令显示指定逻辑卷的属性。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg1000/lvol0 #显示逻辑卷属性 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/vg1000/lvol0 ......省略部分输出内容...... diff --git a/command/lvextend.md b/command/lvextend.md index b74537e9c60..bd280b1410d 100644 --- a/command/lvextend.md +++ b/command/lvextend.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvextend === - + 扩展逻辑卷空间 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lvextend ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvextend(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -L：指定逻辑卷的大小，单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节； -l：指定逻辑卷的大小（LE数）。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ lvextend(选项)(参数) 使用lvextend命令为逻辑卷`/dev/vg1000/lvol0`增加100M空间。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +100M /dev/vg1000/lvol0 #为了解决增加100M空间 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell Extending logical volume lvol0 to 300.00 MB Logical volume lvol0 successfully resized ``` diff --git a/command/lvreduce.md b/command/lvreduce.md index c5396e47650..e44f6bdf73e 100644 --- a/command/lvreduce.md +++ b/command/lvreduce.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvreduce === - + 收缩逻辑卷空间 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lvreduce ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvreduce(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -L：指定逻辑卷的大小，单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节； -l：指定逻辑卷的大小（LE数）。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ lvreduce(选项)(参数) 使用lvreduce命令减少指定的逻辑卷的空间大小。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L -50M /dev/vg1000/lvol0 #将逻辑卷的空间大小减少50M ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell ......省略部分输出内容...... Do you really want to reduce lvol0? [y/n]: y #确认操作 Reducing logical volume lvol0 to 252.00 MB diff --git a/command/lvremove.md b/command/lvremove.md index 44664061554..6475f8de712 100644 --- a/command/lvremove.md +++ b/command/lvremove.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvremove === - + 删除指定LVM逻辑卷 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lvremove ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvremove(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -f：强制删除。 ``` @@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ lvremove(选项)(参数) 使用lvremove命令删除指定的逻辑卷。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg1000/lvol0 #删除逻辑卷"lvol0" ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell Do you really want to remove active logical volume "lvol0"? [y/n]: y #确认删除 Logical volume "lvol0" successfully removed diff --git a/command/lvresize.md b/command/lvresize.md index dc95c8017f5..9933f07cf4b 100644 --- a/command/lvresize.md +++ b/command/lvresize.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvresize === - + 调整逻辑卷空间大小 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lvresize ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvresize(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -L：指定逻辑卷的大小，单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节； -l：指定逻辑卷的大小（LE数）。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ lvresize(选项)(参数) 使用lvresize命令调整最大的逻辑卷大小。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvresize -L +200M /dev/vg1000/lvol0 #将逻辑卷空间增加200M ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell Extending logical volume lvol0 to 280.00 MB Logical volume lvol0 successfully resized ``` diff --git a/command/lvscan.md b/command/lvscan.md index 22edb447a7e..eb7f11d3545 100644 --- a/command/lvscan.md +++ b/command/lvscan.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lvscan === - + 扫描逻辑卷 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lvscan ### 语法 -``` +```shell lvscan(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b：显示逻辑卷的主设备和次设备号。 ``` @@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ lvscan(选项) 使用lvscan命令扫描系统中的所有逻辑卷。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# lvscan #扫描所有的逻辑卷 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell ACTIVE '/dev/vg1000/lvol0' [200.00 MB] inherit ``` diff --git a/command/lynx.md b/command/lynx.md index 535d8c23b70..d01e97109d7 100644 --- a/command/lynx.md +++ b/command/lynx.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ lynx === - + 纯文本模式的网页浏览器 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ lynx ### 语法 -``` +```shell lynx(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -case：在搜索字符串时，区分大小写； -ftp：关闭ftp功能； -nobrowse：关闭目录浏览功能； @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ URL：指定要访问的网站的URL地址。 **移动命令** -``` +```shell 下方向键：页面上的下一个链接(用高亮度显示)。 上方向键：页面上的前一个链接(用高亮度显示)。 回车和右方向键：跳转到链接指向的地址。 @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ URL：指定要访问的网站的URL地址。 **滚动命令** -``` +```shell +、Page-Down、Space、Ctrl+f：向下翻页。 -、Page-Up、b、Ctrl+b：向上翻页。 Ctrl+a：移动到当前页的最前面。 @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Ctrl+p：往回翻两行。 **文件操作命令** -``` +```shell c：建立一个新文件。 d：下载选中的文件。 E：编辑选中的文件。 @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ u：上载一个文件到当前目录。 **其他命令** -``` +```shell ?、h：帮助。 a：把当前链接加入到一个书签文件里。 c：向页面的拥有者发送意见或建议。 diff --git a/command/mail.md b/command/mail.md index 8323adcfa5d..f32dd56b1f7 100644 --- a/command/mail.md +++ b/command/mail.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mail === - + 命令行下发送和接收电子邮件 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mail ### 语法 -``` +```shell mail(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b<地址>：指定密件副本的收信人地址； -c<地址>：指定副本的收信人地址； -f<邮件文件>：读取指定邮件文件中的邮件； @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ mail(选项)(参数) **直接使用shell当编辑器** -``` +```shell mail -s "Hello from jsdig.com by shell" admin@jsdig.com hello,this is the content of mail. welcome to www.jsdig.com @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ welcome to www.jsdig.com **使用管道进行邮件发送** -``` +```shell echo "hello,this is the content of mail.welcome to www.jsdig.com" | mail -s "Hello from jsdig.com by pipe" admin@jsdig.com ``` @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ echo "hello,this is the content of mail.welcome to www.jsdig.com" | mail -s "Hel **使用文件进行邮件发送** -``` +```shell mail -s "Hello from jsdig.com by file" admin@jsdig.com < mail.txt ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ mail -s "Hello from jsdig.com by file" admin@jsdig.com < mail.txt 因为mail程序本身就是调用sendmail来进行邮件发送的，因此我们可以在mail命令中使用sendmail的参数进行配置，比如我想使用特定的发件人发送邮件，可以使用如下命令： -``` +```shell mail -s "Hello from jsdig.com with sender" admin@jsdig.com -- -f user@jsdig.com testfile.md5 ``` 检查： -``` +```shell md5sum testfile -c testfile.md5 ``` 如果文件没有变化，输出应该如下： -``` +```shell forsort: OK ``` @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ forsort: OK 如果文件发生了变化，输出应该如下： -``` +```shell forsort: FAILED md5sum: WARNING: 1 of 1 computed checksum did NOT match ``` @@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ md5sum: WARNING: 1 of 1 computed checksum did NOT match 检测的时候如果检测文件非法则输出信息的选项: -``` +```shell md5sum -w -c testfile.md5 ``` 输出之后，文件异常输出类似如下： -``` +```shell md5sum: testfile.md5: 1: improperly formatted MD5 checksum line md5sum: testfile.md5: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found ``` diff --git a/command/mesg.md b/command/mesg.md index f852a8f5a0f..01dd70c595f 100644 --- a/command/mesg.md +++ b/command/mesg.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mesg === - + 设置当前终端的写权限 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ mesg ### 语法 -``` +```shell mesg(参数) ``` @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ y/n：y表示运行向当前终端写信息，n表示禁止向当前终端写信 ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mesg y #允许系统用户将信息直接显示在你的屏幕上。 [root@localhost ~]# mesg n #不允许系统用户将信息直接显示在你的屏幕上。 ``` diff --git a/command/mii-tool.md b/command/mii-tool.md index 3956eb7c786..312c8de59be 100644 --- a/command/mii-tool.md +++ b/command/mii-tool.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mii-tool === - + 配置网络设备协商方式的工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mii-tool ### 语法 -``` +```shell usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -V 显示版本信息； -v 显示网络接口的信息； -R 重设MII到开启状态； @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD, 查看网络接口的协商状态： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -v eth0 eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok   product info: vendor 00:50:ef, model 60 rev 8 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok 如果我们想把网络接口eth0改为1000Mb/s全双工的模式应该怎么办呢？ -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -v eth0 eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok 注：是不是已经改过来了？当然，我们也一样用ethtool工具来更改，比如执行下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full ``` diff --git a/command/mkbootdisk.md b/command/mkbootdisk.md index f82862bc0ce..3d4676067cd 100644 --- a/command/mkbootdisk.md +++ b/command/mkbootdisk.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mkbootdisk === - + 可建立目前系统的启动盘 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mkbootdisk ### 语法 -``` +```shell mkbootdisk(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --device<设备>：指定设备； --mkinitrdargs<参数>：设置mkinitrd的参数； --noprompt：不会提示用户插入磁盘； @@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ mkbootdisk(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 `uname -r` ``` 其中，``uname -r``是目前Linux 系统所使用的核心版本，如果你有多个核心版本的话，你以可以直接输入核心版本。例如在这个网页中所使用的核心有两个版本，一个是2.2.12-20，另一个是2.2.18，若要以2.2.18设定开机的话，可以使用： -``` +```shell mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 2.2.18 ``` diff --git a/command/mkdir.md b/command/mkdir.md index 86f943d286c..40e76863f3b 100644 --- a/command/mkdir.md +++ b/command/mkdir.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mkdir === - + 用来创建目录 ## 补充说明 @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ mkdir ### 语法 -``` +```shell mkdir (选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -Z：设置安全上下文，当使用SELinux时有效； -m<目标属性>或--mode<目标属性>建立目录的同时设置目录的权限； -p或--parents 若所要建立目录的上层目录目前尚未建立，则会一并建立上层目录； @@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ mkdir (选项)(参数) 在目录`/usr/meng`下建立子目录test，并且只有文件主有读、写和执行权限，其他人无权访问 -``` +```shell mkdir -m 700 /usr/meng/test ``` 在当前目录中建立bin和bin下的os_1目录，权限设置为文件主可读、写、执行，同组用户可读和执行，其他用户无权访问 -``` +```shell mkdir -p-m 750 bin/os_1 ``` diff --git a/command/mke2fs.md b/command/mke2fs.md index 80ffa2bc429..7ba4f948c21 100644 --- a/command/mke2fs.md +++ b/command/mke2fs.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mke2fs === - + 创建磁盘分区上的“etc2/etc3”文件系统 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mke2fs ### 语法 -``` +```shell mke2fs(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b<区块大小>：指定区块大小，单位为字节； -c；检查是否有损坏的区块； -f<不连续区段大小>：指定不连续区段的大小，单位为字节； @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ mke2fs(选项)(参数) 创建指定的ext2文件系统。 -``` +```shell mke2fs -q /dev/hda1 ``` diff --git a/command/mkfs.md b/command/mkfs.md index baf6878d1d7..37ad75f4d56 100644 --- a/command/mkfs.md +++ b/command/mkfs.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mkfs === - + 用于在设备上创建Linux文件系统 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mkfs ### 语法 -``` +```shell mkfs(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell fs：指定建立文件系统时的参数； -t<文件系统类型>：指定要建立何种文件系统； -v：显示版本信息与详细的使用方法； @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fs：指定建立文件系统时的参数； 在`/dev/hda5`上建一个msdos的档案系统，同时检查是否有坏轨存在，并且将过程详细列出来： -``` +```shell mkfs -V -t msdos -c /dev/hda5 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda6 //将sda6分区格式化为ext3格式 diff --git a/command/mkinitrd.md b/command/mkinitrd.md index a66f7131ed9..9d40a9ec765 100644 --- a/command/mkinitrd.md +++ b/command/mkinitrd.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mkinitrd === - + 建立要载入ramdisk的映像文件 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ mkinitrd ### 语法 -``` +```shell mkinitrd(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -f：若指定的映像问家名称与现有文件重复，则覆盖现有的文件； -v：执行时显示详细的信息； --omit-scsi-modules：不要载入SCSI模块； @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ mkinitrd(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost tmp]# mkinitrd -v -f myinitrd.img $(uname -r) Creating initramfs WARNING: using /tmp for temporary files diff --git a/command/mkisofs.md b/command/mkisofs.md index 5c984d0025a..ad56bc8cfc9 100644 --- a/command/mkisofs.md +++ b/command/mkisofs.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mkisofs === - + 建立ISO 9660映像文件 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mkisofs ### 语法 -``` +```shell mkisofs(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a或--all：mkisofs通常不处理备份文件。使用此参数可以把备份文件加到映像文件中； -A<应用程序id>或-appid<应用程序ID>：指定光盘的应用程序ID； -abstract<摘要文件>：指定摘要文件的文件名； @@ -63,37 +63,37 @@ linux中用mkisofs命令把文件制作成ISO步骤： 把NFS服务器上的目录挂载到本地/mnt/nfs/的目录： -``` +```shell mount -t nfs 10.0.2.2:/linuxos/rhel4.0_update3/ /mnt/nfs/ ``` 把已挂载的文件复制到本地： -``` +```shell cp -a /mnt/NFS/* /root/Decp -a /mnt/nfs/* /root/Desktop/rhel4.0/&sktop/rhel4.0/& ``` 查找boot.cat文件并删除掉： -``` +```shell find rhel4.0/ -name boot.cat | xargs rm ``` 查找TRANS.TBL文件并删除掉： -``` +```shell find rhel4.0/ -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} \; ``` 复制本地的所需文件到指定目录： -``` +```shell cp /usr/share/comps/i386/.discinfo rhel4.0/ ``` 把指定目录下的所有文件制作成ISO文件： -``` +```shell mkisofs -R -J -T -v -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -V RHEL4ASDVD -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /RHEL4AS.iso rhel4.0/ ``` diff --git a/command/mknod.md b/command/mknod.md index b68d4a8a071..694c197cad4 100644 --- a/command/mknod.md +++ b/command/mknod.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mknod === - + 创建字符设备文件和块设备文件 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mknod ### 语法 -``` +```shell mknod(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -Z：设置安全的上下文； -m：设置权限模式； -help：显示帮助信息； @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ mknod(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell ls -la /dev/ttyUSB* crw-rw—- 1 root dialout 188, 0 2008-02-13 18:32 /dev/ttyUSB0 mknod /dev/ttyUSB32 c 188 32 diff --git a/command/mkswap.md b/command/mkswap.md index ef3526a8c7a..37852f68b9c 100644 --- a/command/mkswap.md +++ b/command/mkswap.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mkswap === - + 建立和设置SWAP交换分区 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mkswap ### 语法 -``` +```shell mkswap(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -c：建立交换区前，先检查是否有损坏的区块； -f：在SPARC电脑上建立交换区时，要加上此参数； -v0：建立旧式交换区，此为预设值； @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ mkswap(选项)(参数) **查看系统swap space大小：** -``` +```shell free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 377 180 197 0 19 110 @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Swap: 572 0 572 **查看当前的swap空间(file(s)/partition(s))：** -``` +```shell swapon -s 等价于 @@ -56,19 +56,19 @@ cat /proc/swaps 使用fdisk来创建交换分区（假设 /dev/sdb2 是创建的交换分区），使用 mkswap 命令来设置交换分区： -``` +```shell mkswap /dev/sdb2 ``` 启用交换分区： -``` +```shell swapon /dev/sdb2 ``` 写入`/etc/fstab`，以便在引导时启用： -``` +```shell /dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0 ``` @@ -76,25 +76,25 @@ swapon /dev/sdb2 创建大小为512M的交换文件： -``` +```shell dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=524288 ``` 使用mkswap命令来设置交换文件： -``` +```shell mkswap /swapfile1 ``` 启用交换分区： -``` +```shell swapon /swapfile1 ``` 写入`/etc/fstab`，以便在引导时启用： -``` +```shell /swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0 ``` @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ swapon /swapfile1 禁用交换分区： -``` +```shell swapoff /dev/sdb2 ``` diff --git a/command/mktemp.md b/command/mktemp.md index 039b9ebcf5c..b04f0a95831 100644 --- a/command/mktemp.md +++ b/command/mktemp.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mktemp === - + 创建临时文件供shell脚本使用 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mktemp ### 语法 -``` +```shell mktemp(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -q：执行时若发生错误，不会显示任何信息； -u：暂存文件会在mktemp结束前先行删除； -d：创建一个目录而非文件。 diff --git a/command/modprobe.md b/command/modprobe.md index 417e160396f..f9901f74c51 100644 --- a/command/modprobe.md +++ b/command/modprobe.md @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ modprobe可载入指定的个别模块，或是载入一组相依的模块。mod ### 语法 -``` +```shell modprobe(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a或--all：载入全部的模块； -c或--show-conf：显示所有模块的设置信息； -d或--debug：使用排错模式； @@ -37,31 +37,31 @@ modprobe(选项)(参数) **查看modules的配置文件：** -``` +```shell modprobe -c ``` 这里，可以查看modules的配置文件，比如模块的alias别名是什么等。会打印许多行信息，例如其中的一行会类似如下： -``` +```shell alias symbol:ip_conntrack_unregister_notifier ip_conntrack ``` **列出内核中所有已经或者未挂载的所有模块：** -``` +```shell modprobe -l ``` 这里，我们能查看到我们所需要的模块，然后根据我们的需要来挂载；其实`modprobe -l`读取的模块列表就位于/lib/modules/\`uname -r \`目录中；其中`uname -r`是内核的版本，例如输出结果的其中一行是： -``` +```shell /lib/modules/2.6.18-348.6.1.el5/kernel/net/netfilter/xt_statistic.ko ``` **挂载vfat模块：** -``` +```shell modprobe vfat ``` @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ modprobe vfat **移除已经加载的模块：** -``` +```shell modprobe -r 模块名 ``` diff --git a/command/more.md b/command/more.md index 85c1fcdc96e..2ab429d589b 100644 --- a/command/more.md +++ b/command/more.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ more === - + 显示文件内容，每次显示一屏 ## 补充说明 @@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ more ### 语法 -``` +```shell more(语法)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -<数字>：指定每屏显示的行数； -d：显示“[press space to continue,'q' to quit.]”和“[Press 'h' for instructions]”； -c：不进行滚屏操作。每次刷新这个屏幕； @@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ more(语法)(参数) 显示文件file的内容，但在显示之前先清屏，并且在屏幕的最下方显示完核的百分比。 -``` +```shell more -dc file ``` 显示文件file的内容，每10行显示一次，而且在显示之前先清屏。 -``` +```shell more -c -10 file ``` diff --git a/command/mount.md b/command/mount.md index 616557c8a4c..c5b8663bcd0 100644 --- a/command/mount.md +++ b/command/mount.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ mount ### 语法 -``` +```shell mount [-hV] mount -a [-fFnrsvw] [-t vfstype] mount [-fnrsvw] [-o options [,...]] device | dir @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ mount [-fnrsvw] [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir ### 选项 -``` +```shell -V：显示程序版本 -h：显示辅助讯息 -v：显示较讯息，通常和 -f 用来除错。 @@ -50,19 +50,19 @@ mount [-fnrsvw] [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir 将 `/dev/hda1` 挂在 `/mnt` 之下。 -``` +```shell #mount /dev/hda1 /mnt ``` 将 `/dev/hda1` 用唯读模式挂在 `/mnt` 之下。 -``` +```shell #mount -o ro /dev/hda1 /mnt ``` 将 `/tmp/image.iso` 这个光碟的 `image` 档使用 `loop` 模式挂在 `/mnt/cdrom` 之下。用这种方法可以将一般网络上可以找到的 `Linux` 光 碟 ISO 档在不烧录成光碟的情况下检视其内容。 -``` +```shell #mount -o loop /tmp/image.iso /mnt/cdrom ``` diff --git a/command/mpstat.md b/command/mpstat.md index 4790e6a25d1..a6f5ce9e8db 100644 --- a/command/mpstat.md +++ b/command/mpstat.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mpstat === - + 显示各个可用CPU的状态 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mpstat ### 语法 -``` +```shell mpstat(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -P：指定CPU编号。 ``` @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ mpstat(选项)(参数) 当mpstat不带参数时，输出为从系统启动以来的平均值。 -``` +```shell mpstat Linux 2.6.9-5.31AXsmp (builder.redflag-linux.com) 12/16/2005 09:38:46 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %irq %soft %idle intr/s @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Linux 2.6.9-5.31AXsmp (builder.redflag-linux.com) 12/16/2005 下面的命令可以每2秒产生了2个处理器的统计数据报告，一共产生三个interval 的信息，然后再给出这三个interval的平均信息。默认时，输出是按照CPU 号排序。第一个行给出了从系统引导以来的所有活跃数据。接下来每行对应一个处理器的活跃状态。。 -``` +```shell mpstat -P ALL 2 3 Linux 2.6.18-164.el5 (server.sys.com) 01/04/2010 09:34:20 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s @@ -52,27 +52,27 @@ Linux 2.6.18-164.el5 (server.sys.com) 01/04/2010 在后台开一个2G的文件 -``` +```shell cat 1.img & ``` 然后在另一个终端运行mpstat命令 -``` +```shell mpstat Linux 2.6.18-164.el5 (server.sys.com) 01/04/2010 10:17:31 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s 10:17:31 PM all 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.21 0.01 0.04 0.00 99.40 1004.57 ``` -``` +```shell mpstat Linux 2.6.18-164.el5 (server.sys.com) 01/04/2010 10:17:35 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s 10:17:35 PM all 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.21 0.01 0.04 0.00 99.39 1004.73 ``` -``` +```shell mpstat 3 10 Linux 2.6.18-164.el5 (server.sys.com) 01/04/2010 10:17:55 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s diff --git a/command/mtools.md b/command/mtools.md index 266bb952df6..e5cb64d3d15 100644 --- a/command/mtools.md +++ b/command/mtools.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mtools === - + 显示mtools支持的指令 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mtools ### 语法 -``` +```shell mtools(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：长文件名重复时自动更改目标文件的长文件名； -A：短文件名重复但长文件名不同时自动更改目标文件的短文件名； -o：长文件名重复时，将目标文件覆盖现有的文件； @@ -32,14 +32,13 @@ mtools(选项) 使用mtools命令显示其支持的所有的指令，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mtools #显示所有支持的指令名称 Supported commands: mattrib, mbadblocks, mcat, mcd, mclasserase, mcopy, mdel, mdeltree mdir, mdoctorfat, mdu, mformat, minfo, mlabel, mmd, mmount mpartition, mrd, mread, mmove, mren, mshowfat, mtoolstest, mtype mwrite, mzip - ``` 如上所示，其显示的所有命令均为mtools工具所支持的。 diff --git a/command/mv.md b/command/mv.md index 5fc24c8345b..3064d14192e 100644 --- a/command/mv.md +++ b/command/mv.md @@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ mv命令可以用来将源文件移至一个目标文件中，或将一组文件 ### 语法 -``` +```shell mv(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --backup=<备份模式>：若需覆盖文件，则覆盖前先行备份； -b：当文件存在时，覆盖前，为其创建一个备份； -f：若目标文件或目录与现有的文件或目录重复，则直接覆盖现有的文件或目录； @@ -42,74 +42,74 @@ mv(选项)(参数) 将目录`/usr/men`中的所有文件移到当前目录（用`.`表示）中： -``` +```shell mv /usr/men/* . ``` 移动文件 -``` +```shell mv file_1.txt /home/office/ ``` 移动多个文件 -``` +```shell mv file_2.txt file_3.txt file_4.txt /home/office/ mv *.txt /home/office/ ``` 移动目录 -``` +```shell mv directory_1/ /home/office/ ``` 重命名文件或目录 -```bash +```shellbash mv file_1.txt file_2.txt # 将文件file_1.txt改名为file_2.txt ``` 重命名目录 -``` +```shell mv directory_1/ directory_2/ ``` 打印移动信息 -```bash +```shellbash mv -v *.txt /home/office ``` 提示是否覆盖文件 -``` +```shell mv -i file_1.txt /home/office ``` 源文件比目标文件新时才执行更新 -``` +```shell mv -uv *.txt /home/office ``` 不要覆盖任何已存在的文件 -``` +```shell mv -vn *.txt /home/office ``` 复制时创建备份 -``` +```shell mv -bv *.txt /home/office ``` 无条件覆盖已经存在的文件 -``` +```shell mv -f *.txt /home/office ``` diff --git a/command/mysql.md b/command/mysql.md index 3054928d97c..b11d89e6aa7 100644 --- a/command/mysql.md +++ b/command/mysql.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mysql === - + MySQL服务器客户端工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ MySQL服务器客户端工具 ### 语法 -``` +```shell mysql(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -h：MySQL服务器的ip地址或主机名； -u：连接MySQL服务器的用户名； -e：执行mysql内部命令； diff --git a/command/mysqladmin.md b/command/mysqladmin.md index d882423b247..a76abd31b26 100644 --- a/command/mysqladmin.md +++ b/command/mysqladmin.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mysqladmin === - + MySQL服务器管理客户端 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ MySQL服务器管理客户端 ### 语法 -``` +```shell mysqladmin(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -h：MySQL服务器主机名或ip地址； -u：连接MySQL服务器的用户名； -p：连接MySQL服务器的密码； @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ mysqladmin(选项)(参数) **mysqladmin支持下列命令：** -``` +```shell create databasename：创建一个新数据库； drop databasename：删除一个数据库及其所有表； extended-status：给出服务器的一个扩展状态消息； diff --git a/command/mysqldump.md b/command/mysqldump.md index d87e31a2027..3a95e4e210c 100644 --- a/command/mysqldump.md +++ b/command/mysqldump.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mysqldump === - + MySQL数据库中备份工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ MySQL数据库中备份工具 ### 语法 -``` +```shell mysqldump(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --add-drop-table：在每个创建数据库表语句前添加删除数据库表的语句； --add-locks：备份数据库表时锁定数据库表； --all-databases：备份MySQL服务器上的所有数据库； @@ -38,21 +38,21 @@ mysqldump(选项) **导出整个数据库** -``` +```shell mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名 mysqldump -u linuxde -p smgp_apps_linuxde > linuxde.sql ``` **导出一个表** -``` +```shell mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 表名> 导出的文件名 mysqldump -u linuxde -p smgp_apps_linuxde users > linuxde_users.sql ``` **导出一个数据库结构** -``` +```shell mysqldump -u linuxde -p -d --add-drop-table smgp_apps_linuxde > linuxde_db.sql ``` diff --git a/command/mysqlimport.md b/command/mysqlimport.md index f6fb644c41a..f51ceff031d 100644 --- a/command/mysqlimport.md +++ b/command/mysqlimport.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mysqlimport === - + 为MySQL服务器用命令行方式导入数据 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mysqlimport ### 语法 -``` +```shell mysqlimport(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -D：导入数据前清空表； -f：出现错误时继续处理剩余的操作； -h：MySQL服务器的ip地址或主机名； diff --git a/command/mysqlshow.md b/command/mysqlshow.md index 85b5fb9f316..334fedf7336 100644 --- a/command/mysqlshow.md +++ b/command/mysqlshow.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ mysqlshow === - + 显示MySQL中数据库相关信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ mysqlshow ### 语法 -``` +```shell mysqlshow(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -h：MySQL服务器的ip地址或主机名； -u：连接MySQL服务器的用户名； -p：连接MySQL服务器的密码； diff --git a/command/named-checkzone.md b/command/named-checkzone.md index da7fbaed85d..d11e5734e0e 100644 --- a/command/named-checkzone.md +++ b/command/named-checkzone.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ named-checkzone ### 语法 -``` +```shell named-checkzone [选项] [区域名] [区域文件名] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -q 安静模式 -d 启用调试 -c <类别> 指定区域的类别。如果没指定就使用IN @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ named-checkzone [选项] [区域名] [区域文件名] 对区域文件/var/named/192.168.0.rev进行有效性检查和转换。 -```bash +```shell [root@localhost ~]# named-checkzone 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa /var/named/192.168.0.rev zone0.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1268360612 OK @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ OK 对区域文件/var/named/sh.com.hosts进行有效性检查和转换。 -```bash +```shell [root@localhost ~]# named-checkzone sh.com /var/named/sh.com.hosts zonesh.com/IN: sh.com/MX 'mail.sh.com' is a CNAME (illegal) zonesh.com/IN: loaded serial 1268360234 diff --git a/command/nano.md b/command/nano.md index b0237ff6a5b..3db4e87addd 100644 --- a/command/nano.md +++ b/command/nano.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nano === - + 字符终端文本编辑器 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ nano命令可以打开指定文件进行编辑，默认情况下它会自动断 ### 语法 -``` +```shellz nano [选项] [[+行,列] 文件名]... ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shellz -h, -? --help 显示此信息 +行,列 从所指列数与行数开始 -A --smarthome 启用智能 HOME 键 @@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ nano [选项] [[+行,列] 文件名]... **翻页** -* Ctrl+Y到上一页 -* Ctrl+V到下一页 +* `Ctrl+Y` 到上一页 +* `Ctrl+V` 到下一页 **保存** diff --git a/command/nc.md b/command/nc.md index a489abcf68c..172e08cd5e7 100644 --- a/command/nc.md +++ b/command/nc.md @@ -6,16 +6,17 @@ nc ## 补充说明 **nc命令** 全称**netcat**，用于设置路由器。它能通过 TCP 和 UDP 在网络中读写数据。通过与其他工具结合和重定向，你可以在脚本中以多种方式使用它。使用 netcat 命令所能完成的事情令人惊讶。 + ### 语法 -``` +```shell nc [-hlnruz][-g<网关...>][-G<指向器数目>][-i<延迟秒数>][-o<输出文件>][-p<通信端口>] [-s<来源位址>][-v...][-w<超时秒数>][主机名称][通信端口...] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -g<网关> 设置路由器跃程通信网关，最丢哦可设置8个。 -G<指向器数目> 设置来源路由指向器，其数值为4的倍数。 -h 在线帮助。 @@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ nc [-hlnruz][-g<网关...>][-G<指向器数目>][-i<延迟秒数>][-o<输出文 TCP端口扫描 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# nc -v -z -w2 192.168.0.3 1-100 192.168.0.3: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host (UNKNOWN) [192.168.0.3] 80 (http) open @@ -47,13 +48,13 @@ TCP端口扫描 扫描192.168.0.3 的端口 范围是 1-100 扫描UDP端口 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# nc -u -z -w2 192.168.0.1 1-1000 # 扫描192.168.0.3 的端口 范围是 1-1000 ``` 扫描指定端口 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# nc -nvv 192.168.0.1 80 # 扫描 80端口 (UNKNOWN) [192.168.0.1] 80 (?) open y //用户输入 @@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ y //用户输入 查看从服务器到目的地的出站端口 443 是否被防火墙阻止 -```bash +```shellbash nc -vz acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org 443 -w2 # Ncat: Version 7.50 ( https://nmap.org/ncat ) # Ncat: Connected to 23.77.214.183:443. diff --git a/command/ncftp.md b/command/ncftp.md index 95022d5a59a..767499ca4b0 100644 --- a/command/ncftp.md +++ b/command/ncftp.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ncftp === - + 是增强的的FTP工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ ncftp ### 语法 -``` +```shell ncftp(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -u：指定登录FTP服务器时使用的用户名； -p：指定登录FTP服务器时使用的密码； -P：如果FTP服务器没有使用默认的TCP协议的21端口，则使用此选项指定FTP服务器的端口号。 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ FTP服务器：指定远程FTP服务器的ip地址或主机名。 ### 安装 -``` +```shell wget ftp://ftp.ncftp.com/ncftp/ncftp-3.2.3-src.tar.gz tar zxvf ncftp-3.2.3-src.tar.gz cd ncftp-3.2.3/ @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ make && make install 将本地/etc/目录内的所有文件和目录，上传到FTP服务器的flv/games/目录内(如果不存在flv/games/目录则自动创建)。 -``` +```shell /usr/local/ncftp/bin/ncftpput -u koumm -p koumm -P 21 -m -R 192.168.162.137 flv/games/ /etc/* ``` diff --git a/command/nethogs.md b/command/nethogs.md index 9f451d725bf..3fe0d3cb9a8 100644 --- a/command/nethogs.md +++ b/command/nethogs.md @@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ nethogs ### 语法 -``` +```shell nethogs（选项）（参数） ``` ### 选项 -```bash +```shell usage: nethogs [-V] [-h] [-b] [-d seconds] [-v mode] [-c count] [-t] [-p] [-s] [device [device [device ...]]] -V : 打印版本。 -h : 打印此帮助。 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ usage: nethogs [-V] [-h] [-b] [-d seconds] [-v mode] [-c count] [-t] [-p] [-s] [ 其他参数和用法 -``` +```shell -d : 刷新间隔 -h : 帮助 -p : promiscious 模式 @@ -69,15 +69,15 @@ usage: nethogs [-V] [-h] [-b] [-d seconds] [-v mode] [-c count] [-t] [-p] [-s] [ 要安装NetHogs，你必须要启用你所用Linux下的EPEL源。然后运行下面的yum命令下载安装NetHogs包。 -``` -# yum install nethogs +```shell +yum install nethogs ``` **在Ubuntu、Linux mint和Debian下安装NetHogs** 键入apt-get命令安装NetHogs包： -``` +```shell $ sudo apt-get install nethogs ``` @@ -85,16 +85,14 @@ $ sudo apt-get install nethogs 在基于RedHat系统下键入如下命令启动NetHogs工具。 -``` -# nethogs - +```shell +nethogs ``` 在Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint下要执行NetHogs你必须拥有root权限： -``` +```shell $ sudo nethogs - ``` !nethogs @@ -107,36 +105,31 @@ Ubuntu 12.10 下的NetHogs预览 以下就是NetHogs命令行的参数，用-d来添加刷新频率参数，device name 用来检测给定的某个或者某些设备的带宽（默认是eth0）。例如：设置5秒钟的刷新频率，键入如下命令即可： -``` -# nethogs -d 5 - +```shell +nethogs -d 5 ``` -``` +```shell $ sudo nethogs -d 5 - ``` 如果只用来监视设备（eth0）的网络带宽可以使用如下命令： -``` -# nethogs eth0 - +```shell +nethogs eth0 ``` -``` +```shell $ sudo nethogs eth0 - ``` 如果要同时监视eth0和eth1接口，使用以下命令即可： +```shell +nethogs eth0 eth1 ``` -# nethogs eth0 eth1 -``` - -``` +```shell $ sudo nethogs eth0 eth1 ``` diff --git a/command/netstat.md b/command/netstat.md index 408c636a9e7..2f15035645a 100644 --- a/command/netstat.md +++ b/command/netstat.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ netstat ### 语法 -``` +```shell netstat(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a或--all：显示所有连线中的Socket； -A<网络类型>或--<网络类型>：列出该网络类型连线中的相关地址； -c或--continuous：持续列出网络状态； @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ netstat(选项) **列出所有端口 (包括监听和未监听的)** -``` +```shell netstat -a #列出所有端口 netstat -at #列出所有tcp端口 netstat -au #列出所有udp端口 @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ netstat -au #列出所有udp端口 **列出所有处于监听状态的 Sockets** -``` +```shell netstat -l #只显示监听端口 netstat -lt #只列出所有监听 tcp 端口 netstat -lu #只列出所有监听 udp 端口 @@ -63,16 +63,16 @@ netstat -lx #只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口 **显示每个协议的统计信息** -``` +```shell netstat -s 显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -st 显示TCP端口的统计信息 netstat -su 显示UDP端口的统计信息 -``` +```shell **在netstat输出中显示 PID 和进程名称** -``` +```shell netstat -pt ``` @@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ netstat -pt 当你不想让主机，端口和用户名显示，使用`netstat -n`。将会使用数字代替那些名称。同样可以加速输出，因为不用进行比对查询。 -``` +```shell netstat -an ``` 如果只是不想让这三个名称中的一个被显示，使用以下命令: -``` +```shell netsat -a --numeric-ports netsat -a --numeric-hosts netsat -a --numeric-users @@ -96,19 +96,19 @@ netsat -a --numeric-users **持续输出netstat信息** -``` +```shell netstat -c #每隔一秒输出网络信息 ``` **显示系统不支持的地址族(Address Families)** -``` +```shell netstat --verbose ``` 在输出的末尾，会有如下的信息： -``` +```shell netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system. **显示核心路由信息** -``` +```shell netstat -r ``` @@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ netstat -r 并不是所有的进程都能找到，没有权限的会不显示，使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。 -``` +```shell netstat -ap | grep ssh ``` 找出运行在指定端口的进程： -``` +```shell netstat -an | grep ':80' ``` @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ netstat -anp|grep 8081 | grep LISTEN|awk '{printf $7}'|cut -d/ -f1 **显示网络接口列表** -``` +```shell netstat -i ``` @@ -155,19 +155,19 @@ netstat -i 查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址： -``` +```shell netstat -ntu | grep :80 | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | awk '{++ip[$1]} END {for(i in ip) print ip[i],"\t",i}' | sort -nr ``` TCP各种状态列表： -``` +```shell netstat -nt | grep -e 127.0.0.1 -e 0.0.0.0 -e ::: -v | awk '/^tcp/ {++state[$NF]} END {for(i in state) print i,"\t",state[i]}' ``` 查看phpcgi进程数，如果接近预设值，说明不够用，需要增加： -``` +```shell netstat -anpo | grep "php-cgi" | wc -l ``` diff --git a/command/newusers.md b/command/newusers.md index ebf85565e4d..db3cb2a69c6 100644 --- a/command/newusers.md +++ b/command/newusers.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ newusers === - + 用于批处理的方式一次创建多个命令 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ newusers ### 语法 -``` +```shell newusers(参数) ``` @@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ newusers(参数) 用法很简单，newusers后面直接跟一个文件，文件格式和`/etc/passwd`的格式相同。 -``` +```shell 用户名1:x:UID:GID:用户说明:用户的家目录:所用SHELL ``` 举例： -``` +```shell jingang0:x:520:520::/home/jingang0:/sbin/nologin jingang1:x:521:521::/home/jingang1:/sbin/nologin ...... @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jingang1:x:521:521::/home/jingang1:/sbin/nologin 值得一提的是关于SHELL类型，查看主机上所有SHELL，可以通过chsh来查看： -``` +```shell [root@localhost beinan]# chsh --list /bin/sh /bin/bash diff --git a/command/nfsstat.md b/command/nfsstat.md index 81d194e5217..98646ea876c 100644 --- a/command/nfsstat.md +++ b/command/nfsstat.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nfsstat === - + 列出NFS客户端和服务器的工作状态 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nfsstat ### 语法 -``` +```shell nfsstat(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -s：仅列出NFS服务器端状态； -c：仅列出NFS客户端状态； -n：仅列出NFS状态，默认显示nfs客户端和服务器的状态； @@ -30,25 +30,25 @@ nfsstat(选项) 要显示关于客户机发送和拒绝的RPC和NFS调用数目的信息，输入： -``` +```shell nfsstat -c ``` 要显示和打印与客户机NFS调用相关的信息，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell nfsstat -cn ``` 要显示和打印客户机和服务器的与RPC调用相关的信息，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell nfsstat -r ``` 要显示关于服务器接收和拒绝的RPC和NFS调用数目的信息，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell nfsstat –s ``` diff --git a/command/ngrep.md b/command/ngrep.md index 493ed530c21..bbdf88f6095 100644 --- a/command/ngrep.md +++ b/command/ngrep.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ngrep === - + 方便的数据包匹配和显示工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ngrep命令的下载地址：http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/，libpcap下载地址 如果yum无法安装就用以下步骤安装libpcap： -``` +```shell wget http://www.tcpdump.org/release/libpcap-1.3.0.tar.gz tar -zxf libpcap-1.3.0.tar.gz cd libpcap-1.3.0 @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ngrep的安装就是 configure/make/make install 三部曲。 注：configure时是遇到 please wipe out all unused pcap installations，添加以下选项： -``` +```shell ./configure --with-pcap-includes=/usr/local/include/pcap ``` @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ngrep的安装就是 configure/make/make install 三部曲。 ### 语法 -``` +```shell ngrep <-LhNXViwqpevxlDtTRM> <-IO pcap_dump> <-n num> <-d dev> <-A num> <-s snaplen> <-S limitlen> <-w normal|byline|single|none> <-c cols> <-P char> <-F file> @@ -41,58 +41,58 @@ ngrep <-LhNXViwqpevxlDtTRM> <-IO pcap_dump> <-n num> <-d dev> <-A num> ### 选项 -``` --e ：显示空数据包 --i ：忽略大小写 --v ：反转匹配 --R ：don't do privilege revocation logic --x ：以16进制格式显示 --X ：以16进制格式匹配 --w ：整字匹配 --p ：不使用混杂模式 --l ：make stdout line buffered --D ：replay pcap_dumps with their recorded time intervals --t ：在每个匹配的包之前显示时间戳 --T ：显示上一个匹配的数据包之间的时间间隔 --M ：仅进行单行匹配 --I ：从文件中读取数据进行匹配 --O ：将匹配的数据保存到文件 --n ：仅捕获指定数目的数据包进行查看 --A ：匹配到数据包后dump随后的指定数目的数据包 --s ：set the bpf caplen --S ：set the limitlen on matched packets --W ：设置显示格式byline将解析包中的换行符 --c ：强制显示列的宽度 --P ：set the non-printable display char to what is specified --F ：使用文件中定义的bpf(Berkeley Packet Filter) --N ：显示由IANA定义的子协议号 --d ：使用哪个网卡，可以用-L选项查询 --L ：查询网卡接口 +```shell +-e # 显示空数据包 +-i # 忽略大小写 +-v # 反转匹配 +-R # don't do privilege revocation logic +-x # 以16进制格式显示 +-X # 以16进制格式匹配 +-w # 整字匹配 +-p # 不使用混杂模式 +-l # make stdout line buffered +-D # replay pcap_dumps with their recorded time intervals +-t # 在每个匹配的包之前显示时间戳 +-T # 显示上一个匹配的数据包之间的时间间隔 +-M # 仅进行单行匹配 +-I # 从文件中读取数据进行匹配 +-O # 将匹配的数据保存到文件 +-n # 仅捕获指定数目的数据包进行查看 +-A # 匹配到数据包后dump随后的指定数目的数据包 +-s # set the bpf caplen +-S # set the limitlen on matched packets +-W # 设置显示格式byline将解析包中的换行符 +-c # 强制显示列的宽度 +-P # set the non-printable display char to what is specified +-F # 使用文件中定义的bpf(Berkeley Packet Filter) +-N # 显示由IANA定义的子协议号 +-d # 使用哪个网卡，可以用-L选项查询 +-L # 查询网卡接口 ``` ### 实例 捕捉cloudian：18080端口的request和response，`-W byline`用来解析包中的换行符，否则包里的所有数据都是连续的，可读性差。`-d lo`是监听本地网卡： -``` +```shell ngrep -W byline -d lo port 18080 ``` 捕捉amazon：80端口的request和response。`-d eth0是`用来监听对外的网卡： -``` +```shell ngrep -W byline -d eth0 port 80 ``` 可以用`-d any`来捕捉所有的包： -``` +```shell ngrep '[a-zA-Z]' -t -W byline -d any tcp port 18080 ``` 捕获字符串`.flv`，比如要查看在Web Flash 视频中的.flv文件的下载地址： -``` +```shell ngrep -d3 -N -q \.flv interface: \Device\TNT_40_1_{670F6B50-0A13-4BAB-9D9E-994A833F5BA9} (10.132.0.0/2 55.255.192.0) @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ match: \.flv 打开一个视频页面： -``` +```shell T(6) 10.132.34.23:24860 -> 61.142.208.154:80 [AP] GET /f59.c31.56.com/flvdownload/12/19/ggyg7741@56.com_56flv_zhajm_119556973 97.flv HTTP/1.1..accept: */*..Referer: http://www.56.com/flashApp/v_player_ @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ OK。地址已经找到了,就是http://f59.c31.56.com/flvdownload/12/19/ggyg774 加个`-W byline`参数后,将解析包中的换行符： -``` +```shell T(6) 2007/11/25 15:56:12.192619 10.132.34.23:26365 -> 59.151.21.101:80 [AP] GET /aa.flv HTTP/1.1. Accept: */*. diff --git a/command/nice.md b/command/nice.md index b8d715edd71..96a452ae71f 100644 --- a/command/nice.md +++ b/command/nice.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nice === - + 改变程序执行的优先权等级 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nice ### 语法 -``` +```shell nice(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -n：指定进程的优先级（整数）。 ``` @@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ nice(选项)(参数) 新建一个进程并设置优先级，将当前目录下的documents目录打包，但不希望tar占用太多CPU： -``` +```shell nice -19 tar zcf pack.tar.gz documents ``` 方法非常简单，即在原命令前加上`nice -19`。很多人可能有疑问了，最低优先级不是19么？那是因为这个“-19”中的“-”仅表示参数前缀；所以，如果希望将当前目录下的documents目录打包，并且赋予tar进程最高的优先级： -``` +```shell nice --19 tar zcf pack.tar.gz documents ``` diff --git a/command/nisdomainname.md b/command/nisdomainname.md index 538bac42801..a02bed3390d 100644 --- a/command/nisdomainname.md +++ b/command/nisdomainname.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nisdomainname === - + 显示主机NIS的域名 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nisdomainname ### 语法 -``` +```shell nisdomainname(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -v：详细信息模式。 ``` diff --git a/command/nl.md b/command/nl.md index 4f7d82735f6..327b402afa3 100644 --- a/command/nl.md +++ b/command/nl.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nl === - + 在Linux系统中计算文件内容行号 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nl ### 语法 -``` +```shell nl (选项) (参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b ：指定行号指定的方式，主要有两种： -b a ：表示不论是否为空行，也同样列出行号(类似 cat -n)； -b t ：如果有空行，空的那一行不要列出行号(默认值)； @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ nl (选项) (参数) **用 nl 列出 log2015.log 的内容** ： -``` +```shell root@localhost [test]# nl log2015.log 1 2015-01 2 2015-02 @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ root@localhost [test]# nl log2015.log **用 nl 列出 log2015.log 的内容，空本行也加上行号** ： -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# nl -b a log2015.log 1 2015-01 2 2015-02 @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ root@localhost [test]# nl log2015.log **让行号前面自动补上0，统一输出格式：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# nl -b a -n rz log2015.log 000001 2015-01 000002 2015-02 diff --git a/command/nm.md b/command/nm.md index 519138a9a2c..54284e43ae2 100644 --- a/command/nm.md +++ b/command/nm.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nm === - + 显示二进制目标文件的符号表 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nm ### 语法 -``` +```shell nm(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -A：每个符号前显示文件名； -D：显示动态符号； -g：仅显示外部符号； diff --git a/command/nmap.md b/command/nmap.md index c5a0790f524..3a6d193e218 100644 --- a/command/nmap.md +++ b/command/nmap.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nmap ### 语法 -``` +```shell nmap(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -O：激活操作探测； -P0：值进行扫描，不ping主机； -PT：是同TCP的ping； @@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ ip地址：指定待扫描报文中的TCP地址。 **安装nmap** -``` +```shell yum install nmap ``` **使用nmap扫描www.jsdig.com的开放端口** -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# nmap www.jsdig.com Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-12-28 00:06 CST diff --git a/command/nmcli.md b/command/nmcli.md index 5307c25a7c3..9515ac53ce3 100644 --- a/command/nmcli.md +++ b/command/nmcli.md @@ -9,24 +9,24 @@ nmcli ### 语法 -```bash +```shell nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help } ``` ### 选项 -```bash +```shell OPTIONS - -t[erse] terse output 简洁的输出 - -p[retty] pretty output 漂亮的输出 - -m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode 输出模式 - -f[ields] |all|common specify fields to output 指定要输出的字段 - -e[scape] yes|no escape columns separators in values 在值中转义列分隔符 - -n[ocheck] 不要检查nmcli和NetworkManager版本 - -a[sk] 要求缺少参数 - -w[ait] 设置超时等待整理操作 - -v[ersion] 显示程序版本 - -h[elp] 打印此帮助 + -t[erse] # terse output 简洁的输出 + -p[retty] # pretty output 漂亮的输出 + -m[ode] tabular|multiline # output mode 输出模式 + -f[ields] |all|common # specify fields to output 指定要输出的字段 + -e[scape] yes|no # escape columns separators in values 在值中转义列分隔符 + -n[ocheck] # 不要检查nmcli和NetworkManager版本 + -a[sk] # 要求缺少参数 + -w[ait] # 设置超时等待整理操作 + -v[ersion] # 显示程序版本 + -h[elp] # 打印此帮助 OBJECT g[eneral] NetworkManager的一般状态和操作 @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OBJECT ### 实例 -```bash +```shell nmcli connection show # 查看当前连接状态 nmcli connection reload # 重启服务 nmcli connection show -active # 显示活动的连接 diff --git a/command/nohup.md b/command/nohup.md index e6c365b4101..e82bcebe3bb 100644 --- a/command/nohup.md +++ b/command/nohup.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ nohup(选项)(参数) ### 选项 -``` +```shell --help：在线帮助； --version：显示版本信息。 ``` @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ nohup(选项)(参数) 使用nohup命令提交作业，如果使用nohup命令提交作业，那么在缺省情况下该作业的所有输出都被重定向到一个名为nohup.out的文件中，除非另外指定了输出文件： -``` +```shell nohup command > myout.file 2>&1 & ``` @@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ nohup command > myout.file 2>&1 & 该指令表示不做挂断操作，后台下载 -```bash +```shell nohup wget site.com/file.zip ``` 下面命令，会在同一个目录下生成一个名称为 `nohup.out` 的文件，其中包含了正在运行的程序的输出内容 -```bash +```shell nohup ping -c 10 baidu.com ``` diff --git a/command/nologin.md b/command/nologin.md index bbabbaca7ff..47878637f90 100644 --- a/command/nologin.md +++ b/command/nologin.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nologin === - + 拒绝用户登录系统 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ nologin ### 语法 -``` +```shell nologin ``` @@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ Linux禁止用户登录： 1、禁止个别用户登录，比如禁止lynn用户登录。 -``` +```shell passwd -l lynn ``` 这就话的意思是锁定lynn用户，这样该用户就不能登录了。   -``` +```shell passwd -u lynn ``` @@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ passwd -u lynn 2、我们通过修改`/etc/passwd`文件中用户登录的shell -``` +```shell vi /etc/passwd ``` 更改为： -``` +```shell lynn:x:500:500::/home/lynn:/sbin/nologin ``` @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ lynn:x:500:500::/home/lynn:/sbin/nologin 3、禁止所有用户登录。 -``` +```shell touch /etc/nologin ``` diff --git a/command/nslookup.md b/command/nslookup.md index 7e5e9114ca3..d2f4dddb033 100644 --- a/command/nslookup.md +++ b/command/nslookup.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ nslookup === - + 查询域名DNS信息的工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ nslookup4有两种工作模式，即“交互模式”和“非交互模式” ### 语法 -``` +```shell nslookup(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -sil：不显示任何警告信息。 ``` @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ nslookup(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# nslookup www.jsdig.com Server: 202.96.104.15 Address: 202.96.104.15#53 diff --git a/command/ntpdate.md b/command/ntpdate.md index aeffc69e0ed..bbcdcf87d3f 100644 --- a/command/ntpdate.md +++ b/command/ntpdate.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ntpdate === - + 使用网络计时协议（NTP）设置日期和时间 ## 补充说明 @@ -20,98 +20,55 @@ ntpdate ### 语法 -``` +```shell ntpdate [ -b] [ -d] [ -s] [ -u] [ -aKeyid] [ -eAuthenticationDelay] [ -kKeyFile] [ -oVersion] [ -pSamples] [ -tTimeOut] Server... ``` ### 选项 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-aKeyid使用 Keyid 来认证全部数据包。
-b通过调用 settimeofday 子例程来增加时钟的时间。
-d指定调试方式。判断 ntpdate 命令会产生什么结果（不产生实际的结果）。结果再现在屏幕上。这个标志使用无特权的端口。
-eAuthenticationDelay指定延迟认证处理的时间秒数。
-kKeyFile当不使用缺省值 /etc/ntp.keys 文件时，为包含密钥的文件指定一个不同的名称。 请参阅文件KeyFile的描述。
-oVersion当轮询它的发出数据包时，指定使用的 NTP 版本实现。 Version 的值可以是 1，2，3。缺省值是 3。
-pSamples指定从每个服务器获取的样本的数目。 Samples 的值在 1 和 8 之间，并包括 1 和 8。它的缺省值是 4。
-s指定日志操作 syslog 设施的使用，而不是使用标准输出。 当运行 ntpdate 命令和 cron命令时，它是很有用的。
-tTimeOut指定等待响应的时间。给定 TimeOut 的值四舍五入为 0.2 秒的倍数。缺省值是 1 秒。
-u指定使用无特权的端口发送数据包。 当在一个对特权端口的输入流量进行阻拦的防火墙后是很有益的， 并希望在防火墙之外和主机同步。防火墙是一个系统或者计算机，它控制从外网对专用网的访问。
diff --git a/command/ntsysv.md b/command/ntsysv.md index aef457e025d..33c12fda198 100644 --- a/command/ntsysv.md +++ b/command/ntsysv.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ ntsysv ### 语法 -``` +```shell ntsysv(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --leve：指定运行等级； --back：在互动式界面里，显示Back钮，而非cancel钮。 ``` @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ntsysv(选项) 输入ntsysv命令后，出现一个交互式的管理菜单，如下： -``` +```shell !ntsysv ``` diff --git a/command/objdump.md b/command/objdump.md index 3fd1fd94430..fa737965d7f 100644 --- a/command/objdump.md +++ b/command/objdump.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ objdump === - + 显示二进制文件信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,45 +9,38 @@ objdump ### 选项 -``` ---archive-headers --a -显示档案库的成员信息,类似ls -l将lib*.a的信息列出。 +```shell +-a --archive-headers +# 显示档案库的成员信息,类似ls -l将lib*.a的信息列出。 --b bfdname ---target=bfdname -指定目标码格式。这不是必须的，objdump能自动识别许多格式，比如： +-b bfdname --target=bfdname +# 指定目标码格式。这不是必须的，objdump能自动识别许多格式，比如： objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o -显示fu.o的头部摘要信息，明确指出该文件是Vax系统下用Oasys编译器生成的目标文件。objdump -i将给出这里可以指定的目标码格式列表。 - --C ---demangle -将底层的符号名解码成用户级名字，除了去掉所开头的下划线之外，还使得C++函数名以可理解的方式显示出来。 +# 显示fu.o的头部摘要信息，明确指出该文件是Vax系统下用Oasys编译器生成的目标文件。objdump -i将给出这里可以指定的目标码格式列表。 +-C --demangle +# 将底层的符号名解码成用户级名字，除了去掉所开头的下划线之外，还使得C++函数名以可理解的方式显示出来。 --debugging -g -显示调试信息。企图解析保存在文件中的调试信息并以C语言的语法显示出来。仅仅支持某些类型的调试信息。有些其他的格式被readelf -w支持。 - --e ---debugging-tags -类似-g选项，但是生成的信息是和ctags工具相兼容的格式。 +# 显示调试信息。企图解析保存在文件中的调试信息并以C语言的语法显示出来。仅仅支持某些类型的调试信息。有些其他的格式被readelf -w支持。 +-e --debugging-tags +# 类似-g选项，但是生成的信息是和ctags工具相兼容的格式。 --disassemble -d -从objfile中反汇编那些特定指令机器码的section。 +# 从objfile中反汇编那些特定指令机器码的section。 --D ---disassemble-all -与 -d 类似，但反汇编所有section. +-D --disassemble-all +# 与 -d 类似，但反汇编所有section. --prefix-addresses -反汇编的时候，显示每一行的完整地址。这是一种比较老的反汇编格式。 +# 反汇编的时候，显示每一行的完整地址。这是一种比较老的反汇编格式。 -EB -EL --endian={big|little} -指定目标文件的小端。这个项将影响反汇编出来的指令。在反汇编的文件没描述小端信息的时候用。例如S-records. +# 指定目标文件的小端。这个项将影响反汇编出来的指令。在反汇编的文件没描述小端信息的时候用。例如S-records. -f --file-headers @@ -133,11 +126,11 @@ objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o 首先，在给出后面大部分测试所基于的源代码以及编译指令。 源代码如下：  -``` +```shell root@localhost [test]# nl mytest.cpp ``` -``` +```shell void printTest() { char a; a = 'a'; @@ -151,7 +144,7 @@ a+=2; 对以上源代码进行编译，如下：  -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# g++ -c -g mytest.cpp ``` @@ -159,7 +152,7 @@ a+=2; **查看当前使用的objdump的版本号： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -V GNU objdump 2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 20061020 Copyright 2005 free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -169,7 +162,7 @@ the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty. **查看档案库文件中的信息： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -a libmy2.a In archive libmy2.a: myfile.o: file format elf32-i386 @@ -180,7 +173,7 @@ rw-r--r-- 0/0 727 Jul 13 15:32 2011 mytest.o **这里，libmy2.a是一个使用ar命令将多个*.o目标文件打包而生成的静态库。命令的输出类似`ar -tv`，相比较`ar -tv`输出如下： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# ar -tv libmy2.a rwxrwxrwx 0/0 2724 Nov 16 16:06 2009 myfile.o rw-r--r-- 0/0 727 Jul 13 15:32 2011 mytest.o @@ -188,7 +181,7 @@ rw-r--r-- 0/0 727 Jul 13 15:32 2011 mytest.o 显示可用的架构和目标结构列表：  -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -i BFD header file version 2.17.50.0.6-14.el5 20061020 elf32-i386 @@ -247,7 +240,7 @@ trad-core **显示mytest.o文件中的text段的内容： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump --section=.text -s mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 Contents of section .text: @@ -259,7 +252,7 @@ Contents of section .text: **反汇编mytest.o中的text段内容，并尽可能用源代码形式表示： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -j .text -S mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 Disassembly of section .text: @@ -295,7 +288,7 @@ void printTest2() **反汇编出mytest.o的源代码: ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -S mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 @@ -333,7 +326,7 @@ void printTest2() **显示文件的符号表入口: ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -t mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 @@ -358,7 +351,7 @@ SYMBOL TABLE: 这里，输出的信息类似`nm -s`命令的输出，相比较之下，nm命令的输出如下：  -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# nm -s mytest.o 0000000c T _Z10printTest2v 00000000 T _Z9printTestv @@ -367,7 +360,7 @@ SYMBOL TABLE: **显示文件的符号表入口，将底层符号解码并表示成用户级别: ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -t -C mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 SYMBOL TABLE: @@ -393,7 +386,7 @@ SYMBOL TABLE: **反汇编目标文件的特定机器码段： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -d mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 Disassembly of section .text: @@ -420,7 +413,7 @@ Disassembly of section .text: **反汇编特定段，并将汇编代码对应的文件名称和行号对应上： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -d -l mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 Disassembly of section .text: @@ -456,7 +449,7 @@ _Z10printTest2v(): **显示目标文件各个段的头部摘要信息： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]# objdump -h mytest.o mytest.o: file format elf32-i386 diff --git a/command/od.md b/command/od.md index 0e403cd3516..e88d51fc581 100644 --- a/command/od.md +++ b/command/od.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ od === - + 输出文件的八进制、十六进制等格式编码的字节 ## 补充说明 @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ od ### 语法 -``` +```shell od(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：此参数的效果和同时指定“-ta”参数相同； -A：<字码基数>：选择以何种基数计算字码； -b：此参数的效果和同时指定“-toC”参数相同； @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ od(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ echo abcdef g > tmp [linuxde@localhost ~]$ cat tmp abcdef g @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：先准备一个tmp文件 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -b tmp 0000000 141 142 143 144 145 146 040 147 012 0000011 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：使用单字节八进制解释进行输出，注意左侧的默认地址格式为八字节 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -c tmp 0000000 a b c d e f g \n 0000011 @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：使用ASCII码进行输出，注意其中包括转义字符 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -t d1 tmp 0000000 97 98 99 100 101 102 32 103 10 0000011 @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：使用单字节十进制进行解释 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -A d -c tmp 0000000 a b c d e f g \n 0000009 @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：设置地址格式为十进制。 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -A x -c tmp 000000 a b c d e f g \n 000009 @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：设置地址格式为十六进制 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -j 2 -c tmp 0000002 c d e f g \n 0000011 @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：跳过开始的两个字节 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -N 2 -j 2 -c tmp 0000002 c d 0000004 @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：跳过开始的两个字节，并且仅输出两个字节 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -w1 -c tmp 0000000 a 0000001 b @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：每行仅输出1个字节 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -w2 -c tmp 0000000 a b 0000002 c d @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ abcdef g 说明：每行输出两个字节 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ od -w3 -b tmp 0000000 141 142 143 0000003 144 145 146 diff --git a/command/openssl.md b/command/openssl.md index e8c8de25000..a80778947e9 100644 --- a/command/openssl.md +++ b/command/openssl.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ OpenSSL实现了5种信息摘要算法，分别是MD2、MD5、MDC2、SHA（SHA1 几乎所有 Linux 发行版都包含 openssl。我们可以利用它的随机功能来生成可以用作密码的随机字母字符串。 -```bash +```shell openssl rand -base64 10 # nU9LlHO5nsuUvw== ``` @@ -52,37 +52,37 @@ nU9LlHO5nsuUvw== 用SHA1算法计算文件file.txt的哈西值，输出到stdout： -``` +```shell # openssl dgst -sha1 file.txt ``` 用SHA1算法计算文件file.txt的哈西值，输出到文件digest.txt： -``` +```shell # openssl sha1 -out digest.txt file.txt ``` 用DSS1(SHA1)算法为文件file.txt签名，输出到文件dsasign.bin。签名的private key必须为DSA算法产生的，保存在文件dsakey.pem中。 -``` +```shell # openssl dgst -dss1 -sign dsakey.pem -out dsasign.bin file.txt ``` 用dss1算法验证file.txt的数字签名dsasign.bin，验证的private key为DSA算法产生的文件dsakey.pem。 -``` +```shell # openssl dgst -dss1 -prverify dsakey.pem -signature dsasign.bin file.txt ``` 用sha1算法为文件file.txt签名,输出到文件rsasign.bin，签名的private key为RSA算法产生的文件rsaprivate.pem。 -``` +```shell # openssl sha1 -sign rsaprivate.pem -out rsasign.bin file.txt ``` 用sha1算法验证file.txt的数字签名rsasign.bin，验证的public key为RSA算法生成的rsapublic.pem。 -``` +```shell # openssl sha1 -verify rsapublic.pem -signature rsasign.bin file.txt ``` @@ -90,31 +90,31 @@ nU9LlHO5nsuUvw== 对称加密应用例子，用DES3算法的CBC模式加密文件plaintext.doc，加密结果输出到文件ciphertext.bin。 -``` +```shell # openssl enc -des3 -salt -in plaintext.doc -out ciphertext.bin ``` 用DES3算法的OFB模式解密文件ciphertext.bin，提供的口令为trousers，输出到文件plaintext.doc。注意：因为模式不同，该命令不能对以上的文件进行解密。 -``` +```shell # openssl enc -des-ede3-ofb -d -in ciphertext.bin -out plaintext.doc -pass pass:trousers ``` 用Blowfish的CFB模式加密plaintext.doc，口令从环境变量PASSWORD中取，输出到文件ciphertext.bin。 -``` +```shell # openssl bf-cfb -salt -in plaintext.doc -out ciphertext.bin -pass env:PASSWORD ``` 给文件ciphertext.bin用base64编码，输出到文件base64.txt。 -``` +```shell # openssl base64 -in ciphertext.bin -out base64.txt ``` 用RC5算法的CBC模式加密文件plaintext.doc，输出到文件ciphertext.bin，salt、key和初始化向量(iv)在命令行指定。 -``` +```shell # openssl rc5 -in plaintext.doc -out ciphertext.bin -S C62CB1D49F158ADC -iv E9EDACA1BD7090C6 -K 89D4B1678D604FAA3DBFFD030A314B29 ``` @@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ nU9LlHO5nsuUvw== 使用生成因子2和随机的1024-bit的素数产生D0ffie-Hellman参数，输出保存到文件dhparam.pem -``` +```shell # openssl dhparam -out dhparam.pem -2 1024 ``` 从dhparam.pem中读取Diffie-Hell参数，以C代码的形式，输出到stdout。 -``` +```shell # openssl dhparam -in dhparam.pem -noout -C ``` @@ -136,25 +136,25 @@ nU9LlHO5nsuUvw== 生成1024位DSA参数集，并输出到文件dsaparam.pem。 -``` +```shell # openssl dsaparam -out dsaparam.pem 1024 ``` 使用参数文件dsaparam.pem生成DSA私钥匙，采用3DES加密后输出到文件dsaprivatekey.pem -``` +```shell # openssl gendsa -out dsaprivatekey.pem -des3 dsaparam.pem ``` 使用私钥匙dsaprivatekey.pem生成公钥匙，输出到dsapublickey.pem -``` +```shell # openssl dsa -in dsaprivatekey.pem -pubout -out dsapublickey.pem ``` 从dsaprivatekey.pem中读取私钥匙，解密并输入新口令进行加密，然后写回文件dsaprivatekey.pem -``` +```shell # openssl dsa -in dsaprivatekey.pem -out dsaprivatekey.pem -des3 -passin ``` @@ -162,67 +162,67 @@ nU9LlHO5nsuUvw== 产生1024位RSA私匙，用3DES加密它，口令为trousers，输出到文件rsaprivatekey.pem -``` +```shell # openssl genrsa -out rsaprivatekey.pem -passout pass:trousers -des3 1024 ``` 从文件rsaprivatekey.pem读取私匙，用口令trousers解密，生成的公钥匙输出到文件rsapublickey.pem -``` +```shell # openssl rsa -in rsaprivatekey.pem -passin pass:trousers -pubout -out rsapubckey.pem ``` 用公钥匙rsapublickey.pem加密文件plain.txt，输出到文件cipher.txt -``` +```shell # openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey rsapublickey.pem -in plain.txt -out cipher.txt ``` 使用私钥匙rsaprivatekey.pem解密密文cipher.txt，输出到文件plain.txt -``` +```shell # openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey rsaprivatekey.pem -in cipher.txt -out plain.txt ``` 用私钥匙rsaprivatekey.pem给文件plain.txt签名，输出到文件signature.bin -``` +```shell # openssl rsautl -sign -inkey rsaprivatekey.pem -in plain.txt -out signature.bin ``` 用公钥匙rsapublickey.pem验证签名signature.bin，输出到文件plain.txt -``` +```shell # openssl rsautl -verify -pubin -inkey rsapublickey.pem -in signature.bin -out plain ``` 从X.509证书文件cert.pem中获取公钥匙，用3DES加密mail.txt，输出到文件mail.enc -``` +```shell # openssl smime -encrypt -in mail.txt -des3 -out mail.enc cert.pem ``` 从X.509证书文件cert.pem中获取接收人的公钥匙，用私钥匙key.pem解密S/MIME消息mail.enc，结果输出到文件mail.txt -``` +```shell # openssl smime -decrypt -in mail.enc -recip cert.pem -inkey key.pem -out mail.txt ``` cert.pem为X.509证书文件，用私匙key,pem为mail.txt签名，证书被包含在S/MIME消息中，输出到文件mail.sgn -``` +```shell # openssl smime -sign -in mail.txt -signer cert.pem -inkey key.pem -out mail.sgn ``` 验证S/MIME消息mail.sgn，输出到文件mail.txt，签名者的证书应该作为S/MIME消息的一部分包含在mail.sgn中 -``` +```shell # openssl smime -verify -in mail.sgn -out mail.txt ``` 更多实例: -``` +```shell openssl version -a openssl help openssl genrsa -aes128 -out fd.key 2048 # pem format diff --git a/command/parted.md b/command/parted.md index 5bab7e823e7..98c02b1e773 100644 --- a/command/parted.md +++ b/command/parted.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ parted === - + 磁盘分区和分区大小调整工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ parted ### 语法 -``` +```shellshell parted(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shellshell -h：显示帮助信息； -i：交互式模式； -s：脚本模式，不提示用户； @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ parted(选项)(参数) * 绿色代表你需要使用的命令。 * 红色代表你需要注意到的输出信息，在后续需要使用。 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 35.8 GB, 35862976512 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4360 cylinders @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table ``` -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted Copyright (C) 1998 - 2004 free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License. @@ -75,12 +75,11 @@ Minor 起始点 终止点 文件系统 名称 标志 Minor 起始点 终止点 文件系统 名称 标志 1 0.017 2047.983 (parted)quit - ``` 如果必要，不要忘记更新`/etc/fstab`。 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 35.8 GB, 35862976512 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4360 cylinders @@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(261, 21, 16) ``` -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem label= @@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. ``` -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 diff --git a/command/partprobe.md b/command/partprobe.md index 32bb917b9ce..d9d17f32a7b 100644 --- a/command/partprobe.md +++ b/command/partprobe.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ partprobe === - + 不重启的情况下重读分区 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ partprobe ### 语法 -``` +```shell partprobe(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：不更新内核； -s：显示摘要和分区； -h：显示帮助信息； @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ partprobe(选项)(参数) 使用partprobe不重启系统添加新的磁盘分区，主机自带硬盘超过300GB，目前只划分使用了3个主分区，不到70GB，如下： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 29G 3.7G 24G 14% / @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm ``` -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name @@ -50,14 +50,13 @@ major minor #blocks name 8 32 976896 sdc …省略其他 - ``` 现在需要给系统添加1个100GB的空间存放数据文件，而又不影响现有系统上业务的运行，使用fdisk结合partprobe命令不重启系统添加一块新的磁盘分区。操作步骤如下： **第1步 添加新的磁盘分区** ： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 38770. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, @@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ Syncing disks. **第2步 使用工具partprobe让kernel读取分区信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# partprobe ``` @@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ Syncing disks. **第3步 格式化文件系统：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= @@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or **第4步 mount新的分区`/dev/sda4`：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sda4 /data [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /data diff --git a/command/passwd.md b/command/passwd.md index 26a603a95ae..a9a71edd3af 100644 --- a/command/passwd.md +++ b/command/passwd.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ passwd === - + 用于让用户可以更改自己的密码 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ passwd ### 语法 -``` +```shell passwd(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：删除密码，仅有系统管理者才能使用； -f：强制执行； -k：设置只有在密码过期失效后，方能更新； @@ -34,92 +34,92 @@ passwd(选项)(参数) 存放用户信息： -``` +```shell /etc/passwd /etc/shadow ``` 存放组信息： -``` +```shell /etc/group /etc/gshadow ``` 用户信息文件分析（每项用`:`隔开） -``` +```shell 例如：jack:X:503:504:::/home/jack/:/bin/bash -jack　　//用户名 -X　　//口令、密码 -503　　//用户id（0代表root、普通新建用户从500开始） -504　　//所在组 -:　　//描述 -/home/jack/　　//用户主目录 -/bin/bash　　//用户缺省Shell +jack　　# 用户名 +X　　# 口令、密码 +503　　# 用户id（0代表root、普通新建用户从500开始） +504　　# 所在组 +:　　# 描述 +/home/jack/　　# 用户主目录 +/bin/bash　　# 用户缺省Shell ``` 组信息文件分析 -``` +```shell 例如：jack:$!$:???:13801:0:99999:7:*:*: -jack　　//组名 -$!$　　//被加密的口令 -13801　　//创建日期与今天相隔的天数 -0　　//口令最短位数 -99999　　//用户口令 -7　　//到7天时提醒 -*　　//禁用天数 -*　　//过期天数 +jack　　# 组名 +$!$　　# 被加密的口令 +13801　　# 创建日期与今天相隔的天数 +0　　# 口令最短位数 +99999　　# 用户口令 +7　　# 到7天时提醒 +*　　# 禁用天数 +*　　# 过期天数 ``` ### 实例 如果是普通用户执行passwd只能修改自己的密码。如果新建用户后，要为新用户创建密码，则用passwd用户名，注意要以root用户的权限来创建。 -``` -[root@localhost ~]# passwd linuxde //更改或创建linuxde用户的密码； +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# passwd linuxde # 更改或创建linuxde用户的密码； Changing password for user linuxde. -New UNIX password: //请输入新密码； -Retype new UNIX password: //再输入一次； -passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. //成功； +New UNIX password: # 请输入新密码； +Retype new UNIX password: # 再输入一次； +passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. # 成功； ``` 普通用户如果想更改自己的密码，直接运行passwd即可，比如当前操作的用户是linuxde。 -``` +```shell [linuxde@localhost ~]$ passwd -Changing password for user linuxde. //更改linuxde用户的密码； -(current) UNIX password: //请输入当前密码； -New UNIX password: //请输入新密码； -Retype new UNIX password: //确认新密码； -passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. //更改成功； +Changing password for user linuxde. # 更改linuxde用户的密码； +(current) UNIX password: # 请输入当前密码； +New UNIX password: # 请输入新密码； +Retype new UNIX password: # 确认新密码； +passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. # 更改成功； ``` 比如我们让某个用户不能修改密码，可以用`-l`选项来锁定： -``` -[root@localhost ~]# passwd -l linuxde //锁定用户linuxde不能更改密码； +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# passwd -l linuxde # 锁定用户linuxde不能更改密码； Locking password for user linuxde. -passwd: Success //锁定成功； +passwd: Success # 锁定成功； -[linuxde@localhost ~]# su linuxde //通过su切换到linuxde用户； -[linuxde@localhost ~]$ passwd //linuxde来更改密码； +[linuxde@localhost ~]# su linuxde # 通过su切换到linuxde用户； +[linuxde@localhost ~]$ passwd # linuxde来更改密码； Changing password for user linuxde. Changing password for linuxde -(current) UNIX password: //输入linuxde的当前密码； -passwd: Authentication token manipulation error //失败，不能更改密码； +(current) UNIX password: # 输入linuxde的当前密码； +passwd: Authentication token manipulation error # 失败，不能更改密码； ``` 再来一例： -``` -[root@localhost ~]# passwd -d linuxde //清除linuxde用户密码； +```shell +[root@localhost ~]# passwd -d linuxde # 清除linuxde用户密码； Removing password for user linuxde. -passwd: Success //清除成功； +passwd: Success # 清除成功； -[root@localhost ~]# passwd -S linuxde //查询linuxde用户密码状态； -Empty password. //空密码，也就是没有密码； +[root@localhost ~]# passwd -S linuxde # 查询linuxde用户密码状态； +Empty password. # 空密码，也就是没有密码； ``` 注意：当我们清除一个用户的密码时，登录时就无需密码，这一点要加以注意。 diff --git a/command/paste.md b/command/paste.md index 88b1da923af..1c9ef72600a 100644 --- a/command/paste.md +++ b/command/paste.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ paste === - + 将多个文件按列队列合并 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ paste ### 语法 -``` +```shell paste(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d<间隔字符>或--delimiters=<间隔字符>：用指定的间隔字符取代跳格字符； -s或——serial串列进行而非平行处理。 ``` diff --git a/command/patch.md b/command/patch.md index 2692a2a417f..64190db69e5 100644 --- a/command/patch.md +++ b/command/patch.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ patch === - + 为开放源代码软件安装补丁程序 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ patch ### 语法 -``` +```shell patch(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b或--backup：备份每一个原始文件； -B<备份字首字符串>或--prefix=<备份字首字符串>：设置文件备份时，附加在文件名称前面的字首字符串，该字符串可以是路径名称； -c或--context：把修补数据解译成关联性的差异； @@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ patch(选项)(参数) ### 参数 -* 原文件：指定需要打补丁的原始文件； -* 补丁文件：指定补丁文件。 +* 原文件：指定需要打补丁的原始文件； +* 补丁文件：指定补丁文件。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/pathchk.md b/command/pathchk.md index 751d565a0a5..79a58c0f78b 100644 --- a/command/pathchk.md +++ b/command/pathchk.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pathchk === - + 检查文件中不可移植的部分 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pathchk ### 语法 -``` +```shell pathchk(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -p：检查大多数的POSIX系统； -P：检查空名字和“-”开头的文件； --portability：检查所有的POSIX系统，等同于“-P-p”选项； diff --git a/command/perl.md b/command/perl.md index 5e26f1ec204..056a82039d4 100644 --- a/command/perl.md +++ b/command/perl.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ perl === - + perl语言解释器 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ perl语言解释器 ### 语法 -``` +```shell perl(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -w：输出有用的警告信息； -U：允许不安全的操作； -c：仅检查文件的语法； diff --git a/command/pfctl.md b/command/pfctl.md index c97c2dee9f6..980ba94a60e 100644 --- a/command/pfctl.md +++ b/command/pfctl.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pfctl === - + PF防火墙的配置命令 ## 补充说明 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ PF防火墙的功能很多，本站只列举一些基本配置。 要激活pf并且使它在启动时调用配置文件，编辑`/etc/rc.conf`文件，修改配置pf的一行： -``` +```shell pf=yes ``` @@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ pf=yes 也可以通过pfctl程序启动和停止pf： -``` -# pfctl -e -# pfctl -d +```shell +pfctl -e +pfctl -d ``` 注意这仅仅是启动和关闭PF，实际它不会载入规则集，规则集要么在系统启动时载入，要在PF启动后通过命令单独载入。 @@ -50,17 +50,16 @@ pf=yes 引导之后，PF可以通过pfctl程序进行操作，以下是一些例子： -``` -# pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf 载入 pf.conf 文件 -# pfctl -nf /etc/pf.conf 解析文件，但不载入 -# pfctl -Nf /etc/pf.conf 只载入文件中的NAT规则 -# pfctl -Rf /etc/pf.conf 只载入文件中的过滤规则 - -# pfctl -sn 显示当前的NAT规则 -# pfctl -sr 显示当前的过滤规则 -# pfctl -ss 显示当前的状态表 -# pfctl -si 显示过滤状态和计数 -# pfctl -sa 显示任何可显示的 +```shell +pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf # 载入 pf.conf 文件 +pfctl -nf /etc/pf.conf # 解析文件，但不载入 +pfctl -Nf /etc/pf.conf # 只载入文件中的NAT规则 +pfctl -Rf /etc/pf.conf # 只载入文件中的过滤规则 +pfctl -sn # 显示当前的NAT规则 +pfctl -sr # 显示当前的过滤规则 +pfctl -ss # 显示当前的状态表 +pfctl -si # 显示过滤状态和计数 +pfctl -sa # 显示任何可显示的 ``` 完整的命令列表，请参阅pfctl的man手册页。 diff --git a/command/pgrep.md b/command/pgrep.md index 3539746bb29..3e008aa6666 100644 --- a/command/pgrep.md +++ b/command/pgrep.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pgrep === - + 设置用户的认证信息，包括用户密码、密码过期时间等 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pgrep ### 语法 -``` +```shell pgrep(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -o：仅显示找到的最小（起始）进程号； -n：仅显示找到的最大（结束）进程号； -l：显示进程名称； @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pgrep(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell pgrep -lo httpd 4557 httpd [root@localhost ~]# pgrep -ln httpd diff --git a/command/php.md b/command/php.md index 75ba12d5528..8b33d1c9288 100644 --- a/command/php.md +++ b/command/php.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ php === - + PHP语言的命令行接口 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ PHP语言的命令行接口 ### 语法 -``` +```shell php(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：进入交互模式； -c：指定“php.ini”的搜索路径。 ``` diff --git a/command/pico.md b/command/pico.md index 920826928c6..b2c7b4a9759 100644 --- a/command/pico.md +++ b/command/pico.md @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ pico === - + 功能强大全屏幕的文本编辑器 ## 补充说明 **pico命令** 是功能强大全屏幕的文本编辑器。pico的操作简单，提供了丰富的快捷键。常用的快捷键如下： -``` +```shell Ctrl+G：获得pico的帮助信息； Ctrl+O：保存文件内容，如果是新文件，需要输入文件名； Ctrl+R：在当前光标位置插入一个指定的文本文件内容； @@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ Ctrl+X：退出，当文件内容发生改变时，提供是否保存修改。 ### 语法 -``` +```shell pico(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b：开启置换的功能； -d：开启删除的功能； -e：使用完整的文件名称； diff --git a/command/pidof.md b/command/pidof.md index 68f1b528322..4f5b4094285 100644 --- a/command/pidof.md +++ b/command/pidof.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pidof === - + 查找指定名称的进程的进程号ID号 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pidof ### 语法 -``` +```shell pidof(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -s：仅返回一个进程号； -c：仅显示具有相同“root”目录的进程； -x：显示由脚本开启的进程； @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pidof(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell pidof nginx 13312 5371 diff --git a/command/pigz.md b/command/pigz.md index dc57bfa92d4..b7a50faa26a 100644 --- a/command/pigz.md +++ b/command/pigz.md @@ -9,63 +9,63 @@ pigz ### 语法 -```bash +```shell pigz [ -cdfhikKlLmMnNqrRtz0..9,11 ] [ -b blocksize ] [ -p threads ] [ -S suffix ] [ name ... ] unpigz [ -cfhikKlLmMnNqrRtz ] [ -b blocksize ] [ -p threads ] [ -S suffix ] [ name ... ] ``` ### 参数 -```bash --0 to -9, -11 Compression level (level 11, zopfli, is much slower) ---fast, --best Compression levels 1 and 9 respectively --b, --blocksize mmm Set compression block size to mmmK (default 128K) --c, --stdout Write all processed output to stdout (won't delete) --d, --decompress Decompress the compressed input --f, --force Force overwrite, compress .gz, links, and to terminal --F --first Do iterations first, before block split for -11 --h, --help Display a help screen and quit --i, --independent Compress blocks independently for damage recovery --I, --iterations n Number of iterations for -11 optimization --J, --maxsplits n Maximum number of split blocks for -11 --k, --keep Do not delete original file after processing --K, --zip Compress to PKWare zip (.zip) single entry format --l, --list List the contents of the compressed input --L, --license Display the pigz license and quit --m, --no-time Do not store or restore mod time --M, --time Store or restore mod time --n, --no-name Do not store or restore file name or mod time --N, --name Store or restore file name and mod time --O --oneblock Do not split into smaller blocks for -11 --p, --processes n Allow up to n compression threads (default is the number of online processors, or 8 if unknown) --q, --quiet Print no messages, even on error --r, --recursive Process the contents of all subdirectories --R, --rsyncable Input-determined block locations for rsync --S, --suffix .sss Use suffix .sss instead of .gz (for compression) --t, --test Test the integrity of the compressed input --v, --verbose Provide more verbose output --V --version Show the version of pigz --Y --synchronous Force output file write to permanent storage --z, --zlib Compress to zlib (.zz) instead of gzip format --- All arguments after "--" are treated as files +```shell +-0 to -9, -11 # Compression level (level 11, zopfli, is much slower) +--fast, --best # Compression levels 1 and 9 respectively +-b, --blocksize mmm # Set compression block size to mmmK (default 128K) +-c, --stdout # Write all processed output to stdout (won't delete) +-d, --decompress # Decompress the compressed input +-f, --force # Force overwrite, compress .gz, links, and to terminal +-F --first # Do iterations first, before block split for -11 +-h, --help # Display a help screen and quit +-i, --independent # Compress blocks independently for damage recovery +-I, --iterations n # Number of iterations for -11 optimization +-J, --maxsplits n # Maximum number of split blocks for -11 +-k, --keep # Do not delete original file after processing +-K, --zip # Compress to PKWare zip (.zip) single entry format +-l, --list # List the contents of the compressed input +-L, --license # Display the pigz license and quit +-m, --no-time # Do not store or restore mod time +-M, --time # Store or restore mod time +-n, --no-name # Do not store or restore file name or mod time +-N, --name # Store or restore file name and mod time +-O --oneblock # Do not split into smaller blocks for -11 +-p, --processes n # Allow up to n compression threads (default is the number of online processors, or 8 if unknown) +-q, --quiet # Print no messages, even on error +-r, --recursive # Process the contents of all subdirectories +-R, --rsyncable # Input-determined block locations for rsync +-S, --suffix .sss # Use suffix .sss instead of .gz (for compression) +-t, --test # Test the integrity of the compressed input +-v, --verbose # Provide more verbose output +-V --version # Show the version of pigz +-Y --synchronous # Force output file write to permanent storage +-z, --zlib # Compress to zlib (.zz) instead of gzip format +-- # All arguments after "--" are treated as files ``` ### 实例 可以结合`tar`使用, 压缩命令 -```bash +```shell tar -cvf - dir1 dir2 dir3 | pigz -p 8 > output.tgz ``` 解压命令 -```bash +```shell pigz -p 8 -d output.tgz ``` 如果是gzip格式，也支持用tar解压 -```bash +```shell tar -xzvf output.tgz ``` diff --git a/command/ping.md b/command/ping.md index 8e6abf6f9d7..1ad594954e5 100644 --- a/command/ping.md +++ b/command/ping.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ping === - + 测试主机之间网络的连通性 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ ping ### 语法 -``` +```shell ping(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能； -c<完成次数>：设置完成要求回应的次数； -f：极限检测； @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ping(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@AY1307311912260196fcZ ~]# ping www.jsdig.com PING host.1.jsdig.com (100.42.212.8) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=177 ms diff --git a/command/pkill.md b/command/pkill.md index 3cb7459fe34..ff58f2066a5 100644 --- a/command/pkill.md +++ b/command/pkill.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pkill === - + 可以按照进程名杀死进程 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pkill ### 语法 -``` +```shell pkill(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -o：仅向找到的最小（起始）进程号发送信号； -n：仅向找到的最大（结束）进程号发送信号； -P：指定父进程号发送信号； @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pkill(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell pgrep -l gaim 2979 gaim diff --git a/command/pmap.md b/command/pmap.md index 6783f89023d..19940041791 100644 --- a/command/pmap.md +++ b/command/pmap.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pmap === - + 报告进程的内存映射关系 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pmap ### 语法 -``` +```shell pmap(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -x：显示扩展格式； -d：显示设备格式； -q：不显示头尾行； @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pmap(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell pidof nginx 13312 5371 diff --git a/command/popd.md b/command/popd.md index ecaf2093518..5cb4b4157aa 100644 --- a/command/popd.md +++ b/command/popd.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ popd === - + 用于删除目录栈中的记录 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ popd ### 语法 -``` +```shell pushd(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell +N：将第N个目录删除（从左边数起，数字从0开始）； -N：将第N个目录删除（从右边数起，数字从0开始）； -n：将目录出栈时，不切换目录。 @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pushd(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell root@Mylinux:/tmp/dir4# popd（相当于popd +0） /tmp/dir3 /tmp/dir2 /tmp/dir1 ~ diff --git a/command/poweroff.md b/command/poweroff.md index b96eb1d5d16..fd0cef444ca 100644 --- a/command/poweroff.md +++ b/command/poweroff.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ poweroff ### 语法 -``` +```shel poweroff [选项] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shel -n 关闭之前不同步 -p 当被称为halt时关闭电源 -v 增加输出，包括消息 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ poweroff [选项] 关闭Linux系统。 -```bash +```shell [root@localhost ~]# poweroff ``` diff --git a/command/ppp-off.md b/command/ppp-off.md index 5b01ee5a0f6..92c858890c7 100644 --- a/command/ppp-off.md +++ b/command/ppp-off.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ ppp-off ### 语法 -``` +```shell ppp-off ``` diff --git a/command/pr.md b/command/pr.md index 5caa14a9331..7efc0885264 100644 --- a/command/pr.md +++ b/command/pr.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pr === - + 将文本文件转换成适合打印的格式 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pr ### 语法 -``` +```shell pr(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -h<标题>：为页指定标题； -l<行数>：指定每页的行数。 ``` diff --git a/command/printf.md b/command/printf.md index be1a34b4766..d5f01165d85 100644 --- a/command/printf.md +++ b/command/printf.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ printf === - + 格式化并输出结果 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ printf ### 语法 -``` +```shell printf(选项)(参数) --help：在线帮助； --version：显示版本信息。 @@ -51,23 +51,21 @@ printf(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell printf "hello world" - ``` -``` +```shell #!/bin/bash printf "%-5s %-10s %-4s\n" NO Name Mark printf "%-5s %-10s %-4.2f\n" 01 Tom 90.3456 printf "%-5s %-10s %-4.2f\n" 02 Jack 89.2345 printf "%-5s %-10s %-4.2f\n" 03 Jeff 98.4323 - ``` -* %-5s 格式为左对齐且宽度为5的字符串代替（-表示左对齐），不使用则是又对齐。 -* %-4.2f 格式为左对齐宽度为4，保留两位小数。 +* %-5s 格式为左对齐且宽度为5的字符串代替（-表示左对齐），不使用则是又对齐。 +* %-4.2f 格式为左对齐宽度为4，保留两位小数。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/command/protoize.md b/command/protoize.md index 48c28afa4be..39d49360f4a 100644 --- a/command/protoize.md +++ b/command/protoize.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ protoize === - + GNU-C代码转换为ANSI-C代码 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ GNU-C代码转换为ANSI-C代码 ### 语法 -``` +```shell protoize(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：设置需要转换代码的目录； -x：转换代码时排除的文件。 ``` diff --git a/command/ps.md b/command/ps.md index e7b5d6306d5..818d03c460b 100644 --- a/command/ps.md +++ b/command/ps.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ ps ### 语法 -``` +```shell ps(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：显示所有终端机下执行的程序，除了阶段作业领导者之外。 a：显示现行终端机下的所有程序，包括其他用户的程序。 -A：显示所有程序。 @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ X：采用旧式的Linux i386登陆格式显示程序状况。 ### 实例 -```bash +```shell ps axo pid,comm,pcpu # 查看进程的PID、名称以及CPU 占用率 ps aux | sort -rnk 4 # 按内存资源的使用量对进程进行排序 ps aux | sort -nk 3 # 按 CPU 资源的使用量对进程进行排序 @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ ps -o command -p 91730 | sed -n 2p # 通过进程id获取服务名称 将目前属于您自己这次登入的 PID 与相关信息列示出来 -```bash +```shell ps -l # UID PID PPID F CPU PRI NI SZ RSS WCHAN S ADDR TTY TIME CMD # 501 566 559 4006 0 31 0 4317620 228 - Ss 0 ttys001 0:00.05 /App...cOS/iTerm2 --server /usr/bin/login -fpl kenny /Ap...s/MacOS/iTerm2 --launch_shel @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ ps -l 列出目前所有的正在内存当中的程序 -```bash +```shell ps aux # USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TT STAT STARTED TIME COMMAND @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ ps aux 列出类似程序树的程序显示 -``` +```shell ps -axjf # USER PID PPID PGID SESS JOBC STAT TT TIME COMMAND UID C STIME TTY @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ ps -axjf 找出与 cron 与 syslog 这两个服务有关的 PID 号码 -``` +```shell ps aux | egrep '(cron|syslog)' # root 50 0.0 0.0 4305532 1284 ?? Ss 二03下午 0:10.08 /usr/sbin/syslogd @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ ps aux | egrep '(cron|syslog)' 把所有进程显示出来，并输出到ps001.txt文件 -``` +```shell ps -aux > ps001.txt ``` diff --git a/command/pssh.md b/command/pssh.md index fe15908f7a9..78aacc5ae5f 100644 --- a/command/pssh.md +++ b/command/pssh.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pssh === - + 批量管理执行 ## 补充说明 @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ pssh **yum方法** -``` +```shell yum install pssh ``` **编译安装** -``` +```shell wget http://parallel-ssh.googlecode.com/files/pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz tar xf pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz cd pssh-2.3.1/ @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ python setup.py install ### 选项 -``` +```shell --version：查看版本 --help：查看帮助，即此信息 -h：主机文件列表，内容格式”[user@]host[:port]” @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ python setup.py install 获取每台服务器的uptime： -``` +```shell # pssh -h ip.txt -i uptime [1] 11:15:03 [SUCCESS] Mar.mars.he 11:15:11 up 4 days, 16:25, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ python setup.py install 查看每台服务器上mysql复制IO/SQL线程运行状态信息： -``` +```shell # pssh -h IP.txt -i "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -e 'show slave status \G'"|grep Running: Slave_IO_Running: yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ python setup.py install 保存每台服务器运行的结果： -``` +```shell # pssh -h IP.txt -i -o /tmp/pssh/ uptime [1] 11:19:47 [SUCCESS] Feb.mars.he 11:19:55 up 4 days, 16:31, 2 users, load average: 0.02, 0.03, 0.00 @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ python setup.py install 我们来看一下/tmp/pssh/下的文件及其内容 -``` +```shell # ll /tmp/pssh/ 总用量 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 70 12月 1 11:19 Feb.mars.he diff --git a/command/pstack.md b/command/pstack.md index e2ea0f2a0c6..29157ebd7b9 100644 --- a/command/pstack.md +++ b/command/pstack.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pstack === - + 显示每个进程的栈跟踪 ## 补充说明 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pstack pstree以树结构显示进程 -``` +```shell pstree -p work | grep ad sshd(22669)---bash(22670)---ad_preprocess(4551)-+-{ad_preprocess}(4552) |-{ad_preprocess}(4553) @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ sshd(22669)---bash(22670)---ad_preprocess(4551)-+-{ad_preprocess}(4552) work为工作用户，-p为显示进程识别码，ad_preprocess共启动了6个子线程，加上主线程共7个线程。 -``` +```shell ps -Lf 4551 UID PID PPID LWP C NLWP STIME TTY stat time CMD work 4551 22670 4551 2 7 16:30 pts/2 Sl+ 0:02 ./ad_preprocess @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ work 4551 22670 4557 0 7 16:30 pts/2 Sl+ 0:00 ./ad_preprocess pstack显示每个进程的栈跟踪： -``` +```shell pstack 4551 Thread 7 (Thread 1084229984 (LWP 4552)): #0 0x000000302afc63dc in epoll_wait () from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6 diff --git a/command/pstree.md b/command/pstree.md index b55087135a8..ce827fa3a18 100644 --- a/command/pstree.md +++ b/command/pstree.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pstree ### 语法 -``` +```shell pstree(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：显示每个程序的完整指令，包含路径，参数或是常驻服务的标示； -c：不使用精简标示法； -G：使用VT100终端机的列绘图字符； @@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ pstree(选项) 显示当前所有进程的进程号和进程id -``` +```shell pstree -p ``` 显示所有进程的所有详细信息，遇到相同的进程名可以压缩显示。 -```bash +```shellbash pstree -a ``` 获取 SSH 会话的 PID -``` +```shell pstree -p | grep ssh # |-sshd(1221)-+-sshd(2768)---bash(2770)-+-grep(2810) diff --git a/command/pushd.md b/command/pushd.md index 43fc03f6dfb..155f24d155d 100644 --- a/command/pushd.md +++ b/command/pushd.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pushd === - + 将目录加入命令堆叠中 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pushd ### 语法 -``` +```shell pushd(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -n：只加入目录到堆叠中，不进行cd操作； +n：删除从左到右的第n个目录，数字从0开始； -n：删除从右到左的第n个目录，数字从0开始； @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pushd(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell root@Mylinux:/tmp/dir4# pushd /tmp/dir3 /tmp/dir3 /tmp/dir4 /tmp/dir1 ~ diff --git a/command/pv.md b/command/pv.md index fab7f5b11a5..2778c3d914f 100644 --- a/command/pv.md +++ b/command/pv.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pv ## 下载安装 -```bash +```shell # Debian 系的操作系统，如 Ubuntu sudo apt-get install pv @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ yum install pv ### 语法 -```bash +```shell pv(选项)(参数) pv [OPTION] [FILE]... ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -p, --progress show progress bar -t, --timer show elapsed time -e, --eta show estimated time of arrival (completion) @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pv [OPTION] [FILE]... 我们（在 linux 上使用命令行的用户）的大多数使用场景都会用到的命令是从一个 USB 驱动器拷贝电影文件到你的电脑。如果你使用 cp 来完成上面的任务，你会什么情况都不清楚，直到整个复制过程结束或者出错。 -```bash +```shell # 复制文件会有进度 linux [master●] % pv ~/Downloads/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso > ~/Desktop/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso # 下面输入信息 @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pv -L 2m /media/himanshu/1AC2-A8E3/fNf.mkv > ./Desktop/fnf.mkv ``` -```bash +```shell # 字符一个个匀速在命令行中显示出来 echo "Tecmint[dot]com is a community of Linux Nerds and Geeks" | pv -qL 10 diff --git a/command/pvchange.md b/command/pvchange.md index 6488842a3c9..986ab22b3ab 100644 --- a/command/pvchange.md +++ b/command/pvchange.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvchange === - + 修改物理卷属性 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pvchange ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvchange(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -u：生成新的UUID； -x：是否允许分配PE。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ pvchange(选项)(参数) 使用pvchange命令禁止分配指定物理卷上的PE。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell pvchange -x n /dev/sdb1 #禁止分配"/dev/sdb1"上的PE ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" changed 1 physical volume changed / 0 physical volumes not changed ``` diff --git a/command/pvck.md b/command/pvck.md index e8220447119..bbe22e34c89 100644 --- a/command/pvck.md +++ b/command/pvck.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvck === - + 检测物理卷的LVM元数据的一致性 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pvck ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvck(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：调试模式； -v：详细信息模式； --labelsector：指定LVE卷标所在扇区。 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pvck(选项)(参数) 使用pvck命令检查物理卷`/dev/sdb1`。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell pvck -v /dev/sdb1 #检查物理卷元数据 Scanning /dev/sdb1 Found label on /dev/sdb1, sector 1, type=LVM2 001 diff --git a/command/pvcreate.md b/command/pvcreate.md index 5389813d790..69e26c23832 100644 --- a/command/pvcreate.md +++ b/command/pvcreate.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvcreate === - + 将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pvcreate ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvcreate(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -f：强制创建物理卷，不需要用户确认； -u：指定设备的UUID； -y：所有的问题都回答“yes”； @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pvcreate(选项)(参数) 查看磁盘信息： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda: 41.1 GB, 41174138880 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5005 cylinders @@ -46,19 +46,18 @@ Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes /dev/hda7 2236 2418 1469916 8e Linux LVM /dev/hda8 2419 2601 1469916 8e Linux LVM /dev/hda9 2602 2784 1469916 8e Linux LVM - ``` 检查有无 PV 在系统上，然后将`/dev/hda6`到`/dev/hda9`建立成为PV格式 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found #找不到任何的 PV 存在！ ``` 将6-9分区转成pv，注意大括号的用途： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/hda{6,7,8,9} Physical volume "/dev/hda6" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/hda7" successfully created @@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ No matching physical volumes found #找不到任何的 PV 存在！ 这就分別表示每个 PV 的信息与系统所有 PV 的信息： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvscan PV /dev/hda6 lvm2 [1.40 GB] PV /dev/hda7 lvm2 [1.40 GB] @@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ No matching physical volumes found #找不到任何的 PV 存在！ 更详细的列示出系统上面每个 PV 信息： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay "/dev/hda6" is a new physical volume of "1.40 GB" --- NEW Physical volume --- @@ -97,15 +96,14 @@ No matching physical volumes found #找不到任何的 PV 存在！ 删除物理卷： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb2 Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully wiped - ``` 修改物理卷属性： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvchange -x n /dev/sdb1 #禁止分配指定物理卷上的PE Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" changed 1 physical volume changed / 0 physical volumes not changed diff --git a/command/pvdisplay.md b/command/pvdisplay.md index 93a39616a32..4d5dacd1084 100644 --- a/command/pvdisplay.md +++ b/command/pvdisplay.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvdisplay === - + 显示物理卷的属性 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pvdisplay ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvdisplay(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -s：以短格式输出； -m：显示PE到LE的映射。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ pvdisplay(选项)(参数) 使用pvdisplay命令显示指定的物理卷的基本信息。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb1 #显示物理卷基本信息 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "101.94 MB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 diff --git a/command/pvremove.md b/command/pvremove.md index 78913e4672c..5a6c37676d3 100644 --- a/command/pvremove.md +++ b/command/pvremove.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvremove === - + 删除一个存在的物理卷 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ pvremove ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvremove(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` --d：调试模式； --f：强制删除； --y：对提问回答“yes”。 +```shell +-d # 调试模式； +-f # 强制删除； +-y # 对提问回答“yes”。 ``` ### 参数 @@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ pvremove(选项)(参数) 使用pvremove指令删除物理卷`/dev/sdb2`。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` -pvremove /dev/sdb2 #删除物理卷 +```shell +pvremove /dev/sdb2 # 删除物理卷 Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully wiped - ``` diff --git a/command/pvs.md b/command/pvs.md index 3154af14291..6c9b75362ff 100644 --- a/command/pvs.md +++ b/command/pvs.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvs === - + 输出物理卷信息报表 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pvs ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvs(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --noheadings：不输出标题头； --nosuffix：不输出空间大小的单位。 ``` @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ pvs(选项)(参数) 使用pvs命令显示系统中所有物理卷的信息报表。在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` -pvs #输出物理卷信息报表 +```shell +pvs # 输出物理卷信息报表 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell PV VG fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 vg1000 lvm2 -- 100.00M 100.00M /dev/sdb2 lvm2 -- 101.98M 101.98M diff --git a/command/pvscan.md b/command/pvscan.md index 5e5039d0fc5..2e7ea33c385 100644 --- a/command/pvscan.md +++ b/command/pvscan.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pvscan === - + 扫描系统中所有硬盘的物理卷列表 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pvscan ### 语法 -``` +```shell pvscan(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：调试模式； -e：仅显示属于输出卷组的物理卷； -n：仅显示不属于任何卷组的物理卷； @@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ pvscan(选项) 使用pvscan命令扫描当前系统中所有硬盘的物理卷，在命令行中输入下面的命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pvscan #扫描所有硬盘上的物理卷 ``` 输出信息如下： -``` +```shell PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [101.94 MB] PV /dev/sdb2 lvm2 [101.98 MB] Total: 2 [203.92 MB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 2 [203.92 diff --git a/command/pwck.md b/command/pwck.md index 62364fc3d75..28da587f123 100644 --- a/command/pwck.md +++ b/command/pwck.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pwck === - + 用来验证系统认证文件内容和格式的完整性 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ pwck ### 语法 -``` +```shell pwck(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -q：仅报告错误信息； -s：以用户id排序文件“/etc/passwd”和“/etc/shadow”; -r：只读方式运行指令。 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pwck(选项)(参数) ### 实例 -``` +```shell pwck /etc/passwd user 'lp': directory '/var/spool/lpd' does not exist user 'news': directory '/var/spool/news' does not exist diff --git a/command/pwconv.md b/command/pwconv.md index b3ee2385983..9b197228b79 100644 --- a/command/pwconv.md +++ b/command/pwconv.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pwconv === - + 用来开启用户的投影密码 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ pwconv ### 语法 -``` +```shell pwconv ``` ### 实例 -``` +```shell cat /etc/passwd | grep test test:x:3001:3001::/home/test:/bin/sh ``` 此时可以发现密码段是x -``` +```shell cat /etc/shadow | grep test test:$6$nYOEWamm$bz07nlv/.RgJufb3FAqJJeULfwybzgxmrWqbk7O4vI0KsT6N.ujrh6dDIUcAJdfjksyuyAFDPIngZeD3cgcf.0:15022:0:99999:7::: ``` diff --git a/command/pwd.md b/command/pwd.md index a2baab5eec4..f1f98e9c1ce 100644 --- a/command/pwd.md +++ b/command/pwd.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pwd === - + 绝对路径方式显示用户当前工作目录 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,21 +9,20 @@ pwd ### 语法 -``` +```shell pwd（选项） ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --help：显示帮助信息； --version：显示版本信息。 - ``` ### 实例 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# pwd /root ``` diff --git a/command/pwunconv.md b/command/pwunconv.md index 021851c2103..2cec1b82528 100644 --- a/command/pwunconv.md +++ b/command/pwunconv.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ pwunconv === - + 用来关闭用户的投影密码 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ pwunconv ### 语法 -``` +```shell pwunconv ``` ### 实例 -``` -pwunconv //关闭影子密码 -cat /etc/passwd | grep test //发现密码已经在passwd文件中了 +```shell +pwunconv # 关闭影子密码 +cat /etc/passwd | grep test # 发现密码已经在passwd文件中了 test:$6$nYOEWamm$bz07nlv/.RgJufb3FAqJJeULfwybzgxmrWqbk7O4vI0KsT6N.ujrh6dDIUcAJdfjksyuyAFDPIngZeD3cgcf.0:3001:3001::/home/test:/bin/sh -ls /etc/shadow //查看影子文件，提示没有这个文件或目录 +ls /etc/shadow # 查看影子文件，提示没有这个文件或目录 ls: cannot access /etc/shadow: No such file or directory ``` diff --git a/command/quota.md b/command/quota.md index 24a79fed5cd..1d3520f7e98 100644 --- a/command/quota.md +++ b/command/quota.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ quota === - + 显示磁盘已使用的空间与限制 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ quota ### 语法 -``` +```shell quota(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -g：列出群组的磁盘空间限制； -q：简明列表，只列出超过限制的部分； -u：列出用户的磁盘空间限制； @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ quota(选项)(参数) 要求：Linux 主机里面主要针对 quser1 及 quser2 两个使用者来进行磁盘配额， 且这两个使用者都是挂在 qgroup 组里面的。每个使用者总共有 50MB 的磁盘空间 (不考虑 inode) 限制！并且 soft limit 为 45 MB；而宽限时间设定为 1 天， 但是在一天之内必须要将多余的文件删除掉，否则将无法使用剩下的空间 ；gquota 这个组考虑最大限额，所以设定为 90 MB！（注意，这样设置的好处是富有弹性，好比现在的邮件服务，那么多用户，承诺给用户每人最大空间为数GB，然而人们不可能每人都会使用那么大的空间，所以邮件服务的总空间，实际上肯定不是注册客户数乘以数GB，否则这样得多大啊。） -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# groupadd qgroup [root@localhost ~]# useradd -m -g qgroup quser1 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -m -g qgroup quser2 @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ LABEL=/disk2 /disk2 ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2 重新`remount filesystem`来驱动设定值。 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/hdb1 [root@localhost ~]# mount -a [root@localhost ~]# grep '/disk2' /etc/mtab @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ LABEL=/disk2 /disk2 ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2 事实上，也可以利用 mount 的 remount 功能。 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# mount -o remount /disk2 ``` @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ LABEL=/disk2 /disk2 ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2 扫瞄磁盘的使用者使用状况，并产生重要的 aquota.group 与 aquota.user： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# quotacheck -avug quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb1 [/disk2] done quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 4 files @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 4 files 使用 quotacheck 就可以轻易的将所需要的数据给他输出了！但奇怪的是，在某些 Linux 版本中，不能够以 aquota.user(group) 来启动quota ，可能是因为旧版 quota 的关系， 所以就另外做了一个 link 文件按来欺骗 quota，这个动作非必要。（主要是学习这个思维很重要） -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# cd /disk2 [root@localhost ~]# ln -s aquota.user quota.user [root@localhost ~]# ln -s aquota.group quota.group @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 4 files 启动 quota 的限额： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# quotaon -avug /dev/hdb1 [/disk2]: group quotas turned on /dev/hdb1 [/disk2]: user quotas turned on ===> 看到turned on，才是真的成功！ @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 4 files 编辑使用者的可使用空间： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# edquota -u quser1 Disk quotas for user quser1 (uid 502): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Disk quotas for user quser1 (uid 502): 接下来要来设定宽限时间，还是使用 edquota -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# edquota -t Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users: time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds 使用`quota -v`来查询： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# quota -vu quser1 quser2 Disk quotas for user quser1 (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Disk quotas for user quser2 (uid 503): 编辑群组可使用的空间： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# edquota -g qgroup Disk quotas for group qgroup (gid 502): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard diff --git a/command/quotacheck.md b/command/quotacheck.md index 4d905aaae90..7dae5102c4b 100644 --- a/command/quotacheck.md +++ b/command/quotacheck.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ quotacheck === - + 检查磁盘的使用空间与限制 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ quotacheck ### 语法 -``` +```shell quotacheck(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：扫描在/etc/fstab文件里，有加入quota设置的分区； -d：详细显示指令执行过程，便于排错或了解程序执行的情形； -g：扫描磁盘空间时，计算每个群组识别码所占用的目录和文件数目； @@ -32,16 +32,15 @@ quotacheck(选项)(参数) 将所有的在`/etc/mtab`内，含有quota支持的partition进行扫描： -``` +```shell [root@linux ~]# quotacheck -avug quotacheck: Scanning /dev/hdb1 [/disk2] done quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 4 files - ``` 强制扫描已挂载的filesystem： -``` +```shell [root@linux ~]# quotacheck -avug -m ``` diff --git a/command/quotaoff.md b/command/quotaoff.md index c17127714c0..97c95f23344 100644 --- a/command/quotaoff.md +++ b/command/quotaoff.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ quotaoff === - + 关闭Linux内核中指定文件系统的磁盘配额功能 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ quotaoff ### 语法 -``` +```shell quotaoff(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：关闭在/etc/fstab文件里，有加入quota设置的分区的空间限制； -g：关闭群组的磁盘空间限制； -u：关闭用户的磁盘空间限制； diff --git a/command/quotaon.md b/command/quotaon.md index 74946597094..ca3e2e9d27b 100644 --- a/command/quotaon.md +++ b/command/quotaon.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ quotaon === - + 激活Linux内核中指定文件系统的磁盘配额功能 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ quotaon ### 语法 -``` +```shell quotaon(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：开启在/ect/fstab文件里，有加入quota设置的分区的空间限制； -g：开启群组的磁盘空间限制； -u：开启用户的磁盘空间限制； diff --git a/command/rcconf.md b/command/rcconf.md index 3eaf3503240..f3d60d7e74f 100644 --- a/command/rcconf.md +++ b/command/rcconf.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ rcconf === - + Debian Linux下的运行等级服务配置工具 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ Debian Linux下的运行等级服务配置工具 ### 语法 -``` +```shell rcconf(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell --help：打印帮助信息； --dialog：使用对话命令显示菜单； --notermcheck：不按照终端属性来设置窗口尺寸。 diff --git a/command/rcp.md b/command/rcp.md index 073c6c442f1..a6d1366d282 100644 --- a/command/rcp.md +++ b/command/rcp.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rcp ### 语法 -``` +```shell rcp(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -p：保留源文件或目录的属性，包括拥有者、所属群组、权限与时间； -r：递归处理，将指定目录下的文件与子目录一并处理； -x：加密两台Linux主机间传送的所有信息。 @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ directory 每个文件或目录参数既可以是远程文件名也可以是本 **将当前目录下的 test1 复制到名为 webserver1 的远程系统：** -``` +```shell rcp test1 webserver1:/home/root/test3 ``` @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ rcp test1 webserver1:/home/root/test3 **还可以在目的目录中包含文件名。例如，将文件复制到名为 webserver1的系统中：** -``` +```shell rcp test1 webserver1:/home/root/test3 ``` @@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ rcp test1 webserver1:/home/root/test3 **从远程系统复制文件：要将远程系统中的文件复制到本地目录下：** -``` +```shell rcp remote_hostname:remote_file local_fileEnter ``` **将远程系统 webserver1中的 test2 复制到当前目录：** -``` +```shell rcp webserver1:/home/root/test2 .Enter ``` @@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ rcp webserver1:/home/root/test2 .Enter 如果希望用新名称复制文件，请提供目标文件名。如果希望将 test2 复制到本地系统中的其他目录下，请使用以下绝对或相对路径名： -``` +```shell rcp webserver1:/home/root/test2 otherdir/ Enter ``` 或者，如果希望用其他文件名将文件复制到其他目录下： -``` +```shell rcp webserver1:/home/root/test2 otherdir/otherfile Enter ``` @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ rcp webserver1:/home/root/test2 otherdir/otherfile Enter 要将本地目录及其文件和子目录复制到远程系统，请同时使用 rcp 和 -r（递归）选项。 -``` +```shell rcp -r local_dir remote_hostname:remote_dir Enter ``` @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ rcp -r local_dir remote_hostname:remote_dir Enter **要将名为 work 的子目录完整地复制到 webserver1远程计算机中的主目录下名为 products 的目录，请键入以下内容：** -``` +```shell rcp -r work webserver1:/home/root/products Enter ``` @@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ rcp -r work webserver1:/home/root/products Enter 要将远程目录及其所有文件和子目录复制到本地目录，请在以下语法中使用 rcp 和 -r（递归）选项。 -``` +```shell rcp –r remote_hostname:remote_dir local_dir Enter ``` 要将名为 work 的远程目录复制到当前目录，请键入以下内容： -``` +```shell rcp –r webserver1:/home/root/work .Enter ``` diff --git a/command/read.md b/command/read.md index 1e71ad1e296..9916b662cf2 100644 --- a/command/read.md +++ b/command/read.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ read === - + 从键盘读取变量值 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ read ### 语法 -``` +```shell read(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -p：指定读取值时的提示符； -t：指定读取值时等待的时间（秒）。 ``` @@ -28,47 +28,47 @@ read(选项)(参数) 下面的列表给出了read命令的常用方式： -``` +```shell read 1987name 从标准输入读取输入并赋值给变量1987name。 ``` -``` +```shell read first last 从标准输入读取输入到第一个空格或者回车，将输入的第一个单词放到变量first中，并将该行其他的输入放在变量last中。 ``` -``` +```shell read 从标准输入读取一行并赋值给特定变量REPLY。 ``` -``` +```shell read -a arrayname 把单词清单读入arrayname的数组里。 ``` -``` +```shell read -p "text" 打印提示（text），等待输入，并将输入存储在REPLY中。 ``` -``` +```shell read -r line 允许输入包含反斜杠。 ``` -``` +```shell read -t 3 指定读取等待时间为3秒。 ``` -``` +```shell read -n 2 var 从输入中读取两个字符并存入变量var，不需要按回车读取。 ``` -``` +```shell read -d ":" var 用定界符“:”结束输入行。 ``` @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ read -d ":" var 从标准输入读取输入并赋值给变量1987name。 -``` +```shell #read 1987name #等待读取输入，直到回车后表示输入完毕，并将输入赋值给变量answer HelloWorld #控制台输入Hello @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ HelloWorld 等待一组输入，每个单词之间使用空格隔开，直到回车结束，并分别将单词依次赋值给这三个读入变量。 -``` +```shell #read one two three 1 2 3 #在控制台输入1 2 3，它们之间用空格隔开。 @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ one = 1, two = 2, three = 3 REPLY示例 -``` +```shell #read #等待控制台输入，并将结果赋值给特定内置变量REPLY。 This is REPLY #在控制台输入该行。 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ This is REPLY -p选项示例 -``` +```shell #read -p "Enter your name: " #输出文本提示，同时等待输入，并将结果赋值给REPLY。 Enter you name: stephen #在提示文本之后输入stephen @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ stephen 等待控制台输入，并将输入信息视为数组，赋值给数组变量friends，输入信息用空格隔开数组的每个元素。 -``` +```shell #read -a friends Tim Tom Helen @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ They are Tim, Tom and Helen. 方法1： -``` +```shell #!/bin/bash read -p "输入密码：" -s pwd echo @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ echo password read, is "$pwd" 方法2： -``` +```shell #!/bin/bash stty -echo read -p "输入密码：" pwd @@ -152,25 +152,25 @@ echo 输入完毕。 使用read命令从键盘读取变量值，并且将值赋给指定的变量，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell read v1 v3 #读取变量值 ``` 执行上面的指令以后，要求键入两个数据，如下所示： -``` +```shell Linux c+ #输入数据 ``` 完成之后，可以使用echo命令将指定的变量值输出查看，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell echo $v1 $v3 #输出变量的值 ``` 执行输出变量值的命令以后，将显示用户所输入的数据值，如下所示： -``` +```shell Linux c+ #输出变量值 ``` diff --git a/command/readelf.md b/command/readelf.md index 13714b5c1eb..a57d9a36a49 100644 --- a/command/readelf.md +++ b/command/readelf.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ readelf === - + 用于显示elf格式文件的信息 ## 补充说明 @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ elf文件头描述elf文件的总体信息。包括：系统相关，类型相 ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a --all 显示全部信息,等价于 -h -l -S -s -r -d -V -A -I. @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ elf文件头描述elf文件的总体信息。包括：系统相关，类型相 1)查看可执行程序的源代码如下：  -``` +```shell root@localhost [test]$ cat main.cpp #include using std::cout; @@ -138,14 +138,14 @@ void my_print() 2)编译如下：  -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ g++ main.cpp -o main [root@localhost test]$ g++ -g main.cpp -o main.debug ``` 3)编译之后，查看生成的文件：  -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ ls -l 总计 64 -rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart 6700 07-07 18:04 main @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void my_print() 1)查看库的源代码如下：  -``` +```shell //myfile.h #ifndef __MYFILE_H #define __MYFILE_H @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ void printInfo() 2)编译如下：  -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ g++ -c myfile.cpp [root@localhost test]$ g++ -shared -fPCI -o libmy.so myfile.o [root@localhost test]$ ar -r libmy.a myfile.o @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ ar: creating libmy.a 总计 44  -``` +```shell -rw-r--r-- 1 quietheart quietheart 2154 07-08 16:14 libmy.a -rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart 5707 07-08 16:08 libmy.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart 117 07-08 16:06 myfile.cpp @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ libmy.a libmy.so myfile.cpp myfile.h myfile.o **读取可执行文件形式的elf文件头信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -h main ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ ELF Header: **读取目标文件形式的elf文件头信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -h myfile.o ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ ELF Header: **读取静态库文件形式的elf文件头信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -h libmy.a File: libmy.a(myfile.o) ELF Header: @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ ELF Header: **读取动态库文件形式的elf文件头信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -h libmy.so ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ ELF Header: **查看可执行的elf文件程序头表信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -l main Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file) Entry point 0x8048580 @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ Section to Segment mapping: **查看目标文件的elf文件程序头表信息： ** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -l myfile.o There are no program headers in this file. ``` @@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ There are no program headers in this file. **查看静态库文件的elf文件程序头表信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -l libmy.a File: libmy.a(myfile.o) There are no program headers in this file. @@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ There are no program headers in this file. **查看动态库文件的elf文件程序头表信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -l libmy.so Elf file type is DYN (Shared object file) Entry point 0x550 @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ Section to Segment mapping: **查看一个可执行的elf文件的节信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -S main There are 29 section headers, starting at offset 0xca0: Section Headers: @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ Key to Flags: **查看一个包含调试信息的可执行的elf文件的节信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -S main.debug There are 37 section headers, starting at offset 0x88c8: @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ Key to Flags: **查看一个目标文件的elf文件的节信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -S myfile.o There are 15 section headers, starting at offset 0x204: @@ -524,11 +524,11 @@ Key to Flags: O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific) -``` +```shell **查看一个静态库文件的elf文件的节信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -S libmy.a File: libmy.a(myfile.o) There are 15 section headers, starting at offset 0x204: @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ Key to Flags: **查看一个动态库文件的elf文件的节信息：** -``` +```shell [root@localhost test]$ readelf -S libmy.so There are 27 section headers, starting at offset 0xad0: diff --git a/command/readonly.md b/command/readonly.md index 323806e2d2e..179f6dde438 100644 --- a/command/readonly.md +++ b/command/readonly.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ readonly === - + 定义只读shell变量或函数 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ readonly ### 语法 -``` +```shell readonly(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -f：定义只读函数； -a：定义只读数组变量； -p：显示系统中全部只读变量列表。 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ readonly(选项)(参数) 使用readonly命令显示系统中所有的已经定义的只读变量，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# readonly #显示只读变量 declare -ar BASH_VERSINFO='([0]="3" [1]="2" [2]="25" [3]="1" [4]="release" [5]="i686-redhat-linux-gnu")' declare -ir EUID="0" @@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ declare -ir UID="0" 对于只读变量而言，若用户对其值进行修改，则会立即报错。例如，使用该指令定义一个只读变量"test"，并且将其值初始化为"ok"，输入如下命令： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# readonly test='ok' #定义只读变量并初始化 ``` 那么当用户直接修改该只读变量时，就会被报错，如下所示： -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# test='my' #试图修改只读变量的值 -bash: test: readonly variable ``` diff --git a/command/reboot.md b/command/reboot.md index 6634f36df52..6fa207404d5 100644 --- a/command/reboot.md +++ b/command/reboot.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ reboot === - + 重新启动正在运行的Linux操作系统 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ reboot ### 语法 -``` +```shell reboot(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -d：重新开机时不把数据写入记录文件/var/tmp/wtmp。本参数具有“-n”参数效果； -f：强制重新开机，不调用shutdown指令的功能； -i：在重开机之前，先关闭所有网络界面； @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ reboot(选项) ### 实例 -``` +```shell reboot //重开机。 reboot -w //做个重开机的模拟（只有纪录并不会真的重开机）。 ``` diff --git a/command/reject.md b/command/reject.md index c28a60fdbbe..3d94ae753be 100644 --- a/command/reject.md +++ b/command/reject.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ reject === - + 指示打印系统拒绝发往指定目标打印机的打印任务 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ reject ### 语法 -``` +```shell reject(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -E：当连接到服务器时强制使用加密； -U：指定连接服务器时使用的用户名； -h：指定连接服务器名和端口号； diff --git a/command/rename.md b/command/rename.md index 2c44b83dee6..77c09e63335 100644 --- a/command/rename.md +++ b/command/rename.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ rename === - + 用字符串替换的方式批量改变文件名 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rename ### 语法 -``` +```shell rename(参数) ``` ### 参数 -``` +```shell 原字符串：将文件名需要替换的字符串； 目标字符串：将文件名中含有的原字符替换成目标字符串； 文件：指定要改变文件名的文件列表。 @@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ rename(参数) 将main1.c重命名为main.c -``` +```shell rename main1.c main.c main1.c ``` **rename支持通配符** -``` +```shell ? 可替代单个字符 * 可替代多个字符 [charset] 可替代charset集中的任意单个字符 @@ -51,26 +51,26 @@ rename main1.c main.c main1.c 字母的替换 -``` -rename "s/AA/aa/" * //把文件名中的AA替换成aa +```shell +rename "s/AA/aa/" * # 把文件名中的AA替换成aa ``` 修改文件的后缀 -``` -rename "s//.html//.php/" * //把.html 后缀的改成 .php后缀 +```shell +rename "s//.html//.php/" * # 把.html 后缀的改成 .php后缀 ``` 批量添加文件后缀 -``` -rename "s/$//.txt/" * //把所有的文件名都以txt结尾 +```shell +rename "s/$//.txt/" * # 把所有的文件名都以txt结尾 ``` 批量删除文件名 -``` -rename "s//.txt//" * //把所有以.txt结尾的文件名的.txt删掉 +```shell +rename "s//.txt//" * # 把所有以.txt结尾的文件名的.txt删掉 ``` diff --git a/command/renice.md b/command/renice.md index 4d2aa94965e..c70740c9fae 100644 --- a/command/renice.md +++ b/command/renice.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ renice === - + 修改正在运行的进程的调度优先级 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ renice ### 语法 -``` +```shell renice(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -g：指定进程组id； -p<程序识别码>：改变该程序的优先权等级，此参数为预设值。 -u：指定开启进程的用户名。 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ renice(选项)(参数) 将行程id为987及32的行程与行程拥有者为daemon及root的优先序号码加1： -``` +```shell renice 1 987 -u daemon root -p 32 ``` diff --git a/command/repquota.md b/command/repquota.md index 328620a35ff..e8d27d17ac0 100644 --- a/command/repquota.md +++ b/command/repquota.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ repquota === - + 报表的格式输出磁盘空间限制的状态 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ repquota ### 语法 -``` +```shell repquota(选项)(参数) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -a：列出在/etc/fstab文件里，有加入quota设置的分区的使用状况，包括用户和群组； -g：列出所有群组的磁盘空间限制； -u：列出所有用户的磁盘空间限制； @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ repquota(选项)(参数) 显示所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况 -``` +```shell repquota -a ``` diff --git a/command/resize.md b/command/resize.md index 615bc79cddf..c7a216c3de8 100644 --- a/command/resize.md +++ b/command/resize.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ resize ### 语法 -``` +```shell resize [-cu][-s <列数> <行数>] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -c 　就算用户环境并非C Shell，也用C Shell指令改变视窗大小。 -s <列数> <行数> 　设置终端机视窗的垂直高度和水平宽度。 -u 　就算用户环境并非Bourne Shell，也用Bourne Shell指令改变视窗大小。 @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ resize [-cu][-s <列数> <行数>] 使用 C shell -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# resize -c set noglob; setenv COLUMNS '99'; @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ unset noglob; 使用 Bourne shell -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# resize -u COLUMNS=99; LINES=34; @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export COLUMNS LINES; 设置指定大小 -``` +```shell [root@localhost ~]# resize -s 80 160 ``` diff --git a/command/restore.md b/command/restore.md index 66ded52b01d..328873703d8 100644 --- a/command/restore.md +++ b/command/restore.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ restore === - + 所进行的操作和dump指令相反 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ restore ### 语法 -``` +```shell restore(选项) ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -b<区块大小>：设置区块大小，单位为Byte； -c：不检查倾倒操作的备份格式，仅准许读取使用旧格式的备份文件； -C：使用对比模式，将备份的文件与现行的文件相互对比； @@ -35,19 +35,19 @@ restore(选项) ### 实例 -``` +```shell dump -9 -u -f /dev/hda3 /home/frank/ ``` 用restore命令来恢复备份： -``` +```shell restore rf /dev/hda3 /home/frank ``` 用restore命令来查看备份文件里的文件列表： -``` +```shell restore ft /dev/hda3 ``` diff --git a/command/restorecon.md b/command/restorecon.md index 312ca007520..4c398a108fa 100644 --- a/command/restorecon.md +++ b/command/restorecon.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ restorecon === - + 恢复文件的安全上下文 ## 补充说明 @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ restorecon ### 语法 -``` +```shell restorecon [-iFnrRv] [-e excludedir ] [-o filename ] [-f filename | pathname...] ``` ### 选项 -``` +```shell -i：忽略不存在的文件。 -f：infilename 文件 infilename 中记录要处理的文件。 -e：directory 排除目录。 @@ -30,38 +30,46 @@ restorecon [-iFnrRv] [-e excludedir ] [-o filename ] [-f filename | pathname...] 假设CentOS安装了apache，网页默认的主目录是`/var/www/html`，我们经常遇到这样的问题，在其他目录中创建了一个网页文件，然后用mv移动到网页默认目录`/var/www/html`中，但是在浏览器中却打不开这个文件，这很可能是因为这个文件的SELinux配置信息是继承原来那个目录的，与`/var/www/html`目录不同，使用mv移动的时候，这个SELinux配置信息也一起移动过来了，从而导致无法打开页面，具体请看下面的实例： -
/*使用CentOS举例,如果默认没有安装apache，确保网络连接，使用下面的命令安装*/
+使用CentOS举例,如果默认没有安装apache，确保网络连接，使用下面的命令安装
+
+```shell
 [root@jsdig.com ~]# yum install httpd
- /*我们在root的家目录新建一个html文件*/
+ # 我们在root的家目录新建一个html文件 
 [root@jsdig.com ~]# pwd
 /root
 
 [root@jsdig.com ~]# vi index.html
 
-/*随便输入一段文字，保存退出*/
+# 随便输入一段文字，保存退出 
 welcome to www.jsdig.com
 
-/*将这个文件mv到网页默认目录下*/
+# 将这个文件mv到网页默认目录下 
 [root@jsdig.com ~]# mv index.html /var/www/html/
 
-/*
- * 这个时候我们使用firefox浏览器输入127.0.0.1/index.html发现打不开，
- * 查看一下SELinux的日志文件，发现了下面这一段报错信息，从这个报错信息不难看出，
- * 进程httpd访问网页主目录中的index.html时被SELinux阻止，原因是因为，SELinux配置信息不正确,
- * 正确的SELinux配置信息应该是scontext=后面的部分，
- * 而index.html文件的SELinux配置信息却是tcontext=后面的部分，
- * 从tcontext=的第三段“admin_home_t”不难看出，这个文件的SELinux配置信息是root用户家目录的。
- */
+# 
+# 这个时候我们使用firefox浏览器输入127.0.0.1/index.html发现打不开，
+# 查看一下SELinux的日志文件，发现了下面这一段报错信息，从这个报错信息不难看出，
+# 进程httpd访问网页主目录中的index.html时被SELinux阻止，原因是因为，SELinux配置信息不正确,
+# 正确的SELinux配置信息应该是scontext=后面的部分，
+# 而index.html文件的SELinux配置信息却是tcontext=后面的部分，
+# 从tcontext=的第三段“admin_home_t”不难看出，这个文件的SELinux配置信息是root用户家目录的。
+# 
 type=AVC msg=audit(1378974214.610:465): avc:  denied  { open } for  pid=2359 comm="httpd" path="/var/www/html/index.html" dev="sda1" ino=1317685 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0 tclass=file
+```
+
+使用ls -Z也可以看出,文件和目录的SELinux信息不匹配
 
-/*使用ls -Z也可以看出,文件和目录的SELinux信息不匹配*/
+```shell
 [root@jsdig.com html]# ls -Z /var/www/html/
 .... unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0 index.html
 
 [root@jsdig.com html]# ls -Zd /var/www/html/
 .... system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 /var/www/html/
+```
+
+使用restorecon来恢复网页主目录中所有文件的SELinux配置信息(如果目标为一个目录，可以添加-R参数递归)
 
-/*使用restorecon来恢复网页主目录中所有文件的SELinux配置信息(如果目标为一个目录，可以添加-R参数递归)*/
+```shell
 [root@jsdig.com html]# restorecon -R /var/www/html/
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/rev.md b/command/rev.md
index b61f6d860b5..215fb536ce7 100644
--- a/command/rev.md
+++ b/command/rev.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rev
 ===
-
+
 将文件内容以字符为单位反序输出
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ rev
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rev(参数)
 ```
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ rev(参数)
 
 ### 实例  
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@localhost ~]# cat iptables.bak
 # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Thu Dec 26 21:25:15 2013
 *filter
diff --git a/command/rexec.md b/command/rexec.md
index 354500d7c67..efa31256294 100644
--- a/command/rexec.md
+++ b/command/rexec.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rexec
 ===
-
+
 运程执行Linux系统下命令 
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ rexec命令通过检查`$HOME/.netrc`文件（包含远程主机上使用的用
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rexec(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -a：表示远程命令的标准错误与标准输出相同，不支持发送任意信号到远程进程；
 -l<用户名>：指定连接远程rexec服务器的用户名；
 -p<密码>：指定连接远程rexec服务器的密码；
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ rexec(选项)(参数)
 
 要在一个远程主机上执行date命令，输入：
 
-```
+```shell
 rexec host1 date
 ```
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ date命令的输出现在显示在本地系统上。本示例中，在本地主
 
 要重设自动登录功能并执行远程主机上的date命令，输入：
 
-```
+```shell
 rexec -nhost1 date
 ```
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ rexec -nhost1 date
 
 列出远程主机上另一个用户的目录，输入：
 
-```
+```shell
 rexec host1 ls -l /home/karen
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/rlogin.md b/command/rlogin.md
index ae0b2318bbb..f2bae52d162 100644
--- a/command/rlogin.md
+++ b/command/rlogin.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rlogin
 ===
-
+
 从当前终端登录到远程Linux主机
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rlogin
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rlogin(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -8：允许输入8位字符数据；
 -e脱离字符>：设置脱离字符；
 -E：滤除脱离字符；
diff --git a/command/rm.md b/command/rm.md
index 71c54a87254..f54ab21f3ef 100644
--- a/command/rm.md
+++ b/command/rm.md
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ rm
 
 ### 语法
 
-```
+```shell
 rm (选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项
 
-```
+```shell
 -d：直接把欲删除的目录的硬连接数据删除成0，删除该目录；
 -f：强制删除文件或目录；
 -i：删除已有文件或目录之前先询问用户；
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ rm (选项)(参数)
 
 交互式删除当前目录下的文件test和example
 
-```
+```shell
 rm -i test example
 Remove test ?n（不删除文件test)
 Remove example ?y（删除文件example)
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Remove example ?y（删除文件example)
 
 删除当前目录下除隐含文件外的所有文件和子目录
 
-```
+```shell
 # rm -r *
 ```
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Remove example ?y（删除文件example)
 
 **rm 命令删除文件**
 
-```bash
+```shellbash
 # rm 文件1 文件2 ...
 rm testfile.txt
 ```
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ rm testfile.txt
 > -r 表示递归地删除目录下的所有文件和目录。
 > -f 表示强制删除
 
-```
+```shell
 rm -rf testdir
 rm -r testdir
 ```
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ rm -r testdir
 
 > rm -i [文件/目录]
 
-```
+```shell
 rm -r -i testdir
 ```
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ rm -r -i testdir
 
 > -f 选项（LCTT 译注：即 “force”）让此次操作强制执行，忽略错误提示
 
-```
+```shell
 rm -f [文件...]
 ```
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ rm -f [文件...]
 > 选项 -I，可保证在删除超过 3 个文件时或递归删除时（LCTT 译注： 如删除目录）仅提示一次确认。
 
 
-```
+```shell
 rm -I file1 file2 file3
 ```
 
@@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ rm -I file1 file2 file3
 > 当然，删除根目录（/）是 Linux 用户最不想要的操作，这也就是为什么默认 rm 命令不支持在根目录上执行递归删除操作。
 > 然而，如果你非得完成这个操作，你需要使用 --no-preserve-root 选项。当提供此选项，rm 就不会特殊处理根目录（/）了。
 
-```
+```shell
 不给实例了，操作系统都被你删除了，你太坏了😆
 ```
 
 **rm 显示当前删除操作的详情**
 
-```
+```shell
 rm -v [文件/目录]
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/rmdir.md b/command/rmdir.md
index fab3d243c43..0742bad8b94 100644
--- a/command/rmdir.md
+++ b/command/rmdir.md
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ rmdir
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rmdir(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -p或--parents：删除指定目录后，若该目录的上层目录已变成空目录，则将其一并删除；
 --ignore-fail-on-non-empty：此选项使rmdir命令忽略由于删除非空目录时导致的错误信息；
 -v或-verboes：显示命令的详细执行过程；
@@ -35,19 +35,19 @@ rmdir(选项)(参数)
 
 将工作目录下，名为 `www` 的子目录删除 :
 
-```bash
+```shell
 rmdir www
 ```
 
 在工作目录下的 www 目录中，删除名为 Test 的子目录。若 Test 删除后，www 目录成为空目录，则 www 亦予删除。
 
-```bash
+```shell
 rmdir -p www/Test
 ```
 
 下面命令等价于 `rmdir a/b/c`, `rmdir a/b`, `rmdir a`
 
-```bash
+```shell
 rmdir -p a/b/c
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/rmmod.md b/command/rmmod.md
index c5661693eb0..fc0f2c0284a 100644
--- a/command/rmmod.md
+++ b/command/rmmod.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rmmod
 ===
-
+
 从运行的内核中移除指定的内核模块
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rmmod
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rmmod(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -v：显示指令执行的详细信息；
 -f：强制移除模块，使用此选项比较危险；
 -w：等待着，直到模块能够被除时在移除模块；
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ rmmod(选项)(参数)
 
 用rmmod命令主要用于卸载正在使用的Linux内核模块，与`modprobe -r`命令相似，如下所示：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@localhost boot]# lsmod | grep raid1
 raid1                  25153  0
 
diff --git a/command/route.md b/command/route.md
index e6e3de9aabb..2cc5008d9a2 100644
--- a/command/route.md
+++ b/command/route.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 route
 ===
-
+
 显示并设置Linux中静态路由表
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ route
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 route(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -A：设置地址类型；
 -C：打印将Linux核心的路由缓存；
 -v：详细信息模式；
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ route(选项)(参数)
 
 ### 参数  
 
-```
+```shell
 Add：增加指定的路由记录；
 Del：删除指定的路由记录；
 Target：目的网络或目的主机；
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ dev：路由记录所表示的网络接口。
 
  **显示当前路由：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@localhost ~]# route
 Kernel IP routing table
 Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
@@ -77,26 +77,26 @@ Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
 
  **添加网关/设置网关：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0    #增加一条到达244.0.0.0的路由。
 ```
 
  **屏蔽一条路由：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 reject     #增加一条屏蔽的路由，目的地址为224.x.x.x将被拒绝。
 ```
 
  **删除路由记录：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 route del -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0
 route del -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 reject
 ```
 
  **删除和添加设置默认网关：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 route del default gw 192.168.120.240
 route add default gw 192.168.120.240
 ```
diff --git a/command/rpm.md b/command/rpm.md
index a7d93b79c5d..a039742c7b5 100644
--- a/command/rpm.md
+++ b/command/rpm.md
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ RPM软件包的管理工具
 
 ### 语法
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项
 
-```
+```shell
 -a：查询所有套件；
 -b<完成阶段><套件档>+或-t <完成阶段><套件档>+：设置包装套件的完成阶段，并指定套件档的文件名称；
 -c：只列出组态配置文件，本参数需配合"-l"参数使用；
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ rpm(选项)(参数)
 
 rpm软件包的安装可以使用程序rpm来完成。执行下面的命令：
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -ivh your-package.rpm
 ```
 
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ rpm -ivh your-package.rpm
 
 安装过程中可能出现下面的警告或者提示：
 
-```
+```shell
 ... conflict with ...
 ```
 
 可能是要安装的包里有一些文件可能会覆盖现有的文件，缺省时这样的情况下是无法正确安装的可以用`rpm --force -i`强制安装即可
 
-```
+```shell
 ... is needed by ...
 ... is not installed ...
 ```
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ rpm -ivh your-package.rpm
 
 方法一：
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -i your-package.src.rpm
 cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS
 rpmbuild -bp your-package.specs             #一个和你的软件包同名的specs文件
@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ make install
 
 方法二：
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -i you-package.src.rpm
 cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS
 ```
 
 前两步和方法一相同
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmbuild -bb your-package.specs       #一个和你的软件包同名的specs文件
 ```
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ rpmbuild -bb your-package.specs       #一个和你的软件包同名的specs文
 
 使用命令`rpm -e`包名，包名可以包含版本号等信息，但是不可以有后缀.rpm，比如卸载软件包proftpd-1.2.8-1，可以使用下列格式：
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -e proftpd-1.2.8-1
 rpm -e proftpd-1.2.8
 rpm -e proftpd-
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ rpm -e proftpd
 
 不可以是下列格式：
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -e proftpd-1.2.8-1.i386.rpm
 rpm -e proftpd-1.2.8-1.i386
 rpm -e proftpd-1.2
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ rpm -e proftpd-1
 
 有时会出现一些错误或者警告：
 
-```
+```shell
 ... is needed by ...
 ```
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ rpm -e proftpd-1
 
 使用工具rpm2cpio和cpio
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm2cpio xxx.rpm | cpio -vi
 rpm2cpio xxx.rpm | cpio -idmv
 rpm2cpio xxx.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories
@@ -145,19 +145,19 @@ rpm2cpio xxx.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories
 
 1、我的系统中安装了那些rpm软件包。
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -qa 讲列出所有安装过的包
 ```
 
 如果要查找所有安装过的包含某个字符串sql的软件包
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -qa | grep sql
 ```
 
 2、如何获得某个软件包的文件全名。
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -q mysql
 ```
 
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ rpm -q mysql
 
 3、一个rpm包中的文件安装到那里去了？
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -ql 包名
 ```
 
 注意这里的是不包括.rpm后缀的软件包的名称，也就是说只能用mysql或者mysql-3.23.54a-11而不是mysql-3.23.54a-11.rpm。如果只是想知道可执行程序放到那里去了，也可以用which，比如：
 
-```
+```shell
 which mysql
 ```
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ which mysql
 
 6、某个程序是哪个软件包安装的，或者哪个软件包包含这个程序。
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm -qf `which 程序名`    #返回软件包的全名
 rpm -qif `which 程序名`   #返回软件包的有关信息
 rpm -qlf `which 程序名`   #返回软件包的文件列表
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ rpm -qlf `which 程序名`   #返回软件包的文件列表
 
 注意，前一个问题中的方法，只适用与可执行的程序，而下面的方法，不仅可以用于可执行程序，也可以用于普通的任何文件。前提是知道这个文件名。首先获得这个程序的完整路径，可以用whereis或者which，然后使用`rpm -qf`例如：
 
-```
+```shell
 whereis ftptop
 ftptop: /usr/bin/ftptop /usr/share/man/man1/ftptop.1.gz
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ rpm 校验: SM5DLUGT -> size modified(类型/权限) md5 device L(文件路径)
 
 yum: 解决 rpm 依赖的问题
 
-```
+```shell
 # rpm
 mysql57-community-release-el6-8.noarch.rpm # 一个 rpm 包的例子
 /var/lib/rpm/ # 包全名 -> 包名 的数据库
diff --git a/command/rpm2cpio.md b/command/rpm2cpio.md
index cbc442b626e..f6779b31964 100644
--- a/command/rpm2cpio.md
+++ b/command/rpm2cpio.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rpm2cpio
 ===
-
+
 将RPM软件包转换为cpio格式的文件
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ rpm2cpio
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm2cpio(参数)
 ```
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ rpm2cpio(参数)
 
 ### 实例  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpm2cpio ../libstdc++-4.3.0-8.i386.rpm | cpio -idv
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/rpmbuild.md b/command/rpmbuild.md
index f9ce73e6f8d..05eebff9602 100644
--- a/command/rpmbuild.md
+++ b/command/rpmbuild.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rpmbuild
 ===
-
+
 创建RPM的二进制软件包和源码软件包
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rpmbuild
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmbuild(选项)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 --initdb：初始化RPM数据库；
 --rebuilddb：从已安装的包头文件，方向重建RPM数据库；
 -ba：创建二进制和源代码包；
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ rpmbuild(选项)
 
 ### 实例  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmbuild -ba 'spec文件路径'
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/rpmdb.md b/command/rpmdb.md
index 5a46383c68d..0094b468ada 100644
--- a/command/rpmdb.md
+++ b/command/rpmdb.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rpmdb
 ===
-
+
 初始化和重建RPM数据库
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rpmdb
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmdb(选项)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 --initdb：初始化RPM数据库；
 --rebuilddb：从已安装的包头文件，反向重建RPM数据库。
 ```
diff --git a/command/rpmquery.md b/command/rpmquery.md
index d7c2fd2b8b1..a0d8e5643e3 100644
--- a/command/rpmquery.md
+++ b/command/rpmquery.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rpmquery
 ===
-
+
 从RPM数据库中查询软件包信息
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rpmquery
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmquery(选项)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -qf：查询指定的文件所属的软件包；
 -q：查询指定的软件包是否被安装；
 -qc：查询软件包中的配置文件；
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ rpmquery(选项)
 
 使用rpmquery命令查询指定文件所属的软件包：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@localhost ~]# rpmquery -qf /usr/bin/htpasswd
 httpd-2.2.3-81.el5.centos
 ```
diff --git a/command/rpmsign.md b/command/rpmsign.md
index 2483f2a69de..b1e64b9f935 100644
--- a/command/rpmsign.md
+++ b/command/rpmsign.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rpmsign
 ===
-
+
 使用RPM软件包的签名管理工具
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rpmsign
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmsign(选项)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 --addsign：为自动软件包添加签名；
 --checksig：验证软件包签名；
 --delsign：删除软件包签名；
diff --git a/command/rpmverify.md b/command/rpmverify.md
index 3c4c46e9dfd..ea73775756a 100644
--- a/command/rpmverify.md
+++ b/command/rpmverify.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rpmverify
 ===
-
+
 验证已安装的RPM软件包的正确性
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rpmverify
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rpmverify(选项)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -Va：验证所有软件包；
 -V<软件包>f：验证指定软件包；
 --nomd5：不验证软件包的md5摘要。
diff --git a/command/rsh.md b/command/rsh.md
index 61e352cf397..20dcecd8311 100644
--- a/command/rsh.md
+++ b/command/rsh.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 rsh
 ===
-
+
 连接远程主机并执行命令
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ rsh
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 rsh(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -d：使用Socket层级的排错功能；
 -l<用户名称>：指定要登入远端主机的用户名称；
 -n：把输入的指令号向代号为/dev/null的特殊外围设备。
diff --git a/command/rsync.md b/command/rsync.md
index eb46597f9e8..6511badefce 100644
--- a/command/rsync.md
+++ b/command/rsync.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ rsync
 
 ### 语法
 
-```
+```shell
 rsync [OPTION]... SRC DEST
 rsync [OPTION]... SRC [USER@]host:DEST
 rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC DEST
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
 
 ### 选项
 
-```
+```shell
 -v, --verbose 详细模式输出。
 -q, --quiet 精简输出模式。
 -c, --checksum 打开校验开关，强制对文件传输进行校验。
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
 
 首先在服务端启动ssh服务：
 
-```
+```shell
 service sshd start
 启动 sshd： [确定]
 ```
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ service sshd start
 
 接下来就可以在客户端使用rsync命令来备份服务端上的数据了，SSH方式是通过系统用户来进行备份的，如下：
 
-```
+```shell
 rsync -vzrtopg --progress -e ssh --delete work@172.16.78.192:/www/* /databack/experiment/rsync
 work@172.16.78.192's password:
 receiving file list ...
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ total size is 100663363 speedup is 1024.19
 
 启动rsync服务，编辑`/etc/xinetd.d/rsync`文件，将其中的`disable=yes`改为`disable=no`，并重启xinetd服务，如下：
 
-```
+```shell
 vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
 
 #default: off
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ log_on_failure += USERID
 }
 ```
 
-```
+```shell
 /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
 停止 xinetd： [确定]
 启动 xinetd： [确定]
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ log_on_failure += USERID
 
 创建配置文件，默认安装好rsync程序后，并不会自动创建rsync的主配置文件，需要手工来创建，其主配置文件为“/etc/rsyncd.conf”，创建该文件并插入如下内容：
 
-```
+```shell
 vi /etc/rsyncd.conf
 
 uid=root
@@ -179,14 +179,14 @@ auth users=work
 
 创建密码文件，采用这种方式不能使用系统用户对客户端进行认证，所以需要创建一个密码文件，其格式为“username:password”，用户名可以和密码可以随便定义，最好不要和系统帐户一致，同时要把创建的密码文件权限设置为600，这在前面的模块参数做了详细介绍。
 
-```
+```shell
 echo "work:abc123" > /etc/rsyncd.passwd
 chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.passwd
 ```
 
 备份，完成以上工作，现在就可以对数据进行备份了，如下：
 
-```
+```shell
 rsync -avz --progress --delete work@172.16.78.192::www /databack/experiment/rsync
 
 Password:
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ total size is 150995011 speedup is 1533.75
 
 恢复，当服务器的数据出现问题时，那么这时就需要通过客户端的数据对服务端进行恢复，但前提是服务端允许客户端有写入权限，否则也不能在客户端直接对服务端进行恢复，使用rsync对数据进行恢复的方法如下：
 
-```
+```shell
 rsync -avz --progress /databack/experiment/rsync/ work@172.16.78.192::www
 
 Password:
diff --git a/command/runlevel.md b/command/runlevel.md
index 3346d2d4a2f..08b4fb3b3cc 100644
--- a/command/runlevel.md
+++ b/command/runlevel.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 runlevel
 ===
-
+
 打印当前Linux系统的运行等级
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ runlevel
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 runlevel
 ```
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ runlevel可以认为是系统状态，形象一点，您可以认为runlevel有
 
 在大多数的linux发行版本中，通常有8个runlevel：
 
-```
+```shell
 0 停机
 1 单用户模式
 2 多用户，没有 NFS
diff --git a/command/sar.md b/command/sar.md
index 93b2b9a97c7..57268fa1c5d 100644
--- a/command/sar.md
+++ b/command/sar.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 sar
 ===
-
+
 系统运行状态统计工具
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ sar
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 sar(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -A：显示所有的报告信息；
 -b：显示I/O速率；
 -B：显示换页状态；
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ sar(选项)(参数)
 
  **察看内存和交换空间的使用率：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 sar -r
 Linux 2.4.20-8 (www.jsdig.com)    20130503  
 12:00:01 AM kbmemfree kbmemused  %memused 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ kbmemfree与kbmemused字段分别显示内存的未使用与已使用空间，
 
  **观察系统部件10分钟，并对数据进行排序：** 
 
-```
+```shell
 sar -o temp 60 10
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/scp.md b/command/scp.md
index 0b142882d2d..40352e519ab 100644
--- a/command/scp.md
+++ b/command/scp.md
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ scp
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 scp(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -1：使用ssh协议版本1；
 -2：使用ssh协议版本2；
 -4：使用ipv4；
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ scp(选项)(参数)
 
  **从远处复制文件到本地目录** 
 
-```
+```shell
 scp root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz /opt/soft/
 ```
 
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ scp root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz /opt/soft/
 
 **从亚马逊云复制OpenVPN到本地目录** 
 
-```
+```shell
 scp -i amazon.pem ubuntu@10.10.10.10:/usr/local/openvpn_as/etc/exe/openvpn-connect-2.1.3.110.dmg openvpn-connect-2.1.3.110.dmg
 ```
 从10.10.10.10机器上下载openvpn安装文件到本地当前目录来。
 
  **从远处复制到本地** 
 
-```
+```shell
 scp -r root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/mongodb /opt/soft/
 ```
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ scp -r root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/mongodb /opt/soft/
 
  **上传本地文件到远程机器指定目录** 
 
-```bash
+```shell
 scp /opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/scptest
 # 指定端口 2222
 scp -rp -P 2222 /opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/scptest
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ scp -rp -P 2222 /opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/scptest
 
  **上传本地目录到远程机器指定目录** 
 
-```
+```shell
 scp -r /opt/soft/mongodb root@10.10.10.10:/opt/soft/scptest
 ```
 
diff --git a/command/screen.md b/command/screen.md
index 411909ec694..947d12b779d 100644
--- a/command/screen.md
+++ b/command/screen.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 screen
 ===
-
+
 用于命令行终端切换
 
 ## 补充说明
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ GNU's Screen 官方站点：http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
 
 ### 语法  
 
-```
+```shell
 # screen -AmRvx -[ls -wipe][-d <作业名称>][-h <行数>][-r <作业名称>][-s ][-S <作业名称>]
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -A 　将所有的视窗都调整为目前终端机的大小。
 -d <作业名称> 　将指定的screen作业离线。
 -h <行数> 　指定视窗的缓冲区行数。
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ GNU's Screen 官方站点：http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
 
 ### 常用screen参数  
 
-```
+```shell
 screen -S yourname -> 新建一个叫yourname的session
 screen -ls -> 列出当前所有的session
 screen -r yourname -> 回到yourname这个session
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ screen -d -r yourname -> 结束当前session并回到yourname这个session
 
 在每个screen session 下，所有命令都以 ctrl+a(C-a) 开始。
 
-```
+```shell
 C-a ? -> 显示所有键绑定信息
 C-a c -> 创建一个新的运行shell的窗口并切换到该窗口
 C-a n -> Next，切换到下一个 window 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ C-a ] -> paste，把刚刚在 copy mode 选定的内容贴上
 
 流行的Linux发行版（例如Red Hat Enterprise Linux）通常会自带screen实用程序，如果没有的话，可以从GNU screen的官方网站下载。
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# yum install screen
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# rpm -qa|grep screen
 screen-4.0.3-4.el5
@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ screen-4.0.3-4.el5
 
 安装完成后，直接敲命令screen就可以启动它。但是这样启动的screen会话没有名字，实践上推荐为每个screen会话取一个名字，方便分辨：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen -S david 
 ```
 
 screen启动后，会创建第一个窗口，也就是窗口No. 0，并在其中打开一个系统默认的shell，一般都会是bash。所以你敲入命令screen之后，会立刻又返回到命令提示符，仿佛什么也没有发生似的，其实你已经进入Screen的世界了。当然，也可以在screen命令之后加入你喜欢的参数，使之直接打开你指定的程序，例如：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen vi david.txt
 ```
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ screen创建一个执行vi david.txt的单窗口会话，退出vi 将退出该
 
 打开多个窗口后，可以使用快捷键C-a w列出当前所有窗口。如果使用文本终端，这个列表会列在屏幕左下角，如果使用X环境下的终端模拟器，这个列表会列在标题栏里。窗口列表的样子一般是这样：
 
-```
+```shell
 0$ bash  1-$ bash  2*$ bash  
 ```
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Screen默认会为窗口命名为编号和窗口中运行程序名的组合，
 
 你可以不中断screen窗口中程序的运行而暂时断开（detach）screen会话，并在随后时间重新连接（attach）该会话，重新控制各窗口中运行的程序。例如，我们打开一个screen窗口编辑/tmp/david.txt文件：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen vi /tmp/david.txt
 ```
 
@@ -133,19 +133,16 @@ Screen默认会为窗口命名为编号和窗口中运行程序名的组合，
 
 暂时中断会话
 
-!
 
 半个小时之后回来了，找到该screen会话：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen -ls
 ```
 
-!
-
 重新连接会话：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen -r 12865
 ```
 
@@ -153,13 +150,11 @@ Screen默认会为窗口命名为编号和窗口中运行程序名的组合，
 
 当然，如果你在另一台机器上没有分离一个Screen会话，就无从恢复会话了。这时可以使用下面命令强制将这个会话从它所在的终端分离，转移到新的终端上来：
 
-!
 
  **清除dead 会话** 
 
 如果由于某种原因其中一个会话死掉了（例如人为杀掉该会话），这时screen -list会显示该会话为dead状态。使用screen -wipe命令清除该会话：
 
-!
 
  **关闭或杀死窗口** 
 
@@ -175,7 +170,7 @@ Screen默认会为窗口命名为编号和窗口中运行程序名的组合，
 
 还有一种比较好玩的会话恢复，可以实现会话共享。假设你在和朋友在不同地点以相同用户登录一台机器，然后你创建一个screen会话，你朋友可以在他的终端上命令：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen -x
 ```
 
@@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ Screen允许使用快捷键C-a s锁定会话。锁定以后，再进行任何输
 
 在Screen会话之外，可以通过screen命令操作一个Screen会话，这也为使用Screen作为脚本程序增加了便利。关于Screen在脚本中的应用超出了入门的范围，这里只看一个例子，体会一下在会话之外对Screen的操作：
 
-```
+```shell
 [root@TS-DEV ~]# screen -S sandy -X screen ping www.baidu.com
 ```
 
@@ -203,15 +198,12 @@ Screen允许使用快捷键C-a s锁定会话。锁定以后，再进行任何输
 
 可以用C-a X快捷键关闭当前焦点所在的屏幕区块，也可以用C-a Q关闭除当前区块之外其他的所有区块。关闭的区块中的窗口并不会关闭，还可以通过窗口切换找到它。
 
-!
-
  **C/P模式和操作** 
 
 screen的另一个很强大的功能就是可以在不同窗口之间进行复制粘贴了。使用快捷键C-a 或者C-a [可以进入copy/paste模式，这个模式下可以像在vi中一样移动光标，并可以使用空格键设置标记。其实在这个模式下有很多类似vi的操作，譬如使用/进行搜索，使用y快速标记一行，使用w快速标记一个单词等。关于C/P模式下的高级操作，其文档的这一部分有比较详细的说明。
 
 一般情况下，可以移动光标到指定位置，按下空格设置一个开头标记，然后移动光标到结尾位置，按下空格设置第二个标记，同时会将两个标记之间的部分储存在copy/paste buffer中，并退出copy/paste模式。在正常模式下，可以使用快捷键C-a ]将储存在buffer中的内容粘贴到当前窗口。
 
-!
 
  **更多screen功能** 
 
diff --git a/command/sed.md b/command/sed.md
index 0c948200e20..b3981ed2e92 100644
--- a/command/sed.md
+++ b/command/sed.md
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ sed
 
  **命令格式** 
 
-```
+```shell
 sed [options] 'command' file(s)
 sed [options] -f scriptfile file(s)
 ```
 
 ### 选项  
 
-```
+```shell
 -e
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/template/header.ejs b/template/partial/header.ejs
similarity index 100%
rename from template/header.ejs
rename to template/partial/header.ejs
diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index 13e939a6fc2..dc9728eee75 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -183,10 +183,27 @@ a {
   color #616161
   font-size 14px
   font-weight 300
-  border-top: 1px solid #efefef;
-  padding-bottom: 50px;
-  &.footer_index {
-    border-top: 0
+  border-top 1px solid #efefef
+  padding-bottom 50px;
+  padding 31px 6px 50px 6px
+  &.home {
+    border-top 0
+  }
+}
+.header.home {
+  .header_inner {
+    display flex
+    flex-direction column
+    align-items center
+  }
+  .logo {
+    min-height 140px
+    display flex
+    align-items center
+  }
+  .search {
+    display flex
+    min-width 320px
   }
 }
 
@@ -209,9 +226,6 @@ a {
       width 136px
     }
   }
-  .footer {
-    display none
-  }
 }
 
 .search_list {
@@ -269,7 +283,7 @@ a {
   }
 }
 
-.header_inner, .hotlist {
+.header_inner, .hotlist, .search_list {
   max-width 920px
   margin 0 auto
 }
diff --git a/template/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs
similarity index 61%
rename from template/footer.ejs
rename to template/widget/footer.ejs
index 890b64a0a0b..d442a410688 100644
--- a/template/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-

+

   添加命令 |
   命令列表 |
   Chrome 插件 |
@@ -11,15 +11,9 @@
   Github |
   短地址：https://git.io/linux
   

-  收藏本站请使用Ctrl+D或者Command+d
+  收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d
   
 共搜集到
   
     <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
    个Linux命令
-

-
-
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
+

\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/template/search.ejs b/template/widget/search.ejs
similarity index 89%
rename from template/search.ejs
rename to template/widget/search.ejs
index c5e2d7fe2f6..9caa7068d17 100644
--- a/template/search.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/search.ejs
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 
-    
-        
-        logo
-        Linux Command Logo. https://github.com/jaywcjlove
-        
-        
-        
-    
+  
+      
+      logo
+      Linux Command Logo. https://github.com/jaywcjlove
+      
+      
+      
+  
 
-

-    

-        
 

\ No newline at end of file

From 740c78f67c3b5f22c03c29cd8494fba0f4f1cafa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 18:18:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0407/1052] website: update header style.

---
 template/styl/index.styl | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index dc9728eee75..b33e0ccfae5 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -212,6 +212,8 @@ a {
   position fixed
   width 100%
   background #fff
+  backdrop-filter saturate(180%) blur(0.4rem)
+  background-color hsla(0, 0%, 100%, .55)
   z-index 99
 }
 

From de5c60bd0aa22107f1d4b9a7efa28ae9010c302b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 20:54:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0408/1052] fix: Fix build script.

---
 build/build.mjs      | 31 +++++++++++--------------------
 template/details.ejs |  4 +++-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index 05d1e6baefa..949c84b96f2 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -158,42 +158,33 @@ const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css');
  function createTmpToHTML(fromPath, toPath, desJson, mdPath) {
   return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
     try {
-      let relative_path = '';
       const current_path = toPath.replace(new RegExp(`${deployDir}`), '');
       const tmpStr = await FS.readFile(fromPath);
       let mdPathName = '';
+      let mdhtml = '';
+      let relative_path = '';
       if (mdPath) {
         // CSS/JS 引用相对地址
         relative_path = '../';
         mdPathName = `/command/${desJson.n}.md`;
+        const READMESTR = await FS.readFile(path.resolve(mdPath, `${desJson.n}.md`));
+        mdhtml = await markdownToHTML(READMESTR.toString());
       }
       // 生成 HTML
       let html = ejs.render(tmpStr.toString(), {
         filename: fromPath,
         relative_path, // 当前文件相对于根目录的相对路径
         md_path: mdPathName || '',  // markdown 路径
+        mdhtml: mdhtml || '',
         current_path,   // 当前 html 路径
         describe: desJson ? desJson : {},   // 当前 md 的描述
-      }, { filename: fromPath });
+      }, {
+        filename: fromPath
+      });
 
-      if (mdPath) {
-        const READMESTR = await FS.readFile(path.resolve(mdPath, `${desJson.n}.md`));
-        const mdhtml = await markdownToHTML(READMESTR.toString());
-        html = html.replace(/{{content}}/, mdhtml);
-        await FS.outputFile(toPath, html);
-        console.log(`  ${'♻️  →'.green} ${path.relative(process.cwd(), toPath)}`);
-        // marked(READMESTR.toString(), (err, mdhtml) => {
-        //   if (err) return reject(err);
-        //   html = html.replace(/{{content}}/, mdhtml);
-        //   FS.outputFileSync(toPath, html);
-        //   console.log(`  ${'→'.green} ${toPath.replace(process.cwd(), '')}`);
-        //   resolve(html);
-        // });
-      } else {
-        await FS.outputFile(toPath, html);
-        console.log(`  ${'♻️  →'.green} ${path.relative(process.cwd(), toPath)}`);
-        resolve(html);
-      }
+      await FS.outputFile(toPath, html);
+      console.log(`  ${'♻️  →'.green} ${path.relative(process.cwd(), toPath)}`);
+      resolve();
     } catch (err) {
       reject(err);
     }
diff --git a/template/details.ejs b/template/details.ejs
index 8e3604993d7..bbd4e2a45f4 100644
--- a/template/details.ejs
+++ b/template/details.ejs
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 添加实例
 
 <% } %>
-{{content}}
+
+<%-mdhtml%>
+
 

 <%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %>
 <%- include('partial/footer'); %>
\ No newline at end of file

From 7991724c39532db5186dadd25bb981094bd65a3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 21:10:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0409/1052] Update .gitattributes

---
 .gitattributes | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index a59304dfbb0..518eefdd844 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 *.js linguist-language=html
 *.ejs linguist-language=html
+*.md linguist-detectable=true

From 600ab6f2c86a22829b9213c5237fa0cbcba0661a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 21:13:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0410/1052] style: update home page.

---
 template/index.ejs       |  2 +-
 template/styl/index.styl | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/index.ejs b/template/index.ejs
index fa15264bb68..3095891f069 100644
--- a/template/index.ejs
+++ b/template/index.ejs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <%- include('partial/header'); %>
-

+

 <%- include('widget/search',{type: "home"}); %>
 <%- include('widget/footer',{type: "home"}); %>
 

diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index b33e0ccfae5..c61b8283ea6 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ a {
   40%,80%{-webkit-transform:rotate(10deg);transform:rotate(10deg)}
 }
 
+.warpper {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  justify-content: center;
+  .footer {
+    padding-bottom: 280px;
+  }
+}
+
 .header {
   width 517px
   margin 0 auto 0

From 14e515027cb4bf1e1b30289ecbf02f39749bef57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 21:32:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0411/1052] Update apt-get.md

---
 command/apt-get.md | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/apt-get.md b/command/apt-get.md
index 035a1b057d5..c9189162f51 100644
--- a/command/apt-get.md
+++ b/command/apt-get.md
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ apt-get [OPTION] PACKAGE
 ###  选项
 
 ```shell
-apt-get install 安装新包
-apt-get remove 卸载已安装的包（保留配置文件）
-apt-get purge 卸载已安装的包（删除配置文件）
-apt-get update 更新软件包列表
-apt-get upgrade 更新所有已安装的包
-apt-get autoremove 卸载已不需要的包依赖
-apt-get dist-upgrade 自动处理依赖包升级
-apt-get autoclean 将已经删除了的软件包的.deb安装文件从硬盘中删除掉
-apt-get clean 删除软件包的安装包
+apt-get install  # 安装新包
+apt-get remove   # 卸载已安装的包（保留配置文件）
+apt-get purge    # 卸载已安装的包（删除配置文件）
+apt-get update   # 更新软件包列表
+apt-get upgrade  # 更新所有已安装的包
+apt-get autoremove   # 卸载已不需要的包依赖
+apt-get dist-upgrade # 自动处理依赖包升级
+apt-get autoclean    # 将已经删除了的软件包的.deb安装文件从硬盘中删除掉
+apt-get clean        # 删除软件包的安装包
 
 -c：指定配置文件。
 ```

From 3499e0aeab5a04fddb53b88f178288fe4f76b7fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 21:36:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0412/1052] Update bind.md

---
 command/bind.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/bind.md b/command/bind.md
index dc941506890..8a431ed9cb8 100644
--- a/command/bind.md
+++ b/command/bind.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ bind -x '"\C-l":ls -l'    #直接按 CTRL+L 就列出目录
 其中keyseq可以使用`showkey -a`命令来获取：
 
 ```shell
-[root@localhost ~]# showkey -a
+showkey -a
 
 Press any keys - Ctrl-D will terminate this program
 

From d655f90f69e12964677c2fcc4f5689c6f908dffe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2021 22:52:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0413/1052] Update chage.md

---
 command/chage.md | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/chage.md b/command/chage.md
index 532ea3dc697..158ec1758e4 100644
--- a/command/chage.md
+++ b/command/chage.md
@@ -54,42 +54,45 @@ CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes
 我的服务器root帐户密码策略信息如下：
 
 ```shell
-[root@linuxde ~]# chage -l root
-最近一次密码修改时间                    ： 3月 12, 2013
-密码过期时间                            ：从不
-密码失效时间                           ：从不
-帐户过期时间                           ：从不
+chage -l root
+
+最近一次密码修改时间                  ： 3月 12, 2013
+密码过期时间                         ：从不
+密码失效时间                         ：从不
+帐户过期时间                         ：从不
 两次改变密码之间相距的最小天数          ：0
 两次改变密码之间相距的最大天数          ：99999
-在密码过期之前警告的天数                ：7
+在密码过期之前警告的天数               ：7
 ```
 
 我可以通过如下命令修改我的密码过期时间：
 
 ```shell
-[root@linuxde ~]# chage -M 60 root
-[root@linuxde ~]# chage -l root
-最近一次密码修改时间                          ： 3月 12, 2013
-密码过期时间                                       ： 5月 11, 2013
-密码失效时间                                       ：从不
-帐户过期时间                                       ：从不
+chage -M 60 root
+chage -l root
+
+最近一次密码修改时间                  ： 3月 12, 2013
+密码过期时间                         ： 5月 11, 2013
+密码失效时间                         ：从不
+帐户过期时间                         ：从不
 两次改变密码之间相距的最小天数          ：0
 两次改变密码之间相距的最大天数          ：60
-在密码过期之前警告的天数                    ：9
+在密码过期之前警告的天数               ：9
 ```
 
 然后通过如下命令设置密码失效时间：
 
 ```shell
-[root@linuxde ~]# chage -I 5 root
-[root@linuxde ~]# chage -l root
-最近一次密码修改时间                          ： 3月 12, 2013
-密码过期时间                                  ： 5月 11, 2013
-密码失效时间                                  ： 5月 16, 2013
-帐户过期时间                                  ：从不
+chage -I 5 root
+chage -l root
+
+最近一次密码修改时间                  ： 3月 12, 2013
+密码过期时间                         ： 5月 11, 2013
+密码失效时间                         ： 5月 16, 2013
+帐户过期时间                         ：从不
 两次改变密码之间相距的最小天数          ：0
 两次改变密码之间相距的最大天数          ：60
-在密码过期之前警告的天数                 ：9
+在密码过期之前警告的天数               ：9
 ```
 
 从上述命令可以看到，在密码过期后5天，密码自动失效，这个用户将无法登陆系统了。

From f06f3aec9e6fbbbeb2f649228c8e46af722d4d1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Oct 2021 21:39:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0414/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.1.3 (#301)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 834fc2ba8fc..0b61494602f 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.1",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.3",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From da9769e3fed7822a67a53015334a76ebd05c29eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2021 14:20:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0415/1052] doc: Update cal.md

---
 command/cal.md | 16 +++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/cal.md b/command/cal.md
index b066e2715ed..0a82f254bf6 100644
--- a/command/cal.md
+++ b/command/cal.md
@@ -67,13 +67,15 @@ cal [ -mjy ] [ 月份 ] [ 年份 ]
 
 ```shell
 [root@localhost ~]# cal -3
-    十一月 2013           十二月 2013            一月 2014      
-日 一 二 三 四 五 六  日 一 二 三 四 五 六  日 一 二 三 四 五 六
-                1  2   1  2  3  4  5  6  7            1  2  3  4
- 3  4  5  6  7  8  9   8  9 10 11 12 13 14   5  6  7  8  9 10 11
-10 11 12 13 14 15 16  15 16 17 18 19 20 21  12 13 14 15 16 17 18
-17 18 19 20 21 22 23  22 23 24 25 26 27 28  19 20 21 22 23 24 25
-24 25 26 27 28 29 30  29 30 31              26 27 28 29 30 31  
+
+      九月 2021               十月 2021               十一月 2021
+日  一 二  三 四 五  六  日 一 二 三  四  五 六  日 一 二 三 四 五 六
+          1  2  3  4                  1  2      1  2  3  4  5  6
+ 5  6  7  8  9 10 11   3  4  5  6  7  8  9   7  8  9 10 11 12 13
+12 13 14 15 16 17 18  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  14 15 16 17 18 19 20
+19 20 21 22 23 24 25  17 18 19 20 21 22 23  21 22 23 24 25 26 27
+26 27 28 29 30        24 25 26 27 28 29 30  28 29 30
+                      31
 ```
 
 

From fdf14496bd27bb8479fde0c09a85ffe2b3cba321 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 11:20:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0416/1052] Update yum.md

---
 command/yum.md | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/yum.md b/command/yum.md
index e00a4e332f1..0b69f542bb2 100644
--- a/command/yum.md
+++ b/command/yum.md
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@ yum deplist package1               #查看程序package1依赖情况
 **清除缓存**
 
 ```shell
-yum clean packages       #清除缓存目录下的软件包
-yum clean headers        #清除缓存目录下的 headers
-yum clean oldheaders     #清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
+yum clean packages       # 清除缓存目录下的软件包
+yum clean headers        # 清除缓存目录下的 headers
+yum clean oldheaders     # 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
 ```
 
 **更多实例**
 
 ```shell
 # yum
-/etc/yum.repos.d/       yum 源配置文件
+/etc/yum.repos.d/       # yum 源配置文件
 vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo # 举个栗子: nginx yum源
 [nginx]
 name=nginx repo

From a1c4996bab23f5fe983bcd283d5769a71b23beaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Oct 2021 12:35:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0417/1052] chore: update .github/workflows/ci.yml

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1d465247e07..cc0e3616733 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ jobs:
       with:
         github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         publish_dir: ./.deploy
+        user_name: github-actions[bot]
+        user_email: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
         
     - name: Create Tag
       id: create_tag

From 36b14ae8175f8542ea1ac3262b023881bced6297 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Nov 2021 13:51:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0418/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.1.4 (#305)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 0b61494602f..aedcb1608c9 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.3",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.4",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From d5cd1ef1be6ae2b6fbfb5a26de1a8268b4a3dfc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Nov 2021 18:20:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0419/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.1.5 (#306)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index aedcb1608c9..19ffe2983ac 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.4",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.5",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From 0a14440e95999e04982cf6ee2421a025f569cafa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Danny 
Date: Thu, 11 Nov 2021 16:06:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0420/1052] Update rsync.md (#307)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

修正拼写错误
---
 command/rsync.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/rsync.md b/command/rsync.md
index 6cc20a4ab4e..9132b1ecb35 100644
--- a/command/rsync.md
+++ b/command/rsync.md
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
 --port=PORT 指定其他的rsync服务端口。
 --blocking-io 对远程shell使用阻塞IO。
 -stats 给出某些文件的传输状态。
---progress 在传输时现实传输过程。
+--progress 在传输时显示传输过程。
 --log-format=formAT 指定日志文件格式。
 --password-file=FILE 从FILE中得到密码。
 --bwlimit=KBPS 限制I/O带宽，KBytes per second。

From 077e5a8d50263adf80bb7a6feebb6c8975936a6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 2021 12:45:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0421/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.1.6 (#308)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 19ffe2983ac..74e7f86ac1b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.5",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.6",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From 75690fae1ec63b53257ca4f91fb60c8358c9dded Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=83=9F=E8=8D=89=E7=9A=84=E9=A6=99=E5=91=B3?=
 
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2021 22:16:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0422/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20ipcs=20=E5=91=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A4=20(#310)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

补充 `ipcs`命令的参数
---
 command/ipcs.md | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/ipcs.md b/command/ipcs.md
index 0ecaed35d44..86c51962719 100644
--- a/command/ipcs.md
+++ b/command/ipcs.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ipcs
 ===
 
-分析消息队列共享内存和信号量 
+分析消息队列共享内存和信号量
 
 ## 补充说明
 
@@ -15,11 +15,33 @@ ipcs(选项)
 
 ###  选项
 
+#### 资源选项
+
+```shell
+-a, --all 				显示全部(默认值)
+-q, --queues 			消息队列
+-m, --shmems 			共享内存
+-s, --semaphores 	信号量
+```
+
+#### 输出选项
+
 ```shell
--a：显示全部可显示的信息；
--q：显示活动的消息队列信息；
--m：显示活动的共享内存信息；
--s：显示活动的信号量信息。
+-t, --time 				显示最后一次操作时间
+-p, --pid 				显示创建者和最后一次操作者的PID
+-c, --creator 		显示创建者和拥有者的 userid, groupid
+-l, --limits 			显示对资源的限制
+-u, --summary			显示当前状态摘要
+--human 					以友好的方式显示大小(eg: 500K)
+-b, --bytes      	以字节为单位显示大小(仅影响`-l`选项)
+```
+
+#### 通用选项
+
+```shell
+-i, --id   	显示指定ID的资源
+-h, --help     	显示帮助文档并退出
+-V, --version  	显示版本信息并退出
 ```
 
 ###  实例
@@ -27,11 +49,15 @@ ipcs(选项)
 ```shell
 ipcs -a
 ------ Shared Memory Segments --------
-key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
-0x7401833d 2654208    root      600        4          0                       
-0x00000000 3145729    root      600        4194304    9          dest         
-0x7401833c 2621442    root      600        4          0                       
+key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
+0x7401833d 2654208    root      600        4          0
+0x00000000 3145729    root      600        4194304    9          dest
+0x7401833c 2621442    root      600        4          0
 0xd201012b 3080195    root      600        1720       2
 ```
 
+### 相关命令
+
+* `ipcrm`: 删除 IPC 资源
+* `ipcmk`: 创建 IPC 资源
 

From 68f672b97247a78d4b25c9bd90359b8e48ee45b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=83=9F=E8=8D=89=E7=9A=84=E9=A6=99=E5=91=B3?=
 
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2021 22:25:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0423/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0`IPCS`=E5=91=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A4=20(#311)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

刚才提交的内容, 使用了`tab`进行对其, 但是发现在 [页面显示](https://wangchujiang.com/linux-command/c/ipcs.html) 中, `tab`并没有对其, 故改为了空格对齐.
---
 command/ipcs.md | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/ipcs.md b/command/ipcs.md
index 86c51962719..180b656b255 100644
--- a/command/ipcs.md
+++ b/command/ipcs.md
@@ -18,30 +18,30 @@ ipcs(选项)
 #### 资源选项
 
 ```shell
--a, --all 				显示全部(默认值)
--q, --queues 			消息队列
--m, --shmems 			共享内存
--s, --semaphores 	信号量
+-a, --all         显示全部(默认值)
+-q, --queues      消息队列
+-m, --shmems      共享内存
+-s, --semaphores  信号量
 ```
 
 #### 输出选项
 
 ```shell
--t, --time 				显示最后一次操作时间
--p, --pid 				显示创建者和最后一次操作者的PID
--c, --creator 		显示创建者和拥有者的 userid, groupid
--l, --limits 			显示对资源的限制
--u, --summary			显示当前状态摘要
---human 					以友好的方式显示大小(eg: 500K)
--b, --bytes      	以字节为单位显示大小(仅影响`-l`选项)
+-t, --time        显示最后一次操作时间
+-p, --pid         显示创建者和最后一次操作者的PID
+-c, --creator     显示创建者和拥有者的 userid, groupid
+-l, --limits      显示对资源的限制
+-u, --summary     显示当前状态摘要
+--human           以友好的方式显示大小(eg: 500K)
+-b, --bytes       以字节为单位显示大小(仅影响`-l`选项)
 ```
 
 #### 通用选项
 
 ```shell
--i, --id   	显示指定ID的资源
--h, --help     	显示帮助文档并退出
--V, --version  	显示版本信息并退出
+-i, --id    显示指定ID的资源
+-h, --help      显示帮助文档并退出
+-V, --version   显示版本信息并退出
 ```
 
 ###  实例

From bd7b9fb154ab794b8ee6ea77224e3f6531eb6d47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 2021 19:12:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0424/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.2.1 (#314)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 74e7f86ac1b..d15ba960168 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.1.6",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.1",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From 3ac5325f5ea16cdfd41ec268368f25e505a6cf67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ghy <56125657+G-ghy@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 2021 19:13:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0425/1052] doc: Update setsebool.md (#313)

---
 command/setsebool.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/setsebool.md b/command/setsebool.md
index ded0b188bd2..45740ad8d95 100644
--- a/command/setsebool.md
+++ b/command/setsebool.md
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ setsebool [-P] 布尔值=[0|1]
 
 ###  实例
 
-允许vsvtp匿名用户写入权限：
+允许vsftp匿名用户写入权限：
 
 ```shell
 setsebool -P allow_ftpd_anon_write=1

From 573c24ce046631fa964538d32b9a700612926aaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 2021 21:17:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0426/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.2.2 (#315)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index d15ba960168..05a13e013b2 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.1",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.2",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From 29b890be8277446742a404127137ec4d287e4e18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Dec 2021 23:58:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0427/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.2.3 (#316)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 05a13e013b2..64260c6debb 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.2",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.3",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From 73ee65b6926f46dc4d9299e62105e69b06757b2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2021 13:44:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0428/1052] fix: fix copy button issue.

---
 template/details.ejs               | 12 ++++++++
 template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+)

diff --git a/template/details.ejs b/template/details.ejs
index bbd4e2a45f4..38f5febecd5 100644
--- a/template/details.ejs
+++ b/template/details.ejs
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 <%- include('partial/header'); %>
 <%- include('widget/search',{type: "list"}); %>
+
+
+
 

 <% if(md_path){ %>
 
diff --git a/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl b/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl
index 64d2f549bee..74cac5dfc5c 100644
--- a/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl
+++ b/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl
@@ -55,6 +55,50 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
   }
 }
 
+
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] {
+  position: relative;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .copied {
+  visibility: hidden;
+  display: flex;
+  position: absolute;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  color: #a5afbb;
+  top: 6px;
+  right: 6px;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  background: #e3e3e3;
+  padding: 6px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  transition: all .3s;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"]:hover .copied {
+  visibility: visible;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"]:hover .copied:hover {
+  background: #4caf50;
+  color: #fff;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"]:hover .copied:active,
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .active {
+  background: #2e9b33;
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .copied .octicon-copy {
+  display: block;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .copied .octicon-check {
+  display: none;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .active .octicon-copy {
+  display: none;
+}
+.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .active .octicon-check {
+  display: block;
+}
+
 .markdown-body .octicon {
   display: inline-block;
   fill: currentColor;

From b9678fdf7962404801dc20f3557660b4cfe31874 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2021 13:45:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0429/1052] chore: update data.json

---
 dist/data.json     | 2 +-
 dist/data.min.json | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json
index 07b3304cba1..78b8ec79223 100644
--- a/dist/data.json
+++ b/dist/data.json
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
   "ipcs": {
     "n": "ipcs",
     "p": "/ipcs",
-    "d": "分析消息队列共享内存和信号量 "
+    "d": "分析消息队列共享内存和信号量"
   },
   "iperf": {
     "n": "iperf",
diff --git a/dist/data.min.json b/dist/data.min.json
index a72297ed685..845b5670ce2 100644
--- a/dist/data.min.json
+++ b/dist/data.min.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"base64":{"n":"base64","p":"/base64","d":"base64 编码/解码文件或标准输入输出"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"将前台终端作业移动到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"bmodinfo":{"n":"bmodinfo","p":"/bmodinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"break":{"n":"break","p":"/break","d":"结束for，while或until循环。"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行bash内建命令。"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"创一个bz2文件压缩包"},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"解压缩指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接多个文件并打印到标准输出。"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录。"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 RTC 时间"},"clockdiff":{"n":"clockdiff","p":"/clockdiff","d":"检测两台linux主机的时间差"},"cmp":{"n":"cmp","p":"/cmp","d":"比较两个文件是否有差异"},"col":{"n":"col","p":"/col","d":"过滤控制字符"},"colrm":{"n":"colrm","p":"/colrm","d":"删除文件中的指定列"},"comm":{"n":"comm","p":"/comm","d":"按行比较两个已排序的文件。"},"command":{"n":"command","p":"/command","d":"调用并执行指定的命令"},"compress":{"n":"compress","p":"/compress","d":"使用Lempress-Ziv编码压缩数据文件"},"consoletype":{"n":"consoletype","p":"/consoletype","d":"输出已连接的终端类型"},"continue":{"n":"continue","p":"/continue","d":"结束本次循环，继续执行下一个for，while或until循环。"},"convertquota":{"n":"convertquota","p":"/convertquota","d":"把老的配额文件转换为新的格式"},"cp":{"n":"cp","p":"/cp","d":"将源文件或目录复制到目标文件或目录中"},"cpio":{"n":"cpio","p":"/cpio","d":"用来建立、还原备份档的工具程序"},"crontab":{"n":"crontab","p":"/crontab","d":"提交和管理用户的需要周期性执行的任务"},"csplit":{"n":"csplit","p":"/csplit","d":"将一个大文件分割成小的碎片文件"},"cu":{"n":"cu","p":"/cu","d":"用于连接另一个系统主机"},"cupsdisable":{"n":"cupsdisable","p":"/cupsdisable","d":"停止指定的打印机"},"cupsenable":{"n":"cupsenable","p":"/cupsenable","d":"启动指定的打印机"},"curl":{"n":"curl","p":"/curl","d":"利用URL规则在命令行下工作的文件传输工具"},"cut":{"n":"cut","p":"/cut","d":"连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上"},"date":{"n":"date","p":"/date","d":"显示或设置系统时间与日期"},"dd":{"n":"dd","p":"/dd","d":"复制文件并对原文件的内容进行转换和格式化处理"},"declare":{"n":"declare","p":"/declare","d":"声明变量，设置或显示变量的值和属性。"},"depmod":{"n":"depmod","p":"/depmod","d":"分析可载入模块的相依性"},"df":{"n":"df","p":"/df","d":"显示磁盘的相关信息"},"dhclient":{"n":"dhclient","p":"/dhclient","d":"动态获取或释放IP地址"},"dhcpd":{"n":"dhcpd","p":"/dhcpd","d":"运行DHCP服务器"},"dhcrelay":{"n":"dhcrelay","p":"/dhcrelay","d":"使用dhcrelay命令可以提供中继DHCP和BOOTP请求"},"diff":{"n":"diff","p":"/diff","d":"比较给定的两个文件的不同"},"diff3":{"n":"diff3","p":"/diff3","d":"比较3个文件不同的地方"},"diffstat":{"n":"diffstat","p":"/diffstat","d":"显示diff命令输出信息的柱状图"},"dig":{"n":"dig","p":"/dig","d":"域名查询工具"},"dircolors":{"n":"dircolors","p":"/dircolors","d":"置ls命令在显示目录或文件时所用的色彩"},"dirname":{"n":"dirname","p":"/dirname","d":"去除文件名中的非目录部分"},"dirs":{"n":"dirs","p":"/dirs","d":"显示目录堆栈。"},"disown":{"n":"disown","p":"/disown","d":"从当前的shell中移除作业。"},"dmesg":{"n":"dmesg","p":"/dmesg","d":"显示Linux系统启动信息"},"dmidecode":{"n":"dmidecode","p":"/dmidecode","d":"在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息"},"dnf":{"n":"dnf","p":"/dnf","d":"新一代的RPM软件包管理器"},"dnsdomainname":{"n":"dnsdomainname","p":"/dnsdomainname","d":"定义DNS系统中FQDN名称的域名"},"domainname":{"n":"domainname","p":"/domainname","d":"显示和设置系统的NIS域名"},"dos2unix":{"n":"dos2unix","p":"/dos2unix","d":"将DOS格式文本文件转换成Unix格式"},"dpkg-deb":{"n":"dpkg-deb","p":"/dpkg-deb","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包管理工具"},"dpkg-divert":{"n":"dpkg-divert","p":"/dpkg-divert","d":"Debian Linux中创建并管理一个转向列表"},"dpkg-preconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-preconfigure","p":"/dpkg-preconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中软件包安装之前询问问题"},"dpkg-query":{"n":"dpkg-query","p":"/dpkg-query","d":"Debian Linux中软件包的查询工具"},"dpkg-reconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-reconfigure","p":"/dpkg-reconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中重新配制一个已经安装的软件包"},"dpkg-split":{"n":"dpkg-split","p":"/dpkg-split","d":"Debian Linux中将大软件包分割成小包"},"dpkg-statoverride":{"n":"dpkg-statoverride","p":"/dpkg-statoverride","d":"Debian Linux中覆盖文件的所有权和模式"},"dpkg-trigger":{"n":"dpkg-trigger","p":"/dpkg-trigger","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包触发器"},"dpkg":{"n":"dpkg","p":"/dpkg","d":"Debian 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rar 压缩包中提取文件"},"unset":{"n":"unset","p":"/unset","d":"删除指定的shell变量或函数。"},"unzip":{"n":"unzip","p":"/unzip","d":"用于解压缩由zip命令压缩的压缩包"},"updatedb":{"n":"updatedb","p":"/updatedb","d":"创建或更新slocate命令所必需的数据库文件"},"uptime":{"n":"uptime","p":"/uptime","d":"查看Linux系统负载信息"},"useradd":{"n":"useradd","p":"/useradd","d":"创建的新的系统用户"},"userdel":{"n":"userdel","p":"/userdel","d":"用于删除给定的用户以及与用户相关的文件"},"usermod":{"n":"usermod","p":"/usermod","d":"用于修改用户的基本信息"},"usernetctl":{"n":"usernetctl","p":"/usernetctl","d":"被允许时操作指定的网络接口"},"users":{"n":"users","p":"/users","d":"打印当前主机所有登陆用户的名称。"},"uucico":{"n":"uucico","p":"/uucico","d":"UUCP文件传输服务程序"},"uupick":{"n":"uupick","p":"/uupick","d":"命令处理传送进来的文件"},"uuto":{"n":"uuto","p":"/uuto","d":"将文件传送到远端的UUCP主机"},"vdfuse":{"n":"vdfuse","p":"/vdfuse","d":"VirtualBox软件挂载VDI分区文件工具"},"vgchange":{"n":"vgchange","p":"/vgchange","d":"修改卷组属性"},"vgconvert":{"n":"vgconvert","p":"/vgconvert","d":"转换卷组元数据格式"},"vgcreate":{"n":"vgcreate","p":"/vgcreate","d":"用于创建LVM卷组"},"vgdisplay":{"n":"vgdisplay","p":"/vgdisplay","d":"显示LVM卷组的信息"},"vgextend":{"n":"vgextend","p":"/vgextend","d":"向卷组中添加物理卷"},"vgreduce":{"n":"vgreduce","p":"/vgreduce","d":"从卷组中删除物理卷"},"vgremove":{"n":"vgremove","p":"/vgremove","d":"用于用户删除LVM卷组"},"vgrename":{"n":"vgrename","p":"/vgrename","d":"使用vgrename命令可以重命名卷组的名称"},"vgscan":{"n":"vgscan","p":"/vgscan","d":"扫描并显示系统中的卷组"},"vi":{"n":"vi","p":"/vi","d":"功能强大的纯文本编辑器"},"vmstat":{"n":"vmstat","p":"/vmstat","d":"显示虚拟内存状态"},"volname":{"n":"volname","p":"/volname","d":"显示指定的ISO-9660格式的设备的卷名称"},"w":{"n":"w","p":"/w","d":"显示目前登入系统的用户信息"},"wait":{"n":"wait","p":"/wait","d":"等待进程执行完后返回"},"wall":{"n":"wall","p":"/wall","d":"向系统当前所有打开的终端上输出信息"},"watch":{"n":"watch","p":"/watch","d":"可以将命令的输出结果输出到标准输出设备，多用于周期性执行命令/定时执行命令"},"wc":{"n":"wc","p":"/wc","d":"统计文件的字节数、字数、行数"},"wget":{"n":"wget","p":"/wget","d":"Linux系统下载文件工具"},"whatis":{"n":"whatis","p":"/whatis","d":"查询一个命令执行什么功能"},"whereis":{"n":"whereis","p":"/whereis","d":"查找二进制程序、代码等相关文件路径"},"which":{"n":"which","p":"/which","d":"查找并显示给定命令的绝对路径"},"who":{"n":"who","p":"/who","d":"显示当前所有登陆用户的信息。"},"whoami":{"n":"whoami","p":"/whoami","d":"打印当前有效的用户ID对应的名称"},"write":{"n":"write","p":"/write","d":"向指定登录用户终端上发送信息"},"xargs":{"n":"xargs","p":"/xargs","d":"给其他命令传递参数的一个过滤器"},"xauth":{"n":"xauth","p":"/xauth","d":"显示和编辑被用于连接X服务器的认证信息"},"xclip":{"n":"xclip","p":"/xclip","d":"管理 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\ No newline at end of file

From f1f85e93682479875d5e31c719d9dd5207ea0b24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2021 13:46:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0430/1052] chore(deps): update dependency uglify-js to v3.14.4
 (#303)

Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot 
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 64260c6debb..7fb9c4af792 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",
-    "uglify-js": "3.14.2"
+    "uglify-js": "3.14.4"
   },
   "engines": {
     "node": "^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0"

From 0d1b1620db1ef294effb8669c1fb0afad3896ab3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2021 14:25:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0431/1052] style: update markdown style.

---
 build/build.mjs                    |    3 +-
 package.json                       |    2 +-
 template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl | 1046 +---------------------------
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1047 deletions(-)

diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index 949c84b96f2..ef04b022a75 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -204,12 +204,13 @@ function markdownToHTML(str) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     try {
       const stylStr = FS.readFileSync(stylPath, 'utf8');
+      const stylMD = FS.readFileSync(path.resolve('node_modules/markdown-to-html-cli/github.css'), 'utf8');
       stylus(stylStr.toString())
         .set('filename', stylPath)
         .set('compress', true)
         .render((err, css) => {
           if (err) throw err;
-          resolve(css);
+          resolve(`${stylMD.replace(/\n/, '')}\n${css}`);
         });
     } catch (err) {
       reject(err);
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 7fb9c4af792..5103dc8931e 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.3",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.4",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",
diff --git a/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl b/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl
index 74cac5dfc5c..eaad38c8ee9 100644
--- a/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl
+++ b/template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
 
 .markdown-body .edit_btn {
@@ -39,1053 +38,10 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
 }
 
 .markdown-body {
-  -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
-  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
+  margin-top: 0 !important;
   padding 90px 35px 30px 35px
   max-width 980px
-  margin 0 auto
-  color: #24292f;
-  background-color: #ffffff;
-  font-family: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";
-  font-size: 16px;
-  line-height: 1.5;
-  word-wrap: break-word;
   @media mq-mobile {
     padding: 70px 15px 30px 15px;
   }
 }
-
-
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] {
-  position: relative;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .copied {
-  visibility: hidden;
-  display: flex;
-  position: absolute;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  color: #a5afbb;
-  top: 6px;
-  right: 6px;
-  border-radius: 5px;
-  background: #e3e3e3;
-  padding: 6px;
-  font-size: 12px;
-  transition: all .3s;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"]:hover .copied {
-  visibility: visible;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"]:hover .copied:hover {
-  background: #4caf50;
-  color: #fff;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"]:hover .copied:active,
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .active {
-  background: #2e9b33;
-  color: #fff;
-}
-
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .copied .octicon-copy {
-  display: block;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .copied .octicon-check {
-  display: none;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .active .octicon-copy {
-  display: none;
-}
-.markdown-body pre[class*="language-"] .active .octicon-check {
-  display: block;
-}
-
-.markdown-body .octicon {
-  display: inline-block;
-  fill: currentColor;
-  vertical-align: text-bottom;
-}
-
-.markdown-body .octicon-video {
-  border: 1px solid #d0d7de !important;
-  border-radius: 6px !important;
-  display: block;
-}
-
-.markdown-body .octicon-video summary {
-  border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de !important;
-  padding: 8px 16px !important;
-  cursor: pointer;
-}
-.markdown-body .octicon-video > video {
-  display: block !important;
-  max-width: 100% !important;
-  padding: 2px;
-  box-sizing: border-box;
-}
-.markdown-body details.octicon-video:not([open])>*:not(summary) {
-  display: none !important;
-}
-.markdown-body details.octicon-video:not([open]) > summary {
-  border-bottom: 0 !important;
-}
-.markdown-body .octicon-video summary > svg + span {
-  margin: 4px !important;
-}
-
-.markdown-body h1:hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,
-.markdown-body h2:hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,
-.markdown-body h3:hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,
-.markdown-body h4:hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,
-.markdown-body h5:hover .anchor .octicon-link:before,
-.markdown-body h6:hover .anchor .octicon-link:before {
-  width: 16px;
-  height: 16px;
-  content: ' ';
-  display: inline-block;
-  background-color: currentColor;
-  -webkit-mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,");
-  mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,");
-}
-
-.markdown-body details,
-.markdown-body figcaption,
-.markdown-body figure {
-  display: block;
-}
-
-.markdown-body summary {
-  display: list-item;
-}
-
-.markdown-body a {
-  background-color: transparent;
-  color: #0969da;
-  text-decoration: none;
-}
-
-.markdown-body a:active,
-.markdown-body a:hover {
-  outline-width: 0;
-}
-
-.markdown-body abbr[title] {
-  border-bottom: none;
-  -webkit-text-decoration: underline dotted;
-  text-decoration: underline dotted;
-}
-
-.markdown-body b,
-.markdown-body strong {
-  font-weight: 600;
-}
-
-.markdown-body dfn {
-  font-style: italic;
-}
-
-.markdown-body h1 {
-  margin: .67em 0;
-  font-weight: 600;
-  padding-bottom: .3em;
-  font-size: 2em;
-  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(210,18%,87%,1);
-}
-
-.markdown-body mark {
-  background-color: #ff0;
-  color: #24292f;
-}
-
-.markdown-body small {
-  font-size: 90%;
-}
-
-.markdown-body sub,
-.markdown-body sup {
-  font-size: 75%;
-  line-height: 0;
-  position: relative;
-  vertical-align: baseline;
-}
-
-.markdown-body sub {
-  bottom: -0.25em;
-}
-
-.markdown-body sup {
-  top: -0.5em;
-}
-
-.markdown-body img {
-  border-style: none;
-  max-width: 100%;
-  box-sizing: content-box;
-  background-color: #ffffff;
-}
-
-.markdown-body code,
-.markdown-body kbd,
-.markdown-body pre,
-.markdown-body samp {
-  font-family: monospace,monospace;
-  font-size: 1em;
-}
-
-.markdown-body figure {
-  margin: 1em 40px;
-}
-
-.markdown-body hr {
-  box-sizing: content-box;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  background: transparent;
-  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(210,18%,87%,1);
-  height: .25em;
-  padding: 0;
-  margin: 24px 0;
-  background-color: #d0d7de;
-  border: 0;
-}
-
-.markdown-body html [type=button],
-.markdown-body [type=reset],
-.markdown-body [type=submit] {
-  -webkit-appearance: button;
-}
-
-.markdown-body [type=button]::-moz-focus-inner,
-.markdown-body [type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner,
-.markdown-body [type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner {
-  border-style: none;
-  padding: 0;
-}
-
-.markdown-body [type=button]:-moz-focusring,
-.markdown-body [type=reset]:-moz-focusring,
-.markdown-body [type=submit]:-moz-focusring {
-  outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
-}
-
-.markdown-body [type=checkbox],
-.markdown-body [type=radio] {
-  box-sizing: border-box;
-  padding: 0;
-}
-
-.markdown-body [type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
-.markdown-body [type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
-  height: auto;
-}
-
-.markdown-body [type=search] {
-  -webkit-appearance: textfield;
-  outline-offset: -2px;
-}
-
-.markdown-body [type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
-.markdown-body [type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-  -webkit-appearance: none;
-}
-
-.markdown-body ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
-  color: inherit;
-  opacity: .54;
-}
-
-.markdown-body ::-webkit-file-upload-button {
-  -webkit-appearance: button;
-  font: inherit;
-}
-
-.markdown-body a:hover {
-  text-decoration: underline;
-}
-
-.markdown-body hr::before {
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-  content: "";
-}
-
-.markdown-body hr::after {
-  display: table;
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-}
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-.markdown-body table {
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From 5abc713153d54c997b04335343e9b4631788b4da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2021 17:06:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0432/1052] chore(deps): update dependency markdown-to-html-cli
 to v3.2.5

---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 5103dc8931e..400c37592e7 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
     "ejs": "3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.4",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.5",
     "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
     "stylus": "0.55.0",

From 407ccdcdb5e50f5bde6a2490d5444250cf355c34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hetochao <39456622+hetochao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2021 10:43:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0433/1052] Update fold.md (#317)

---
 command/fold.md | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/fold.md b/command/fold.md
index a67358d0f15..c5a32ab53f7 100644
--- a/command/fold.md
+++ b/command/fold.md
@@ -25,4 +25,10 @@ fold(选项)(参数)
 
 文件：指定要显示内容的文件。
 
+###  示例
+
+```shell
+fold -w 5 filename
+```
+
 

From fae33d1521ad51bd2746d782f2b50196b0e6ced2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Segfault 
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2021 19:41:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0434/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=AD=A3=E4=BA=86chmod.md?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=E4=BD=8D=E4=BA=8E85=E8=A1=8C=E7=9A=84=E4=B8=80?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=A4=84=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=20(#323)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

`rw`权限的8进制等价数是6而不是5
---
 command/chmod.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/chmod.md b/command/chmod.md
index 132c0d528f9..0cdc60c051d 100644
--- a/command/chmod.md
+++ b/command/chmod.md
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ chmod a-w ./test.log
 # 当前用户具有所有权限，组用户有读写权限，其他用户只有读权限。
 chmod u=rwx, g=rw, o=r ./test.log
 # 等价的八进制数表示：
-chmod 754 ./test.log
+chmod 764 ./test.log
 # 将目录以及目录下的文件都设置为所有用户拥有读写权限。
 # 注意，使用'-R'选项一定要保留当前用户的执行和读取权限，否则会报错！
 chmod -R a=rw ./testdir/

From 131509eba1f99e290301232344bfc8155e09ccba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Segfault 
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 09:29:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0435/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=AD=A3=E4=BA=86=20`21-27`?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=E8=A1=8C=E7=9A=842=E5=A4=84=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=E5=B9=B6?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=B0=83=E6=95=B4=E4=BA=86=E6=A0=BC=E5=BC=8F=20(#324)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

##### 修改的错误

1. 去掉 `21` 行了 `-c` 选项的错误的长选项 `--chars` ，并将其追加到了23行后面
2. 去掉了 `23` 行的 *不可和-c选项一起使用*，因为两者可以一起使用

##### 调整的格式

1. 将 `21-24` 行一些行末的 `；。` 改为了 `。`
2. 将 `21-24` 行一些长选项的 `——` 改为了 `--`
3. `26-27` 行追加了句号

##### 谈不上错误但我感觉可能会给读者造成误解

1. 去掉了 `21-24` 行 `只显示` 的 `只` 字，因为这些参数可以一起出现并按 `行数 字数 字符数 字节数 最长行长度` 的顺序打印，而 `只` 字可能会让看的人产生误解，感觉这些参数只能单独互斥地使用
---
 command/wc.md | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/wc.md b/command/wc.md
index b09e9297bfb..3ca88383e11 100644
--- a/command/wc.md
+++ b/command/wc.md
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ wc [选项]... --files0-from=F
 ###  选项 
 
 ```shell
--c # 统计字节数，或--bytes或——chars：只显示Bytes数；。
--l # 统计行数，或——lines：只显示列数；。
--m # 统计字符数。这个标志不能与 -c 标志一起使用。
--w # 统计字数，或——words：只显示字数。一个字被定义为由空白、跳格或换行字符分隔的字符串。
--L # 打印最长行的长度。
--help     # 显示帮助信息
---version # 显示版本信息
+-c # 统计字节数，或--bytes：显示Bytes数。
+-l # 统计行数，或--lines：显示列数。
+-m # 统计字符数，或--chars：显示字符数。
+-w # 统计字数，或--words：显示字数。一个字被定义为由空白、跳格或换行字符分隔的字符串。
+-L # 打印最长行的长度，或--max-line-length。
+-help     # 显示帮助信息。
+--version # 显示版本信息。
 ```
 
 ###  参数 

From 548b5c8b02902260bb0a1b8a8bd5690cf4aa3319 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Segfault 
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 14:57:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0436/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=AD=A3=E4=BA=86find.md?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=20`27=E8=A1=8C`=20=E7=9A=84=E4=B8=80=E5=A4=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8B=BC=E5=86=99=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=20(#325)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

`expty` -> `empty`
---
 command/find.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/find.md b/command/find.md
index c482503d572..32c62653af0 100644
--- a/command/find.md
+++ b/command/find.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ find(选项)(参数)
 -ctime<24小时数>：查找在指定时间之时被更改的文件或目录，单位以24小时计算；
 -daystart：从本日开始计算时间；
 -depth：从指定目录下最深层的子目录开始查找；
--expty：寻找文件大小为0 Byte的文件，或目录下没有任何子目录或文件的空目录；
+-empty：寻找文件大小为0 Byte的文件，或目录下没有任何子目录或文件的空目录；
 -exec<执行指令>：假设find指令的回传值为True，就执行该指令；
 -false：将find指令的回传值皆设为False；
 -fls<列表文件>：此参数的效果和指定“-ls”参数类似，但会把结果保存为指定的列表文件；

From b2a3a7d81441657bce93f0d33e06199cedd71813 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yunbin Liu 
Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 16:16:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0437/1052] =?UTF-8?q?awk:=20=E5=8E=BB=E6=8E=89=20awk=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=84=9A=E6=9C=AC=E6=94=BE=E5=9C=A8=E5=8F=8C=E5=BC=95=E5=8F=B7?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E9=83=A8=E5=88=86=20(#326)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

因为 shell 会对双引号中的变量替换, 比如 $0 在执行 awk 前被展开, 所以一般会使用单引号
---
 command/awk.md | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/awk.md b/command/awk.md
index 2e28c63f0ca..a23eec09e6a 100644
--- a/command/awk.md
+++ b/command/awk.md
@@ -51,11 +51,10 @@ awk脚本是由模式和操作组成的。
 awk 'BEGIN{ print "start" } pattern{ commands } END{ print "end" }' file
 ```
 
-一个awk脚本通常由：BEGIN语句块、能够使用模式匹配的通用语句块、END语句块3部分组成，这三个部分是可选的。任意一个部分都可以不出现在脚本中，脚本通常是被 **单引号** 或 **双引号** 中，例如：
+一个awk脚本通常由：BEGIN语句块、能够使用模式匹配的通用语句块、END语句块3部分组成，这三个部分是可选的。任意一个部分都可以不出现在脚本中，脚本通常是被 **单引号** 中，例如：
 
 ```shell
 awk 'BEGIN{ i=0 } { i++ } END{ print i }' filename
-awk "BEGIN{ i=0 } { i++ } END{ print i }" filename
 ```
 
 ###  awk的工作原理 

From 9247813f439be3035b8341d7f48b47988f203908 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Jan 2022 13:06:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0438/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 48e58a9dd4d..303c834a127 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 
 [Web](#web-版本) | [微信小程序](#微信小程序版本) | [Dash](#dash-版本) | [Alfred](#alfred-版本) | [KDE/Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](#chrome-插件) | [命令行工具](#命令行工具)
 
-#### Web 版本
+### Web 版本
 
 [Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [Gitee Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Githack](https://raw.githack.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html) | [Statically](https://cdn.statically.io/gh/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html)
 
 扫描二维码移动端预览搜索，也可通过二维码下面链接地址打开使用，下面网站是通过 Github Action 自动更新。
 
-⚠️ [Gitee Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) 存在 `违禁违规` 内容问题 [#283](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/283)
+⚠️ [Gitee Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) 存在 `违禁违规` 内容问题 [#283](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/283)。
 
 [![Linux 命令大全](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1680273/123261718-ab585380-d529-11eb-86e1-e97cdcd78150.png)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/)
 
@@ -25,13 +25,19 @@
 
 [![Linux 命令大全](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1680273/123261829-ce830300-d529-11eb-8cea-a39059b972dd.gif)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/)
 
-#### 微信小程序版本
+你可以随意部署 web 版，这非常简单，只需要克隆 [`gh-pages`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/gh-pages) 分支代码到你的静态服务就可以了。你也可以将 [`command`](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/tree/master/command) 目录中的 Markdown 文件拿去自己生成 HTML。
+
+⚠️ 你们拿过去部署的静态网站，还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址，这样大家共同维护命令文档，让文档更加完善，更加丰富，当然你删除本站所有信息相关信息，其实我也不太在意，默认允许你们随意搞，我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份，可以将网址放到下面 :)。
+
+[`linux.devonline.net`](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`bqrdh.com`](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)
+
+### 微信小程序版本
 
 微信小程序版本，由 [**@Matz Yang**](https://github.com/MatzYang) 提供 [#260](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/260)。
 
 
 
-#### Chrome 插件
+### Chrome 插件
 
 可在[源码仓库](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews)预览效果，[Github下载 crx 文件安装](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 或者[开源中国下载 crx 文件安装](https://gitee.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews/releases) 也可通过 Chrome Web Store 下载：
 
@@ -39,19 +45,19 @@
 
 [![Chrome Web Store 下载](./assets/chrome-extensions.gif)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews)
 
-#### Alfred 版本
+### Alfred 版本
 
 [Alfred 版本下载](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases)， 下图是界面效果。 
 
 [![Linux 命令大全](./assets/alfred.png)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases)
 
-#### Dash 版本
+### Dash 版本
 
 由 [**@SHANG殇**](https://github.com/xinshangshangxin) 提供的 `Dash` 版本 [#91](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/pull/91)，可配合 `alfred` 玩耍，下载 [linux-command.docset.zip](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/linux-command.docset.zip) 文件解压，点击安装即可。
 
 [![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8779091/57193499-5b475d00-6f6e-11e9-879d-e7e8fdc40ced.gif)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases)
 
-#### 命令行工具
+### 命令行工具
 
 - [`@chenjiandongx/how`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/how) Python 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129)，由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供。
 - [`@chenjiandongx/pls`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/pls) Golang 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129)，由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供。

From c9701bc8b4056951358e6e6750f72f62b14d8bda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Jan 2022 13:21:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0439/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 303c834a127..04d92550b54 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 ⚠️ 你们拿过去部署的静态网站，还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址，这样大家共同维护命令文档，让文档更加完善，更加丰富，当然你删除本站所有信息相关信息，其实我也不太在意，默认允许你们随意搞，我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份，可以将网址放到下面 :)。
 
-[`linux.devonline.net`](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`bqrdh.com`](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)
+[`linux.devonline.net`](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`bqrdh.com`](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)
 
 ### 微信小程序版本
 

From 004523119f3dae4b9c6c5ac467302d1270a4eb3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: logicwang <1758555877@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Jan 2022 23:44:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0440/1052] Update grep.md (#327)

---
 command/grep.md | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/grep.md b/command/grep.md
index e6a2957c544..860c1c9e0be 100644
--- a/command/grep.md
+++ b/command/grep.md
@@ -119,6 +119,12 @@ line.
 grep -c "text" file_name
 ```
 
+搜索命令行历史记录中 输入过 `git` 命令的记录：
+
+```shell
+history | grep git
+```
+
 输出包含匹配字符串的行数  **-n**  选项：
 
 ```shell

From 635103a88cd3a1c76b3286b8d872d4c48bb65cab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 13 Feb 2022 23:12:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0441/1052] chore: update .github/workflows/ci.yml

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index cc0e3616733..51bab3ae200 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Generate Changelog
       id: changelog
-      uses: jaywcjlove/changelog-generator@v1.4.6
+      uses: jaywcjlove/changelog-generator@v1.4.8
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         filter-author: (小弟调调™|Renovate Bot)
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ jobs:
     - run: npm run dash
     - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
 
+    - name: Generate Contributors Images
+      uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors@main
+      with:
+        filter-author: (renovate\[bot\]|renovate-bot|dependabot\[bot\])
+        output: .deploy/CONTRIBUTORS.svg
+        avatarSize: 42
+
     - run: npm install @jsdevtools/npm-publish -g
     - run: npm-publish --token="${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}" ./package.json
 
@@ -40,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         
     - name: Create Tag
       id: create_tag
-      uses: jaywcjlove/create-tag-action@v1.2.1
+      uses: jaywcjlove/create-tag-action@v1.3.5
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         package-path: ./package.json

From c3a24f2a316e5ef4e21c7a340f43d0b3f77799c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 13 Feb 2022 23:16:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0442/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 04d92550b54..39f42cac71d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -253,3 +253,17 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命
 [![小弟调调™](https://github.com/jaywcjlove.png?size=100)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove) | [![ZhuangZhu-74](https://github.com/ZhuangZhu-74.png?size=100)](https://github.com/ZhuangZhu-74) | [![Huck Huang](https://github.com/huckhuang.png?size=100)](https://github.com/huckhuang)
 ---|---|---
 [小弟调调™](http://wangchujiang.com) | [ZhuangZhu-74](https://github.com/ZhuangZhu-74) | [Huck Huang](https://github.com/huckhuang)
+
+## Contributors
+
+As always, thanks to our amazing contributors!
+
+
+  
+
+
+Made with [github-action-contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors).
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under the MIT License.
\ No newline at end of file

From bc49f6f7e74487940b71f8fc815a796444b906ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 10:44:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0443/1052] feat: Add contributors pages.

---
 build/build.mjs            | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 template/contributors.ejs  |  8 ++++++++
 template/styl/index.styl   |  9 ++++++++-
 template/widget/footer.ejs |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 template/contributors.ejs

diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index ef04b022a75..c8aaa2ddce7 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const rootIndexJSPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'index.js'
 const dataJsonPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.json');
 const dataJsonMinPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.min.json');
 const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css');
+const contributorsPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
 
 ;(async () => {
   try {
@@ -71,6 +72,24 @@ const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css');
         command_length: jsonData.data.length
       }
     );
+
+    let svgStr = '';
+    if (FS.existsSync(contributorsPath)) {
+      svgStr = (await FS.readFile(contributorsPath)).toString();
+    }
+
+    await createTmpToHTML(
+      path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'contributors.ejs'),
+      path.resolve(deployDir, 'contributors.html'),
+      {
+        p: '/contributors.html',
+        n: '搜索',
+        d: '最专业的Linux命令大全，命令搜索引擎，内容包含Linux命令手册、详解、学习，值得收藏的Linux命令速查手册。',
+        arr: jsonData.data,
+        command_length: jsonData.data.length,
+        contributors: svgStr,
+      }
+    );
     
     await Promise.all(jsonData.data.map(async (item, idx) => {
       item.command_length = jsonData.data.length;
diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfdb75dbd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<%- include('partial/header'); %>
+<%- include('widget/search',{type: "list"}); %>
+

+  
Contributors

+  
<%=describe.contributors ? describe.contributors : '' %>

+

+<%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %>
+<%- include('partial/footer'); %>
diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index c61b8283ea6..7548edc80cc 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -295,11 +295,18 @@ a {
   }
 }
 
-.header_inner, .hotlist, .search_list {
+.header_inner, .hotlist, .search_list, .contributors {
   max-width 920px
   margin 0 auto
 }
 
+.contributors {
+  padding 79px 27px 
+  a {
+    font-weight: bold;
+  }
+}
+
 @media mq-mobile {
   .header{
     width inherit
diff --git a/template/widget/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs
index d442a410688..a749792631c 100644
--- a/template/widget/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@
   
 共搜集到
   
     <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
-   个Linux命令
+   个Linux命令，超过 50+ 的贡献者
 

\ No newline at end of file

From cabc3b036a305f69580ea3280f6b407149b339f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 10:50:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0444/1052] fix: Fixed reading issue with CONTRIBUTORS.svg
 file.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 14 +++++++-------
 build/build.mjs          |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 51bab3ae200..a46ff895af3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -21,19 +21,19 @@ jobs:
         filter-author: (小弟调调™|Renovate Bot)
         filter: (^[\s]+?[R|r]elease)|(^[R|r]elease)
 
-
-    - run: npm install
-    - run: npm run build
-    - run: npm run dash
-    - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
-
     - name: Generate Contributors Images
       uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors@main
       with:
         filter-author: (renovate\[bot\]|renovate-bot|dependabot\[bot\])
-        output: .deploy/CONTRIBUTORS.svg
+        output: CONTRIBUTORS.svg
         avatarSize: 42
 
+    - run: npm install
+    - run: npm run build
+    - run: npm run dash
+    - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
+    - run: cp -rp CONTRIBUTORS.svg .deploy/
+
     - run: npm install @jsdevtools/npm-publish -g
     - run: npm-publish --token="${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}" ./package.json
 
diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index c8aaa2ddce7..cec0024695f 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const rootIndexJSPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'index.js'
 const dataJsonPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.json');
 const dataJsonMinPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.min.json');
 const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css');
-const contributorsPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
+const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
 
 ;(async () => {
   try {

From e19ed19e8fa44b2c7358583bcc1787656fefed4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 10:57:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0445/1052] fix: Fix template/contributors.ejs issue.

---
 template/contributors.ejs  | 5 ++++-
 template/widget/footer.ejs | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index cfdb75dbd4c..66dca26ab5b 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 <%- include('widget/search',{type: "list"}); %>
 

   
Contributors

-  
<%=describe.contributors ? describe.contributors : '' %>

+  
<%-describe.contributors ? describe.contributors : '' %>

+  

+    数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用github-action-contributors创建。
+  

 

 <%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %>
 <%- include('partial/footer'); %>
diff --git a/template/widget/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs
index a749792631c..3fbc6d6ac19 100644
--- a/template/widget/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@
   
 共搜集到
   
     <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
-   个Linux命令，超过 50+ 的贡献者
+   个Linux命令，超过 50+ 贡献者
 

\ No newline at end of file

From f708e394049895949dc44542853b239f30aff0e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 11:03:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0446/1052] website: update website style.

---
 template/styl/index.styl | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index 7548edc80cc..dcde15b46ed 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -301,7 +301,8 @@ a {
 }
 
 .contributors {
-  padding 79px 27px 
+  padding 79px 27px
+  font-size: 16px
   a {
     font-weight: bold;
   }

From bb4d67a71b053c44a96cb96269d658d548853fcc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 11:19:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0447/1052] website: update website style.

---
 template/styl/index.styl | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index dcde15b46ed..10c811a16b9 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -302,7 +302,14 @@ a {
 
 .contributors {
   padding 79px 27px
-  font-size: 16px
+  max-width: 960px;
+  margin: 28px auto 60px auto;
+  color: #24292f;
+  background-color: #ffffff;
+  font-family: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";
+  font-size: 16px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
   a {
     font-weight: bold;
   }

From 94ed285caa5afa3527c0e82d67635901359bc853 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 13:58:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0448/1052] website: update website style.

---
 template/styl/index.styl | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index 10c811a16b9..4a26bc9270d 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -303,7 +303,6 @@ a {
 .contributors {
   padding 79px 27px
   max-width: 960px;
-  margin: 28px auto 60px auto;
   color: #24292f;
   background-color: #ffffff;
   font-family: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";

From a78e4a0cda07ec95c84a1eb25f12f145cc7f405d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marnm <2461590502@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Feb 2022 21:42:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0449/1052] Update nmcli.md (#333)

---
 command/nmcli.md | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/nmcli.md b/command/nmcli.md
index 6258e3a6cc0..ccf4cf5bcb6 100644
--- a/command/nmcli.md
+++ b/command/nmcli.md
@@ -53,3 +53,14 @@ nmcli con add help              # 查看帮助
 
 ```
 
+### 创建网络会话
+```shell
+nmcli connection add con-name company ifname ens33 autoconnect no type ethernet ip4 192.168.1.2/24 gw4 192.168.1.1
+# con-name 指定会话名称，
+# ifname 指定本机网卡
+# autoconnect no 是否自动连接
+# ethernet 指定网卡类型
+# ip4/ip6
+# gw4/gw5
+```
+

From 710a833cf3d76fb4214ace3f03598a1e086e27f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Feb 2022 21:43:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0450/1052] Update nmcli.md

---
 command/nmcli.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/command/nmcli.md b/command/nmcli.md
index ccf4cf5bcb6..1a30fdf2ca5 100644
--- a/command/nmcli.md
+++ b/command/nmcli.md
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ nmcli con add help              # 查看帮助
 ```
 
 ### 创建网络会话
+
 ```shell
 nmcli connection add con-name company ifname ens33 autoconnect no type ethernet ip4 192.168.1.2/24 gw4 192.168.1.1
 # con-name 指定会话名称，

From a49d92b298cba5f12774fd118a8008e40233a6fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Feb 2022 02:23:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0451/1052] Update nmcli.md

---
 command/nmcli.md | 20 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/nmcli.md b/command/nmcli.md
index 1a30fdf2ca5..f340f7ed2a2 100644
--- a/command/nmcli.md
+++ b/command/nmcli.md
@@ -40,16 +40,16 @@ OBJECT
 ###  实例
 
 ```shell
-nmcli connection show           # 查看当前连接状态
-nmcli connection reload         # 重启服务
-nmcli connection show -active   # 显示活动的连接
-nmcli connection show "lan eth0"# 显示指定一个网络连接配置
-nmcli device status             # 显示设备状态
-nmcli device show eno16777736   # 显示指定接口属性
-nmcli device show               # 显示全部接口属性
-nmcli con up static             # 启用static连接配置
-nmcli con up default            # 启用default连接配置 
-nmcli con add help              # 查看帮助
+nmcli connection show            # 查看当前连接状态
+nmcli connection reload          # 重启服务
+nmcli connection show -active    # 显示活动的连接
+nmcli connection show "lan eth0" # 显示指定一个网络连接配置
+nmcli device status              # 显示设备状态
+nmcli device show eno16777736    # 显示指定接口属性
+nmcli device show                # 显示全部接口属性
+nmcli con up static              # 启用static连接配置
+nmcli con up default             # 启用default连接配置 
+nmcli con add help               # 查看帮助
 
 ```
 

From 5cf755b37b8df126d54d5706a15084883a5fd2a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Feb 2022 17:09:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0452/1052] Update ln.md

---
 command/ln.md | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/ln.md b/command/ln.md
index 264d059d7e4..f1afe832443 100644
--- a/command/ln.md
+++ b/command/ln.md
@@ -21,22 +21,22 @@ ln [选项]... [-T] 目标 链接名	(第一种格式)
 ###  选项
 
 ```shell
-    --backup[=CONTROL]  为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份文件
--b        类似--backup，但不接受任何参数
--d, -F, --directory   创建指向目录的硬链接(只适用于超级用户)
--f, --force     强行删除任何已存在的目标文件
--i, --interactive           覆盖既有文件之前先询问用户
--L, --logical               取消引用作为符号链接的目标
--n, --no-dereference        把符号链接的目的目录视为一般文件
--P, --physical              直接将硬链接到符号链接
--r, --relative              创建相对于链接位置的符号链接
--s, --symbolic              对源文件建立符号链接，而非硬链接
--S, --suffix=SUFFIX         用"-b"参数备份目标文件后，备份文件的字尾会被加上一个备份字符串，预设的备份字符串是符号“~”，用户可通过“-S”参数来改变它
--t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY  指定要在其中创建链接的DIRECTORY
--T, --no-target-directory   将“LINK_NAME”视为常规文件
--v, --verbose               打印每个链接文件的名称
-    --help    显示此帮助信息并退出
-    --version   显示版本信息并退出
+--backup[=CONTROL]      # 为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份文件
+-b                      # 类似--backup，但不接受任何参数
+-d, -F, --directory         # 创建指向目录的硬链接(只适用于超级用户)
+-f, --force                 # 强行删除任何已存在的目标文件
+-i, --interactive           # 覆盖既有文件之前先询问用户
+-L, --logical               # 取消引用作为符号链接的目标
+-n, --no-dereference        # 把符号链接的目的目录视为一般文件
+-P, --physical              # 直接将硬链接到符号链接
+-r, --relative              # 创建相对于链接位置的符号链接
+-s, --symbolic              # 对源文件建立符号链接，而非硬链接
+-S, --suffix=SUFFIX         # 用"-b"参数备份目标文件后，备份文件的字尾会被加上一个备份字符串，预设的备份字符串是符号“~”，用户可通过“-S”参数来改变它
+-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY # 指定要在其中创建链接的DIRECTORY
+-T, --no-target-directory   # 将“LINK_NAME”视为常规文件
+-v, --verbose               # 打印每个链接文件的名称
+--help      # 显示此帮助信息并退出
+--version   # 显示版本信息并退出
 ```
 
 ###  参数
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ simple, never   # 永远使用普通方式备份
 
 ###  实例
 
-将目录`/usr/mengqc/mub1`下的文件m2.c链接到目录`/usr/liu`下的文件a2.c
+将目录`/usr/mengqc/mub1` 下的文件 m2.c 链接到目录 `/usr/liu` 下的文件 a2.c
 
 ```shell
 cd /usr/mengqc
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ ln /mub1/m2.c /usr/liu/a2.c
 
 在执行ln命令之前，目录`/usr/liu`中不存在a2.c文件。执行ln之后，在`/usr/liu`目录中才有a2.c这一项，表明m2.c和a2.c链接起来（注意，二者在物理上是同一文件），利用`ls -l`命令可以看到链接数的变化。
 
+**创建软链接**
+
 在目录`/usr/liu`下建立一个符号链接文件abc，使它指向目录`/usr/mengqc/mub1`
 
 ```shell
@@ -70,6 +72,27 @@ ln -s /usr/mengqc/mub1 /usr/liu/abc
 
 执行该命令后，`/usr/mengqc/mub1`代表的路径将存放在名为`/usr/liu/abc`的文件中。
 
+**创建硬链接**
+
+给文件创建硬链接，为 `log2022.log` 创建硬链接 `ln2022`，`log2022.log` 与 `ln2022` 的各项属性相同
+
+```shell
+ln log2022.log ln2022
+```
+
+输出：
+
+```
+[root@localhost test]# ll
+lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     11 12-07 16:01 link2013 -> log2022.log
+-rw-r--r-- 1 root bin      61 11-13 06:03 log2022.log
+[root@localhost test]# ln log2022.log ln2022
+[root@localhost test]# ll
+lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     11 12-07 16:01 link2013 -> log2022.log
+-rw-r--r-- 2 root bin      61 11-13 06:03 ln2022
+-rw-r--r-- 2 root bin      61 11-13 06:03 log2022.log
+```
+
 ## 扩展知识
 
 Linux具有为一个文件起多个名字的功能，称为链接。被链接的文件可以存放在相同的目录下，但是必须有不同的文件名，而不用在硬盘上为同样的数据重复备份。另外，被链接的文件也可以有相同的文件名，但是存放在不同的目录下，这样只要对一个目录下的该文件进行修改，就可以完成对所有目录下同名链接文件的修改。对于某个文件的各链接文件，我们可以给它们指定不同的存取权限，以控制对信息的共享和增强安全性。
@@ -80,10 +103,22 @@ ln功能说明：是为某一个文件在另外一个位置建立一个同步的
 
 > :warning: ln命令会保持每一处链接文件的同步性，也就是说，不论你改动了哪一处，其它的文件都会发生相同的变化。
 
+### 软链接：
+
+1. 软链接，以路径的形式存在。类似于Windows操作系统中的快捷方式
+2. 软链接可以 跨文件系统 ，硬链接不可以
+3. 软链接可以对一个不存在的文件名进行链接
+4. 软链接可以对目录进行链接
+
 ###  硬链接
 
 建立硬链接时，在另外的目录或本目录中增加目标文件的一个目录项，这样，一个文件就登记在多个目录中。如下所示的m2.c文件就在目录mub1和liu中都建立了目录项。
 
+
+1. 硬链接，以文件副本的形式存在。但不占用实际空间。
+2. 不允许给目录创建硬链接
+3. 硬链接只有在同一个文件系统中才能创建
+
 ```shell
 ls -ailR
 .:
@@ -116,7 +151,7 @@ total 8
 *   不能对目录文件做硬链接。
 *   不能在不同的文件系统之间做硬链接。就是说，链接文件和被链接文件必须位于同一个文件系统中。
 
-###  符号链接
+### 符号链接(软连接)
 
 符号链接也称为软链接，是将一个路径名链接到一个文件。这些文件是一种特别类型的文件。事实上，它只是一个文本文件（如下所示的abc文件），其中包含它提供链接的另一个文件的路径名，如虚线箭头所示。另一个文件是实际包含所有数据的文件。所有读、写文件内容的命令被用于符号链接时，将沿着链接方向前进来访问实际的文件。
 

From 17ac6121d94244cfade5e95041c907d06e25a22e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Feb 2022 10:15:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0453/1052] Update alias.md

---
 command/alias.md | 27 ++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/alias.md b/command/alias.md
index e7c8f282d59..b586cef39d4 100644
--- a/command/alias.md
+++ b/command/alias.md
@@ -21,17 +21,13 @@ alias [-p] [name[=value] ...]
 
 ```shell
 -p：显示全部已定义的别名。
-```
-
-## 参数
-
 name（可选）：指定要（定义、修改、显示）的别名。
-
 value（可选）：别名的值。
+```
 
 ### 返回值
 
-alias返回true除非您要显示的别名未定义。
+alias 返回 true 除非您要显示的别名未定义。
 
 ## 例子
 
@@ -73,7 +69,6 @@ alias ls='ls --color=never' grep='grep --color=never'
 ## 错误用法
 
 - 要显示的别名未定义。
-
 - 当您定义（修改）别名的值的时候，由于值的字符串有空格但您没有用**单引号扩起**，那么会导致严重的问题：
 
 ```shell
@@ -112,19 +107,13 @@ A：运行cd依然会切换目录，运行ls依然会列出文件夹的内容；
 
 ### 注意
 
-1. **执行脚本时请注意：**
-
-> 使用`source`命令执行的bash脚本如果执行了`alias`或`unalias`命令，那么有可能会对终端环境的别名设置产生影响；终端环境的别名设置也可能改变运行结果；
->
-> 通过`sh`方式调用的bash脚本或直接运行当前用户有执行权限的脚本不受终端环境的别名影响。
-
+1. 执行脚本时请注意：
+  1. 使用 `source` 命令执行的bash脚本如果执行了 `alias` 或 `unalias` 命令，那么有可能会对终端环境的别名设置产生影响；终端环境的别名设置也可能改变运行结果；
+  2. 通过 `sh` 方式调用的 bash 脚本或直接运行当前用户有执行权限的脚本不受终端环境的别名影响。
 2. 删除别名，请查看`unalias`命令。
-
-2. 建议您不要对`mv cp rm`等命令的别名设置危险的`-f`选项，比如`alias rm='rm -f'`。
-
-3. 需要注意别名是否和其他命令有冲突的情况。
-
-4. 该命令是bash内建命令，相关的帮助信息请查看`help`命令。
+3. 建议您不要对 `mv cp rm` 等命令的别名设置危险的 `-f` 选项，比如 `alias rm='rm -f'`。
+4. 需要注意别名是否和其他命令有冲突的情况。
+5. 该命令是 bash 内建命令，相关的帮助信息请查看 `help` 命令。
 
 ### 其他参考链接
 

From bde70a417f0f5df90886e01bfd090d71c0ec5f43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Feb 2022 10:16:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0454/1052] Update alias.md

---
 command/alias.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/alias.md b/command/alias.md
index b586cef39d4..77e5f2b173c 100644
--- a/command/alias.md
+++ b/command/alias.md
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ A：运行cd依然会切换目录，运行ls依然会列出文件夹的内容；
 ### 注意
 
 1. 执行脚本时请注意：
-  1. 使用 `source` 命令执行的bash脚本如果执行了 `alias` 或 `unalias` 命令，那么有可能会对终端环境的别名设置产生影响；终端环境的别名设置也可能改变运行结果；
-  2. 通过 `sh` 方式调用的 bash 脚本或直接运行当前用户有执行权限的脚本不受终端环境的别名影响。
+    - 使用 `source` 命令执行的bash脚本如果执行了 `alias` 或 `unalias` 命令，那么有可能会对终端环境的别名设置产生影响；终端环境的别名设置也可能改变运行结果；
+    - 通过 `sh` 方式调用的 bash 脚本或直接运行当前用户有执行权限的脚本不受终端环境的别名影响。
 2. 删除别名，请查看`unalias`命令。
 3. 建议您不要对 `mv cp rm` 等命令的别名设置危险的 `-f` 选项，比如 `alias rm='rm -f'`。
 4. 需要注意别名是否和其他命令有冲突的情况。

From aabe4285d3d403e5a0eecf6bd582174f3bde86cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=9C=E6=96=B9?= 
Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:37:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0455/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=AD=A3=20`ls`=20=E4=B8=AD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E9=94=99=E5=88=AB=E5=AD=97=20`=E5=BD=B1=E8=97=8F`=20=E4=B8=BA?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20`=E9=9A=90=E8=97=8F`=20(#335)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 command/ls.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/ls.md b/command/ls.md
index e55bb4ab878..cf09d587b1a 100644
--- a/command/ls.md
+++ b/command/ls.md
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ $ ls --human-readable --size -1 -S --classify # 按文件大小排序
 $ du -sh * | sort -h # 按文件大小排序(同上)
 ```
 
-显示当前目录下包括影藏文件在内的所有文件列表
+显示当前目录下包括隐藏文件在内的所有文件列表
 
 ```shell
 [root@localhost ~]# ls -a

From c816a0a2eb5f3f9348f48c0ffb5ad21c81b9c127 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 23:10:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0456/1052] Update README.md

---
 README.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 39f42cac71d..ed99420f2e1 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 

 
 [![Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/linux.svg)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) [![weibo](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/weibo.svg)](http://weibo.com/pc175) [![Get this with npm](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/npm.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command) [![NPM Download](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/linux-command.svg?style=flat)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command)
+[![jsdelivr cdn](https://data.jsdelivr.com/v1/package/npm/linux-command/badge)](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/linux-command)
 
 当前仓库搜集了 570 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
 
@@ -266,4 +267,4 @@ Made with [github-action-contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-acti
 
 ## License
 
-Licensed under the MIT License.
\ No newline at end of file
+Licensed under the MIT License.

From 3572d9f2c553ad4ee3601bb3c575e92934be9bee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Mar 2022 19:13:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0457/1052] chore: update workflows config.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index a46ff895af3..b6c4b8c673d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -13,44 +13,43 @@ jobs:
       with:
         node-version: 14
 
-    - name: Generate Changelog
-      id: changelog
-      uses: jaywcjlove/changelog-generator@v1.4.8
-      with:
-        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        filter-author: (小弟调调™|Renovate Bot)
-        filter: (^[\s]+?[R|r]elease)|(^[R|r]elease)
+    - run: npm install
+    - run: npm run build
+    - run: npm run dash
+    - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
 
     - name: Generate Contributors Images
       uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors@main
       with:
         filter-author: (renovate\[bot\]|renovate-bot|dependabot\[bot\])
-        output: CONTRIBUTORS.svg
+        output: .deploy/CONTRIBUTORS.svg
         avatarSize: 42
 
-    - run: npm install
-    - run: npm run build
-    - run: npm run dash
-    - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
-    - run: cp -rp CONTRIBUTORS.svg .deploy/
+    - name: Create Tag
+      id: create_tag
+      uses: jaywcjlove/create-tag-action@v1.3.6
+      with:
+        package-path: ./package.json
 
-    - run: npm install @jsdevtools/npm-publish -g
-    - run: npm-publish --token="${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}" ./package.json
+    - name: get tag version
+      id: tag_version
+      uses: jaywcjlove/changelog-generator@v1.5.0
 
     - name: Deploy
       uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
       with:
+        commit_message: '[${{steps.tag_version.outputs.tag}}] ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}'
         github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         publish_dir: ./.deploy
         user_name: github-actions[bot]
         user_email: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
-        
-    - name: Create Tag
-      id: create_tag
-      uses: jaywcjlove/create-tag-action@v1.3.5
+
+    - name: Generate Changelog
+      id: changelog
+      uses: jaywcjlove/changelog-generator@v1.5.0
       with:
-        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        package-path: ./package.json
+        filter-author: (小弟调调™)
+        filter: (^[\s]+?[R|r]elease)|(^[R|r]elease)
 
     - name: Create Release
       uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
@@ -68,4 +67,11 @@ jobs:
 
           ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.compareurl }}
           
-          ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.changelog }}
\ No newline at end of file
+          ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.changelog }}
+
+
+          Document uiw@${{ steps.changelog.outputs.tag }}:  
+          https://raw.githack.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/${{ steps.changelog.outputs.gh-pages-short-hash }}/index.html
+
+    - run: npm install @jsdevtools/npm-publish -g
+    - run: npm-publish --token="${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}" ./package.json
\ No newline at end of file

From 81d58b3c4046b224c2490b196641cf8e53672bf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: noodles2hg <57032282+z-anshun@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Mar 2022 00:30:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0458/1052] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E5=A4=8D=20ls=20=E5=91=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A4=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=E7=A4=BA=E4=BE=8B=20(#337)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

应该为`ls *.jpg | xargs -n1 -I{} cp {} /data/images`
---
 command/xargs.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/xargs.md b/command/xargs.md
index e511cf51891..9f5a2357f61 100644
--- a/command/xargs.md
+++ b/command/xargs.md
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ cat arg.txt | xargs -I {} ./sk.sh -p {} -l
 复制所有图片文件到 /data/images 目录下：
 
 ```shell
-ls *.jpg | xargs -n1 -I cp {} /data/images
+ls *.jpg | xargs -n1 -I{} cp {} /data/images
 ```
 
 #### 结合 find 命令使用

From 34e17422a275d669b2e21b8d4d7bb9082ffa6652 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Mar 2022 23:47:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0459/1052] chore: update workflows config

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index b6c4b8c673d..015bf8c024b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
           ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.changelog }}
 
 
-          Document uiw@${{ steps.changelog.outputs.tag }}:  
+          Document linux-command@${{ steps.changelog.outputs.tag }}:  
           https://raw.githack.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/${{ steps.changelog.outputs.gh-pages-short-hash }}/index.html
 
     - run: npm install @jsdevtools/npm-publish -g

From a5b5344b43532af5feedcd652b318b8b0b3e3456 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Mar 2022 23:48:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0460/1052] released v1.8.3

---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 400c37592e7..b2bf39deba5 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "linux-command",
-  "version": "1.8.2",
+  "version": "1.8.3",
   "description": "Linux Command",
   "homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/",
   "main": "dist/data.json",

From a775db6dd0eb36c53bdd5afe0873e1b559dfd8ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Mar 2022 23:53:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0461/1052] chore: update devDependencies.

---
 package.json | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b2bf39deba5..6471d2fce2b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@
     "url": "git+https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command.git"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "archiver": "5.3.0",
-    "colors-cli": "1.0.28",
-    "ejs": "3.1.6",
-    "fs-extra": "10.0.0",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "3.2.5",
-    "sitemap-generator": "8.5.1",
-    "sqlite3": "5.0.2",
-    "stylus": "0.55.0",
-    "uglify-js": "3.14.4"
+    "archiver": "~5.3.0",
+    "colors-cli": "~1.0.28",
+    "ejs": "~3.1.6",
+    "fs-extra": "~10.0.1",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "~3.2.5",
+    "sitemap-generator": "~8.5.1",
+    "sqlite3": "~5.0.2",
+    "stylus": "~0.56.0",
+    "uglify-js": "~3.15.2"
   },
   "engines": {
     "node": "^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0"

From 754727a96159a371e9444f74e831892b70276d2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Mar 2022 23:55:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0462/1052] chore: update renovate.json

---
 renovate.json | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/renovate.json b/renovate.json
index f45d8f110c3..5fe6b173781 100644
--- a/renovate.json
+++ b/renovate.json
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 {
   "extends": [
     "config:base"
+  ],
+  "packageRules": [
+    {
+      "matchPackagePatterns": ["*"],
+      "rangeStrategy": "replace"
+    }
   ]
 }

From 0dce51630b96c382a79227caa4128f64116d61ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Mar 2022 11:34:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0463/1052] chore: update workflow config.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 015bf8c024b..c9fa6b6b6a9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: GitHub Actions Build and Deploy linux-command
+name: CI
 on:
   push:
     branches:

From 777dc5b18ff19a01f9a8ba055993b3e82c76d1bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Mar 2022 11:34:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0464/1052] chore: Update README.md (#341)

---
 README.md | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ed99420f2e1..e1ad1a9e812 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@
   
Linux Command

 

 
-[![Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/linux.svg)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) [![weibo](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/weibo.svg)](http://weibo.com/pc175) [![Get this with npm](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/npm.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command) [![NPM Download](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/linux-command.svg?style=flat)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command)
+[![CI](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Web](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/linux.svg)](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/)
+[![weibo](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/weibo.svg)](http://weibo.com/pc175)
+[![Get this with npm](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/ico/npm.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command)
+[![NPM Download](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/linux-command.svg?style=flat)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/linux-command)
 [![jsdelivr cdn](https://data.jsdelivr.com/v1/package/npm/linux-command/badge)](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/linux-command)
 
 当前仓库搜集了 570 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@
 
 ⚠️ 你们拿过去部署的静态网站，还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址，这样大家共同维护命令文档，让文档更加完善，更加丰富，当然你删除本站所有信息相关信息，其实我也不太在意，默认允许你们随意搞，我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份，可以将网址放到下面 :)。
 
-[`linux.devonline.net`](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`bqrdh.com`](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)
+[`linux.devonline.net`](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`bqrdh.com`](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)，[`linux.mmoke.com`](https://linux.mmoke.com)
 
 ### 微信小程序版本
 

From 432b3abb4fa3e04fefa018afc5b87958fda8d21c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Mar 2022 11:39:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0465/1052] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=E7=99=BE?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BA=A6=E7=BB=9F=E8=AE=A1=20(#341)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 template/partial/footer.ejs | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/partial/footer.ejs b/template/partial/footer.ejs
index 8297e0a5f05..a8359a9ba4a 100644
--- a/template/partial/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/partial/footer.ejs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-
 
 
 

From b7095693ac9f534621276741f6150d5a0d81df98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Mar 2022 11:44:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0466/1052] chore: remove the cdn script (#341).

---
 template/details.ejs | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/details.ejs b/template/details.ejs
index 38f5febecd5..93101ab53d8 100644
--- a/template/details.ejs
+++ b/template/details.ejs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 <%- include('partial/header'); %>
 <%- include('widget/search',{type: "list"}); %>
-
 
+
 
 

 <% if(md_path){ %>
diff --git a/template/js/copy-to-clipboard.js b/template/js/copy-to-clipboard.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8647fc1c6c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/js/copy-to-clipboard.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/*! @uiw/copy-to-clipboard v1.0.12 | MIT (c) 2021 Kenny Wang | https://github.com/uiwjs/copy-to-clipboard.git */
+!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):(e="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:e||self).copyTextToClipboard=t()}(this,(function(){"use strict";return function(e,t){const o=document.createElement("textarea");o.value=e,o.setAttribute("readonly",""),o.style={position:"absolute",left:"-9999px"},document.body.appendChild(o);const n=document.getSelection().rangeCount>0&&document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0);o.select();let c=!1;try{c=!!document.execCommand("copy")}catch(e){c=!1}document.body.removeChild(o),n&&document.getSelection&&(document.getSelection().removeAllRanges(),document.getSelection().addRange(n)),t&&t(c)}}));
+
+function copied(target, str) {
+  target.classList.add('active');
+  copyTextToClipboard(target.dataset.code, function() {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      target.classList.remove('active');
+    }, 2000);
+  });
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 538bd511e7c027f573482803ba2942d97ec3a1b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Mar 2022 23:24:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0468/1052] doc: Update README.md (#338)

---
 README.md | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e1ad1a9e812..ce6891c130f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 当前仓库搜集了 570 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
 
-[Web](#web-版本) | [微信小程序](#微信小程序版本) | [Dash](#dash-版本) | [Alfred](#alfred-版本) | [KDE/Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](#chrome-插件) | [命令行工具](#命令行工具)
+[Web](#web-版本) | [微信小程序](#微信小程序版本) | [Dash](#dash-版本) | [Raycast](#raycast-版本) | [Alfred](#alfred-版本) | [KDE/Krunner](https://github.com/roachsinai/krunner-linuxcommands) | [Android](https://github.com/Ernest-su/LinuxCmd.git) | [Mac/Win/Linux](https://github.com/haloislet/linux-command) | [Chrome Plugin](#chrome-插件) | [命令行工具](#命令行工具)
 
 ### Web 版本
 
@@ -48,19 +48,53 @@
 
 [![Chrome Web Store 下载](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/sb/download/chrome-web-store.svg)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/oscnews/iheapfheanfjcemgneblljhaebonakbg)
 
-[![Chrome Web Store 下载](./assets/chrome-extensions.gif)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/oscnews)
+

+Chrome 插件截图
+
+Chrome 插件截图
+
+

+
+### Raycast 版本
+
+[Raycast 版本安装](https://www.raycast.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command)， ([**#338**](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/338))下图是界面效果： 
+
+

+Raycast 版本截图
+
+Raycast 版本截图
+
+Raycast 版本截图
+
+Raycast 版本截图
+
+Raycast 版本截图
+
+

+
 
 ### Alfred 版本
 
 [Alfred 版本下载](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases)， 下图是界面效果。 
 
-[![Linux 命令大全](./assets/alfred.png)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases)
+

+Alfred 版本截图
+
+Alfred 版本截图
+
+

 
 ### Dash 版本
 
 由 [**@SHANG殇**](https://github.com/xinshangshangxin) 提供的 `Dash` 版本 [#91](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/pull/91)，可配合 `alfred` 玩耍，下载 [linux-command.docset.zip](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/linux-command.docset.zip) 文件解压，点击安装即可。
 
-[![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8779091/57193499-5b475d00-6f6e-11e9-879d-e7e8fdc40ced.gif)](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/releases)
+
+

+Dash 版本截图
+
+Dash 版本截图
+
+

 
 ### 命令行工具
 

From 1640e5d7480529e228cc9d7ffcc2fdeb53899cf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Sat, 12 Mar 2022 12:10:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0469/1052] Update and rename telint.md to telinit.md

---
 command/telinit.md | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 command/telint.md  | 26 ------------------------
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 command/telinit.md
 delete mode 100644 command/telint.md

diff --git a/command/telinit.md b/command/telinit.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d158967531d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/telinit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+telinit
+===
+
+切换当前正在运行系统的运行等级
+
+## 补充说明
+
+**telinit命令** 用于切换当前正在运行的Linux系统的运行等级。
+
+_RUNLEVEL_ 参数应该是多用户运行级别 `2-5` 之一，`0` 用于停止系统，`6` 用于重新启动系统，或 `1` 用于使系统进入单用户模式。
+
+通常您会使用 `shutdown(8)` 工具来停止或重新启动系统，或者将其降低到单用户模式。
+
+_RUNLEVEL_ 也可能是 S 或 s ，这会将系统直接置于单用户模式，而无需先实际停止进程，您可能不希望这样。
+
+通过发出 `runlevel(7)` 事件来更改运行级别，该事件包括 _RUNLEVEL_ 环境变量中的新运行级别以及 PREVLEVEL 变量中的先前运行级别（从环境或 `/var/run/utmp` 获得）。
+
+**telinit** 会将新的运行级别写入 `/var/run/utmp` 并将新条目附加到 `/var/log/wtmp`。
+
+###  语法
+
+```shell
+telint(选项)(参数)
+telinit [OPTION]... RUNLEVEL
+```
+
+###  选项
+
+```shell
+-t：指定等待的秒数。
+-e 键=值
+```
+
+这指定了与 _RUNLEVEL_ 和 _PREVLEVEL_ 一起包含在事件中的附加环境变量。
+
+###  参数
+
+运行等级：指定要切换的运行等级。
+
+### Environment
+
+RUNLEVEL
+
+如果设置优先于从 `/var/run/utmp` 读取，`telinit` 将从该环境变量读取当前运行级别
+
+### Files
+
+- `/var/run/utmp` 将从哪里读取当前运行级别； 此文件也将使用新的运行级别进行更新。
+- `/var/log/wtmp` 新的运行级别记录将附加到此文件中以获取新的运行级别。
+
diff --git a/command/telint.md b/command/telint.md
deleted file mode 100644
index c502a91f532..00000000000
--- a/command/telint.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-telint
-===
-
-切换当前正在运行系统的运行等级
-
-## 补充说明
-
-**telint命令** 用于切换当前正在运行的Linux系统的运行等级。
-
-###  语法
-
-```shell
-telint(选项)(参数)
-```
-
-###  选项
-
-```shell
--t：指定等待的秒数。
-```
-
-###  参数
-
-运行等级：指定要切换的运行等级。
-
-

From b51523639026aa53ae1d00c72d633a8e22bf33c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 02:25:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0470/1052] chore: update build script.

---
 build/build.mjs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index 90045013bf6..5054e828115 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const rootIndexJSPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'index.js'
 const dataJsonPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.json');
 const dataJsonMinPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.min.json');
 const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css');
-const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
+const contributorsPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
 
 ;(async () => {
   try {

From 551306eca226605ed4f66cc8edc6c51ee1f8a325 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 02:33:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0471/1052] chore: update build script.

---
 build/build.mjs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index 5054e828115..90045013bf6 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const rootIndexJSPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'index.js'
 const dataJsonPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.json');
 const dataJsonMinPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'dist', 'data.min.json');
 const cssPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'css', 'index.css');
-const contributorsPath = path.resolve(deployDir, 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
+const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
 
 ;(async () => {
   try {

From ad0a3c1a99548418d4c557431d107f71005958ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 02:34:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0472/1052] chore: update workflows config.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c9fa6b6b6a9..536d393beca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ jobs:
       with:
         node-version: 14
 
-    - run: npm install
-    - run: npm run build
-    - run: npm run dash
-    - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
-
     - name: Generate Contributors Images
       uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors@main
       with:
         filter-author: (renovate\[bot\]|renovate-bot|dependabot\[bot\])
-        output: .deploy/CONTRIBUTORS.svg
         avatarSize: 42
 
+    - run: npm install
+    - run: npm run build
+    - run: npm run dash
+    - run: rm -rf .deploy/linux-command.docset
+    - run: cp CONTRIBUTORS.svg .deploy
+
     - name: Create Tag
       id: create_tag
       uses: jaywcjlove/create-tag-action@v1.3.6

From 78c7b04208edf1e626bb6e3a703212e274918645 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 02:34:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0473/1052] released v1.9.0

---
 dist/data.json     | 6 +++---
 dist/data.min.json | 2 +-
 package.json       | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json
index 78b8ec79223..ba5ccfcb019 100644
--- a/dist/data.json
+++ b/dist/data.json
@@ -2434,9 +2434,9 @@
     "p": "/tee",
     "d": "从标准输入读取数据并重定向到标准输出和文件。"
   },
-  "telint": {
-    "n": "telint",
-    "p": "/telint",
+  "telinit": {
+    "n": "telinit",
+    "p": "/telinit",
     "d": "切换当前正在运行系统的运行等级"
   },
   "telnet": {
diff --git a/dist/data.min.json b/dist/data.min.json
index 845b5670ce2..694dc0edede 100644
--- a/dist/data.min.json
+++ b/dist/data.min.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"base64":{"n":"base64","p":"/base64","d":"base64 编码/解码文件或标准输入输出"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"将前台终端作业移动到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"bmodinfo":{"n":"bmodinfo","p":"/bmodinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"break":{"n":"break","p":"/break","d":"结束for，while或until循环。"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行bash内建命令。"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"创一个bz2文件压缩包"},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"解压缩指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接多个文件并打印到标准输出。"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录。"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 RTC 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Screen，但来自于OpenBSD，采用BSD授权"},"top":{"n":"top","p":"/top","d":"显示或管理执行中的程序"},"touch":{"n":"touch","p":"/touch","d":"创建新的空文件"},"tput":{"n":"tput","p":"/tput","d":"通过terminfo数据库对终端会话进行初始化和操作"},"tr":{"n":"tr","p":"/tr","d":"将字符进行替换压缩和删除"},"tracepath":{"n":"tracepath","p":"/tracepath","d":"追踪目的主机经过的路由信息"},"traceroute":{"n":"traceroute","p":"/traceroute","d":"显示数据包到主机间的路径"},"trap":{"n":"trap","p":"/trap","d":"捕捉信号和其他事件并执行命令。"},"tree":{"n":"tree","p":"/tree","d":"树状图列出目录的内容"},"true":{"n":"true","p":"/true","d":"返回状态为成功。"},"tty":{"n":"tty","p":"/tty","d":"显示连接到当前标准输入的终端设备文件名"},"type":{"n":"type","p":"/type","d":"显示指定命令的类型。"},"ulimit":{"n":"ulimit","p":"/ulimit","d":"控制shell程序的资源"},"umask":{"n":"umask","p":"/umask","d":"显示或设置创建文件的权限掩码。"},"umount":{"n":"umount","p":"/umount","d":"用于卸载已经加载的文件系统"},"unalias":{"n":"unalias","p":"/unalias","d":"删除由alias设置的别名"},"uname":{"n":"uname","p":"/uname","d":"打印系统信息。"},"unarj":{"n":"unarj","p":"/unarj","d":"解压缩由arj命令创建的压缩包"},"uncompress":{"n":"uncompress","p":"/uncompress","d":"用来解压.Z文件"},"unexpand":{"n":"unexpand","p":"/unexpand","d":"将文件的空白字符转换为制表符"},"uniq":{"n":"uniq","p":"/uniq","d":"显示或忽略重复的行。"},"unlink":{"n":"unlink","p":"/unlink","d":"系统调用函数unlink去删除指定的文件"},"unprotoize":{"n":"unprotoize","p":"/unprotoize","d":"删除C语言源代码文件中的函数原型"},"unrar":{"n":"unrar","p":"/unrar","d":"解压rar文件命令，从 rar 压缩包中提取文件"},"unset":{"n":"unset","p":"/unset","d":"删除指定的shell变量或函数。"},"unzip":{"n":"unzip","p":"/unzip","d":"用于解压缩由zip命令压缩的压缩包"},"updatedb":{"n":"updatedb","p":"/updatedb","d":"创建或更新slocate命令所必需的数据库文件"},"uptime":{"n":"uptime","p":"/uptime","d":"查看Linux系统负载信息"},"useradd":{"n":"useradd","p":"/useradd","d":"创建的新的系统用户"},"userdel":{"n":"userdel","p":"/userdel","d":"用于删除给定的用户以及与用户相关的文件"},"usermod":{"n":"usermod","p":"/usermod","d":"用于修改用户的基本信息"},"usernetctl":{"n":"usernetctl","p":"/usernetctl","d":"被允许时操作指定的网络接口"},"users":{"n":"users","p":"/users","d":"打印当前主机所有登陆用户的名称。"},"uucico":{"n":"uucico","p":"/uucico","d":"UUCP文件传输服务程序"},"uupick":{"n":"uupick","p":"/uupick","d":"命令处理传送进来的文件"},"uuto":{"n":"uuto","p":"/uuto","d":"将文件传送到远端的UUCP主机"},"vdfuse":{"n":"vdfuse","p":"/vdfuse","d":"VirtualBox软件挂载VDI分区文件工具"},"vgchange":{"n":"vgchange","p":"/vgchange","d":"修改卷组属性"},"vgconvert":{"n":"vgconvert","p":"/vgconvert","d":"转换卷组元数据格式"},"vgcreate":{"n":"vgcreate","p":"/vgcreate","d":"用于创建LVM卷组"},"vgdisplay":{"n":"vgdisplay","p":"/vgdisplay","d":"显示LVM卷组的信息"},"vgextend":{"n":"vgextend","p":"/vgextend","d":"向卷组中添加物理卷"},"vgreduce":{"n":"vgreduce","p":"/vgreduce","d":"从卷组中删除物理卷"},"vgremove":{"n":"vgremove","p":"/vgremove","d":"用于用户删除LVM卷组"},"vgrename":{"n":"vgrename","p":"/vgrename","d":"使用vgrename命令可以重命名卷组的名称"},"vgscan":{"n":"vgscan","p":"/vgscan","d":"扫描并显示系统中的卷组"},"vi":{"n":"vi","p":"/vi","d":"功能强大的纯文本编辑器"},"vmstat":{"n":"vmstat","p":"/vmstat","d":"显示虚拟内存状态"},"volname":{"n":"volname","p":"/volname","d":"显示指定的ISO-9660格式的设备的卷名称"},"w":{"n":"w","p":"/w","d":"显示目前登入系统的用户信息"},"wait":{"n":"wait","p":"/wait","d":"等待进程执行完后返回"},"wall":{"n":"wall","p":"/wall","d":"向系统当前所有打开的终端上输出信息"},"watch":{"n":"watch","p":"/watch","d":"可以将命令的输出结果输出到标准输出设备，多用于周期性执行命令/定时执行命令"},"wc":{"n":"wc","p":"/wc","d":"统计文件的字节数、字数、行数"},"wget":{"n":"wget","p":"/wget","d":"Linux系统下载文件工具"},"whatis":{"n":"whatis","p":"/whatis","d":"查询一个命令执行什么功能"},"whereis":{"n":"whereis","p":"/whereis","d":"查找二进制程序、代码等相关文件路径"},"which":{"n":"which","p":"/which","d":"查找并显示给定命令的绝对路径"},"who":{"n":"who","p":"/who","d":"显示当前所有登陆用户的信息。"},"whoami":{"n":"whoami","p":"/whoami","d":"打印当前有效的用户ID对应的名称"},"write":{"n":"write","p":"/write","d":"向指定登录用户终端上发送信息"},"xargs":{"n":"xargs","p":"/xargs","d":"给其他命令传递参数的一个过滤器"},"xauth":{"n":"xauth","p":"/xauth","d":"显示和编辑被用于连接X服务器的认证信息"},"xclip":{"n":"xclip","p":"/xclip","d":"管理 X 粘贴板"},"xhost":{"n":"xhost","p":"/xhost","d":"制哪些X客户端能够在X服务器上显示"},"xinit":{"n":"xinit","p":"/xinit","d":"是Linux下X-Window系统的初始化程序"},"xlsatoms":{"n":"xlsatoms","p":"/xlsatoms","d":"列出X服务器内部所有定义的原子成分"},"xlsclients":{"n":"xlsclients","p":"/xlsclients","d":"列出显示器中的客户端应用程序"},"xlsfonts":{"n":"xlsfonts","p":"/xlsfonts","d":"列出X Server使用的字体"},"xset":{"n":"xset","p":"/xset","d":"设置X-Window系统中的用户爱好的实用工具"},"xz":{"n":"xz","p":"/xz","d":"POSIX 平台开发具有高压缩率的工具"},"yes":{"n":"yes","p":"/yes","d":"重复打印指定字符串"},"ypdomainname":{"n":"ypdomainname","p":"/ypdomainname","d":"显示主机的NIS的域名"},"yum":{"n":"yum","p":"/yum","d":"基于RPM的软件包管理器"},"zcat":{"n":"zcat","p":"/zcat","d":"显示压缩包中文件的内容"},"zfore":{"n":"zfore","p":"/zfore","d":"强制为gzip格式的压缩文件添加.gz后缀"},"zip":{"n":"zip","p":"/zip","d":"可以用来解压缩文件"},"zipinfo":{"n":"zipinfo","p":"/zipinfo","d":"用来列出压缩文件信息"},"zipsplit":{"n":"zipsplit","p":"/zipsplit","d":"将较大的zip压缩包分割成各个较小的压缩包"},"znew":{"n":"znew","p":"/znew","d":"将.Z压缩包重新转化为gzip命令压缩的.gz压缩包"}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 6471d2fce2b..b356b16049e 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "linux-command",
-  "version": "1.8.3",
+  "version": "1.9.0",
   "description": "Linux Command",
   "homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/",
   "main": "dist/data.json",

From 0530c067776283f56abe2ae49a44d54eb25985d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: weibk <79395818+weibk@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2022 20:09:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0474/1052] Update shuf.md (#345)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

第一个例子中命令应该是 shuf 而不是 head
---
 command/shuf.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/shuf.md b/command/shuf.md
index c70c3055365..35518b98112 100644
--- a/command/shuf.md
+++ b/command/shuf.md
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ARG（可选）：作为输入行的字符串，可以为任意数量。
 
 ```shell
 # 模拟硬币抛掷，获取前10个结果：
-[user2@pc ~]$ head -r -n 10 -e "正面" -e "反面"
+[user2@pc ~]$ shuf -r -n 10 -e "正面" -e "反面"
 反面
 正面
 正面

From 2c3e9f08c6eecd6f85e647cbe506fcc59f4b0566 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83=E2=84=A2?=
 
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2022 06:50:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0475/1052] Add journalctl.md (#347)

---
 command/journalctl.md | 155 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 155 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 command/journalctl.md

diff --git a/command/journalctl.md b/command/journalctl.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e87fcb51040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/journalctl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+journalctl
+===
+
+检索 systemd 日志，是 CentOS 7 才有的工具。
+
+### 语法
+
+```shell
+journalctl [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]
+```
+
+### 选项
+
+```shell
+Flags:
+ --system               # 显示系统日志
+ --user                 # 显示当前用户的用户日志
+-M --machine=CONTAINER  # 在本地容器上操作
+-S --since=DATE         # 显示不早于指定日期的条目
+-U --until=DATE         # 显示不晚于指定日期的条目
+-c --cursor=CURSOR      # 显示从指定光标开始的条目
+  --after-cursor=CURSOR # 在指定光标后显示条目
+  --show-cursor         # 在所有条目之后打印光标
+-b --boot[=ID]          # 显示当前启动或指定启动
+  --list-boots          # 显示有关已记录引导的简洁信息
+-k --dmesg              # 显示当前启动的内核消息日志
+-u --unit=UNIT          # 显示指定单元的日志
+-t --identifier=STRING  # 显示具有指定系统日志标识符的条目
+-p --priority=RANGE     # 显示具有指定优先级的条目
+-e --pager-end          # 在pager中立即跳转到末尾
+-f --follow             # 关注期刊
+-n --lines[=INTEGER]    # 要显示的日志条目数
+  --no-tail             # 显示所有行，即使在跟随模式下
+-r --reverse            # 首先显示最新的条目
+-o --output=STRING      # 更改日志输出模式 (short, short-iso,
+                                   short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,
+                                   export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)
+--utc                   # 以协调世界时 (UTC) 表示的时间
+-x --catalog            # 在可用的情况下添加消息说明
+   --no-full            # Ellipsize 字段
+-a --all                # 显示所有字段，包括长的和不可打印的
+-q --quiet              # 不显示特权警告
+   --no-pager           # 不要将输出通过管道传输到寻呼机
+-m --merge              # 显示所有可用期刊的条目
+-D --directory=PATH     # 显示目录中的日志文件
+   --file=PATH          # 显示日志文件
+   --root=ROOT          # 对根目录下的目录文件进行操作
+   --interval=TIME      # 更改 FSS 密封键的时间间隔
+   --verify-key=KEY     # 指定FSS验证密钥
+   --force              # 使用 --setup-keys 覆盖 FSS 密钥对 
+
+Commands:
+-h --help              # 显示此帮助文本
+   --version           # 显示包版本
+-F --field=FIELD       # 列出指定字段的所有值
+   --new-id128         # 生成新的 128 位 ID
+   --disk-usage        # 显示所有日志文件的总磁盘使用情况
+   --vacuum-size=BYTES # 将磁盘使用量减少到指定大小以下
+   --vacuum-time=TIME  # 删除早于指定日期的日志文件
+   --flush             # 将所有日志数据从 /run 刷新到 /var
+   --header            # 显示期刊头信息
+   --list-catalog      # 显示目录中的所有消息 ID
+   --dump-catalog      # 在消息目录中显示条目
+   --update-catalog    # 更新消息目录数据库
+   --setup-keys        # 生成新的 FSS 密钥对
+   --verify            # 验证日志文件的一致性
+```
+
+### 实例
+
+**过滤输出**
+
+`journalctl` 可以根据特定字段过滤输出。如果过滤的字段比较多，需要较长时间才能显示出来。
+
+示例：
+
+显示本次启动后的所有日志：
+
+```shell
+journalctl -b
+```
+
+不过，一般大家更关心的不是本次启动后的日志，而是上次启动时的（例如，刚刚系统崩溃了）。可以使用 -b 参数：
+
+- `journalctl -b -0` 显示本次启动的信息
+- `journalctl -b -1` 显示上次启动的信息
+- `journalctl -b -2` 显示上上次启动的信息 `journalctl -b -2`
+
+只显示错误、冲突和重要告警信息
+
+```shell
+journalctl -p err..alert
+```
+
+也可以使用数字， `journalctl -p 3..1`。如果使用单个 number/keyword，则 `journalctl -p 3` - 还包括所有更高的优先级。
+
+显示从某个日期 ( 或时间 ) 开始的消息:
+
+```shell
+journalctl --since="2012-10-30 18:17:16"
+```
+
+显示从某个时间 ( 例如 20分钟前 ) 的消息:
+
+```shell
+journalctl --since "20 min ago"
+```
+
+显示最新信息
+
+```shell
+journalctl -f
+```
+
+显示特定程序的所有消息:
+
+```shell
+journalctl /usr/lib/systemd/systemd
+```
+
+显示特定进程的所有消息:
+
+```shell
+journalctl _PID=1
+```
+
+显示指定单元的所有消息：
+
+```shell
+journalctl -u man-db.service
+```
+
+显示内核环缓存消息r:
+
+```shell
+journalctl -k
+```
+
+**手动清理日志**
+
+`/var/log/journal` 存放着日志, `rm` 应该能工作. 或者使用 `journalctl`,
+
+例如:
+
+清理日志使总大小小于 100M:
+
+```shell
+journalctl --vacuum-size=100M
+```
+
+清理最早两周前的日志.
+
+```shell
+journalctl --vacuum-time=2weeks
+```

From 0802e9695cf87653c7b6eb02bd0a8aad7c2b6e5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 3 Apr 2022 23:32:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0476/1052] website: add dark theme.

---
 build/build.mjs                    |  9 ++--
 package.json                       |  4 +-
 template/contributors.ejs          |  2 +-
 template/list.ejs                  |  1 -
 template/partial/header.ejs        |  5 ++-
 template/styl/index.styl           | 70 +++++++++---------------------
 template/styl/mixins/css.styl      | 19 --------
 template/styl/mixins/markdown.styl |  2 +-
 template/styl/mixins/reset.styl    |  5 +--
 template/widget/search.ejs         | 13 +-----
 10 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 template/styl/mixins/css.styl

diff --git a/build/build.mjs b/build/build.mjs
index 90045013bf6..42ae373d3ca 100644
--- a/build/build.mjs
+++ b/build/build.mjs
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
     await FS.ensureDir(path.resolve(deployDir, 'c'));
     await FS.copySync(faviconPath, path.resolve(deployDir, 'img', 'favicon.ico'));
     
-    await FS.copyFile(path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'copy-to-clipboard.js'), path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'copy-to-clipboard.js'))
+    await FS.copyFile(path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'template', 'js', 'copy-to-clipboard.js'), path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'copy-to-clipboard.js'));
+    await FS.copyFile(path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'node_modules/@wcj/dark-mode/main.js'), path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'dark-mode.min.js'));
+    await FS.copyFile(path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'node_modules/@uiw/github-corners/lib/index.js'), path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'github-corners.js'));
 
     const jsData = await FS.readFileSync(rootIndexJSPath);
     await FS.outputFile(path.resolve(deployDir, 'js', 'index.js'), UglifyJS.minify(jsData.toString()).code)
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ const contributorsPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), 'CONTRIBUTORS.svg');
 }
 
 function markdownToHTML(str) {
-  return create({ markdown: str, document: undefined });
+  return create({ markdown: str, document: undefined, 'dark-mode': false });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -226,13 +228,12 @@ function markdownToHTML(str) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     try {
       const stylStr = FS.readFileSync(stylPath, 'utf8');
-      const stylMD = FS.readFileSync(path.resolve('node_modules/markdown-to-html-cli/github.css'), 'utf8');
       stylus(stylStr.toString())
         .set('filename', stylPath)
         .set('compress', true)
         .render((err, css) => {
           if (err) throw err;
-          resolve(`${stylMD.replace(/\n/, '')}\n${css}`);
+          resolve(`${css}`);
         });
     } catch (err) {
       reject(err);
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b356b16049e..04291c4b1d0 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@
     "url": "git+https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command.git"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@uiw/github-corners": "~1.5.11",
+    "@wcj/dark-mode": "~1.0.14",
     "archiver": "~5.3.0",
     "colors-cli": "~1.0.28",
     "ejs": "~3.1.6",
     "fs-extra": "~10.0.1",
-    "markdown-to-html-cli": "~3.2.5",
+    "markdown-to-html-cli": "~3.4.1",
     "sitemap-generator": "~8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "~5.0.2",
     "stylus": "~0.56.0",
diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 66dca26ab5b..a799f612bba 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   
Contributors

   
<%-describe.contributors ? describe.contributors : '' %>

   

-    数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用github-action-contributors创建。
+    数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。
   

 

 <%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %>
diff --git a/template/list.ejs b/template/list.ejs
index b064b21935c..7d927bcbc38 100644
--- a/template/list.ejs
+++ b/template/list.ejs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 <%- include('partial/header'); %>
 <%- include('widget/search',{type: "list"}); %>
-
 

     

   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 7c11c4631a224fe0823eb094577eecfda76d95c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: FunKeen <112614943+FunKeen@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2024 11:02:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0927/1052] doc: Update sed.md (#589)

---
 command/sed.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/sed.md b/command/sed.md
index 108fa1c44f6..416c271f25e 100644
--- a/command/sed.md
+++ b/command/sed.md
@@ -172,9 +172,10 @@ sed '2,$d' file
 sed '$d' file
 ```
 
-删除文件中所有开头是test的行：
+删除文件中所有开头是test的行(d写外边效果一样)：
 
 ```shell
+sed '/^test/d' file
 sed '/^test/'d file
 ```
 

From d8553adae9e0c067a6744123686a9e5fa9cf2349 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2024 03:03:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0928/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6da2ae51b34..0f8d193c9ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -300,12 +300,13 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 BingCoke
 Ein Verne
 Pan, Wen-Ming
-linuxwd
 lewis1573
 leo
 kid1412621
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
 myliwenbo
@@ -313,8 +314,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-Yidan Wang
-jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -329,6 +328,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
+c2ch
+Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
 谢民皆
@@ -360,7 +361,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
-MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
 Wang
@@ -381,6 +381,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 HighScorePlayer
 Herbert8
 Guiying Li
+FunKeen
 Frankie
 Divenire
 Derek
@@ -390,7 +391,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -419,7 +419,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Mystic
+Mystic
+MinsonLee
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 3454b8ac357293015980af0eaa077b151f71f202 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2024 03:03:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0929/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 6cf5376ffa8..0b4ad636e1d 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -46,12 +46,13 @@
 BingCoke
 Ein Verne
 Pan, Wen-Ming
-linuxwd
 lewis1573
 leo
 kid1412621
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
 myliwenbo
@@ -59,8 +60,6 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-Yidan Wang
-jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -75,6 +74,8 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
+c2ch
+Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
 谢民皆
@@ -106,7 +107,6 @@
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
-MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
 Wang
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
 HighScorePlayer
 Herbert8
 Guiying Li
+FunKeen
 Frankie
 Divenire
 Derek
@@ -136,7 +137,6 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -165,7 +165,8 @@
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Mystic
+Mystic
+MinsonLee
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 0db6aa6243718b2ab3a7f76f02ffc41abcd71eca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: FunKeen <112614943+FunKeen@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2024 21:30:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0930/1052] doc: update command/awk.md (#590)

---
 command/awk.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/awk.md b/command/awk.md
index 00145315da7..9a540cb3d81 100644
--- a/command/awk.md
+++ b/command/awk.md
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ awk 'NR%2==1{next}{print NR,$0;}' text.txt
 
 当记录行号除以2余1，就跳过当前行。下面的`print NR,$0`也不会执行。下一行开始，程序有开始判断`NR%2`值。这个时候记录行号是`：2` ，就会执行下面语句块：`'print NR,$0'`
 
-分析发现需要将包含有“web”行进行跳过，然后需要将内容与下面行合并为一行：
+跳过以“web”为首的行，再将该行内容分别与下面不以“web”为首的行合并打印，使用一个“：”和一个制表符连接：
 
 ```shell
 cat text.txt
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ web03[192.168.2.102]
 mysqld            ok
 httpd               ok
 0
-awk '/^web/{T=$0;next;}{print T":"t,$0;}' text.txt
+awk '/^web/{T=$0;next;}{print T":\t"$0;}' text.txt
 web01[192.168.2.100]:   httpd            ok
 web01[192.168.2.100]:   tomcat               ok
 web01[192.168.2.100]:   sendmail               ok

From d8438272b0bf5913a260a28822566583c8f4c1e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2024 13:31:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0931/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0f8d193c9ee..6da01a1f3e1 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -361,6 +361,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
+MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
 Wang
@@ -381,7 +382,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 HighScorePlayer
 Herbert8
 Guiying Li
-FunKeen
 Frankie
 Divenire
 Derek
@@ -391,6 +391,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -419,8 +420,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Mystic
-MinsonLee
+Mystic
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 7553e4f483b86a1c6d9e1ae09f82750d663d2da7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2024 13:31:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0932/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 0b4ad636e1d..b92b768b4ce 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
+MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
 Wang
@@ -127,7 +128,6 @@
 HighScorePlayer
 Herbert8
 Guiying Li
-FunKeen
 Frankie
 Divenire
 Derek
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -165,8 +166,7 @@
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Mystic
-MinsonLee
+Mystic
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From f9de3eb62156ead712f9d852deb556132e00bdc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Q.Ben Zheng" <40693636+Zhengqbbb@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2024 09:33:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0933/1052] docs: add X-CMD social website (#591)

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6da01a1f3e1..bc9f51e9048 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/command/<命
 - [鸟哥的linux私房菜](http://linux.vbird.org/) - 非常适合Linux入门初学者看的教程。
 - [Linux公社](http://www.linuxidc.com/) - Linux相关的新闻、教程、主题、壁纸都有。
 - [Linux Today](http://www.linuxde.net) - Linux新闻资讯发布，Linux职业技术学习！。
+- [X-CMD](https://www.x-cmd.com/) - Shell + AWK 为核心增强原生命令输出以及交互体验，各种命令以及现代化软件包的介绍和使用教程，每日科技新闻资讯，欢迎浏览关注！
 
 ### 知识相关
 

From f686028a0f260eba0101fce5cbeb7b80cd75c9fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2024 01:34:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0934/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bc9f51e9048..2c50f0cc271 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -290,23 +290,23 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 xhal
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-Dazhuangw
-Alterem
-YH
-YEUNGCHIE
-Xrtero
-Xingwen Zhang
-Shan Chenyu
-RichardLCD
 BingCoke
 Ein Verne
+FunKeen
 Pan, Wen-Ming
-lewis1573
-leo
-kid1412621
-kassadin
+RichardLCD
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+YEUNGCHIE
+Dazhuangw
+Alterem
+YH
 juemuren4449
-jqz3.tech
+kassadin
+kid1412621
+leo
+lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -315,6 +315,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
+Yidan Wang
+jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -329,8 +331,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-c2ch
-Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
 谢民皆

From 071e0c0aa1535c828b42ba71b5933e698035a7cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2024 01:34:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0935/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index b92b768b4ce..c4c13664ab2 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -35,23 +35,23 @@
 xhal
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-Dazhuangw
-Alterem
-YH
-YEUNGCHIE
-Xrtero
-Xingwen Zhang
-Shan Chenyu
-RichardLCD
 BingCoke
 Ein Verne
+FunKeen
 Pan, Wen-Ming
-lewis1573
-leo
-kid1412621
-kassadin
+RichardLCD
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+YEUNGCHIE
+Dazhuangw
+Alterem
+YH
 juemuren4449
-jqz3.tech
+kassadin
+kid1412621
+leo
+lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
+Yidan Wang
+jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -74,8 +76,6 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-c2ch
-Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
 谢民皆

From e479f15adfb16f08b5f0c8e6cd09dcd65eef1cd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hotdogc1017 
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 10:19:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0936/1052] =?UTF-8?q?docs(find=E5=91=BD=E4=BB=A4):=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8B=93=E5=B1=95`find`=E5=91=BD=E4=BB=A4=E6=8F=8F=E8=BF=B0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A5=E5=8F=8A=E8=A1=A5=E5=85=85=E9=A2=9D=E5=A4=96=E7=9A=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=A1=A8=E8=BE=BE=E5=BC=8F=E9=80=89=E9=A1=B9=20(#593)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 command/find.md | 399 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 369 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/find.md b/command/find.md
index d6c5521366b..96612ab8420 100644
--- a/command/find.md
+++ b/command/find.md
@@ -3,18 +3,43 @@ find
 
 在指定目录下查找文件
 
+## 解释
+
+从每个指定的起始点 (目录) 开始，搜索以该点为根的目录树，并按照运算符优先级规则**从左至右**评估给定的表达式，直到结果确定，此时`find`会继续处理下一个文件名。
+
 ## 补充说明
 
-**find命令** 用来在指定目录下查找文件。任何位于参数之前的字符串都将被视为欲查找的目录名。如果使用该命令时，不设置任何参数，则find命令将在当前目录下查找子目录与文件。并且将查找到的子目录和文件全部进行显示。
+本文列出的选项指的是**表达式列表中的选项**。这些选项控制了`find`的行为，需在**最后一个路径名之后**立即指定。
 
-### 语法
+五个真实选项: `-H、-L、-P、-D 和 -O`。如果出现，**必须位于第一个路径名之前**。关于这部分内容本文不做描述，具体内容可参考[man7.org中的find](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/find.1.html#top_of_page)
 
+如果使用该命令时，不设置任何参数，则`find`命令将在当前目录下查找子目录与文件，并且将查找到的子目录和文件全部进行显示。等效于以下命令:
 ```shell
-find(选项)(参数)
+find . -print
 ```
 
-### 选项
+## 语法
+
+```shell
+find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-D debugopts] [-Olevel] [起始点...] [表达式]
+```
 
+忽略真实选项后 (更为常见): 
+```shell
+find [起始点...] [表达式]
+```
+
+## 表达式分类
+起始点（列表）之后的部分是表达式。这是一种**查询规范**，描述了我们如何匹配文件（返回**真**或者**假**）以及对匹配到的文件进行何种操作。表达式由一系列元素组成：
+- 测试（Tests）：测试返回一个真或假值，通常基于我们正在考虑的文件的某个属性。例如，`-empty`测试仅在当前文件为空时为真。
+- 操作（Actions）：操作具有副作用（例如在标准输出上打印内容），并返回真或假，通常基于它们是否成功。例如，`-print`操作会在标准输出上打印当前文件的名称。
+- 全局（Global）：全局选项影响命令行中任何部分指定的测试和操作的执行。全局选项始终返回真值。例如，`-depth`选项使find以深度优先的顺序遍历文件系统。
+- 位置（Positional）：位置选项仅影响其后的测试或操作。位置选项始终返回真值。例如，`-regextype`选项是位置选项，用于指定命令行中后续正则表达式所使用的正则表达式方言。
+- 操作符（Operators）：运算符将表达式中的其他项连接起来。例如，它们包括`-o`（表示逻辑或）和`-a`（表示逻辑与）。如果缺少运算符，则默认使用`-a`。
+
+## 表达式选项
+
+### 测试选项
 ```shell
 -amin<分钟>：查找在指定时间曾被存取过的文件或目录，单位以分钟计算；
 -anewer<参考文件或目录>：查找其存取时间较指定文件或目录的存取时间更接近现在的文件或目录；
@@ -22,65 +47,379 @@ find(选项)(参数)
 -cmin<分钟>：查找在指定时间之时被更改过的文件或目录；
 -cnewer<参考文件或目录>查找其更改时间较指定文件或目录的更改时间更接近现在的文件或目录；
 -ctime<24小时数>：查找在指定时间之时被更改的文件或目录，单位以24小时计算；
--daystart：从本日开始计算时间；
--depth：从指定目录下最深层的子目录开始查找；
 -empty：寻找文件大小为0 Byte的文件，或目录下没有任何子目录或文件的空目录；
--exec<执行指令>：假设find指令的回传值为True，就执行该指令；
+-executable 匹配当前用户可执行的文件和可搜索的目录。
 -false：将find指令的回传值皆设为False；
--fls<列表文件>：此参数的效果和指定“-ls”参数类似，但会把结果保存为指定的列表文件；
--follow：排除符号连接；
--fprint<列表文件>：此参数的效果和指定“-print”参数类似，但会把结果保存成指定的列表文件；
--fprint0<列表文件>：此参数的效果和指定“-print0”参数类似，但会把结果保存成指定的列表文件；
--fprintf<列表文件><输出格式>：此参数的效果和指定“-printf”参数类似，但会把结果保存成指定的列表文件；
 -fstype<文件系统类型>：只寻找该文件系统类型下的文件或目录；
 -gid<群组识别码>：查找符合指定之群组识别码的文件或目录；
 -group<群组名称>：查找符合指定之群组名称的文件或目录；
--help或--help：在线帮助；
 -ilname<范本样式>：此参数的效果和指定“-lname”参数类似，但忽略字符大小写的差别；
 -iname<范本样式>：此参数的效果和指定“-name”参数类似，但忽略字符大小写的差别；
 -inum：查找符合指定的inode编号的文件或目录；
 -ipath<范本样式>：此参数的效果和指定“-path”参数类似，但忽略字符大小写的差别；
 -iregex<范本样式>：此参数的效果和指定“-regexe”参数类似，但忽略字符大小写的差别；
+-iwholename 模式参见`-ipath`。此选项的可移植性较`-ipath`差。
 -links<连接数目>：查找符合指定的硬连接数目的文件或目录；
 -lname<范本样式>：指定字符串作为寻找符号连接的范本样式；
--ls：假设find指令的回传值为True，就将文件或目录名称列出到标准输出；
--maxdepth<目录层级>：设置最大目录层级；
--mindepth<目录层级>：设置最小目录层级；
 -mmin<分钟>：查找在指定时间曾被更改过的文件或目录，单位以分钟计算；
--mount：此参数的效果和指定“-xdev”相同；
 -mtime<24小时数>：查找在指定时间曾被更改过的文件或目录，单位以24小时计算；
 -name<范本样式>：指定字符串作为寻找文件或目录的范本样式；
 -newer<参考文件或目录>：查找其更改时间较指定文件或目录的更改时间更接近现在的文件或目录；
+-newerXY<引用>：如果正在考虑的文件的时间戳 X 比文件引用的时间戳 Y 更新则成功。
 -nogroup：找出不属于本地主机群组识别码的文件或目录；
--noleaf：不去考虑目录至少需拥有两个硬连接存在；
 -nouser：找出不属于本地主机用户识别码的文件或目录；
--ok<执行指令>：此参数的效果和指定“-exec”类似，但在执行指令之前会先询问用户，若回答“y”或“Y”，则放弃执行命令；
 -path<范本样式>：指定字符串作为寻找目录的范本样式；
 -perm<权限数值>：查找符合指定的权限数值的文件或目录；
--print：假设find指令的回传值为True，就将文件或目录名称列出到标准输出。格式为每列一个名称，每个名称前皆有“./”字符串；
--print0：假设find指令的回传值为True，就将文件或目录名称列出到标准输出。格式为全部的名称皆在同一行；
--printf<输出格式>：假设find指令的回传值为True，就将文件或目录名称列出到标准输出。格式可以自行指定；
--prune：不寻找字符串作为寻找文件或目录的范本样式;
+-readable：匹配当前用户可读的文件
 -regex<范本样式>：指定字符串作为寻找文件或目录的范本样式；
+-samefile 名称 文件与名称指向相同的 inode。
 -size<文件大小>：查找符合指定的文件大小的文件；
--true：将find指令的回传值皆设为True；
 -type<文件类型>：只寻找符合指定的文件类型的文件；
 -uid<用户识别码>：查找符合指定的用户识别码的文件或目录；
 -used<日数>：查找文件或目录被更改之后在指定时间曾被存取过的文件或目录，单位以日计算；
 -user<拥有者名称>：查找符和指定的拥有者名称的文件或目录；
--version或——version：显示版本信息；
--xdev：将范围局限在先行的文件系统中；
+-writable：匹配当前用户可写入的文件。
 -xtype<文件类型>：此参数的效果和指定“-type”参数类似，差别在于它针对符号连接检查。
+-context<表达式>：仅限 SELinux。文件的安全上下文与全局模式匹配
 ```
 
-### 参数
+### 操作选项
+
+#### -delete 删除文件或目录。
+> :warning:警告：find 命令会将命令行作为表达式进行解析，因此将`-delete`放在首位会将指定的起始点下的**所有内容删除**。且`-delete`操作无法删除一个目录，除非它是空的。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+如果删除成功则返回真。若删除失败，将显示错误消息，并且 find 最终退出时的状态码将为非零。
+
+##### 相关选项
+- **-depth**：在命令行中使用`-delete`操作会自动启用`-depth`选项。为了避免意外情况，通常最好在早期的**Tests选项**中**明确使用**`-depth`选项。
+- **-prune**：由于`-depth`会使`-prune`失效，因此`-delete`操作无法与`-prune`有效结合使用。通常，用户可能希望在实际删除操作前，先用带有`-print`的查找命令行进行测试，以确保在添加`-delete`进行实际删除时不会出现意外结果。
+- **-ignore_readdir_race**：`-delete`与此选项一起使用时，find 会忽略自父目录读取以来文件已消失的情况下`-delete`操作的错误：它不会输出错误诊断，不会将退出代码更改为非零，并且`-delete`操作的返回代码将为真。
+
+#### -exec 执行命令
+
+> :warning:警告：使用`-exec`操作存在不可避免的安全问题，应改用`-execdir`选项。
+
+##### 参数
+`command ;` 或 `command {} +`
+
+##### 描述
+如果返回状态为 0，则结果为真。**注意**：find 命令会将**所有后续参数**视为`command`的参数，直到遇到包含`;`的参数为止。字符串`{}`会在`command`的参数中所有出现的位置被替换为当前正在处理的文件名，而不仅仅是在它单独出现的参数中，这与某些版本的 find 不同。这两种结构可能需要使用反斜杠`\`或引号来转义，以防止被 shell 扩展。指定的命令会为每个匹配的文件运行一次。命令在起始目录中执行。
+
+#### -execdir 在包含匹配文件的子目录中执行命令
+
+##### 参数
+`command ;` | `command {} +`
+
+##### 描述
+类似于`-exec`，但指定的`command`会在包含匹配文件的**子目录中运行**，而非find的起始点目录。与`-exec`一样，如果从shell调用find，`{}`应加引号。这是一种更安全的调用`command`方式，因为它避免了在解析匹配文件路径时出现的竞争条件。与`-exec`操作类似，`+`形式的`-execdir`会构建一个命令行来处理多个匹配文件，但任何给定的`command`调用只会列出存在于同一子目录中的文件。如果使用此选项，必须确保 PATH 环境变量未引用`.`，否则攻击者可以通过在您将运行`-execdir`的目录中留下一个适当命名的文件来运行任何命令。同样，PATH 中的条目**不应为空**或**非绝对目录名**。如果使用`+`形式的任何调用以非零值作为退出状态返回，则 find 也会返回非零退出状态。如果 find 遇到错误，有时会导致立即退出，**因此某些待处理的command可能根本不会运行**。 操作结果取决于使用的是`+`还是`;`变体。`-execdir command {} + `总是返回真，而  `-execdir command {} ;`仅在命令返回 0 时返回真。
+
+#### -fls 创建文件并将结果写入文件
+
+##### 参数
+`file`
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。`-fls`类似于`-ls`和`-fprint`，但`-fls`会将结果写入文件中。无论谓词是否匹配，输出文件始终会被创建。有关文件名中特殊字符处理的信息，请参阅“特殊文件名处理”部分。
+
+#### -fprint 将完整文件名打印到指定文件中
+
+##### 参数
+`file`
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。若运行 find 时`file`不存在，则创建该`file`；若`file`已存在，则截断其内容。文件名`/dev/stdout`和`/dev/stderr`有特殊处理，分别指向标准输出和标准错误输出。即使谓词从未匹配，输出文件也会始终创建。
+
+#### -fprint0
+
+##### 参数
+`file`
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。类似于`-print0`，但将输出写入文件；类似于`-fprint`。即使谓词从未匹配，输出文件也始终会被创建。
+
+#### -fprintf
+
+##### 参数
+`file`
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。类似于`-printf`，但将输出写入文件；类似于`-fprint`，即使谓词从未匹配，输出文件也会始终创建。
+
+#### -ls 列出当前文件并输出到标准输出
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。以`ls -dils`格式列出当前文件并输出到标准输出。块计数为 1 KB 块，除非设置了环境变量 POSIXLY_CORRECT，此时使用 512 字节块。
+
+#### -ok 执行命令前询问用户
+
+##### 参数
+`command ;`
+
+##### 描述
+类似于`-exec`，但首先会询问用户。如果用户同意，则运行该命令；否则仅返回 false。若运行该命令，其标准输入将被重定向至`/dev/null`。对提示的响应会与一对正则表达式进行匹配，以确定其为肯定或否定回答。若设置POSIXLY_CORRECT 环境变量，则该正则表达式从系统获取；否则，从 find 的消息翻译中获取。如果系统没有合适的定义，将使用 find 自身的定义。无论哪种情况，正则表达式本身的解释都会受到环境变量 LC_CTYPE（字符类）和 LC_COLLATE（字符范围和等价类）的影响。
+
+##### 相关选项
+- **-files0-from**：不能与`-ok`同时指定。
+
+#### -okdir
+
+##### 参数
+`command ;`
+
+##### 描述
+类似于`-execdir`，但在执行前会以与`-ok`相同的方式询问用户。如果用户不同意，则直接返回 false。如果命令被执行，其标准输入将从`/dev/null`重定向。
+
+##### 相关选项
+- **-files0-from**：不能与`-okdir`同时指定。
+
+#### -print 打印完整文件名，后跟一个换行符
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。如果你将 find 的输出通过管道传输到另一个程序，并且你正在搜索的文件可能包含换行符，那么应该考虑使用`-print0`而不是`-print`。
+
+#### -print0 打印完整文件名，后跟一个空字符
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。包含换行符或其他类型空白字符的文件名能被正确解析，以便处理 find 输出的程序能正确理解。此选项对应于`xargs`的`-0`选项。
+
+#### -printf 打印格式
+
+##### 参数
+`format`
+
+可用的转义字符和指令包括：
+- \a 警报。
+- \b 退格键。
+- \c 立即停止打印并清空输出。
+- \f 换页。
+- \n 换行。
+- \r 回车符。
+- \t 水平制表符。
+- \v 垂直制表符。
+- \0 空字符。
+- \\\ 一个字面的反斜杠`\`。
+- \NNN 字符，其 ASCII 码为 NNN（八进制）。
+- A 一个反斜杠字符`\`后跟任何其他字符，都会被视为普通字符，因此它们都会被打印出来。
+- %% 一个字面的百分号。
+- %a 文件的最后访问时间，格式为 C 语言 ctime(3)函数返回的样式。
+ .....更多内容待补充
+
+##### 描述
+*暂无*
+
+#### -prune 如果文件是目录，则不进入该目录
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+此选项始终返回真。
+
+##### 相关选项
+- **-depth**：如果指定了`-depth`，那么`-prune`将无效。
+- **-delete**：因为`-delete`隐含了`-depth`，所以不能有效地同时使用两者。
+
+#### -quit 立即退出
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+如果没有发生错误，则返回值为零。这与`-prune `不同，因为`-prune`仅适用于被修剪目录的内容，而`-quit`则使 find 立即停止。不会有任何子进程继续运行。在程序退出之前，任何通过`-exec ... +`或`-execdir ... +`构建的命令行都会被调用。执行`-quit`后，命令行中指定的文件将不再被处理。例如，`find /tmp/foo /tmp/bar -print -quit`将仅打印 `/tmp/foo`。`-quit`的一个常见用途是在找到所需内容后停止搜索文件系统。
+
+### 全局选项
+始终返回真值。全局选项对命令行中较早出现的测试也会生效。为避免混淆，全局选项应在命令行上列出**起始点之后、第一个测试选项、位置选项或操作选项之前指定**。若在其他位置指定全局选项，find 会发出警告消息，说明这可能引起混淆。
+
+> 全局选项出现在起始点列表之后，因此与例如`-L` 这样的选项不属于同一类别。
+
+#### -d `-depth`的同义词
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+仅用于与 FreeBSD、NetBSD、MacOS X 和 OpenBSD 兼容。
+
+#### -depth 遍历级别
+
+##### 参数
+`levels`
+
+##### 描述
+在处理目录本身之前，先处理目录中的内容。`-delete`操作也隐含了`-depth`。
+
+#### -files0-from 从文件中读取起始点，而非通过命令行获取。
+
+##### 参数
+`file`
+
+##### 描述
+
+使用此选项可以安全地给 find 命令传递任意数量的起始点。使用此选项和在命令行中传递起始点**是互斥的**，因此不允许同时进行。文件参数是强制性的。文件中的起始点必须用 ASCII NUL 字符分隔。两个连续的 NUL 字符，即带有零长度文件名的起始点是不允许的，这将导致错误诊断，并随后产生非零退出码。
+
+与标准调用不同，在标准调用中，如果没有传递路径参数，find 会默认将当前目录作为起始点。起始点的处理方式与其他情况相同，例如，find 命令会递归进入子目录，除非另有阻止。若要仅处理起始点，可以额外传递`-maxdepth 0`参数。
+
+**其他说明**：如果一个文件在输入文件中被列出多次，则其是否会被多次访问未作规定。如果在查找操作期间文件被修改，结果同样未作规定。最后，find 退出时（无论是通过`-quit`还是其他方式），命名文件中的查找位置也未作规定。此处**未作规定**意味着它**可能有效也可能无效**，**或者不做任何特定的事情**，并且该行为可能因平台或 findutils 版本而异。
+
+> :bulb:可以使用`-files0-from`**从标准输入流中读取起始点列表**，例如从管道中读取。在这种情况下，不允许使用`-ok`和`-okdir`操作，因为它们会干扰从标准输入读取以获取用户确认。
+
+> :warning:警告：如果给定文件为空，find 不会处理任何起始点，因此在解析完程序参数后会立即退出。
+
+#### -help 和 --help 打印 find 命令行用法的摘要并退出。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+*无描述*
+
+#### -ignore_readdir_race
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+通常情况下，当 find 无法对文件进行状态检查（stat）时，会发出错误消息。如果您**启用此选项**，并且在 find 从目录读取文件名，到尝试进行状态检查**之间的时间内文件被删除**，则不会发出任何错误消息。这也适用于命令行中指定的文件或目录。此选项在命令行读取时生效，这意味着您不能在文件系统的某部分启用此选项，而在另一部分禁用它（如果需要这样做，您需要发出两个 find 命令，一个启用选项，一个不启用）。此外，使用`-ignore_readdir_race`选项时，如果在读取父目录后文件已消失，find 命令将忽略`-delete`操作的错误：它不会输出错误诊断信息，并且`-delete`操作的返回码将为真。
+
+####  -maxdepth 最大遍历级别
+
+##### 参数
+`levels`
+
+##### 描述
+最多向下遍历 levels 级（一个非负整数）目录层级。使用`-maxdepth 0`表示**仅对起始点本身**应用测试和操作。
+
+#### -mindepth 最小遍历级别
+
+##### 参数
+`levels`
+
+##### 描述
+在小于指定级别（非负整数）的层级上不执行任何测试或操作。使用`-mindepth 1`表示处理**除起始点外的所有文件**。
+
+#### -mount 不在其他文件系统中下降目录
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+这是`-xdev`的替代名称，用于与其他一些版本的 find 兼容。
+
+#### -noignore_readdir_race
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+关闭了`-ignore_readdir_race`的效果。
+
+#### -noleaf 不进行优化。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+不通过假设目录包含比其硬链接数少 2 个子目录来进行优化。在搜索不遵循 Unix 目录链接惯例的文件系统时，需要此选项，例如 CD-ROM、MS-DOS 文件系统或 AFS 卷挂载点。在正常的 Unix 文件系统上，每个目录至少有 2 个硬链接：其名称及其`.`条目。此外，其子目录（如果有）各自有一个指向该目录的`..`条目。当 find 检查一个目录时，在它已经统计了比目录链接数少 2 个子目录之后，它知道该目录中的其余条目是非目录（目录树中的“叶”文件）。如果只需要检查文件的名称，则无需对其进行状态检查；这可以显著提高搜索速度。
+
+#### -version 和 --version 打印 find 的版本号并退出。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+*无描述*
+
+#### -xdev 不进入其他文件系统的目录。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+*无描述*
+
+### 位置选项
+始终返回真值。它们仅影响命令行中后续的测试。
+
+#### -daystart 从今天开始
+
+> 用于 `-amin`、`-atime`、`-cmin`、`-ctime`、`-mmin` 和 `-mtime`
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+从今天开始而非从 24 小时前开始。此选项仅影响命令行中后续出现的测试。
+
+#### ~~-follow~~ 解引用符号链接。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+**已弃用，请改用`-L`选项**。隐含`-noleaf`。`-follow`选项仅影响命令行中出现在其后的那些测试。除非已指定`-H`或`-L`选项，否则`-follow`选项的位置会改变`-newer`谓词的行为；作为`-newer`参数列出的任何文件，如果它们是符号链接，则会被解引用。同样的情况适用于`-newerXY`、`-anewer`和`-cnewer`。类似地，`-type `谓词将始终匹配符号链接所指向的文件类型，而非链接本身。使用`-follow`会导致  `-lname`和`-ilname`谓词始终返回 false。
+
+#### -regextype 更改正则表达式语法
+
+##### 参数
+`type`
+
+##### 描述
+更改`-regex`和`-iregex`测试在命令行后续部分所理解的正则表达式语法。要查看已知的正则表达式类型，请使用`-regextype help`。Texinfo 文档解释了各种正则表达式类型的含义及其差异。如果您不使用此选项，find 的行为如同已指定正则表达式类型为`emacs`。
+
+#### -warn 和 -nowarn 开启或关闭警告消息。
+
+##### *无参数*
+
+##### 描述
+这些警告仅适用于命令行使用，不适用于 find 在搜索目录时可能遇到的情况。默认行为是：如果标准输入是`tty`，则对应`-warn`；否则对应`-nowarn`。如果产生与命令行使用相关的警告消息，find 的退出状态不受影响。如果设置了 POSIXLY_CORRECT 环境变量，并且也使用了`-warn`，则未指定哪些（如果有）警告会被激活。
+
+### 运算符选项
+运算符按优先级递减顺序列出：
+- `(expr)` 强制优先级。由于括号对 shell 有特殊含义，通常需要对它们进行引用。许多示例为此使用了反斜杠：`\(...\)` 而非 `(...)`。
+- `! expr` 若表达式为假则结果为真（取反）。此字符通常也需要防止被 shell 解释。
+
+> :bulb:提示：当`-a`隐式指定（例如两个测试之间没有显式运算符）或显式指定时，其优先级高于`-o`。例如，`find . -name foo -o -name bar -print`永远不会打印`foo`。
+
+#### -not
+
+##### 参数
+`expr`
+
+##### 描述
+等同于`! expr`，但不符合 POSIX 标准。
+
+#### -a 
+
+##### 参数
+`expr1` -a `expr2`
+
+##### 描述
+两个连续的表达式被视为隐含地用`-a`连接；如果`expr1`为假，则不评估`expr2`。等同于`expr1 expr2`。
+
+#### -and
+
+##### 参数
+`expr1` -and `expr2`
+
+##### 描述
+与`-a`相同。但不符合 POSIX 标准。
+
+#### -o
+
+##### 参数
+`expr1` -o `expr2`
+
+##### 描述
+`expr1`和`expr2`始终都会被评估。`expr1`的值会被丢弃；列表的值即为`expr2`的值。逗号运算符（`,`）在搜索多种不同类型的事物时非常有用，但只会遍历文件系统层次结构一次。`-fprintf`动作可用于将各种匹配项列出到多个不同的输出文件中。若`expr1`为真，则不评估`expr2`。
+#### -or
+
+##### 参数
+`expr1` -or `expr2`
 
-起始目录：查找文件的起始目录。
+##### 描述
+与`-o`相同。但不符合 POSIX 标准。
 
-### 实例
+## 例子
 
+当前目录搜索所有文件，且文件内容包含 “140.206.111.111” 
 ```shell
-# 当前目录搜索所有文件，文件内容 包含 “140.206.111.111” 的内容
 find . -type f -name "*" | xargs grep "140.206.111.111"
 ```
 

From be1fb35497ef07b9c11ca542ebee05248f968361 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 02:20:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0937/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2c50f0cc271..49a4b0a773b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
 kid1412621
@@ -315,8 +316,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-Yidan Wang
-jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -331,6 +330,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
+c2ch
+Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
 谢民皆
@@ -392,7 +393,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -421,6 +421,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成

From ead3b5460a6d13b25e03ccdee24b05ef75e13f9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2024 02:20:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0938/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index c4c13664ab2..9b51e3691fd 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
 kid1412621
@@ -60,8 +61,6 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-Yidan Wang
-jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -76,6 +75,8 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
+c2ch
+Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
 谢民皆
@@ -137,7 +138,6 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
   
   


From 6545af6381e10908c5f954a7b76f6aaa8eda5b1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?=
 
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 15:25:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0939/1052] doc: Update README.md #595

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 49a4b0a773b..c4203235e3e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/),[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)
+[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/),[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 

From ef397aec19745e23f24eba1dd237b7dc14a93068 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 07:26:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0940/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c4203235e3e..c9ec9c2ec57 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -319,6 +319,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
+hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
 ghy
 gesty
@@ -330,7 +331,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-c2ch
 Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
@@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
+c2ch
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From 5f8043de11b823018e95aef0500e67bb435ef479 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 07:26:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0941/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 9b51e3691fd..f2cf5f0e086 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
+hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
 ghy
 gesty
@@ -75,7 +76,6 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-c2ch
 Yidan Wang
 Panthea Johnson
 远方
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
+c2ch
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From 774d3af78e3d3203b3edc03f3e759e51a1e63e91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?=
 
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 01:08:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0942/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c9ec9c2ec57..9c3e2d11ec9 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/),[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)
+[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 

From 15c63feb00972d728585fa13b965af2d2a789cc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zyy2477 
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2024 21:19:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0943/1052] doc: update axel.md (#596)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* Update axel.md

添加 axel 源码安装方法。

* Update axel.md

更新 axel 源码安装和 -k 参数
---
 command/axel.md | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/axel.md b/command/axel.md
index 74915d6e15f..0d38af3af37 100644
--- a/command/axel.md
+++ b/command/axel.md
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ axel
 
 ###  安装
 
+#### 源码安装
+
+github地址：https://github.com/axel-download-accelerator/axel
+
+下载相应的 release 版本后，解压进入目录执行`./configure && make && make install`安装即可。
+
+#### 二进制安装
+
 CentOS安装Axel：
 
 目前yum源上没有Axel，我们可以到 http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/ 下载rpm包安装。
@@ -54,6 +62,7 @@ axel [options] url1 [url2] [url...]
 --alternate ， -a            # Alternate progress indicator
 --help ，-h                  # 帮助
 --version ，-V               # 版本信息
+--insecure，-k	             # 不验证SSL证书
 ```
 
 ###  实例

From 6079545fee37e9800eda0734d6423c5357efdb05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2024 13:19:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0944/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9c3e2d11ec9..c6961bae31c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 cxalc
 Forever121
 Yidan Wang
-Panthea Johnson
+Wendy May
 远方
 谢民皆
 Kyofin
@@ -344,9 +344,9 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Loofra
 Wei Xu
 尘埃
-宋小北
 孤城落寞
 七朔
+zyy2477
 zyimm
 zuixin369
 zoomdong

From d88ec7ce3ef17d3542e8ad285b9b3bb937a52df1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2024 13:19:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0945/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index f2cf5f0e086..0d1361025b2 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 cxalc
 Forever121
 Yidan Wang
-Panthea Johnson
+Wendy May
 远方
 谢民皆
 Kyofin
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@
 Loofra
 Wei Xu
 尘埃
-宋小北
 孤城落寞
 七朔
+zyy2477
 zyimm
 zuixin369
 zoomdong

From 7155c78adc11f4e340ea0fba6d565db2270be4e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zyy2477 
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 16:49:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0946/1052] doc: Update iostat.md (#599)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

从 Linux 2.6.18 内核的 iostat 更新到 4.18.0 内核的 iostat。并参数说明和示例
---
 command/iostat.md | 208 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 156 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/iostat.md b/command/iostat.md
index 0bf3d25e003..0ab85f2d431 100644
--- a/command/iostat.md
+++ b/command/iostat.md
@@ -1,74 +1,178 @@
-iostat
-===
+# iostat
 
-监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况
+iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。
+iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。
 
-## 补充说明
+## 安装 iostat
 
-**iostat命令** 被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。
+iostat包含在**sysstat**包内。如果你没有，你首先需要安装它。
+在 RedHat / CentOS / Fedora
 
-###  语法
+```bash
+yum install sysstat 
+```
+
+在 Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get install sysstat
+```
 
-```shell
+## 语法
+
+```bash
 iostat(选项)(参数)
 ```
 
-###  选项
-
-```shell
--c：仅显示CPU使用情况；
--d：仅显示设备利用率；
--k：显示状态以千字节每秒为单位，而不使用块每秒；
--m：显示状态以兆字节每秒为单位；
--p：仅显示块设备和所有被使用的其他分区的状态；
--t：显示每个报告产生时的时间；
--V：显示版号并退出；
--x：显示扩展状态。
+### 选项
+
+```bash
+# iostat --help
+Usage: iostat [ options ] [  [  ] ]
+Options are:
+[ -c ] [ -d ] [ -h ] [ -k | -m ] [ -N ] [ -s ] [ -t ] [ -V ] [ -x ] [ -y ] [ -z ]
+[ -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ --human ] [ -o JSON ]
+[ [ -H ] -g  ] [ -p [  [,...] | ALL ] ]
+```
+
+参数说明：
+```
+-c         输出CPU统计信息。不能与-d参数同时使用。
+-d         输出设备和分区的I/O统计信息。不能与-c参数同时使用。(默认的参数是-d)。
+-h         让人类更容易阅读设备使用情况报告。--human使用此选项隐式启用。
+-k         用“kbytes/秒”代替“块/秒”显示统计信息。
+-m         用“mbytes/秒”代替“块/秒”显示统计信息。
+-t         打印显示的每份报告的时间。
+-V         显示版本号并退出。
+-x         显示扩展统计信息。不能与参数-p同时使用。
+-y         如果在给定时间间隔内显示多条记录，则省略自系统启动以来的第一份统计报告。
+-z         告诉 iostat 忽略在样本期间没有活动的设备的输出。
+-j         显示持久的设备名称。选项ID、LABEL等指定持久名称的类型。
+--human    以人类可读格式打印大小(例如1.0k, 1.2M等)。使用此选项显示的单位取代与度量相关的任何其他默认单位(例如千字节，扇区…)。
+-o         以JSON (Javascript Object Notation)格式显示统计数据。JSON输出字段顺序未定义，未来可能会添加新字段。
+-H         该选项必须与-g一起使用，表示只显示组的全局统计信息，而不显示组中单个设备的统计信息。
+-p         选项显示系统使用的块设备及其所有分区的统计信息。如果在命令行中输入一个设备名，那么将显示该设备及其所有分区的统计信息。最后，ALL关键字表示必须显示系统定义的所有块设备和分区的统计信息，包括那些从未使用过的设备和分区。如果在此选项之前定义了选项-j，则可以使用所选的持久名称类型指定在命令行上输入的设备。
+```
+
+### 参数
+
+interval 刷新时间间隔
+count 刷新次数
+
+## 运行示例
+
+### 示例1
+
+```bash
+# iostat
+Linux 4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 (node1) 	08/28/2024 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)
+
+avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
+           3.30    0.01    1.90    0.12    0.00   94.68
+
+Device             tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
+vda               7.85        84.22        36.59 1081853831  470049100
+
 ```
 
-###  参数
+第一部分包含了CPU报告
+
+| 性能指标 | 含义 |
+| --- | --- |
+| %user | 显示在用户级(应用程序)执行时发生的CPU利用率百分比。 |
+| %nice  | 显示在具有nice优先级的用户级别执行时发生的CPU利用率百分比。 |
+| %system | 显示在系统级(内核)执行时发生的CPU利用率百分比。 |
+| %iowait | 显示在系统有未完成的磁盘I/O请求期间CPU空闲的时间百分比。 |
+| %steal | 显示虚拟机监控程序为另一个虚拟处理器提供服务时，一个或多个虚拟CPU在非自愿等待上花费的时间百分比。 |
+| %idle | 显示CPU空闲且系统没有未完成的磁盘I/O请求的时间百分比。 |
+
+第二部分包含了设备利用率报告
+
+| 性能指标 | 含义 |
+| --- | --- |
+| Device | 此列给出了 /dev 目录中列出的设备（或分区）名称。 |
+| tps | 表示每秒向设备发出的传输次数。传输是对设备的 I/O 请求。多个逻辑请求可合并为对设备的一个 I/O 请求。传输大小不确定。 |
+| kB_read/s | 表示每秒从设备读取的数据量，以块数（千字节、兆字节）表示。块相当于扇区，因此大小为 512 字节。 |
+| kB_wrtn/s | 表示写入设备的数据量，以每秒块数（千字节、兆字节）表示。 |
+| kB_read | 读取的数据块总数（千字节、兆字节）。 |
+| kB_wrtn | 写入的数据块总数（千字节、兆字节）。 |
+
+### 示例2
+
+以更友好的显示方式显示 IO 信息，使用`-y`忽略第一份统计。并每隔 1 秒重新一次，共5次。
 
-*   间隔时间：每次报告的间隔时间（秒）；
-*   次数：显示报告的次数。
+```bash
+# iostat -hdy 1 5
+Linux 4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 (node1) 	08/28/2024 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)
 
-###  实例
+      tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn Device
+    64.00       288.0k       308.0k     288.0k     308.0k vda
 
-用`iostat -x /dev/sda1`来观看磁盘I/O的详细情况：
+      tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn Device
+    12.00         0.0k        84.0k       0.0k      84.0k vda
 
-```shell
-iostat -x /dev/sda1 
-Linux 2.6.18-164.el5xen (localhost.localdomain)
-2010年03月26日  
+      tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn Device
+    15.00         0.0k        36.0k       0.0k      36.0k vda
 
-avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait 
-%steal   %idle  
-            0.11    0.02    0.18    0.35   
-0.03    99.31  
+      tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn Device
+    28.00         0.0k        76.0k       0.0k      76.0k vda
+
+      tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn Device
+    11.00         0.0k       100.0k       0.0k     100.0k vda
 
-Device:         tps   Blk_read/s    Blk_wrtn/s  
-Blk_read   Blk_wrtn  
-sda1                0.02          0.08       
-0.00          2014               4 
 ```
 
-详细说明：第二行是系统信息和监测时间，第三行和第四行显示CPU使用情况（具体内容和mpstat命令相同）。这里主要关注后面I/O输出的信息，如下所示：
+### 示例3
+
+```bash
+# iostat -xd 1
+Linux 4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 (node1) 	08/28/2024 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)
+
+Device            r/s     w/s     rkB/s     wkB/s   rrqm/s   wrqm/s  %rrqm  %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
+vda              4.64    3.21     84.14     36.59     0.28     1.07   5.64  25.01    5.86    8.23   0.05    18.12    11.41   0.44   0.34
+
+Device            r/s     w/s     rkB/s     wkB/s   rrqm/s   wrqm/s  %rrqm  %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
+vda              1.00    0.00      4.00      0.00     0.00     0.00   0.00   0.00    1.00    0.00   0.00     4.00     0.00   2.00   0.20
 
+Device            r/s     w/s     rkB/s     wkB/s   rrqm/s   wrqm/s  %rrqm  %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
+vda              0.00   37.00      0.00    395.50     0.00    10.00   0.00  21.28    0.00    0.92   0.03     0.00    10.69   0.11   0.40
 
-标示 | 说明
---- | ---
-Device | 监测设备名称
-rrqm/s | 每秒需要读取需求的数量
-wrqm/s | 每秒需要写入需求的数量
-r/s | 每秒实际读取需求的数量
-w/s | 每秒实际写入需求的数量
-rsec/s | 每秒读取区段的数量
-wsec/s | 每秒写入区段的数量
-rkB/s | 每秒实际读取的大小，单位为KB
-wkB/s | 每秒实际写入的大小，单位为KB
-avgrq-sz | 需求的平均大小区段
-avgqu-sz | 需求的平均队列长度
-await | 等待I/O平均的时间（milliseconds）
-svctm | I/O需求完成的平均时间
-%util | 设备带宽的使用率，达到100%表示饱和，达到性能瓶颈，如果是支持处理并发请求的设备则不代表性能瓶颈。
+Device            r/s     w/s     rkB/s     wkB/s   rrqm/s   wrqm/s  %rrqm  %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
+vda              0.00    0.00      0.00      0.00     0.00     0.00   0.00   0.00    0.00    0.00   0.00     0.00     0.00   0.00   0.00
 
+Device            r/s     w/s     rkB/s     wkB/s   rrqm/s   wrqm/s  %rrqm  %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
+vda              0.00    0.00      0.00      0.00     0.00     0.00   0.00   0.00    0.00    0.00   0.00     0.00     0.00   0.00   0.00
+
+Device            r/s     w/s     rkB/s     wkB/s   rrqm/s   wrqm/s  %rrqm  %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
+vda              1.00    0.00      4.00      0.00     0.00     0.00   0.00   0.00    1.00    0.00   0.00     4.00     0.00   1.00   0.10
+
+```
 
+从这里你可以看到，iostat 提供了非常丰富的性能指标。第一列的 Device 表示磁盘设备的名字，其他各列指标，虽然数量较多，但是每个指标的含义都很重要。
+
+| 性能指标 | 含义 |
+| --- | --- |
+| r/s | 设备每秒完成的读取请求数（合并后）。 |
+| w/s | 设备每秒完成的写入请求数（合并后）。 |
+| rkB/s | 每秒从设备读取的扇区数（千字节、兆字节）。 |
+| wkB/s | 每秒写入设备的扇区数（千字节、兆字节）。 |
+| rrqm/s | 每秒合并到设备的排队 I/O 请求数。 |
+| wrqm/s | 每秒合并到设备的写入请求数。 |
+| %rrqm | 在发送到设备之前合并在一起的读取请求的百分比。 |
+| %wrqm | 发送到设备前合并在一起的写入请求的百分比。 |
+| r_await | 向设备发出的读取请求获得服务的平均时间（毫秒）。这包括请求在队列中花费的时间和为请求提供服务的时间。 |
+| w_await | 向待服务设备发出写入请求的平均时间（毫秒）。这包括请求在队列中花费的时间和为请求提供服务的时间。 |
+| aqu-sz | 向设备发出的请求的平均队列长度。注意：在以前的版本中，该字段被称为 avgqu-sz。 |
+| rareq-sz | 向设备发出的读取请求的平均大小（千字节）。 |
+| wareq-sz | 向设备发出的写入请求的平均大小（千字节）。 |
+| svctm | 向设备发出的 I/O 请求的平均服务时间（毫秒）。警告！不要再相信这个字段了。 未来的 sysstat 版本将删除此字段。 |
+| %util | 向设备发出 I/O 请求所用时间的百分比（设备带宽利用率）。 对于串行服务请求的设备，当该值接近 100%，设备就会饱和。 但对于以并行方式提供请求的设备，如 RAID 阵列和现代固态硬盘，该数值并不能反映其性能极限。 |
+
+当 %iowait 升高，需要重点关注以下指标：
+
+- avgrq-sz:  向设备发出请求的平均大小（单位：扇区）
+- avgqu-sz:  向设备发出请求的队列平均长度。也是个做 IO 调优时需要注意的地方，这个就是直接每次操作的数据的大小，如果次数多，但数据拿的小的话，其实 IO 也会很小.如果数据拿的大，IO 的数据会高
+- r_await:   向服务设备发出读取请求的平均时间（单位：毫秒）。包括请求入队的时间以及设备处理请求的时间
+- w_await:   向服务设备发出写请求的平均时间（单位：毫秒）。包括请求入队的时间以及设备处理请求的时间
+- %util：一秒中有百分之多少的时间用于 I/O 操作，或者说一秒中有多少时间 I/O 队列是非空的。如果 %util 接近 100%，说明产生的I/O请求太多，I/O系统已经满负荷，该磁盘可能存在瓶颈
+- %svctm：平均每次设备 I/O 操作的服务时间 (毫秒)。一般要小于 await (因为同时等待的请求的等待时间被重复计算了)，svctm 的大小一般和磁盘性能有关，CPU/内存的负荷也会对其有影响，请求过多也会间接导致 svctm 的增加。await 的大小一般取决于服务时间(svctm) 以及 I/O 队列的长度和 I/O 请求的发出模式。如果 svctm 比较接近 await，说明 I/O 几乎没有等待时间；如果 await 远大于 svctm，说明 I/O 队列太长，应用得到的响应时间变慢，如果响应时间超过了用户可以容许的范围，这时可以考虑更换更快的磁盘，调整内核 elevator 算法，优化应用，或者升级 CPU

From 2f8778a1f7ed614dbd3778e1680f0f98f6426c0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 08:49:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0947/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c6961bae31c..e964f2474f5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Wang Yujia
 alfred
 沙漠之子
+zyy2477
 Shell
 xhal
 VVatt
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -315,8 +317,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
-jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
+c2ch
 Yidan Wang
 Wendy May
 远方
@@ -346,7 +347,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 尘埃
 孤城落寞
 七朔
-zyy2477
 zyimm
 zuixin369
 zoomdong
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
-c2ch
+oliver
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From 37bcd5ff8fd016a500d5287e151e16d8f1f54670 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2024 08:49:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0948/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 0d1361025b2..d6c1e7bb095 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 Wang Yujia
 alfred
 沙漠之子
+zyy2477
 Shell
 xhal
 VVatt
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -60,8 +62,6 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
-jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
+c2ch
 Yidan Wang
 Wendy May
 远方
@@ -91,7 +92,6 @@
 尘埃
 孤城落寞
 七朔
-zyy2477
 zyimm
 zuixin369
 zoomdong
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
-c2ch
+oliver
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From 80c5150c92a638fc9a8a69c6e8fe0cc90ed118cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zyy2477 
Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2024 15:57:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0949/1052] doc: update command/passwd.md (#600)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

添加通过 echo 命令结合管道符来修改密码的例子。
---
 command/passwd.md | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/passwd.md b/command/passwd.md
index 54651890747..a3f8df7368a 100644
--- a/command/passwd.md
+++ b/command/passwd.md
@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ Retype new UNIX password:    # 再输入一次；
 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.  # 成功；
 ```
 
+或通过管道符把`echo`命令和`passwd`命令的`--stdin`参数相结合，用一条命令来完成密码修改，无序交互。
+以 linuxde 用户的密码改成 123456 为例：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin linuxde
+Changing password for user linuxde.                        # 正在更改 linuxde 用户的密码。
+passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.    # passwd：所有身份验证令牌都已成功更新
+```
+
 普通用户如果想更改自己的密码，直接运行passwd即可，比如当前操作的用户是linuxde。
 
 ```shell

From b2bab26746038e501a8d367fea7530a9c629b959 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 13:35:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0950/1052] fix: correct formatting issue causing errors. #601

---
 command/iostat.md  |  3 ++-
 dist/data.json     | 14 ++++++++++++--
 dist/data.min.json |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/iostat.md b/command/iostat.md
index 0ab85f2d431..2c41ac779a5 100644
--- a/command/iostat.md
+++ b/command/iostat.md
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-# iostat
+iostat
+===
 
 iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。
 iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。
diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json
index a5301ee6e3b..75eae0c05a3 100644
--- a/dist/data.json
+++ b/dist/data.json
@@ -759,6 +759,11 @@
     "p": "/fgrep",
     "d": "为文件搜索文字字符串"
   },
+  "figlet": {
+    "n": "figlet",
+    "p": "/figlet",
+    "d": "字符串转为 “字画符”。"
+  },
   "file": {
     "n": "file",
     "p": "/file",
@@ -889,6 +894,11 @@
     "p": "/gpasswd",
     "d": "Linux下工作组文件的管理工具"
   },
+  "gpg": {
+    "n": "gpg",
+    "p": "/gpg",
+    "d": "可用于签名、检查、加密或解密的工具"
+  },
   "gpm": {
     "n": "gpm",
     "p": "/gpm",
@@ -1122,7 +1132,7 @@
   "iostat": {
     "n": "iostat",
     "p": "/iostat",
-    "d": "监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况"
+    "d": "iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。"
   },
   "iotop": {
     "n": "iotop",
@@ -1637,7 +1647,7 @@
   "mtr": {
     "n": "mtr",
     "p": "/mtr",
-    "d": "`mtr`结合了`traceroute`和`ping`程序的功能，是一款简单的网络诊断工具。  "
+    "d": "`mtr` 结合了 `traceroute` 和 `ping` 程序的功能，是一款简单的网络诊断工具"
   },
   "mv": {
     "n": "mv",
diff --git a/dist/data.min.json b/dist/data.min.json
index 02f10339d70..cb420adfeff 100644
--- a/dist/data.min.json
+++ b/dist/data.min.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"7z":{"n":"7z","p":"/7z","d":"拥有极高压缩比的开源压缩软件。"},"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"ag":{"n":"ag","p":"/ag","d":"ack 的升级版，C语言编写，更快更人性化"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian 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X 粘贴板"},"xhost":{"n":"xhost","p":"/xhost","d":"制哪些X客户端能够在X服务器上显示"},"xinit":{"n":"xinit","p":"/xinit","d":"是Linux下X-Window系统的初始化程序"},"xlsatoms":{"n":"xlsatoms","p":"/xlsatoms","d":"列出X服务器内部所有定义的原子成分"},"xlsclients":{"n":"xlsclients","p":"/xlsclients","d":"列出显示器中的客户端应用程序"},"xlsfonts":{"n":"xlsfonts","p":"/xlsfonts","d":"列出X Server使用的字体"},"xrandr":{"n":"xrandr","p":"/xrandr","d":"X 窗口系统配置管理工具"},"xset":{"n":"xset","p":"/xset","d":"设置X-Window系统中的用户爱好的实用工具"},"xz":{"n":"xz","p":"/xz","d":"POSIX 平台开发具有高压缩率的工具"},"yes":{"n":"yes","p":"/yes","d":"重复打印指定字符串"},"ypdomainname":{"n":"ypdomainname","p":"/ypdomainname","d":"显示主机的NIS的域名"},"yum":{"n":"yum","p":"/yum","d":"基于RPM的软件包管理器"},"zcat":{"n":"zcat","p":"/zcat","d":"显示压缩包中文件的内容"},"zfore":{"n":"zfore","p":"/zfore","d":"强制为gzip格式的压缩文件添加.gz后缀"},"zip":{"n":"zip","p":"/zip","d":"可以用来解压缩文件"},"zipinfo":{"n":"zipinfo","p":"/zipinfo","d":"用来列出压缩文件信息"},"zipsplit":{"n":"zipsplit","p":"/zipsplit","d":"将较大的zip压缩包分割成各个较小的压缩包"},"znew":{"n":"znew","p":"/znew","d":"将.Z压缩包重新转化为gzip命令压缩的.gz压缩包"}}
\ No newline at end of file

From 14ce75c9c8ca717e17628647bdc02679f3c051a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 05:35:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0951/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e964f2474f5..0d517ea15ec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -266,49 +266,49 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 L
 圆头圆脑
 clay-wangzhi
-Glett
 烟草的香味
-Jayin Tang
+Glett
 丛林意志
-Zijing Zhang
+Jayin Tang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-dulltackle
-ernest
+Zijing Zhang
 谈笑风生间
+ernest
+dulltackle
+zyy2477
 rgshare
 loverainye
+James Wang
+Lnkstls
 lavaicer
 SteveLauC
-Lnkstls
-James Wang
-Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
 alfred
+Qliangw
 沙漠之子
-zyy2477
 Shell
 xhal
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-FunKeen
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-RichardLCD
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
-Xrtero
-YEUNGCHIE
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-jcdj666
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-kid1412621
+YEUNGCHIE
+Xrtero
+Xingwen Zhang
+Shan Chenyu
+RichardLCD
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+FunKeen
+BingCoke
+Ein Verne
 leo
+kid1412621
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+jcdj666
 lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang

From 8555c10fb16118fa10cfaf4f3a483bb2e8b4bda4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 05:35:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0952/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 46 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index d6c1e7bb095..2eac794cb6d 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -11,49 +11,49 @@
 L
 圆头圆脑
 clay-wangzhi
-Glett
 烟草的香味
-Jayin Tang
+Glett
 丛林意志
-Zijing Zhang
+Jayin Tang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-dulltackle
-ernest
+Zijing Zhang
 谈笑风生间
+ernest
+dulltackle
+zyy2477
 rgshare
 loverainye
+James Wang
+Lnkstls
 lavaicer
 SteveLauC
-Lnkstls
-James Wang
-Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
 alfred
+Qliangw
 沙漠之子
-zyy2477
 Shell
 xhal
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-FunKeen
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-RichardLCD
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
-Xrtero
-YEUNGCHIE
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-jcdj666
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-kid1412621
+YEUNGCHIE
+Xrtero
+Xingwen Zhang
+Shan Chenyu
+RichardLCD
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+FunKeen
+BingCoke
+Ein Verne
 leo
+kid1412621
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+jcdj666
 lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang

From 424972567368f0518da79aac5c449afe3e645ffe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 13:44:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0953/1052] released v1.19.0

---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index c52d9644e3a..b4051540693 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "linux-command",
-  "version": "1.18.0",
+  "version": "1.19.0",
   "description": "Linux Command",
   "homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/",
   "main": "dist/data.json",

From 16c4a08fdee723e07ad6e9cb751a8198580e6b13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 15:21:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0954/1052] fix(docset): resolve error during docset file
 generation. #601

---
 scripts/dash.mjs | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/dash.mjs b/scripts/dash.mjs
index fc518caa074..fc62b40f9b5 100644
--- a/scripts/dash.mjs
+++ b/scripts/dash.mjs
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ async function build() {
 
   console.info('compressing tgz');
   // https://github.com/node-modules/compressing/issues/42 建议最好休眠15s，等待其余资源复制完毕
-  spawn("sleep", ['15'])
+  // 确保所有操作完成后再压缩
+  await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 30000)); // 增加到 30 秒
+
   const outputPath = pathJoin(process.cwd(), '.deploy', 'linux-command.docset.tgz');
   await tgz.compressDir(DOCSET_DIR, outputPath);
 }

From 3c6f616c5ffd74a5a74ef25733da300d9deb6242 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 15:22:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0955/1052] released v1.19.1 #601

---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b4051540693..bceaab71802 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "linux-command",
-  "version": "1.19.0",
+  "version": "1.19.1",
   "description": "Linux Command",
   "homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/",
   "main": "dist/data.json",

From 0f186819584d47074b67d3981a118c76aaddbdf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 15:24:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0956/1052] chore(deps-dev): bump sqlite3 from 5.0.8 to 5.1.5
 (#528)

Bumps [sqlite3](https://github.com/TryGhost/node-sqlite3) from 5.0.8 to 5.1.5.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/TryGhost/node-sqlite3/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/TryGhost/node-sqlite3/compare/v5.0.8...v5.1.5)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: sqlite3
  dependency-type: direct:development
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] 
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index bceaab71802..4045d316e8b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     "fs-extra": "~10.1.0",
     "markdown-to-html-cli": "~4.0.0",
     "sitemap-generator": "~8.5.1",
-    "sqlite3": "5.0.8",
+    "sqlite3": "5.1.5",
     "stylus": "~0.59.0",
     "uglify-js": "~3.17.0"
   },

From 7851b27f46d126cb59bb7bfd538e09e293e7edfc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 15:24:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0957/1052] chore(deps): update dependency uglify-js to ~3.19.0
 (#583)

Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 4045d316e8b..219e8a72373 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     "sitemap-generator": "~8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.1.5",
     "stylus": "~0.59.0",
-    "uglify-js": "~3.17.0"
+    "uglify-js": "~3.19.0"
   },
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=16.0.0"

From 27374284c18165a06c44a59ad3dbe2663b849dc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 15:34:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0958/1052] chore(deps): update dependency stylus to ~0.63.0
 (#522)

Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 219e8a72373..8bba58fe3ac 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     "markdown-to-html-cli": "~4.0.0",
     "sitemap-generator": "~8.5.1",
     "sqlite3": "5.1.5",
-    "stylus": "~0.59.0",
+    "stylus": "~0.63.0",
     "uglify-js": "~3.19.0"
   },
   "engines": {

From cb46889491b405aef4704741e2a2e84634ffcda4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: duzhuoshanwai <65448395+duzhuoshanwai@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 21:36:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0959/1052] doc: update docker.md (#603)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

添加新的安装方式
---
 command/docker.md | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/docker.md b/command/docker.md
index 7245dff9fde..5e293866f5e 100644
--- a/command/docker.md
+++ b/command/docker.md
@@ -37,6 +37,17 @@ sudo systemctl start docker
 
 ```
 
+```bash
+# Docker官方提供的快速安装脚本 https://github.com/docker/docker-install 
+# 不建议在生产环境中使用
+curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
+sudo sh ./get-docker.sh --dry-run
+
+# 使用systemctl设置开机启动
+sudo systemctl enable docker.service
+sudo systemctl enable containerd.service
+```
+
 ## 语法
 
 ```shell

From 6321537d9ffcf4300075c3ff58d19f7418199dd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 13:36:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0960/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0d517ea15ec..029e2a69740 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -266,13 +266,13 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 L
 圆头圆脑
 clay-wangzhi
-烟草的香味
 Glett
-丛林意志
+烟草的香味
 Jayin Tang
+丛林意志
+Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-Zijing Zhang
 谈笑风生间
 ernest
 dulltackle
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
-myliwenbo
+dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans

From c50c19a78f070c420d6d2bd57333d9ce563df0b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 13:36:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0961/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 2eac794cb6d..58eb30f9304 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 L
 圆头圆脑
 clay-wangzhi
-烟草的香味
 Glett
-丛林意志
+烟草的香味
 Jayin Tang
+丛林意志
+Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-Zijing Zhang
 谈笑风生间
 ernest
 dulltackle
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
-myliwenbo
+dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans

From f4645362823b263cca816edd9854539afab83c26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: will 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 13:19:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0962/1052] chore: Add kubernetes deployment (#605)

* add kubernetes deployment

* add kubernetes deployment README

* update deployment README

* update deployment yaml
---
 deploy/yamls/README.md          | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 114 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 deploy/yamls/README.md
 create mode 100644 deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml

diff --git a/deploy/yamls/README.md b/deploy/yamls/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7fe3316f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/yamls/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# 快速入门指南
+
+本指南旨在帮助您在 Kubernetes 中部署基于 `wcjiang/linux-command` 镜像的 `linux-command` 应用。该应用提供了一套 `Deployment`，并通过 `Service` 对外暴露服务端口。
+
+## 前提条件
+
+- 已安装并配置好的 Kubernetes 集群
+- 安装并配置好的 `kubectl`，并连接至你的 Kubernetes 集群
+
+## 安装步骤
+
+我们将使用此存储库中的`kubectl`应用 YAML 文件，该文件将安装 `linux-command` 应用。
+
+```bash
+$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml
+```
+
+检查 `Deployment` 状态：
+
+```bash
+$ kubectl get deployments -n linux-command
+NAME            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
+linux-command   1/1     1            1           17m
+```
+
+你可以查看 `Pod` 的状态以确保其正常运行：
+
+```bash
+$ kubectl get pods -n linux-command
+NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+linux-command-fff454654-427zp   1/1     Running   0          12m
+```
+
+验证 `Service` 是否成功创建并获取暴露的端口：
+
+```
+$ kubectl get services -n linux-command
+NAME                    TYPE       CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
+linux-command-service   NodePort   10.96.2.225           9665:30204/TCP   18m
+```
+
+## 访问应用
+
+通过获取 `NodePort` 的端口来访问应用。以下是获取 `NodePort` 服务信息的命令：
+
+```
+$ kubectl get svc linux-command-service -n linux-command
+```
+
+根据输出，使用 `EXTERNAL-IP:PORT` 访问服务。例如：
+
+```
+http://:
+```
+
+## 卸载应用
+
+如果需要删除已部署的资源，可以按以下顺序操作：
+
+```
+kubectl delete -f linux-command.yaml
+```
+
+这将会清理所有创建的 Kubernetes 资源。
diff --git a/deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml b/deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc7fd6abb44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: linux-command
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: linux-command
+  namespace: linux-command
+  labels:
+    app: linux-command
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: linux-command
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: linux-command
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: linux-command-container
+        image: wcjiang/linux-command:latest
+        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 3000
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            cpu: "100m"
+            memory: "50Mi"
+          limits:
+            cpu: "100m"
+            memory: "50Mi"
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: linux-command-service
+  namespace: linux-command
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app: linux-command
+  ports:
+    - protocol: TCP
+      port: 9665
+      targetPort: 3000
+  type: NodePort

From 8e072074ca2f4ff33955b77216ee2185d87354d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 05:20:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0963/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 029e2a69740..957067ae295 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -326,12 +326,12 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 gedune
 gang.yang
 ecjtusbs
+duzhuoshanwai
 dongpohezui
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-c2ch
 Yidan Wang
 Wendy May
 远方
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
 oliver
+c2ch
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From 3281700170ba24f83467bd89d7fea083b714f20c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 05:20:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0964/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 58eb30f9304..ef252c950f0 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@
 gedune
 gang.yang
 ecjtusbs
+duzhuoshanwai
 dongpohezui
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-c2ch
 Yidan Wang
 Wendy May
 远方
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
 oliver
+c2ch
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From d85be58c782bde0f94b3fb4c8e527d9d1dc6d9b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2024 18:53:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0965/1052] doc: update command/iostat.md

---
 command/iostat.md | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/iostat.md b/command/iostat.md
index 2c41ac779a5..b90088c5248 100644
--- a/command/iostat.md
+++ b/command/iostat.md
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 iostat
 ===
 
-iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。
+监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况
+
+## 补充说明
+
+**iostat命令** 被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。
+
 iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。
 
 ## 安装 iostat

From 50b5782734189b8ad8990b5b56f97153e196577c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 13:23:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0966/1052] chore: rename deploy/yamls -> k8s #605

---
 {deploy/yamls => k8s}/README.md          | 0
 {deploy/yamls => k8s}/linux-command.yaml | 0
 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename {deploy/yamls => k8s}/README.md (100%)
 rename {deploy/yamls => k8s}/linux-command.yaml (100%)

diff --git a/deploy/yamls/README.md b/k8s/README.md
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/yamls/README.md
rename to k8s/README.md
diff --git a/deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml b/k8s/linux-command.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml
rename to k8s/linux-command.yaml

From d82ca52f067ad06579902d3a3a18e44159d6961c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 19:21:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0967/1052] doc: update k8s/README.md

---
 k8s/README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/k8s/README.md b/k8s/README.md
index f7fe3316f70..146392149aa 100644
--- a/k8s/README.md
+++ b/k8s/README.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 我们将使用此存储库中的`kubectl`应用 YAML 文件，该文件将安装 `linux-command` 应用。
 
 ```bash
-$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/master/deploy/yamls/linux-command.yaml
+$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/refs/heads/master/k8s/linux-command.yaml
 ```
 
 检查 `Deployment` 状态：

From 9870dba05f36cb9656073cf58085376ba8030a42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 11:22:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0968/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 957067ae295..e2995e3f3b2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -273,42 +273,41 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-谈笑风生间
-ernest
 dulltackle
+ernest
+谈笑风生间
 zyy2477
 rgshare
 loverainye
-James Wang
-Lnkstls
 lavaicer
 SteveLauC
+Lnkstls
+James Wang
+Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
 alfred
-Qliangw
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
 VVatt
 gggwvg
+BingCoke
+Ein Verne
+FunKeen
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+RichardLCD
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+YEUNGCHIE
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-YEUNGCHIE
-Xrtero
-Xingwen Zhang
-Shan Chenyu
-RichardLCD
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-FunKeen
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-leo
-kid1412621
-kassadin
-juemuren4449
 jqz3.tech
-jcdj666
+juemuren4449
+kassadin
+kid1412621
+leo
 lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
@@ -317,6 +316,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
+oliver
+jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -331,40 +332,39 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Forever121
-Yidan Wang
-Wendy May
-远方
-谢民皆
-Kyofin
-老犁
-继刚
-移动的红烧肉
-极简XksA
-ReZero
-Loofra
-Wei Xu
-尘埃
-孤城落寞
-七朔
+Mystic
 zyimm
-zuixin369
-zoomdong
-zodiac
-zjlovezj
-yanyx
-Lingfeng Wang
-weibk
-UniqueDing
-tutianyu101
-tangke
-snovey
-shuangcui
-shc
-sfwwslm
+七朔
+孤城落寞
+尘埃
+Wei Xu
+Loofra
+ReZero
+极简XksA
+移动的红烧肉
+继刚
+老犁
+Kyofin
+谢民皆
+远方
+Wendy May
+Yidan Wang
 rexlin600
-oliver
-c2ch
+sfwwslm
+shc
+shuangcui
+snovey
+tangke
+tutianyu101
+UniqueDing
+weibk
+will
+Lingfeng Wang
+yanyx
+zjlovezj
+zodiac
+zoomdong
+zuixin369
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -395,6 +395,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
+c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -423,8 +425,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
-Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From f6a17c0c577ea708d802e963c7c9ab3ae40e5a09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 11:22:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0969/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 107 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index ef252c950f0..80deae78548 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -18,42 +18,41 @@
 Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-谈笑风生间
-ernest
 dulltackle
+ernest
+谈笑风生间
 zyy2477
 rgshare
 loverainye
-James Wang
-Lnkstls
 lavaicer
 SteveLauC
+Lnkstls
+James Wang
+Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
 alfred
-Qliangw
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
 VVatt
 gggwvg
+BingCoke
+Ein Verne
+FunKeen
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+RichardLCD
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+YEUNGCHIE
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-YEUNGCHIE
-Xrtero
-Xingwen Zhang
-Shan Chenyu
-RichardLCD
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-FunKeen
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-leo
-kid1412621
-kassadin
-juemuren4449
 jqz3.tech
-jcdj666
+juemuren4449
+kassadin
+kid1412621
+leo
 lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
@@ -62,6 +61,8 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
+oliver
+jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -76,40 +77,39 @@
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Forever121
-Yidan Wang
-Wendy May
-远方
-谢民皆
-Kyofin
-老犁
-继刚
-移动的红烧肉
-极简XksA
-ReZero
-Loofra
-Wei Xu
-尘埃
-孤城落寞
-七朔
+Mystic
 zyimm
-zuixin369
-zoomdong
-zodiac
-zjlovezj
-yanyx
-Lingfeng Wang
-weibk
-UniqueDing
-tutianyu101
-tangke
-snovey
-shuangcui
-shc
-sfwwslm
+七朔
+孤城落寞
+尘埃
+Wei Xu
+Loofra
+ReZero
+极简XksA
+移动的红烧肉
+继刚
+老犁
+Kyofin
+谢民皆
+远方
+Wendy May
+Yidan Wang
 rexlin600
-oliver
-c2ch
+sfwwslm
+shc
+shuangcui
+snovey
+tangke
+tutianyu101
+UniqueDing
+weibk
+will
+Lingfeng Wang
+yanyx
+zjlovezj
+zodiac
+zoomdong
+zuixin369
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -140,6 +140,8 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
+c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -168,8 +170,7 @@
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
-Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 686f4452a14fd4fb02cf00dd0838d6b01004a195 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: will 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 19:25:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0970/1052] chore: add helm charts (#606)

* add helm charts

* update README
---
 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore  | 23 +++++++
 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml   | 21 +++++++
 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md    | 44 +++++++++++++
 .../linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl      | 62 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml   | 32 ++++++++++
 .../linux-command/templates/service.yaml      | 13 ++++
 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml  | 20 ++++++
 7 files changed, 215 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml
 create mode 100644 deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml

diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e8a0eb36f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Patterns to ignore when building packages.
+# This supports shell glob matching, relative path matching, and
+# negation (prefixed with !). Only one pattern per line.
+.DS_Store
+# Common VCS dirs
+.git/
+.gitignore
+.bzr/
+.bzrignore
+.hg/
+.hgignore
+.svn/
+# Common backup files
+*.swp
+*.bak
+*.tmp
+*.orig
+*~
+# Various IDEs
+.project
+.idea/
+*.tmproj
+.vscode/
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62db357f2ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+apiVersion: v2
+name: linux-command
+description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes
+# A chart can be either an 'application' or a 'library' chart.
+#
+# Application charts are a collection of templates that can be packaged into versioned archives
+# to be deployed.
+#
+# Library charts provide useful utilities or functions for the chart developer. They're included as
+# a dependency of application charts to inject those utilities and functions into the rendering
+# pipeline. Library charts do not define any templates and therefore cannot be deployed.
+type: application
+# This is the chart version. This version number should be incremented each time you make changes
+# to the chart and its templates, including the app version.
+# Versions are expected to follow Semantic Versioning (https://semver.org/)
+version: 0.1.0
+# This is the version number of the application being deployed. This version number should be
+# incremented each time you make changes to the application. Versions are not expected to
+# follow Semantic Versioning. They should reflect the version the application is using.
+# It is recommended to use it with quotes.
+appVersion: "0.1.0"
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..042c4695a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# linux-command
+
+linux-command 的 Helm 图表。该图表使用 Helm 软件包管理器在 Kubernetes 集群上引导部署 linux-command。
+
+## 安装 Chart
+
+```
+$ helm install linux-command ./linux-command --namespace linux-command --create-namespace
+```
+
+## 卸载 Chart
+
+```
+$ helm -n linux-command uninstall linux-command
+```
+
+这会删除与图表相关的所有 Kubernetes 组件，并删除发布。
+
+## 配置参数
+
+下表列出了 linux-command 图表的可配置参数及其默认值。
+
+| Key                                                          | Type   | Default                   | Description |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------ | ------------------------- | ----------- |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.repository          | string | `"wcjiang/linux-command"` |             |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.tag                 | string | `"latest"`                |             |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.imagePullPolicy           | string | `"IfNotPresent"`          |             |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.limits.cpu      | string | `"100m"`                  |             |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.limits.memory   | string | `"50Mi"`                  |             |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.requests.cpu    | string | `"100m"`                  |             |
+| linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources.requests.memory | string | `"50Mi"`                  |             |
+| linuxCommand.replicas                                        | int    | `1`                       |             |
+| service.ports[0].port                                        | int    | `9665`                    |             |
+| service.ports[0].protocol                                    | string | `"TCP"`                   |             |
+| service.ports[0].targetPort                                  | int    | `3000`                    |             |
+| service.type                                                 | string | `"NodePort"`              |             |
+
+使用`-set key=value[,key=value]`参数为`helm install`指定每个参数。
+
+或者，也可以在安装图表时提供指定参数值的 YAML 文件。例如
+
+```
+helm install  -f values.yaml ./linux-command
+```
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68cb3b48b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{{/*
+Expand the name of the chart.
+*/}}
+{{- define "linux-command.name" -}}
+{{- default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
+{{- end }}
+
+{{/*
+Create a default fully qualified app name.
+We truncate at 63 chars because some Kubernetes name fields are limited to this (by the DNS naming spec).
+If release name contains chart name it will be used as a full name.
+*/}}
+{{- define "linux-command.fullname" -}}
+{{- if .Values.fullnameOverride }}
+{{- .Values.fullnameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
+{{- else }}
+{{- $name := default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride }}
+{{- if contains $name .Release.Name }}
+{{- .Release.Name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
+{{- else }}
+{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name $name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}
+
+{{/*
+Create chart name and version as used by the chart label.
+*/}}
+{{- define "linux-command.chart" -}}
+{{- printf "%s-%s" .Chart.Name .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
+{{- end }}
+
+{{/*
+Common labels
+*/}}
+{{- define "linux-command.labels" -}}
+helm.sh/chart: {{ include "linux-command.chart" . }}
+{{ include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . }}
+{{- if .Chart.AppVersion }}
+app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }}
+{{- end }}
+app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
+{{- end }}
+
+{{/*
+Selector labels
+*/}}
+{{- define "linux-command.selectorLabels" -}}
+app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "linux-command.name" . }}
+app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
+{{- end }}
+
+{{/*
+Create the name of the service account to use
+*/}}
+{{- define "linux-command.serviceAccountName" -}}
+{{- if .Values.serviceAccount.create }}
+{{- default (include "linux-command.fullname" .) .Values.serviceAccount.name }}
+{{- else }}
+{{- default "default" .Values.serviceAccount.name }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fbfc1318671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "linux-command.fullname" . }}-linux-command
+  labels:
+    app: linux-command
+  {{- include "linux-command.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
+spec:
+  replicas: {{ .Values.linuxCommand.replicas }}
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: linux-command
+    {{- include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }}
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: linux-command
+      {{- include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }}
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - env:
+        - name: KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_DOMAIN
+          value: {{ quote .Values.kubernetesClusterDomain }}
+        image: {{ .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.image.tag
+          | default .Chart.AppVersion }}
+        imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.imagePullPolicy
+          }}
+        name: linux-command-container
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 3000
+        resources: {{- toYaml .Values.linuxCommand.linuxCommandContainer.resources | nindent
+          10 }}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4f5faa02ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: {{ include "linux-command.fullname" . }}-service
+  labels:
+  {{- include "linux-command.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
+spec:
+  type: {{ .Values.service.type }}
+  selector:
+    app: linux-command
+  {{- include "linux-command.selectorLabels" . | nindent 4 }}
+  ports:
+    {{- .Values.service.ports | toYaml | nindent 2 }}
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b449e33bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+linuxCommand:
+  linuxCommandContainer:
+    image:
+      repository: wcjiang/linux-command
+      tag: latest
+    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+    resources:
+      limits:
+        cpu: 100m
+        memory: 50Mi
+      requests:
+        cpu: 100m
+        memory: 50Mi
+  replicas: 1
+service:
+  ports:
+  - port: 9665
+    protocol: TCP
+    targetPort: 3000
+  type: NodePort

From fc97de6b4433b48915e86ba478ef22718b5e18bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 11:26:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0971/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e2995e3f3b2..0c9bfce4a34 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
+will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
 BingCoke
@@ -303,6 +304,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -316,8 +318,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
-jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -332,39 +332,40 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Mystic
-zyimm
-七朔
-孤城落寞
-尘埃
-Wei Xu
-Loofra
-ReZero
-极简XksA
-移动的红烧肉
-继刚
-老犁
-Kyofin
-谢民皆
-远方
-Wendy May
+Forever121
 Yidan Wang
-rexlin600
-sfwwslm
-shc
-shuangcui
-snovey
-tangke
-tutianyu101
-UniqueDing
-weibk
-will
-Lingfeng Wang
-yanyx
-zjlovezj
-zodiac
-zoomdong
+Wendy May
+远方
+谢民皆
+Kyofin
+老犁
+继刚
+移动的红烧肉
+极简XksA
+ReZero
+Loofra
+Wei Xu
+尘埃
+孤城落寞
+七朔
+zyimm
 zuixin369
+zoomdong
+zodiac
+zjlovezj
+yanyx
+Lingfeng Wang
+weibk
+UniqueDing
+tutianyu101
+tangke
+snovey
+shuangcui
+shc
+sfwwslm
+rexlin600
+oliver
+c2ch
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -395,8 +396,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-Forever121
-c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -425,7 +424,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
+Q.Ben Zheng
+Mystic
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From a727bb37dbfe5d14c27a6d5857a9ab64fc3e435b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 11:26:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0972/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 72 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 80deae78548..3c6664e164b 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
+will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
 BingCoke
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -61,8 +63,6 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
-jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -77,39 +77,40 @@
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Mystic
-zyimm
-七朔
-孤城落寞
-尘埃
-Wei Xu
-Loofra
-ReZero
-极简XksA
-移动的红烧肉
-继刚
-老犁
-Kyofin
-谢民皆
-远方
-Wendy May
+Forever121
 Yidan Wang
-rexlin600
-sfwwslm
-shc
-shuangcui
-snovey
-tangke
-tutianyu101
-UniqueDing
-weibk
-will
-Lingfeng Wang
-yanyx
-zjlovezj
-zodiac
-zoomdong
+Wendy May
+远方
+谢民皆
+Kyofin
+老犁
+继刚
+移动的红烧肉
+极简XksA
+ReZero
+Loofra
+Wei Xu
+尘埃
+孤城落寞
+七朔
+zyimm
 zuixin369
+zoomdong
+zodiac
+zjlovezj
+yanyx
+Lingfeng Wang
+weibk
+UniqueDing
+tutianyu101
+tangke
+snovey
+shuangcui
+shc
+sfwwslm
+rexlin600
+oliver
+c2ch
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -140,8 +141,6 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-Forever121
-c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -170,7 +169,8 @@
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
+Q.Ben Zheng
+Mystic
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 4997c40f80e78409d4fba3d339e6ccfc8b9158e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 19:27:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0973/1052] chore: renamed deploy/helm/ -> k8s/helm/ #606

---
 {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore             | 0
 {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml              | 0
 {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md               | 0
 {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl  | 0
 .../helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml           | 0
 {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml  | 0
 {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml             | 0
 7 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore (100%)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml (100%)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md (100%)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl (100%)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml (100%)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml (100%)
 rename {deploy => k8s}/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml (100%)

diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/.helmignore
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/Chart.yaml
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/README.md
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/_helpers.tpl
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/deployment.yaml
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/templates/service.yaml
diff --git a/deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml b/k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from deploy/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml
rename to k8s/helm/charts/linux-command/values.yaml

From ffc270e9860edf93cd58c1072144e29ac8ed98fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 11:28:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0974/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0c9bfce4a34..e2995e3f3b2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -289,7 +289,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
-will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
 BingCoke
@@ -304,7 +303,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -318,6 +316,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
+oliver
+jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -332,40 +332,39 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Forever121
-Yidan Wang
-Wendy May
-远方
-谢民皆
-Kyofin
-老犁
-继刚
-移动的红烧肉
-极简XksA
-ReZero
-Loofra
-Wei Xu
-尘埃
-孤城落寞
-七朔
+Mystic
 zyimm
-zuixin369
-zoomdong
-zodiac
-zjlovezj
-yanyx
-Lingfeng Wang
-weibk
-UniqueDing
-tutianyu101
-tangke
-snovey
-shuangcui
-shc
-sfwwslm
+七朔
+孤城落寞
+尘埃
+Wei Xu
+Loofra
+ReZero
+极简XksA
+移动的红烧肉
+继刚
+老犁
+Kyofin
+谢民皆
+远方
+Wendy May
+Yidan Wang
 rexlin600
-oliver
-c2ch
+sfwwslm
+shc
+shuangcui
+snovey
+tangke
+tutianyu101
+UniqueDing
+weibk
+will
+Lingfeng Wang
+yanyx
+zjlovezj
+zodiac
+zoomdong
+zuixin369
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -396,6 +395,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
+c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -424,8 +425,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
-Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 5cd5a451b49e996f557abd9201cd94b0e0a87809 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 11:28:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0975/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 72 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 3c6664e164b..80deae78548 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
-will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
 BingCoke
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -63,6 +61,8 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
+oliver
+jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -77,40 +77,39 @@
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Forever121
-Yidan Wang
-Wendy May
-远方
-谢民皆
-Kyofin
-老犁
-继刚
-移动的红烧肉
-极简XksA
-ReZero
-Loofra
-Wei Xu
-尘埃
-孤城落寞
-七朔
+Mystic
 zyimm
-zuixin369
-zoomdong
-zodiac
-zjlovezj
-yanyx
-Lingfeng Wang
-weibk
-UniqueDing
-tutianyu101
-tangke
-snovey
-shuangcui
-shc
-sfwwslm
+七朔
+孤城落寞
+尘埃
+Wei Xu
+Loofra
+ReZero
+极简XksA
+移动的红烧肉
+继刚
+老犁
+Kyofin
+谢民皆
+远方
+Wendy May
+Yidan Wang
 rexlin600
-oliver
-c2ch
+sfwwslm
+shc
+shuangcui
+snovey
+tangke
+tutianyu101
+UniqueDing
+weibk
+will
+Lingfeng Wang
+yanyx
+zjlovezj
+zodiac
+zoomdong
+zuixin369
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -141,6 +140,8 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
+c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bell
 azureology
@@ -169,8 +170,7 @@
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
 QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
-Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 06c56e9e88777b46bc358f4d2cfaedb651b48bac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bestlaw66 <94432849+bestlaw66@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 11:30:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0976/1052] docs: add BT Panel Deployment Method (#613)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

在国内有大部分用户都在使用宝塔面板管理服务器，因此增加使用宝塔面板部署的教程，可视化的部署文档可以帮助用户更加便捷的部署Linux Command
---
 README.md | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e2995e3f3b2..870475462a4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -94,6 +94,41 @@ http://localhost:9665/
 
 通过 Vercel 分配的域名访问，或者自行在设置中绑定域名。
 
+## 宝塔面板
+
+可通过宝塔面板应用商店快速部署 linux-command
+
+

+部署步骤
+
+### 前提
+
+* 仅适用于宝塔面板 9.2.0 及以上版本
+* 安装宝塔面板，前往[宝塔面板](https://www.bt.cn/new/download.html)官网，选择正式版的脚本下载安装
+
+### 部署
+
+1. 登录宝塔面板，在左侧菜单栏中点击 `Docker`
+2. 首次会提示安装`Docker`和`Docker Compose`服务，点击立即安装，若已安装请忽略。
+3. 安装完成后在`Docker-应用商店-实用工具`中找到 `linux-command`，点击`安装`，也可以在搜索框直接搜索`linux`。
+4. 设置域名等基本信息，点击`确定`
+* 说明：
+  * 名称：应用名称，默认`linuxcommand_随机字符`
+  * 版本选择：默认`latest`
+  * 域名：如您需要通过域名访问，请在此处填写您的域名
+  * 允许外部访问：如您需通过`IP+Port`直接访问，请勾选，如您已经设置了域名，请不要勾选此处
+  * 端口：默认`3000`，可自行修改
+  * CPU 限制：0 为不限制，根据实际需要设置
+  * 内存限制：0 为不限制，根据实际需要设置
+5. 提交后面板会自动进行应用初始化，大概需要`1-3`分钟，初始化完成后即可访问。
+
+### 访问 linux-command
+
+* 如果您填写域名，请在浏览器输入您的域名访问，如`http://demo.linux-command`，即可访问 `linux-command` 页面。
+* 如您选择`IP+端口访问`请在浏览器地址栏中输入域名访问 `http://<宝塔面板IP>:6806`，即可访问 `linux-command` 页面。
+
+

+
 ## Linux命令分类
 
 *这里存放Linux 命令大全并不全，你可以通过[linux-command](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/)来搜索，它是把 [command](./assets/command) 目录里面搜集的命令，生成了静态HTML并提供预览以及索引搜索。*

From 3ad005aafe6e4f9eb924f8e9e93063b0c4cee27b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 03:30:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0977/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 870475462a4..7fe84730157 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
+will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
 BingCoke
@@ -338,6 +339,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -351,8 +353,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
-jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -367,6 +367,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
+Forever121
 Mystic
 zyimm
 七朔
@@ -384,6 +385,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
+oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -393,7 +395,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 tutianyu101
 UniqueDing
 weibk
-will
 Lingfeng Wang
 yanyx
 zjlovezj
@@ -430,9 +431,9 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-Forever121
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
+bestlaw66
 bell
 azureology
 Ashine

From 7c36a2f50f29d7e747fa1a32774312230365d64a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 03:30:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0978/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 80deae78548..cc6ddf65f69 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 沙漠之子
 Shell
 xhal
+will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
 BingCoke
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -61,8 +63,6 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
-jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
+Forever121
 Mystic
 zyimm
 七朔
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
+oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -103,7 +105,6 @@
 tutianyu101
 UniqueDing
 weibk
-will
 Lingfeng Wang
 yanyx
 zjlovezj
@@ -140,9 +141,9 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-Forever121
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
+bestlaw66
 bell
 azureology
 Ashine

From 2268588c603129baa8191f51a1e3230ae16ca04e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chaofan 
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 10:49:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0979/1052] doc: update command/free.md (#615)

Add `-h` args description.
---
 command/free.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/command/free.md b/command/free.md
index 7559c114305..11e927b395b 100644
--- a/command/free.md
+++ b/command/free.md
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ free(选项)
 -s<间隔秒数> # 持续观察内存使用状况；
 -t # 显示内存总和列；
 -V # 显示版本信息。
+-h, --human # 自动缩放到最短三位单位的并打印输出
 ```
 
 ###  实例 

From a607043c9aeb9de834d06d7613cddb25ad827753 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YEUNGCHIE <30793662+yeungchie@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 10:20:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0980/1052] doc: update command/strings.md (#617)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

`实例` 中的第二个例子的命令错误，缺少管道符 `|`
---
 command/strings.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/strings.md b/command/strings.md
index baf174c6c85..bdc513d0856 100644
--- a/command/strings.md
+++ b/command/strings.md
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ strings /bin/ls
 列出ls中所有的ASCII文本：
 
 ```shell
-cat /bin/ls strings
+cat /bin/ls | strings
 ```
 
 查找ls中包含libc的字符串，不区分大小写：

From fbba20936881da812101e162fc76c088227f006d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 02:20:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0981/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7fe84730157..6d5641f5c21 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -315,6 +315,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 rgshare
 loverainye
 lavaicer
+YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
 Lnkstls
 James Wang
@@ -335,7 +336,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-YEUNGCHIE
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-Mystic
+chaofan
 zyimm
 七朔
 孤城落寞
@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From e3700384a490b965b0d97df58c658bed2c4f3e96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2024 02:20:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0982/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index cc6ddf65f69..3a73c8c7702 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 rgshare
 loverainye
 lavaicer
+YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
 Lnkstls
 James Wang
@@ -45,7 +46,6 @@
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-YEUNGCHIE
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-Mystic
+chaofan
 zyimm
 七朔
 孤城落寞
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From f5b04886c016cb7dd5b270134ef7ae0837929455 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: githubwxz 
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2024 10:23:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0983/1052] doc: Update README.md (#618)

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6d5641f5c21..e9fb3880b6c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
+[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 

From 84d686c1f700b5419ae47e6dfd3082756862dbeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2024 02:23:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0984/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e9fb3880b6c..32266489134 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 lavaicer
 YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
-Lnkstls
+MioMuse
 James Wang
 Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
@@ -333,12 +333,13 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 FunKeen
 Pan, Wen-Ming
 RichardLCD
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
-Xrtero
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -352,11 +353,10 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
-nsnans
-hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
+githubwxz
 ghy
 gesty
 gedune
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 cxalc
 Forever121
 chaofan
+nsnans
 zyimm
 七朔
 孤城落寞

From b8b93894b9d7609994afdbfdca5a1b155a213975 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2024 02:23:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0985/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 3a73c8c7702..a8d7ec9c534 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 lavaicer
 YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
-Lnkstls
+MioMuse
 James Wang
 Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
@@ -43,12 +43,13 @@
 FunKeen
 Pan, Wen-Ming
 RichardLCD
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
-Xrtero
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -62,11 +63,10 @@
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
-nsnans
-hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
+githubwxz
 ghy
 gesty
 gedune
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
 cxalc
 Forever121
 chaofan
+nsnans
 zyimm
 七朔
 孤城落寞

From 0775c0d74e6e87f4f6268cff5fde377bbc4cc8bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=89=B6=E8=8B=8F=E5=A6=82=E6=98=AF?=
 <57750156+fusurus@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 18:57:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0986/1052] doc: Update nohup.md (#621)

---
 command/nohup.md | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/nohup.md b/command/nohup.md
index 6a60c8f9a39..8e168243154 100644
--- a/command/nohup.md
+++ b/command/nohup.md
@@ -47,4 +47,16 @@ nohup wget site.com/file.zip
 nohup ping -c 10 baidu.com
 ```
 
+### 最简单的后台运行
+nohup command &
+### 输出默认重定向到当前目录下 nohup.out 文件
+nohup python main.py &  
+### 自定义输出文件(标准输出和错误输出合并到 main.log)
+nohup python main.py >> main.log 2>&1 & 
+### 与上一个例子相同作用的简写方法
+nohup python main.py &> main.log &
+### 不记录输出信息
+nohup python main.py &> /dev/null &
+### 不记录输出信息并将程序的进程号写入 pidfile.txt 文件中，方便后续杀死进程
+nohup python main.py &> /dev/null & echo $! > pidfile.txt
 

From a6207d7ab2ccba2e8c10501c7824005688b7dc09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 19:05:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0987/1052] doc: update command/nohup.md

---
 command/nohup.md | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/nohup.md b/command/nohup.md
index 8e168243154..e0ee09d8efb 100644
--- a/command/nohup.md
+++ b/command/nohup.md
@@ -9,23 +9,24 @@ nohup
 
 无论是否将 nohup 命令的输出重定向到终端，输出都将附加到当前目录的 nohup.out 文件中。如果当前目录的 nohup.out 文件不可写，输出重定向到`$HOME/nohup.out`文件中。如果没有文件能创建或打开以用于追加，那么 command 参数指定的命令不可调用。如果标准错误是一个终端，那么把指定的命令写给标准错误的所有输出作为标准输出重定向到相同的文件描述符。
 
-###  语法 
+### 语法
 
+```shell
 nohup(选项)(参数)
+```
 
-###  选项 
+### 选项
 
 ```shell
 --help：在线帮助；
 --version：显示版本信息。
 ```
 
-###  参数 
+### 参数
 
 程序及选项：要运行的程序及选项。
 
-###  实例 
-
+### 实例
 
 使用nohup命令提交作业，如果使用nohup命令提交作业，那么在缺省情况下该作业的所有输出都被重定向到一个名为nohup.out的文件中，除非另外指定了输出文件：
 
@@ -47,16 +48,38 @@ nohup wget site.com/file.zip
 nohup ping -c 10 baidu.com
 ```
 
-### 最简单的后台运行
+最简单的后台运行
+
+```shell
 nohup command &
-### 输出默认重定向到当前目录下 nohup.out 文件
-nohup python main.py &  
-### 自定义输出文件(标准输出和错误输出合并到 main.log)
-nohup python main.py >> main.log 2>&1 & 
-### 与上一个例子相同作用的简写方法
+```
+
+输出默认重定向到当前目录下 nohup.out 文件
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py &
+```
+
+自定义输出文件(标准输出和错误输出合并到 main.log)
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py >> main.log 2>&1 &
+```
+
+与上一个例子相同作用的简写方法
+
+```shell
 nohup python main.py &> main.log &
-### 不记录输出信息
+```
+
+不记录输出信息
+
+```shell
 nohup python main.py &> /dev/null &
-### 不记录输出信息并将程序的进程号写入 pidfile.txt 文件中，方便后续杀死进程
-nohup python main.py &> /dev/null & echo $! > pidfile.txt
+```
 
+不记录输出信息并将程序的进程号写入 pidfile.txt 文件中，方便后续杀死进程
+
+```shell
+nohup python main.py &> /dev/null & echo $! > pidfile.txt
+```
\ No newline at end of file

From 5b5557f91e2f2d472a1f296fa659c974875e9dc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 11:06:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0988/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 32266489134..0cc1ae7f14e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -339,7 +339,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -353,6 +352,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
+nsnans
+hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
@@ -368,14 +369,13 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-chaofan
-nsnans
-zyimm
+oliver
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
 Wei Xu
 Loofra
+扶苏如是
 ReZero
 极简XksA
 移动的红烧肉
@@ -386,7 +386,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
-oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -402,6 +401,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+zyimm
+chaofan
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From fc723b6dec1ebe066ab181d22c21b74b91be9481 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 11:06:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0989/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index a8d7ec9c534..782e5d82414 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -63,6 +62,8 @@
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
+nsnans
+hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
@@ -78,14 +79,13 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-chaofan
-nsnans
-zyimm
+oliver
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
 Wei Xu
 Loofra
+扶苏如是
 ReZero
 极简XksA
 移动的红烧肉
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
-oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -112,6 +111,8 @@
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+zyimm
+chaofan
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From 1f11d8a430781027f9abca93c7ba3106ffe6c235 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 19:08:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0990/1052] doc: update command/as.md

---
 command/as.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/as.md b/command/as.md
index 622f791b0c3..12578067995 100644
--- a/command/as.md
+++ b/command/as.md
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ as
 
 ## 补充说明
 
-**as命令** GNU组织推出的一款汇编语言编译器，它支持多种不同类型的处理器。
+**as命令** 是GNU组织推出的一款汇编语言编译器，它支持多种不同类型的处理器。
 
-###  语法
+### 语法
 
 ```shell
-as(选项)(参数)
+as [选项] [参数]
 ```
 
-###  选项
+### 选项
 
 ```shell
 -ac：忽略失败条件；
@@ -33,8 +33,44 @@ as(选项)(参数)
 --statistics：打印汇编所用的最大空间和总时间。
 ```
 
-###  参数
+### 参数
 
 汇编文件：指定要汇编的源文件。
 
+### 示例
 
+编译一个汇编文件并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+忽略调试指令并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -ad -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+生成包含调试信息的目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -g -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+包括宏扩展并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -am -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+打印汇编所用的最大空间和总时间
+
+```shell
+as --statistics -o output.o source.s
+```
+
+跳过空白和注释预处理并生成目标文件
+
+```shell
+as -f -o output.o source.s
+```
\ No newline at end of file

From 2a181511e989d95e3f0ec9f802298d65e7d10fe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 19:10:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0991/1052] doc: update command/at.md

---
 command/at.md | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/at.md b/command/at.md
index 5b3ca031569..352063efe3a 100644
--- a/command/at.md
+++ b/command/at.md
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ at
 
 ## 补充说明
 
-**at命令** 用于在指定时间执行命令。at允许使用一套相当复杂的指定时间的方法。它能够接受在当天的hh:mm（小时:分钟）式的时间指定。假如该时间已过去，那么就放在第二天执行。当然也能够使用midnight（深夜），noon（中午），teatime（饮茶时间，一般是下午4点）等比较模糊的 词语来指定时间。用户还能够采用12小时计时制，即在时间后面加上AM（上午）或PM（下午）来说明是上午还是下午。 也能够指定命令执行的具体日期，指定格式为month day（月 日）或mm/dd/yy（月/日/年）或dd.mm.yy（日.月.年）。指定的日期必须跟在指定时间的后面。
+**at命令** 用于在指定时间执行命令。at允许使用一套相当复杂的指定时间的方法。它能够接受在当天的hh:mm（小时:分钟）式的时间指定。假如该时间已过去，那么就放在第二天执行。当然也能够使用midnight（深夜），noon（中午），teatime（饮茶时间，一般是下午4点）等比较模糊的词语来指定时间。用户还能够采用12小时计时制，即在时间后面加上AM（上午）或PM（下午）来说明是上午还是下午。也能够指定命令执行的具体日期，指定格式为month day（月 日）或mm/dd/yy（月/日/年）或dd.mm.yy（日.月.年）。指定的日期必须跟在指定时间的后面。
 
-上面介绍的都是绝对计时法，其实还能够使用相对计时法，这对于安排不久就要执行的命令是很有好处的。指定格式为：`now + count time-units`，now就是当前时间，time-units是时间单位，这里能够是minutes（分钟）、hours（小时）、days（天）、weeks（星期）。count是时间的数量，究竟是几天，还是几小时，等等。 更有一种计时方法就是直接使用today（今天）、tomorrow（明天）来指定完成命令的时间。
+上面介绍的都是绝对计时法，其实还能够使用相对计时法，这对于安排不久就要执行的命令是很有好处的。指定格式为：`now + count time-units`，now就是当前时间，time-units是时间单位，这里能够是minutes（分钟）、hours（小时）、days（天）、weeks（星期）。count是时间的数量，究竟是几天，还是几小时，等等。更有一种计时方法就是直接使用today（今天）、tomorrow（明天）来指定完成命令的时间。
 
-###  语法
+### 语法
 
 ```shell
 at [-V] [-q 队列] [-f 文件] [-mldbv] 时间 at -c 作业 [作业...]
 ```
 
-###  选项
+### 选项
 
 ```shell
 -f：指定包含具体指令的任务文件；
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ at [-V] [-q 队列] [-f 文件] [-mldbv] 时间 at -c 作业 [作业...]
 -m：任务执行完成后向用户发送E-mail。
 ```
 
-###  参数
+### 参数
 
 日期时间：指定任务执行的日期时间。
 
-###  实例
+### 示例
 
-三天后的下午 5 点锺执行`/bin/ls`：
+三天后的下午 5 点钟执行`/bin/ls`：
 
 ```shell
 [root@localhost ~]# at 5pm+3 days
@@ -60,10 +60,6 @@ job 8 at 2013-01-06 17:20
 删除已经设置的任务：
 
 ```shell
-[root@localhost ~]# atq
-8       2013-01-06 17:20 a root
-7       2013-01-08 17:00 a root
-
 [root@localhost ~]# atrm 7
 [root@localhost ~]# atq
 8       2013-01-06 17:20 a root
@@ -80,5 +76,28 @@ umask 22此处省略n个字符
 date >/root/2013.log
 ```
 
+使用任务文件执行任务：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# echo "/bin/ls" > mytask.txt
+[root@localhost ~]# at -f mytask.txt 5pm+3 days
+job 9 at 2013-01-08 17:00
+```
+
+指定任务队列执行任务：
 
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# at -q b 5pm+3 days
+at> /bin/ls
+at> 
+job 10 at 2013-01-08 17:00
+```
 
+任务执行完成后发送E-mail通知：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# at -m 5pm+3 days
+at> /bin/ls
+at> 
+job 11 at 2013-01-08 17:00
+```
\ No newline at end of file

From d27f05592debd0f09eb43e7011bf9617a1d3db4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 11:16:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0992/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0cc1ae7f14e..32266489134 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -339,6 +339,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
+hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -352,8 +353,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
-nsnans
-hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
@@ -369,13 +368,14 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-oliver
+chaofan
+nsnans
+zyimm
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
 Wei Xu
 Loofra
-扶苏如是
 ReZero
 极简XksA
 移动的红烧肉
@@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
+oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -401,8 +402,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
-zyimm
-chaofan
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From 0ae1a1bc6eee39d0c86b8dda2dbdd0764c7c1bba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 11:16:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0993/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 782e5d82414..a8d7ec9c534 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
+hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -62,8 +63,6 @@
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
-nsnans
-hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
@@ -79,13 +78,14 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-oliver
+chaofan
+nsnans
+zyimm
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
 Wei Xu
 Loofra
-扶苏如是
 ReZero
 极简XksA
 移动的红烧肉
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
+oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -111,8 +112,6 @@
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
-zyimm
-chaofan
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From b1272c9afbdbebabd3714be6ba8d85fa49a7db2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 19:18:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0994/1052] doc: update command/atq.md

---
 command/atq.md | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/atq.md b/command/atq.md
index ae1ad20ddd5..5fd86e76812 100644
--- a/command/atq.md
+++ b/command/atq.md
@@ -7,30 +7,56 @@ atq
 
 **atq命令** 显示系统中待执行的任务列表，也就是列出当前用户的at任务列表。
 
-###  语法
+### 语法
 
 ```shell
 atq [-V] [-q 队列] [-v]
 ```
 
-###  选项
+### 选项
 
 ```shell
 -V：显示版本号；
 -q：查询指定队列的任务。
 ```
 
-###  实例
+### 示例
+
+创建一个在10分钟后执行的任务，并列出当前用户的任务列表：
 
 ```shell
-at now + 10 minutes
+[root@localhost ~]# at now + 10 minutes
 at> echo 1111
-at> 
+at> 
 job 3 at Fri Apr 26 12:56:00 2013
+```
 
-atq
+使用`atq`命令查看当前用户的任务列表：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# atq
 3       Fri Apr 26 12:56:00 2013 a root
 ```
 
+查询指定队列的任务：
 
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# at -q a now + 10 minutes
+at> echo "Task in queue a"
+at> 
+job 4 at Fri Apr 26 13:06:00 2013
+```
 
+使用`atq`命令查看队列`a`中的任务：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# atq -q a
+4       Fri Apr 26 13:06:00 2013 a root
+```
+
+显示`atq`命令的版本号：
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# atq -V
+atq (GNU at) 3.1.20
+```
\ No newline at end of file

From 69890bc63e856ae264dd02fafd926a3d3821dac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 19:20:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0995/1052] doc: update command/atop.md

---
 command/atop.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/atop.md b/command/atop.md
index a33cf5ab340..0b5535f1f10 100644
--- a/command/atop.md
+++ b/command/atop.md
@@ -5,26 +5,32 @@ atop
 
 ## 补充说明
 
-[非内部程序，需要安装]它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态，所采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况，并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中，服务器出现问题后，我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件，我们可以从这里获得其[源码](https://github.com/Atoptool/atop)和[rpm安装包](https://pkgs.org/download/atop)。
+**atop命令** 是一款开源的系统监控工具，它以一定的频率记录系统的运行状态，采集的数据包含系统资源(CPU、内存、磁盘和网络)使用情况和进程运行情况，并能以日志文件的方式保存在磁盘中。服务器出现问题后，我们可获取相应的atop日志文件进行分析。atop是一款开源软件，我们可以从这里获得其[源码](https://github.com/Atoptool/atop)和[rpm安装包](https://pkgs.org/download/atop)。
 
 ## 语法
 
 ```shell
-atop(选项)(参数)
+atop [选项] [参数]
 ```
 
 ## 说明
 
-**ATOP列**：该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点
+### ATOP列
 
-**PRC列**：该列显示进程整体运行情况
+该列显示了主机名、信息采样日期和时间点。
+
+### PRC列
+
+该列显示进程整体运行情况：
 
 - sys、usr字段分别指示进程在内核态和用户态的运行时间
 - #proc字段指示进程总数
 - #zombie字段指示僵尸进程的数量
 - #exit字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量
 
-**CPU列**：该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况，我们知道CPU可被用于执行进程、处理中断，也可处于空闲状态(空闲状态分两种，一种是活动进程等待磁盘IO导致CPU空闲，另一种是完全空闲)
+### CPU列
+
+该列显示CPU整体(即多核CPU作为一个整体CPU资源)的使用情况：
 
 - sys、usr字段指示CPU被用于处理进程时，进程在内核态、用户态所占CPU的时间比例
 - irq字段指示CPU被用于处理中断的时间比例
@@ -33,15 +39,21 @@ atop(选项)(参数)
 
 CPU列各个字段指示值相加结果为N00%，其中N为cpu核数。
 
-cpu列：该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU列，各字段值相加结果为100%
+### cpu列
 
-**CPL列**：该列显示CPU负载情况
+该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU列，各字段值相加结果为100%。
+
+### CPL列
+
+该列显示CPU负载情况：
 
 - avg1、avg5和avg15字段：过去1分钟、5分钟和15分钟内运行队列中的平均进程数量
 - csw字段指示上下文交换次数
 - intr字段指示中断发生次数
 
-**MEM列**：该列指示内存的使用情况
+### MEM列
+
+该列指示内存的使用情况：
 
 - tot字段指示物理内存总量
 - free字段指示空闲内存的大小
@@ -49,43 +61,49 @@ cpu列：该列显示某一核cpu的使用情况，各字段含义可参照CPU
 - buff字段指示用于文件缓存的内存大小
 - slab字段指示系统内核占用的内存大小
 
-**SWP列**：该列指示交换空间的使用情况
+### SWP列
+
+该列指示交换空间的使用情况：
 
 - tot字段指示交换区总量
 - free字段指示空闲交换空间大小
 
-**PAG列**：该列指示虚拟内存分页情况
+### PAG列
+
+该列指示虚拟内存分页情况：
+
+- swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数
 
-swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数
+### DSK列
 
-**DSK列**：该列指示磁盘使用情况，每一个磁盘设备对应一列，如果有sdb设备，那么增多一列DSK信息
+该列指示磁盘使用情况，每一个磁盘设备对应一列，如果有sdb设备，那么增多一列DSK信息：
 
 - sda字段：磁盘设备标识
 - busy字段：磁盘忙时比例
 - read、write字段：读、写请求数量
 
-**NET列**：多列NET展示了网络状况，包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息
+### NET列
 
-- XXXi  字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目
-- XXXo 字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目
+多列NET展示了网络状况，包括传输层(TCP和UDP)、IP层以及各活动的网口信息：
 
-## atop日志
+- XXXi字段指示各层或活动网口收包数目
+- XXXo字段指示各层或活动网口发包数目
 
-每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件，我们可以使用"atop -r XXX"命令对日志文件进行查看。那以什么形式保存atop日志文件呢？
+## atop日志
 
-对于atop日志文件的保存方式，我们可以这样：
+每个时间点采样页面组合起来就形成了一个atop日志文件，我们可以使用`atop -r XXX`命令对日志文件进行查看。日志文件的保存方式如下：
 
 - 每天保存一个atop日志文件，该日志文件记录当天信息
-- 日志文件以"atop_YYYYMMDD"的方式命名
+- 日志文件以`atop_YYYYMMDD`的方式命名
 - 设定日志失效期限，自动删除一段时间前的日志文件
 
-其实atop开发者已经提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的atop.daily脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在atop.daily脚本中，我们可以通过修改INTERVAL变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟)；通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天)：
+atop开发者提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的`atop.daily`脚本可以在源码目录下找到。在`atop.daily`脚本中，我们可以通过修改`INTERVAL`变量改变atop信息采样周期(默认为10分钟)；通过修改以下命令中的数值改变日志保存天数(默认为28天)：
 
 ```shell
 (sleep 3; find $LOGPATH -name 'atop_*' -mtime +28 -exec rm {} \; )& 
 ```
 
-最后，我们修改cron文件，每天凌晨执行atop.daily脚本：
+最后，我们修改cron文件，每天凌晨执行`atop.daily`脚本：
 
 ```shell
 0 0 * * * root /etc/cron.daily/atop.daily
@@ -93,4 +111,4 @@ swin、swout字段：换入和换出内存页数
 
 ## 相关资料
 
-- [官方手册](http://www.atoptool.nl/download/man_atop-1.pdf)
+- [官方手册](http://www.atoptool.nl/download/man_atop-1.pdf)
\ No newline at end of file

From cc8725734644d7b54ad55e602bbf10b8c99d6b26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 11:21:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0996/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 32266489134..0cc1ae7f14e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -339,7 +339,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -353,6 +352,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
+nsnans
+hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
@@ -368,14 +369,13 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-chaofan
-nsnans
-zyimm
+oliver
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
 Wei Xu
 Loofra
+扶苏如是
 ReZero
 极简XksA
 移动的红烧肉
@@ -386,7 +386,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
-oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -402,6 +401,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+zyimm
+chaofan
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From 065edf179120c3c494f9c49db6a542e27a6f211f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 11:21:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0997/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index a8d7ec9c534..782e5d82414 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 Shan Chenyu
 Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
@@ -63,6 +62,8 @@
 dufu
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
+nsnans
+hululu1068
 huangyao
 hotdogc1017
 gcluffy
@@ -78,14 +79,13 @@
 dayday
 cxalc
 Forever121
-chaofan
-nsnans
-zyimm
+oliver
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
 Wei Xu
 Loofra
+扶苏如是
 ReZero
 极简XksA
 移动的红烧肉
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@
 远方
 Wendy May
 Yidan Wang
-oliver
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
@@ -112,6 +111,8 @@
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+zyimm
+chaofan
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From db88f1b96abf561fb43e6960c2e6b4367f83fdce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy2214 <97098763+Jeremy2214@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2024 22:09:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 0998/1052] doc: update touch.md (#624)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

修正拼写错误，把“更该”，改为“更改”
---
 command/touch.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/command/touch.md b/command/touch.md
index 37a1a698718..384efbff5e5 100644
--- a/command/touch.md
+++ b/command/touch.md
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ touch(选项)(参数)
 -c：或--no-create  不建立任何文件；
 -d：<时间日期> 使用指定的日期时间，而非现在的时间；
 -f：此参数将忽略不予处理，仅负责解决BSD版本touch指令的兼容性问题；
--m：或--time=mtime或--time=modify  只更该变动时间；
+-m：或--time=mtime或--time=modify  只更改变动时间；
 -r：<参考文件或目录>  把指定文件或目录的日期时间，统统设成和参考文件或目录的日期时间相同；
 -t：<日期时间>  使用指定的日期时间，而非现在的时间；
 --help：在线帮助；

From 43f5dc092158096541fe43765a21b47c32e71359 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2024 14:10:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 0999/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0cc1ae7f14e..7db5d94c9bc 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Kyofin
 谢民皆
 远方
-Wendy May
+bycs
 Yidan Wang
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm

From d4998a1000660bae9572328effbd136e6d350d70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2024 14:10:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1000/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 782e5d82414..3cd264242ed 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 Kyofin
 谢民皆
 远方
-Wendy May
+bycs
 Yidan Wang
 rexlin600
 sfwwslm

From 36a4edf169ac064f875621ab381fe6580032a07e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: QinShower 
Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2024 20:45:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1001/1052] feat: Create getfacl.md (#625)

add getfacl
---
 command/getfacl.md | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 command/getfacl.md

diff --git a/command/getfacl.md b/command/getfacl.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fbfb5271ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/getfacl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+getfacl
+===
+
+获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists)
+
+## 补充说明
+
+对于每个文件，`getfacl`都会显示文件名、所有者、组和访问控制列表 (ACL)。如果目录有默认ACL，`getfacl` 也会显示默认ACL。非目录不能有默认ACL。
+如果在不支持 ACL 的文件系统上使用`getfacl`，`getfacl`会显示由传统文件模式权限位定义的访问权限。请参考`setfacl`。
+
+###  选项
+
+```shell
+-a, --access              # 显示文件访问控制列表。
+-d, --default             # 显示默认访问控制列表。
+-c, --omit-header         # 不显示注释头（每个文件输出的前三行）。
+-e, --all-effective       # 打印所有有效权限注释，即使与 ACL 条目定义的权限相同。
+-E, --no-effective        # 不打印有效权限注释。
+-s, --skip-base           # 跳过只有基本 ACL 条目（所有者、组、其他）的文件。
+-R, --recursive           # 递归列出所有文件和目录的 ACL。
+-L, --logical             # 逻辑路径，跟踪目录的符号链接。默认行为是跟踪符号链接参数，跳过子目录中遇到的符号链接。仅与 -R 结合使用时有效。
+-P, --physical            # 物理路径，不跟踪指向目录的符号链接。这也会跳过符号链接参数。 仅与 -R 结合使用时有效。
+-t, --tabular             # 使用另一种表格输出格式。同时显示 ACL 和默认 ACL。因 ACL 屏蔽条目而无效的权限会以大写。ACL_USER_OBJ 和 ACL_GROUP_OBJ 条目的条目标签名称也以大写字母显示，这有助于识别这些条目。
+-p, --absolute-names      # 不删除前导斜线字符 (`/')。默认行为是去掉前导斜线字符。
+-n, --numeric             # 列出数字用户和组 ID。
+-v, --version             # 打印 getfacl 的版本并退出。
+-h, --help                # 打印命令行选项的帮助说明。
+--                        # 命令行选项结束。所有剩余参数都被解释为文件名，即使它们以破折号字符开头。
+-                         # 如果文件名参数是单破折号字符，getfacl 将从标准输入读取文件列表。
+```
+
+###  实例
+
+getfacl 命令默认显示文件访问控制列表。打开终端，并输入以下命令：
+
+```shell
+getfacl tmp 
+
+# file: tmp
+# owner: zdx
+# group: zdx
+# flags: -s-
+user::rwx
+group::rwx
+other::r-x
+default:user::rwx
+default:group::rwx
+default:other::r-x
+```

From 6603a44cb5e02252ea88a6cb5b44d4d5fa21fede Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2024 12:46:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1002/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7db5d94c9bc..3a39ff29e2e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -328,24 +328,25 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-FunKeen
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-RichardLCD
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-jcdj666
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-kid1412621
-leo
+Xingwen Zhang
+Shan Chenyu
+RichardLCD
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+Jeremy2214
+BingCoke
+FunKeen
+Ein Verne
 lewis1573
+leo
+kid1412621
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+Forever121
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -353,23 +354,23 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-hululu1068
-huangyao
-hotdogc1017
-gcluffy
-githubwxz
-ghy
-gesty
-gedune
-gang.yang
-ecjtusbs
-duzhuoshanwai
-dongpohezui
-Deny
-dayday
-cxalc
-Forever121
 oliver
+cxalc
+dayday
+Deny
+dongpohezui
+duzhuoshanwai
+ecjtusbs
+gang.yang
+gedune
+gesty
+ghy
+githubwxz
+gcluffy
+hotdogc1017
+huangyao
+hululu1068
+jcdj666
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
@@ -402,7 +403,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
-chaofan
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -418,7 +419,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 LaudOak
 Karl Horky
 Nexchard
-Jeremy2214
 Jack.A.Black
 Jack
 Huntout Zhang
@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bestlaw66
@@ -463,8 +464,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
-QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
+QinShower
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 000517ef32d2b01efb98d58ea9b91f178000c37f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2024 12:46:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1003/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 66 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 3cd264242ed..77ec8c5d696 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -38,24 +38,25 @@
 will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-FunKeen
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-RichardLCD
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
 Xrtero
-jcdj666
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-kid1412621
-leo
+Xingwen Zhang
+Shan Chenyu
+RichardLCD
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+Jeremy2214
+BingCoke
+FunKeen
+Ein Verne
 lewis1573
+leo
+kid1412621
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+Forever121
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -63,23 +64,23 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-hululu1068
-huangyao
-hotdogc1017
-gcluffy
-githubwxz
-ghy
-gesty
-gedune
-gang.yang
-ecjtusbs
-duzhuoshanwai
-dongpohezui
-Deny
-dayday
-cxalc
-Forever121
 oliver
+cxalc
+dayday
+Deny
+dongpohezui
+duzhuoshanwai
+ecjtusbs
+gang.yang
+gedune
+gesty
+ghy
+githubwxz
+gcluffy
+hotdogc1017
+huangyao
+hululu1068
+jcdj666
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
-chaofan
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -128,7 +129,6 @@
 LaudOak
 Karl Horky
 Nexchard
-Jeremy2214
 Jack.A.Black
 Jack
 Huntout Zhang
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@
 Azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bestlaw66
@@ -173,8 +174,7 @@
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
-QinShower
-Q.Ben Zheng
+QinShower
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From ec0fe45c48cf973ae69974e7d766029ed4df2f90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: duzhuoshanwai <65448395+duzhuoshanwai@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2025 11:07:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1004/1052] doc: update column.md (#629)

* doc: update README.md.

* doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

* Update column.md

* doc: update README.md.

* doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] 
---
 README.md                 | 146 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 command/column.md         |  53 ++++++++++++++
 template/contributors.ejs | 146 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 3 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3a39ff29e2e..79063b9841c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -308,45 +308,46 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-dulltackle
-ernest
 谈笑风生间
+ernest
+dulltackle
 zyy2477
-rgshare
-loverainye
-lavaicer
-YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
+YEUNGCHIE
 MioMuse
 James Wang
+lavaicer
+loverainye
+rgshare
 Qliangw
-Wang Yujia
-alfred
 沙漠之子
+Wang Yujia
 Shell
 xhal
 will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-Dazhuangw
-Alterem
-YH
-Xrtero
-Xingwen Zhang
-Shan Chenyu
-RichardLCD
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-Jeremy2214
+alfred
+duzhuoshanwai
+Ein Verne
 BingCoke
 FunKeen
-Ein Verne
-lewis1573
-leo
-kid1412621
-kassadin
-juemuren4449
+Jeremy2214
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+QinShower
+RichardLCD
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+YH
+Alterem
+Dazhuangw
 jqz3.tech
-Forever121
+juemuren4449
+kassadin
+kid1412621
+leo
+lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -355,55 +356,54 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-cxalc
-dayday
-Deny
-dongpohezui
-duzhuoshanwai
-ecjtusbs
-gang.yang
-gedune
-gesty
-ghy
-githubwxz
-gcluffy
-hotdogc1017
-huangyao
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
-七朔
-孤城落寞
-尘埃
-Wei Xu
-Loofra
-扶苏如是
-ReZero
-极简XksA
-移动的红烧肉
-继刚
-老犁
-Kyofin
-谢民皆
-远方
-bycs
+hululu1068
+huangyao
+hotdogc1017
+gcluffy
+githubwxz
+ghy
+gesty
+gedune
+gang.yang
+ecjtusbs
+dongpohezui
+Deny
+dayday
+cxalc
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
-rexlin600
-sfwwslm
-shc
-shuangcui
-snovey
-tangke
-tutianyu101
-UniqueDing
-weibk
-Lingfeng Wang
-yanyx
-zjlovezj
-zodiac
-zoomdong
-zuixin369
+bycs
+远方
+谢民皆
+Kyofin
+老犁
+继刚
+移动的红烧肉
+极简XksA
+ReZero
+扶苏如是
+Loofra
+Wei Xu
+尘埃
+孤城落寞
+七朔
 zyimm
-Q.Ben Zheng
+zuixin369
+zoomdong
+zodiac
+zjlovezj
+yanyx
+Lingfeng Wang
+weibk
+UniqueDing
+tutianyu101
+tangke
+snovey
+shuangcui
+shc
+sfwwslm
+rexlin600
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -431,9 +431,10 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Danny
 DaYangtuo247
 Cui Yang
-Azroy
+azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
 chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
@@ -463,8 +464,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rocher
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
-Ray Yee
-QinShower
+Ray Yee
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 
diff --git a/command/column.md b/command/column.md
index 62e30329471..c93c184692b 100644
--- a/command/column.md
+++ b/command/column.md
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ file（可选），当没有指定文件时，默认会从标准输入读取，
 -s, --separator         指定识别表格的分隔符
 -o, --output-separator  输出表格的列分隔符，默认为两个空格
 -x, --fillrows                  在列之前填充行
+-N, --table-columns      添加列名（逗号分隔）
+-J  --json                      格式化为JSON输出（需要配合-N/--table-columns使用）
 -h, --help                      显示此帮助
 -V, --version                   输出版本信息
 ```
@@ -121,3 +123,54 @@ MemReq      Metal3  pin  108.215  159.92
 RdWrBar     Metal3  pin  87.415   159.92
 clock       Metal3  pin  74.935   159.92
 ```
+
+- 添加列名并以JSON格式输出
+
+```shell
+$ column -J -s ":" -N "Username,Password,UID,GID,Gecos,HomeDirectory,Shell" /etc/passwd
+{
+   "table": [
+      {
+         "username": "root",
+         "password": "x",
+         "uid": "0",
+         "gid": "0",
+         "gecos": "root",
+         "homedirectory": "/root",
+         "shell": "/bin/bash"
+      },{
+         "username": "daemon",
+         "password": "x",
+         "uid": "1",
+         "gid": "1",
+         "gecos": "daemon",
+         "homedirectory": "/usr/sbin",
+         "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin"
+      },{
+         "username": "bin",
+         "password": "x",
+         "uid": "2",
+         "gid": "2",
+         "gecos": "bin",
+         "homedirectory": "/bin",
+         "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin"
+      },{
+         "username": "sys",
+         "password": "x",
+         "uid": "3",
+         "gid": "3",
+         "gecos": "sys",
+         "homedirectory": "/dev",
+         "shell": "/usr/sbin/nologin"
+      },{
+         "username": "sync",
+         "password": "x",
+         "uid": "4",
+         "gid": "65534",
+         "gecos": "sync",
+         "homedirectory": "/bin",
+         "shell": "/bin/sync"
+      }
+   ]
+}
+```
diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 77ec8c5d696..65bfe00654f 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -18,45 +18,46 @@
 Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-dulltackle
-ernest
 谈笑风生间
+ernest
+dulltackle
 zyy2477
-rgshare
-loverainye
-lavaicer
-YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
+YEUNGCHIE
 MioMuse
 James Wang
+lavaicer
+loverainye
+rgshare
 Qliangw
-Wang Yujia
-alfred
 沙漠之子
+Wang Yujia
 Shell
 xhal
 will
 VVatt
 gggwvg
-Dazhuangw
-Alterem
-YH
-Xrtero
-Xingwen Zhang
-Shan Chenyu
-RichardLCD
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-Jeremy2214
+alfred
+duzhuoshanwai
+Ein Verne
 BingCoke
 FunKeen
-Ein Verne
-lewis1573
-leo
-kid1412621
-kassadin
-juemuren4449
+Jeremy2214
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+QinShower
+RichardLCD
+Shan Chenyu
+Xingwen Zhang
+Xrtero
+YH
+Alterem
+Dazhuangw
 jqz3.tech
-Forever121
+juemuren4449
+kassadin
+kid1412621
+leo
+lewis1573
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -65,55 +66,54 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-cxalc
-dayday
-Deny
-dongpohezui
-duzhuoshanwai
-ecjtusbs
-gang.yang
-gedune
-gesty
-ghy
-githubwxz
-gcluffy
-hotdogc1017
-huangyao
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
-七朔
-孤城落寞
-尘埃
-Wei Xu
-Loofra
-扶苏如是
-ReZero
-极简XksA
-移动的红烧肉
-继刚
-老犁
-Kyofin
-谢民皆
-远方
-bycs
+hululu1068
+huangyao
+hotdogc1017
+gcluffy
+githubwxz
+ghy
+gesty
+gedune
+gang.yang
+ecjtusbs
+dongpohezui
+Deny
+dayday
+cxalc
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
-rexlin600
-sfwwslm
-shc
-shuangcui
-snovey
-tangke
-tutianyu101
-UniqueDing
-weibk
-Lingfeng Wang
-yanyx
-zjlovezj
-zodiac
-zoomdong
-zuixin369
+bycs
+远方
+谢民皆
+Kyofin
+老犁
+继刚
+移动的红烧肉
+极简XksA
+ReZero
+扶苏如是
+Loofra
+Wei Xu
+尘埃
+孤城落寞
+七朔
 zyimm
-Q.Ben Zheng
+zuixin369
+zoomdong
+zodiac
+zjlovezj
+yanyx
+Lingfeng Wang
+weibk
+UniqueDing
+tutianyu101
+tangke
+snovey
+shuangcui
+shc
+sfwwslm
+rexlin600
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -141,9 +141,10 @@
 Danny
 DaYangtuo247
 Cui Yang
-Azroy
+azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
 chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
@@ -173,8 +174,7 @@
 Rocher
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
-Ray Yee
-QinShower
+Ray Yee
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 2507c01aefb7b642ffbd29a2eee99a7d452183d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2025 03:08:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1005/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 79063b9841c..fc680067304 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -312,24 +312,23 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 ernest
 dulltackle
 zyy2477
+rgshare
+loverainye
 SteveLauC
 YEUNGCHIE
+lavaicer
 MioMuse
 James Wang
-lavaicer
-loverainye
-rgshare
-Qliangw
+Ein Verne
+gggwvg
+VVatt
+will
+xhal
+Shell
 沙漠之子
+Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
-Shell
-xhal
-will
-VVatt
-gggwvg
 alfred
-duzhuoshanwai
-Ein Verne
 BingCoke
 FunKeen
 Jeremy2214
@@ -367,11 +366,11 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 gedune
 gang.yang
 ecjtusbs
+duzhuoshanwai
 dongpohezui
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
 bycs
 远方
@@ -404,6 +403,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From b8469913bda874ad4e6565feeb82b03a5123be22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2025 03:08:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1006/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 65bfe00654f..6baa3744322 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -22,24 +22,23 @@
 ernest
 dulltackle
 zyy2477
+rgshare
+loverainye
 SteveLauC
 YEUNGCHIE
+lavaicer
 MioMuse
 James Wang
-lavaicer
-loverainye
-rgshare
-Qliangw
+Ein Verne
+gggwvg
+VVatt
+will
+xhal
+Shell
 沙漠之子
+Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
-Shell
-xhal
-will
-VVatt
-gggwvg
 alfred
-duzhuoshanwai
-Ein Verne
 BingCoke
 FunKeen
 Jeremy2214
@@ -77,11 +76,11 @@
 gedune
 gang.yang
 ecjtusbs
+duzhuoshanwai
 dongpohezui
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
 bycs
 远方
@@ -114,6 +113,7 @@
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From 025cc0024d82a286a8a23e6f321c54df23f96d48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shan Chenyu <103872353+ischenyu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 1 Feb 2025 20:05:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1007/1052] doc: Update README.md (#631)

Replaced the expired domain name
---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fc680067304..e7e400ce4c2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.xyz`](https://linux.alistnas.xyz/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
+[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 

From 5e883e0dd3f2dca3325c0741d2855cc27dcae21b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 1 Feb 2025 12:06:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1008/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e7e400ce4c2..9de0b9d1ce2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -312,41 +312,42 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 ernest
 dulltackle
 zyy2477
-rgshare
-loverainye
 SteveLauC
-YEUNGCHIE
-lavaicer
 MioMuse
+Shan Chenyu
 James Wang
-Ein Verne
-gggwvg
-VVatt
-will
-xhal
-Shell
-沙漠之子
+YEUNGCHIE
+lavaicer
+loverainye
+rgshare
 Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
+沙漠之子
 alfred
-BingCoke
-FunKeen
-Jeremy2214
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-QinShower
-RichardLCD
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
-Xrtero
-YH
-Alterem
+Shell
+xhal
+will
+VVatt
+gggwvg
+duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-kid1412621
-leo
+Alterem
+YH
+Xrtero
+Xingwen Zhang
+RichardLCD
+QinShower
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+Jeremy2214
+FunKeen
+BingCoke
+Ein Verne
 lewis1573
+leo
+kid1412621
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -366,11 +367,11 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 gedune
 gang.yang
 ecjtusbs
-duzhuoshanwai
 dongpohezui
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
 bycs
 远方
@@ -403,7 +404,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
-Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -423,11 +423,11 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Jack
 Huntout Zhang
 HighScorePlayer
-Herbert8
+重劍無鋒
 Guiying Li
 Frankie
 Divenire
-Derek
+Derek
 Danny
 DaYangtuo247
 Cui Yang

From 9585b89cda8f292b898a0d8135dc7aca5d303541 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sat, 1 Feb 2025 12:06:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1009/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 62 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 6baa3744322..9abf086e703 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -22,41 +22,42 @@
 ernest
 dulltackle
 zyy2477
-rgshare
-loverainye
 SteveLauC
-YEUNGCHIE
-lavaicer
 MioMuse
+Shan Chenyu
 James Wang
-Ein Verne
-gggwvg
-VVatt
-will
-xhal
-Shell
-沙漠之子
+YEUNGCHIE
+lavaicer
+loverainye
+rgshare
 Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
+沙漠之子
 alfred
-BingCoke
-FunKeen
-Jeremy2214
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-QinShower
-RichardLCD
-Shan Chenyu
-Xingwen Zhang
-Xrtero
-YH
-Alterem
+Shell
+xhal
+will
+VVatt
+gggwvg
+duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-kid1412621
-leo
+Alterem
+YH
+Xrtero
+Xingwen Zhang
+RichardLCD
+QinShower
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+Jeremy2214
+FunKeen
+BingCoke
+Ein Verne
 lewis1573
+leo
+kid1412621
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -76,11 +77,11 @@
 gedune
 gang.yang
 ecjtusbs
-duzhuoshanwai
 dongpohezui
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
 bycs
 远方
@@ -113,7 +114,6 @@
 shc
 sfwwslm
 rexlin600
-Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@
 Jack
 Huntout Zhang
 HighScorePlayer
-Herbert8
+重劍無鋒
 Guiying Li
 Frankie
 Divenire
-Derek
+Derek
 Danny
 DaYangtuo247
 Cui Yang

From 87a3efdb86e115c0682604b59be0e7d6e3c2659b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: waiwai <131680154+waiwai24@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 09:09:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1010/1052] Add nstat.md and updata Readme.md (#632)

* Update README.md

* Update README.md

* add nstat.md
---
 README.md        |   2 +-
 command/nstat.md | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 command/nstat.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9de0b9d1ce2..c2618a74d4a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 [![jsdelivr cdn](https://data.jsdelivr.com/v1/package/npm/linux-command/badge)](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/linux-command)
 [![Docker Image Size (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command)
 
-当前仓库搜集了 580 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
+当前仓库搜集了 600 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
 
 ## Web 版本
 
diff --git a/command/nstat.md b/command/nstat.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45d0c42cd7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/nstat.md
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+nstat
+===
+
+nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。
+
+## 补充说明
+
+大多数命令行用户都熟悉 netstat ，这是 net-tools 软件包中的命令。目前新版本中 net-tools 软件包几乎完全被弃用，取而代之的是 ip 命令套件，而 nstat 属于新软件包。
+
+###  语法
+
+```s
+nstat [OPTION] [ PATTERN [ PATTERN ] ]
+```
+
+###  选项
+
+```shell
+-h：显示帮助信息；
+-V：显示指令版本信息；
+-z：转储零计数器。默认情况下不显示它们；
+-r：清零历史统计；
+-n：不显示任何内容，仅更新历史；
+-a：显示计数器的绝对值；
+-d：以守护进程模式运行并收集统计数据
+-s：不更新历史；
+-j：JSON格式输出。
+```
+
+### 实例
+
+直接输入以查询网络接口状态，以下展示了 IPv4，IPv6，TCP，UDP，ICMP 的统计数据：
+
+```shell
+nstat          
+#kernel
+IpInReceives                    769152             0.0
+IpInAddrErrors                  1                  0.0
+IpInDelivers                    769146             0.0
+IpOutRequests                   764236             0.0
+IpOutDiscards                   20                 0.0
+IpOutNoRoutes                   1                  0.0
+IcmpInMsgs                      92                 0.0
+IcmpInDestUnreachs              92                 0.0
+IcmpOutMsgs                     94                 0.0
+IcmpOutDestUnreachs             94                 0.0
+IcmpMsgInType3                  92                 0.0
+IcmpMsgOutType3                 94                 0.0
+TcpActiveOpens                  1786               0.0
+TcpPassiveOpens                 142                0.0
+TcpAttemptFails                 11                 0.0
+TcpEstabResets                  72                 0.0
+TcpInSegs                       756827             0.0
+TcpOutSegs                      802908             0.0
+TcpRetransSegs                  767                0.0
+TcpOutRsts                      702                0.0
+UdpInDatagrams                  12075              0.0
+UdpNoPorts                      82                 0.0
+UdpOutDatagrams                 7045               0.0
+UdpIgnoredMulti                 70                 0.0
+Ip6InReceives                   5005               0.0
+Ip6InDelivers                   5005               0.0
+Ip6OutRequests                  131                0.0
+Ip6OutDiscards                  2                  0.0
+Ip6OutNoRoutes                  959                0.0
+Ip6InMcastPkts                  4999               0.0
+Ip6OutMcastPkts                 125                0.0
+Ip6InOctets                     797462             0.0
+Ip6OutOctets                    16421              0.0
+Ip6InMcastOctets                797030             0.0
+Ip6OutMcastOctets               15949              0.0
+Ip6InNoECTPkts                  5005               0.0
+Icmp6InMsgs                     3                  0.0
+Icmp6OutMsgs                    51                 0.0
+Icmp6InNeighborAdvertisements   1                  0.0
+Icmp6InMLDv2Reports             2                  0.0
+Icmp6OutRouterSolicits          11                 0.0
+Icmp6OutNeighborSolicits        4                  0.0
+Icmp6OutMLDv2Reports            36                 0.0
+Icmp6InType136                  1                  0.0
+Icmp6InType143                  2                  0.0
+Icmp6OutType133                 11                 0.0
+Icmp6OutType135                 4                  0.0
+Icmp6OutType143                 36                 0.0
+Udp6InDatagrams                 4998               0.0
+Udp6OutDatagrams                76                 0.0
+TcpExtTW                        385                0.0
+TcpExtPAWSEstab                 1                  0.0
+TcpExtDelayedACKs               37133              0.0
+TcpExtDelayedACKLocked          57                 0.0
+TcpExtDelayedACKLost            456                0.0
+TcpExtTCPHPHits                 417717             0.0
+TcpExtTCPPureAcks               34186              0.0
+TcpExtTCPHPAcks                 222980             0.0
+TcpExtTCPSACKReorder            1                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPLossUndo               194                0.0
+TcpExtTCPLostRetransmit         169                0.0
+TcpExtTCPSlowStartRetrans       1                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPTimeouts               494                0.0
+TcpExtTCPLossProbes             309                0.0
+TcpExtTCPBacklogCoalesce        571                0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKOldSent           281                0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKRecv              281                0.0
+TcpExtTCPAbortOnData            13                 0.0
+TcpExtTCPAbortOnClose           30                 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKIgnoredOld        1                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo     258                0.0
+TcpExtTCPSackShiftFallback      1                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPRcvCoalesce            18314              0.0
+TcpExtTCPFastOpenActiveFail     2                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues  11                 0.0
+TcpExtTCPAutoCorking            1684               0.0
+TcpExtTCPFromZeroWindowAdv      2                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPToZeroWindowAdv        2                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPSynRetrans             479                0.0
+TcpExtTCPOrigDataSent           359814             0.0
+TcpExtTCPHystartTrainDetect     13                 0.0
+TcpExtTCPHystartTrainCwnd       550                0.0
+TcpExtTCPKeepAlive              18                 0.0
+TcpExtTCPDelivered              361695             0.0
+TcpExtTCPZeroWindowDrop         1                  0.0
+TcpExtTcpTimeoutRehash          494                0.0
+TcpExtTcpDuplicateDataRehash    2                  0.0
+TcpExtTCPDSACKRecvSegs          281                0.0
+IpExtInNoRoutes                 3                  0.0
+IpExtInMcastPkts                5392               0.0
+IpExtOutMcastPkts               221                0.0
+IpExtInBcastPkts                70                 0.0
+IpExtOutBcastPkts               10                 0.0
+IpExtInOctets                   2100280442         0.0
+IpExtOutOctets                  226760631          0.0
+IpExtInMcastOctets              746608             0.0
+IpExtOutMcastOctets             27565              0.0
+IpExtInBcastOctets              5674               0.0
+IpExtOutBcastOctets             778                0.0
+IpExtInNoECTPkts                1885871            0.0
+```
\ No newline at end of file

From b066d7a2dad799696c7c2125a9998c23d094be4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 01:10:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1011/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c2618a74d4a..8910741d6c7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -342,13 +342,12 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 FunKeen
 BingCoke
 Ein Verne
+linuxwd
 lewis1573
 leo
 kid1412621
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
-jqz3.tech
-linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
 dufu
@@ -356,6 +355,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
+rexlin600
+jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -371,7 +372,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
 bycs
 远方
@@ -396,6 +396,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 yanyx
 Lingfeng Wang
 weibk
+waiwai
 UniqueDing
 tutianyu101
 tangke
@@ -403,7 +404,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 shuangcui
 shc
 sfwwslm
-rexlin600
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From d0a57388a37a87afc719ed9cedcc58fd3a1625f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 01:10:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1012/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 9abf086e703..df27ac528f9 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -52,13 +52,12 @@
 FunKeen
 BingCoke
 Ein Verne
+linuxwd
 lewis1573
 leo
 kid1412621
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
-jqz3.tech
-linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
 dufu
@@ -66,6 +65,8 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
+rexlin600
+jqz3.tech
 jcdj666
 hululu1068
 huangyao
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@
 Deny
 dayday
 cxalc
-Q.Ben Zheng
 Yidan Wang
 bycs
 远方
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
 yanyx
 Lingfeng Wang
 weibk
+waiwai
 UniqueDing
 tutianyu101
 tangke
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@
 shuangcui
 shc
 sfwwslm
-rexlin600
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm

From 4ce13f3cd8284ee782f0467fbd1491aeb34c8593 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jelly <141554249+JellyObjeck@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 18:31:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1013/1052] doc: Update vi.md (#633)

---
 command/vi.md | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/command/vi.md b/command/vi.md
index 63ce4a16539..7536619c178 100644
--- a/command/vi.md
+++ b/command/vi.md
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ vi和ex编辑器的功能是相同的，二者的主要区别是用户界面。
 则从文件第一行至文件末尾（$）将大写I全部替换成小写i。vi编辑器的三种工作方式之间的转换如图所示。
 
 !vi
+【查看行号】
+在 vi 或 vim 编辑器中，按 Esc，然后输入：
+:set number
 
 
 

From 60d460c5b30284749424d968c078fb9d97494188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 10:32:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1014/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 97 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8910741d6c7..67ab431e46e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -348,6 +348,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 kid1412621
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
+Forever121
 Ricardowang
 cole
 dufu
@@ -356,55 +357,54 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 nsnans
 oliver
 rexlin600
-jqz3.tech
-jcdj666
-hululu1068
-huangyao
-hotdogc1017
-gcluffy
-githubwxz
-ghy
-gesty
-gedune
-gang.yang
-ecjtusbs
-dongpohezui
-Deny
-dayday
 cxalc
-Yidan Wang
-bycs
-远方
-谢民皆
-Kyofin
-老犁
-继刚
-移动的红烧肉
-极简XksA
-ReZero
-扶苏如是
-Loofra
-Wei Xu
-尘埃
-孤城落寞
+dayday
+Deny
+dongpohezui
+ecjtusbs
+gang.yang
+gedune
+gesty
+ghy
+githubwxz
+gcluffy
+hotdogc1017
+huangyao
+hululu1068
+jcdj666
+jqz3.tech
 七朔
-zyimm
-zuixin369
-zoomdong
-zodiac
-zjlovezj
-yanyx
-Lingfeng Wang
-weibk
-waiwai
-UniqueDing
-tutianyu101
-tangke
-snovey
-shuangcui
-shc
+孤城落寞
+尘埃
+Wei Xu
+Loofra
+扶苏如是
+ReZero
+极简XksA
+移动的红烧肉
+继刚
+老犁
+Kyofin
+谢民皆
+远方
+bycs
+Yidan Wang
 sfwwslm
-Q.Ben Zheng
+shc
+shuangcui
+snovey
+tangke
+tutianyu101
+UniqueDing
+waiwai
+weibk
+Lingfeng Wang
+yanyx
+zjlovezj
+zodiac
+zoomdong
+zuixin369
+zyimm
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -420,6 +420,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 LaudOak
 Karl Horky
 Nexchard
+Jelly
 Jack.A.Black
 Jack
 Huntout Zhang
@@ -435,7 +436,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-Forever121
 chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
@@ -465,7 +465,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Rocher
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
-Ray Yee
+Ray Yee
+Q.Ben Zheng
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 5ff4e61c6d33846c8e0939ed7d65bc07937c6e05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 10:32:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1015/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 97 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index df27ac528f9..dab9e0bdc01 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 kid1412621
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
+Forever121
 Ricardowang
 cole
 dufu
@@ -66,55 +67,54 @@
 nsnans
 oliver
 rexlin600
-jqz3.tech
-jcdj666
-hululu1068
-huangyao
-hotdogc1017
-gcluffy
-githubwxz
-ghy
-gesty
-gedune
-gang.yang
-ecjtusbs
-dongpohezui
-Deny
-dayday
 cxalc
-Yidan Wang
-bycs
-远方
-谢民皆
-Kyofin
-老犁
-继刚
-移动的红烧肉
-极简XksA
-ReZero
-扶苏如是
-Loofra
-Wei Xu
-尘埃
-孤城落寞
+dayday
+Deny
+dongpohezui
+ecjtusbs
+gang.yang
+gedune
+gesty
+ghy
+githubwxz
+gcluffy
+hotdogc1017
+huangyao
+hululu1068
+jcdj666
+jqz3.tech
 七朔
-zyimm
-zuixin369
-zoomdong
-zodiac
-zjlovezj
-yanyx
-Lingfeng Wang
-weibk
-waiwai
-UniqueDing
-tutianyu101
-tangke
-snovey
-shuangcui
-shc
+孤城落寞
+尘埃
+Wei Xu
+Loofra
+扶苏如是
+ReZero
+极简XksA
+移动的红烧肉
+继刚
+老犁
+Kyofin
+谢民皆
+远方
+bycs
+Yidan Wang
 sfwwslm
-Q.Ben Zheng
+shc
+shuangcui
+snovey
+tangke
+tutianyu101
+UniqueDing
+waiwai
+weibk
+Lingfeng Wang
+yanyx
+zjlovezj
+zodiac
+zoomdong
+zuixin369
+zyimm
 Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@
 LaudOak
 Karl Horky
 Nexchard
+Jelly
 Jack.A.Black
 Jack
 Huntout Zhang
@@ -145,7 +146,6 @@
 azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-Forever121
 chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@
 Rocher
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
-Ray Yee
+Ray Yee
+Q.Ben Zheng
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From a4a9cdaf17a21cb403eba356230ed4b11283d379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xrtero <55886907+Xrtero@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2025 13:39:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1016/1052] doc: Update pacman.md (#634)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

update(doc):添加pacman的一些示例
---
 command/pacman.md | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/pacman.md b/command/pacman.md
index 83b953f2954..60ce0307a04 100644
--- a/command/pacman.md
+++ b/command/pacman.md
@@ -10,15 +10,20 @@ Arch Linux 系统及其衍生系统中默认使用的包管理器
 ## 实例
 
 ### 安装软件包
-
+官方软件包
 ```bash
 pacman -S p7zip
 ```
 
-也可以安装一个软件包组
+非官方软件包（用户制作）
+```bash
+yay -S package_name1 package_name2 ...
+```
+
+### 查询软件包
 
 ```bash
-pacman -S gnome
+pacman -Ss package_name1 package_name2 ...
 ```
 
 ### 列出所有软件包

From e5c4b39384a16448fe358d658ed63e2129f7e055 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2025 05:40:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1017/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 26 +++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 67ab431e46e..cb037d1d429 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -312,28 +312,28 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 ernest
 dulltackle
 zyy2477
+rgshare
+loverainye
+lavaicer
+YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
 MioMuse
-Shan Chenyu
+Xrtero
 James Wang
-YEUNGCHIE
-lavaicer
-loverainye
-rgshare
+Shan Chenyu
+duzhuoshanwai
+gggwvg
+VVatt
+will
+xhal
+Shell
+沙漠之子
 Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
-沙漠之子
 alfred
-Shell
-xhal
-will
-VVatt
-gggwvg
-duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-Xrtero
 Xingwen Zhang
 RichardLCD
 QinShower

From 86cb964667a680019c456c71a45eed09889115e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2025 05:40:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1018/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 26 +++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index dab9e0bdc01..61f29d0860f 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -22,28 +22,28 @@
 ernest
 dulltackle
 zyy2477
+rgshare
+loverainye
+lavaicer
+YEUNGCHIE
 SteveLauC
 MioMuse
-Shan Chenyu
+Xrtero
 James Wang
-YEUNGCHIE
-lavaicer
-loverainye
-rgshare
+Shan Chenyu
+duzhuoshanwai
+gggwvg
+VVatt
+will
+xhal
+Shell
+沙漠之子
 Qliangw
 Wang Yujia
-沙漠之子
 alfred
-Shell
-xhal
-will
-VVatt
-gggwvg
-duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 YH
-Xrtero
 Xingwen Zhang
 RichardLCD
 QinShower

From 6fcaf53f18960d4138c3d4173b0a79d81fab07fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaywcjlove <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2025 08:44:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1019/1052] released v1.20.0

---
 package.json | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8bba58fe3ac..a5b637f755c 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "linux-command",
-  "version": "1.19.1",
+  "version": "1.20.0",
   "description": "Linux Command",
   "homepage": "https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/",
   "main": "dist/data.json",

From 4ce1d2da7ad35afac5aefe2b0a072a89979536c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Github1977 <68886053+li7355608@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 11:58:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1020/1052] faet: add ufw.md (#636)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* Create ufw.md

新增ufw命令

* Update ufw.md

修改标题获取

* Update ufw.md

规范格式
---
 command/ufw.md | 104 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 command/ufw.md

diff --git a/command/ufw.md b/command/ufw.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43ce91a1289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/ufw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+ufw
+===  
+
+ubuntu防火墙管理工具
+
+## 概要
+
+```shell
+sudo ufw [选项] [规则/命令]
+```
+
+## 用途
+
+- 管理Ubuntu系统防火墙规则，简化`iptables`操作。
+- 启用或禁用防火墙，查看当前防火墙状态。
+- 快速配置允许/拒绝端口、服务或特定IP的访问。
+
+## 参数
+
+### 常用操作命令
+
+- `enable`: 启用防火墙并设置开机自启。
+- `disable`: 关闭防火墙。
+- `reload`: 重新加载防火墙规则（不中断现有连接）。
+- `reset`: 重置所有规则到初始状态。
+- `allow `: 允许指定规则（如端口、服务）。
+- `deny `: 拒绝指定规则。
+- `status`: 显示防火墙状态和规则列表。
+
+### 规则格式
+
+- ``: 端口号（如 `22`、`80/tcp`）。
+- ``: 协议类型（`tcp` 或 `udp`）。
+- `comment `: 为规则添加注释（需配合 `allow`/`deny` 使用）。
+
+### 选项
+
+- `--dry-run`: 仅显示规则变更，不实际应用。
+
+------
+
+## 返回值
+
+- 成功执行返回 `0`。
+- 错误或无效参数返回非零值。
+
+------
+
+## 示例
+
+### 基础操作
+
+```
+# 启用防火墙
+sudo ufw enable
+
+# 关闭防火墙
+sudo ufw disable
+
+# 查看防火墙状态
+sudo ufw status
+```
+
+### 规则配置
+
+```
+# 允许SSH默认端口（22/tcp）
+sudo ufw allow ssh
+
+# 允许TCP协议的8080端口并添加注释
+sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp comment "Web Server"
+
+# 拒绝来自192.168.1.5的访问
+sudo ufw deny from 192.168.1.5
+
+# 拒绝UDP协议的53端口
+sudo ufw deny 53/udp
+```
+
+### 高级操作
+
+```
+# 显示带编号的规则列表（便于删除）
+sudo ufw status numbered
+
+# 删除第3条规则
+sudo ufw delete 3
+
+# 重置所有规则
+sudo ufw reset
+```
+
+------
+
+## 注意
+
+1. **权限要求**：需使用 `sudo` 执行命令。
+2. **默认策略**：首次启用时默认阻止所有入站流量，允许所有出站流量。
+3. **规则优先级**：
+   规则按顺序匹配，先拒绝后允许可能导致冲突
+4. **日志记录**：
+   可通过 `sudo ufw logging on` 启用日志，日志路径为 `/var/log/ufw.log`
+5. **服务名称支持**：
+   支持 `/etc/services` 中定义的服务名（如 `http`、`ssh`）

From 8cf952e395224f60a4015b11993675191891736f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 03:59:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1021/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cb037d1d429..27d623d80a7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 linuxwd
 lewis1573
 leo
-kid1412621
+NanoNova
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
 Forever121
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
-Mystic
+chaofan
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -427,6 +427,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 HighScorePlayer
 重劍無鋒
 Guiying Li
+Github1977
 Frankie
 Divenire
 Derek
@@ -436,7 +437,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bestlaw66
@@ -466,7 +466,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
-Q.Ben Zheng
+Q.Ben Zheng
+Mystic
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 4d8d6c86913c43f6469a2fae55f3b20a14b3799d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 03:59:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1022/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 61f29d0860f..220d95ff8ef 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 linuxwd
 lewis1573
 leo
-kid1412621
+NanoNova
 kassadin
 juemuren4449
 Forever121
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
-Mystic
+chaofan
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
 HighScorePlayer
 重劍無鋒
 Guiying Li
+Github1977
 Frankie
 Divenire
 Derek
@@ -146,7 +147,6 @@
 azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
-chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bestlaw66
@@ -176,7 +176,8 @@
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
-Q.Ben Zheng
+Q.Ben Zheng
+Mystic
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 74e3582ea24f489605f3dbd066b3ecfdd78cd1e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hanwei 
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 12:06:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1023/1052] doc: Update vi.md (#637)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

有些符号是全角中文，应该改为半角英文
---
 command/vi.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/vi.md b/command/vi.md
index 7536619c178..6f78d225eab 100644
--- a/command/vi.md
+++ b/command/vi.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ nyy：将当前行及其下n行的内容保存到寄存器？中，其中？为
 p：粘贴文本操作，用于将缓存区的内容粘贴到当前光标所在位置的下方；
 P：粘贴文本操作，用于将缓存区的内容粘贴到当前光标所在位置的上方；
 /字符串：文本查找操作，用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件尾部查找指定字符串的内容，查找的字符串会被加亮显示；
-？字符串：文本查找操作，用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件头部查找指定字符串的内容，查找的字符串会被加亮显示；
+?字符串：文本查找操作，用于从当前光标所在位置开始向文件头部查找指定字符串的内容，查找的字符串会被加亮显示；
 a，bs/F/T：替换文本操作，用于在第a行到第b行之间，将F字符串换成T字符串。其中，“s/”表示进行替换操作；
 a：在当前字符后添加文本；
 A：在行末添加文本；
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ o：在当前行后面插入一空行；
 O：在当前行前面插入一空行；
 :wq：在命令模式下，执行存盘退出操作；
 :w：在命令模式下，执行存盘操作；
-:w！：在命令模式下，执行强制存盘操作；
+:w!：在命令模式下，执行强制存盘操作；
 :q：在命令模式下，执行退出vi操作；
-:q！：在命令模式下，执行强制退出vi操作；
+:q!：在命令模式下，执行强制退出vi操作；
 :e文件名：在命令模式下，打开并编辑指定名称的文件；
 :n：在命令模式下，如果同时打开多个文件，则继续编辑下一个文件；
 :f：在命令模式下，用于显示当前的文件名、光标所在行的行号以及显示比例；

From 9b2c3111d23d799b8007f09b5d5df659429aaa5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:07:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1024/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 27d623d80a7..0e221593088 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -321,34 +321,34 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Xrtero
 James Wang
 Shan Chenyu
-duzhuoshanwai
+BingCoke
 gggwvg
 VVatt
 will
 xhal
 Shell
 沙漠之子
-Qliangw
-Wang Yujia
 alfred
+Wang Yujia
+Qliangw
+Ein Verne
+FunKeen
+Jeremy2214
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+QinShower
+duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
-YH
-Xingwen Zhang
 RichardLCD
-QinShower
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-Jeremy2214
-FunKeen
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-linuxwd
-lewis1573
-leo
-NanoNova
-kassadin
+Xingwen Zhang
+YH
+jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
-Forever121
+kassadin
+NanoNova
+leo
+lewis1573
+linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
 dufu
@@ -356,23 +356,23 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-rexlin600
-cxalc
-dayday
-Deny
-dongpohezui
-ecjtusbs
-gang.yang
-gedune
-gesty
-ghy
-githubwxz
-gcluffy
-hotdogc1017
-huangyao
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
-jqz3.tech
+hululu1068
+huangyao
+hotdogc1017
+gcluffy
+githubwxz
+ghy
+gesty
+gedune
+gang.yang
+ecjtusbs
+dongpohezui
+Deny
+dayday
+cxalc
+Forever121
+rexlin600
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃

From b15713b8677cdb7ef12c0fc809bb9283c9776d4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:07:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1025/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 66 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 220d95ff8ef..45f19124345 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -31,34 +31,34 @@
 Xrtero
 James Wang
 Shan Chenyu
-duzhuoshanwai
+BingCoke
 gggwvg
 VVatt
 will
 xhal
 Shell
 沙漠之子
-Qliangw
-Wang Yujia
 alfred
+Wang Yujia
+Qliangw
+Ein Verne
+FunKeen
+Jeremy2214
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+QinShower
+duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
-YH
-Xingwen Zhang
 RichardLCD
-QinShower
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-Jeremy2214
-FunKeen
-BingCoke
-Ein Verne
-linuxwd
-lewis1573
-leo
-NanoNova
-kassadin
+Xingwen Zhang
+YH
+jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
-Forever121
+kassadin
+NanoNova
+leo
+lewis1573
+linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
 dufu
@@ -66,23 +66,23 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-rexlin600
-cxalc
-dayday
-Deny
-dongpohezui
-ecjtusbs
-gang.yang
-gedune
-gesty
-ghy
-githubwxz
-gcluffy
-hotdogc1017
-huangyao
-hululu1068
 jcdj666
-jqz3.tech
+hululu1068
+huangyao
+hotdogc1017
+gcluffy
+githubwxz
+ghy
+gesty
+gedune
+gang.yang
+ecjtusbs
+dongpohezui
+Deny
+dayday
+cxalc
+Forever121
+rexlin600
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃

From 984f1fa82f797c86b05443cc104b23516c8f59bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: illmons 
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2025 22:27:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1026/1052] doc: update command/losetup.md (#639)

---
 command/losetup.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/losetup.md b/command/losetup.md
index 237436c97df..bedaea698b2 100644
--- a/command/losetup.md
+++ b/command/losetup.md
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ losetup [ -d ] loop_device
 dd if=/dev/zero of=floppy.img bs=512 count=2880
 ```
 
-使用 losetup将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成快设备：
+使用 losetup 将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成块设备：
 
 ```shell
 losetup /dev/loop1 floppy.img
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ losetup /dev/loop1 floppy.img
 mount /dev/loop0 /tmp
 ```
 
-经过上面的三步之后，我们就可以通过/tmp目录，像访问真实快设备一样来访问磁盘镜像文件floppy.img。
+经过上面的三步之后，我们就可以通过/tmp目录，像访问真实块设备一样来访问磁盘镜像文件floppy.img。
 
 卸载loop设备：
 

From 6494d44c0666e69c8da911e87ef3e989b49a92c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2025 14:28:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1027/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0e221593088..1188d762b50 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -340,8 +340,9 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 RichardLCD
-Xingwen Zhang
 YH
+Xingwen Zhang
+Mystic
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -356,22 +357,22 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-jcdj666
-hululu1068
-huangyao
-hotdogc1017
-gcluffy
-githubwxz
-ghy
-gesty
-gedune
-gang.yang
-ecjtusbs
-dongpohezui
-Deny
-dayday
 cxalc
-Forever121
+dayday
+Deny
+dongpohezui
+ecjtusbs
+gang.yang
+gedune
+gesty
+ghy
+githubwxz
+hanwei
+gcluffy
+hotdogc1017
+huangyao
+hululu1068
+jcdj666
 rexlin600
 七朔
 孤城落寞
@@ -405,7 +406,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
-chaofan
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -437,6 +437,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
+chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bestlaw66
@@ -466,8 +468,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
-Q.Ben Zheng
-Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From cea25ecad65a25e368fa359e4e15c8980ebe33d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2025 14:28:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1028/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 45f19124345..0472d7c490c 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
 RichardLCD
-Xingwen Zhang
 YH
+Xingwen Zhang
+Mystic
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -66,22 +67,22 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-jcdj666
-hululu1068
-huangyao
-hotdogc1017
-gcluffy
-githubwxz
-ghy
-gesty
-gedune
-gang.yang
-ecjtusbs
-dongpohezui
-Deny
-dayday
 cxalc
-Forever121
+dayday
+Deny
+dongpohezui
+ecjtusbs
+gang.yang
+gedune
+gesty
+ghy
+githubwxz
+hanwei
+gcluffy
+hotdogc1017
+huangyao
+hululu1068
+jcdj666
 rexlin600
 七朔
 孤城落寞
@@ -115,7 +116,6 @@
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
-chaofan
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei
@@ -147,6 +147,8 @@
 azroy
 Alan
 0x_000
+Forever121
+chaofan
 c2ch
 brinkqiang
 bestlaw66
@@ -176,8 +178,7 @@
 Robigus
 Rining Wu
 Ray Yee
-Q.Ben Zheng
-Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 184faaaac8b4f58fa586d994cc480d40c2a596f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: geekeryy 
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2025 11:16:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1029/1052] doc: Update README.md (#641)

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1188d762b50..d679ce3eae6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
+[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/), [`linux.jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 

From 08b80e8206507ba811bda67215f4c01a48a08e36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2025 03:17:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1030/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d679ce3eae6..b4e7b0e0605 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 RichardLCD
 YH
 Xingwen Zhang
-Mystic
+cxalc
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -357,7 +357,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-cxalc
 dayday
 Deny
 dongpohezui
@@ -372,6 +371,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 hotdogc1017
 huangyao
 hululu1068
+illmons
 jcdj666
 rexlin600
 七朔
@@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
+Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From e4a5781542bc6fd0bb72db5e017b6090ac4efadb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2025 03:17:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1031/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 0472d7c490c..2af191f255a 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 RichardLCD
 YH
 Xingwen Zhang
-Mystic
+cxalc
 jqz3.tech
 juemuren4449
 kassadin
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 oliver
-cxalc
 dayday
 Deny
 dongpohezui
@@ -82,6 +81,7 @@
 hotdogc1017
 huangyao
 hululu1068
+illmons
 jcdj666
 rexlin600
 七朔
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
 zyimm
+Mystic
 MinsonLee
 Marnm
 mwei

From 3c1b8ca90cb8432afee0b77601632c69b68197b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: focksor 
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 12:58:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1032/1052] doc: atop.md, git.md (#642)

---
 command/atop.md |  8 ++---
 command/git.md  | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/command/atop.md b/command/atop.md
index 0b5535f1f10..ca04cc49b93 100644
--- a/command/atop.md
+++ b/command/atop.md
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ atop [选项] [参数]
 该列显示进程整体运行情况：
 
 - sys、usr字段分别指示进程在内核态和用户态的运行时间
-- #proc字段指示进程总数
-- #zombie字段指示僵尸进程的数量
-- #exit字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量
+- `#proc` 字段指示进程总数
+- `#zombie` 字段指示僵尸进程的数量
+- `#exit` 字段指示atop采样周期期间退出的进程数量
 
 ### CPU列
 
@@ -111,4 +111,4 @@ atop开发者提供了以上日志保存方式，相应的`atop.daily`脚本可
 
 ## 相关资料
 
-- [官方手册](http://www.atoptool.nl/download/man_atop-1.pdf)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [官方手册](http://www.atoptool.nl/download/man_atop-1.pdf)
diff --git a/command/git.md b/command/git.md
index 2c7ea45b20a..7295ee20e29 100644
--- a/command/git.md
+++ b/command/git.md
@@ -63,25 +63,35 @@ tag              创建，列出，删除或验证使用GPG签名的标签对象
 
 init
 
-`git init` #初始化  
+```shell
+git init # 初始化
+```
 
 status
 
-`git status` #获取状态  
+```shell
+git status # 获取状态
+```
 
 add
 
-`git add file` # .或*代表全部添加  
-`git rm --cached ` # 在commit之前撤销git add操作  
-`git reset head` # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便  
+```shell
+git add file # .或*代表全部添加
+git rm --cached  # 在commit之前撤销git add操作
+git reset head # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便
+```
 
 commit
 
-`git commit -m "message"` #此处注意乱码  
+```shell
+git commit -m "message" # 此处注意乱码
+```
 
 remote
 
-`git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git` #添加源  
+```shell
+git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git # 添加源
+```
 
 push
 
@@ -93,9 +103,11 @@ git push -f origin master # 强制推送文件，缩写 -f（全写--force）
 
 clone
 
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git`  
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro` #克隆到自定义文件夹  
-`git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/` #SSH协议还有另一种写法。  
+```shell
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro # 克隆到自定义文件夹
+git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/ # SSH协议还有另一种写法。
+```
 
 git clone支持多种协议，除了HTTP(s)以外，还支持SSH、Git、本地文件协议等，下面是一些例子。`git clone <版本库的网址> <本地目录名>`  
 
@@ -156,7 +168,9 @@ ssh -T git@github.com # 测试是否成功
 
 **3.修改config文件**
 
-`vim ~/.ssh/config` #修改config文件，如果没有创建 `config`  
+```shell
+vim ~/.ssh/config # 修改config文件，如果没有创建 `config`
+```
 
 ```shell
 Host jslite.github.com
@@ -269,7 +283,9 @@ usage: git remote set-url [--push]   []
    or: git remote set-url --delete  
 ```
 
-`git remote set-url --delete origin https://oschina.net/wang/JSLite.js.git`
+```shell
+git remote set-url --delete origin https://oschina.net/wang/JSLite.js.git
+```
 
 **3.推送代码**
 
@@ -634,25 +650,35 @@ git config --global core.quotepath false
 
 ### init
 
-`git init` #初始化  
+```shell
+git init # 初始化
+```
 
 ### status
 
-`git status` #获取状态  
+```shell
+git status # 获取状态
+```
 
 ### add
 
-`git add file` # .或*代表全部添加  
-`git rm --cached ` # 在commit之前撤销git add操作  
-`git reset head` # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便  
+```shell
+git add file # .或*代表全部添加
+git rm --cached  # 在commit之前撤销git add操作
+git reset head # 好像比上面`git rm --cached`更方便
+```
 
 ### commit
 
-`git commit -m "message"` #此处注意乱码  
+```shell
+git commit -m "message" # 此处注意乱码
+```
 
 ### remote
 
-`git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git` #添加源  
+```shell
+git remote add origin git@github.com:JSLite/test.git # 添加源  
+```
 
 ### push
 
@@ -664,9 +690,11 @@ git push -f origin master # 强制推送文件，缩写 -f（全写--force）
 
 ## clone
 
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git`  
-`git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro` #克隆到自定义文件夹  
-`git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/` #SSH协议还有另一种写法。  
+```shell
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git
+git clone git://github.com/JSLite/JSLite.js.git mypro # 克隆到自定义文件夹  
+git clone [user@]example.com:path/to/repo.git/ # SSH协议还有另一种写法。  
+```
 
 git clone支持多种协议，除了HTTP(s)以外，还支持SSH、Git、本地文件协议等，下面是一些例子。`git clone <版本库的网址> <本地目录名>`  
 
@@ -817,7 +845,9 @@ git push -u origin branchName # 提交分支到远程origin主机中
 
 ### 拉取
 
-`git fetch -p` #拉取远程分支时，自动清理 远程分支已删除，本地还存在的对应同名分支。  
+```shell
+git fetch -p # 拉取远程分支时，自动清理 远程分支已删除，本地还存在的对应同名分支。
+```
 
 ### 分支合并
 
@@ -830,7 +860,9 @@ git merge test            # 将test分支合并到当前分支
 
 ### 重命名
 
-`git branch -m old new` #重命名分支  
+```shell
+git branch -m old new # 重命名分支
+```
 
 ### 查看
 

From edbe93191b66433cdbed7d1492a1a8b259c20113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 04:58:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1033/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 165 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b4e7b0e0605..3af46b03dee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -308,20 +308,20 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-谈笑风生间
-ernest
 dulltackle
+ernest
+谈笑风生间
 zyy2477
 rgshare
 loverainye
 lavaicer
 YEUNGCHIE
-SteveLauC
+James Wang
 MioMuse
 Xrtero
-James Wang
 Shan Chenyu
-BingCoke
+SteveLauC
+duzhuoshanwai
 gggwvg
 VVatt
 will
@@ -331,24 +331,24 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 alfred
 Wang Yujia
 Qliangw
-Ein Verne
-FunKeen
-Jeremy2214
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-QinShower
-duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
-RichardLCD
 YH
 Xingwen Zhang
-cxalc
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-NanoNova
-leo
+RichardLCD
+QinShower
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+Jeremy2214
+BingCoke
+FunKeen
+Ein Verne
 lewis1573
+leo
+NanoNova
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+jcdj666
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -356,13 +356,15 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
+zyimm
+0x_000
 dayday
 Deny
 dongpohezui
 ecjtusbs
 gang.yang
 gedune
+geekeryy
 gesty
 ghy
 githubwxz
@@ -372,8 +374,6 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 huangyao
 hululu1068
 illmons
-jcdj666
-rexlin600
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
@@ -390,6 +390,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 远方
 bycs
 Yidan Wang
+oliver
+rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
 shuangcui
@@ -405,71 +407,70 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
-zyimm
-Mystic
-MinsonLee
-Marnm
-mwei
-Wang
-Lucien
-Lix
-LinuxZilong
-Lin Wuxian
-孟思行
-LexsionLee
-Legend
-LaudOak
-Karl Horky
 Nexchard
-Jelly
-Jack.A.Black
-Jack
-Huntout Zhang
-HighScorePlayer
-重劍無鋒
-Guiying Li
-Github1977
-Frankie
-Divenire
-Derek
-Danny
-DaYangtuo247
-Cui Yang
-azroy
+Karl Horky
+LaudOak
+Legend
+LexsionLee
+孟思行
+Lin Wuxian
+LinuxZilong
+Lix
+Lucien
+Wang
+mwei
+Marnm
+MinsonLee
+Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Alan
-0x_000
-Forever121
-chaofan
-c2ch
-brinkqiang
-bestlaw66
-bell
-azureology
-Ashine
-amit794
-One Person’s Revelry
-0Knot (0KN)
-Yunbin Liu
-Yan Sheng
-Xu Chunyang
+azroy
+Cui Yang
+DaYangtuo247
+Danny
+Derek
+Divenire
+Frankie
+Github1977
+Guiying Li
+重劍無鋒
+HighScorePlayer
+Huntout Zhang
+Jack
+Jack.A.Black
+Jelly
 Xonline-Tech
-Xiaodong DENG
-XBG
-Wingrez
-Na Meng
-T-TRz879
-SunX
-Spaghetti-C
-RoachZhao
-Azolla
-SevenSteven
-SMVirus
-殇
-Rocher
-Robigus
-Rining Wu
+Xu Chunyang
+Yan Sheng
+Yunbin Liu
+0Knot (0KN)
+One Person’s Revelry
+amit794
+Ashine
+azureology
+bell
+bestlaw66
+brinkqiang
+c2ch
+chaofan
+Forever121
+cxalc
 Ray Yee
-Q.Ben Zheng
+Rining Wu
+Robigus
+Rocher
+殇
+SMVirus
+SevenSteven
+Azolla
+RoachZhao
+Spaghetti-C
+SunX
+T-TRz879
+Na Meng
+Wingrez
+XBG
+Xiaodong DENG
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From 87a3114a84f601c730e7c3f85b9f6dba3463f744 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 04:59:00 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1034/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 165 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 2af191f255a..a17485db3d2 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -18,20 +18,20 @@
 Zijing Zhang
 Fubin Zhang
 __FresHmaN
-谈笑风生间
-ernest
 dulltackle
+ernest
+谈笑风生间
 zyy2477
 rgshare
 loverainye
 lavaicer
 YEUNGCHIE
-SteveLauC
+James Wang
 MioMuse
 Xrtero
-James Wang
 Shan Chenyu
-BingCoke
+SteveLauC
+duzhuoshanwai
 gggwvg
 VVatt
 will
@@ -41,24 +41,24 @@
 alfred
 Wang Yujia
 Qliangw
-Ein Verne
-FunKeen
-Jeremy2214
-Pan, Wen-Ming
-QinShower
-duzhuoshanwai
 Dazhuangw
 Alterem
-RichardLCD
 YH
 Xingwen Zhang
-cxalc
-jqz3.tech
-juemuren4449
-kassadin
-NanoNova
-leo
+RichardLCD
+QinShower
+Pan, Wen-Ming
+Jeremy2214
+BingCoke
+FunKeen
+Ein Verne
 lewis1573
+leo
+NanoNova
+kassadin
+juemuren4449
+jqz3.tech
+jcdj666
 linuxwd
 Ricardowang
 cole
@@ -66,13 +66,15 @@
 miniwater
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
-oliver
+zyimm
+0x_000
 dayday
 Deny
 dongpohezui
 ecjtusbs
 gang.yang
 gedune
+geekeryy
 gesty
 ghy
 githubwxz
@@ -82,8 +84,6 @@
 huangyao
 hululu1068
 illmons
-jcdj666
-rexlin600
 七朔
 孤城落寞
 尘埃
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@
 远方
 bycs
 Yidan Wang
+oliver
+rexlin600
 sfwwslm
 shc
 shuangcui
@@ -115,71 +117,70 @@
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
-zyimm
-Mystic
-MinsonLee
-Marnm
-mwei
-Wang
-Lucien
-Lix
-LinuxZilong
-Lin Wuxian
-孟思行
-LexsionLee
-Legend
-LaudOak
-Karl Horky
 Nexchard
-Jelly
-Jack.A.Black
-Jack
-Huntout Zhang
-HighScorePlayer
-重劍無鋒
-Guiying Li
-Github1977
-Frankie
-Divenire
-Derek
-Danny
-DaYangtuo247
-Cui Yang
-azroy
+Karl Horky
+LaudOak
+Legend
+LexsionLee
+孟思行
+Lin Wuxian
+LinuxZilong
+Lix
+Lucien
+Wang
+mwei
+Marnm
+MinsonLee
+Mystic
+Q.Ben Zheng
 Alan
-0x_000
-Forever121
-chaofan
-c2ch
-brinkqiang
-bestlaw66
-bell
-azureology
-Ashine
-amit794
-One Person’s Revelry
-0Knot (0KN)
-Yunbin Liu
-Yan Sheng
-Xu Chunyang
+azroy
+Cui Yang
+DaYangtuo247
+Danny
+Derek
+Divenire
+Frankie
+Github1977
+Guiying Li
+重劍無鋒
+HighScorePlayer
+Huntout Zhang
+Jack
+Jack.A.Black
+Jelly
 Xonline-Tech
-Xiaodong DENG
-XBG
-Wingrez
-Na Meng
-T-TRz879
-SunX
-Spaghetti-C
-RoachZhao
-Azolla
-SevenSteven
-SMVirus
-殇
-Rocher
-Robigus
-Rining Wu
+Xu Chunyang
+Yan Sheng
+Yunbin Liu
+0Knot (0KN)
+One Person’s Revelry
+amit794
+Ashine
+azureology
+bell
+bestlaw66
+brinkqiang
+c2ch
+chaofan
+Forever121
+cxalc
 Ray Yee
-Q.Ben Zheng
+Rining Wu
+Robigus
+Rocher
+殇
+SMVirus
+SevenSteven
+Azolla
+RoachZhao
+Spaghetti-C
+SunX
+T-TRz879
+Na Meng
+Wingrez
+XBG
+Xiaodong DENG
   
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From 6f32e1e9ee44886a06198fda0ac5f44445bb9c66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 17:18:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1035/1052] feat: add getcap. fix #644

---
 command/getcap.md | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 command/getcap.md

diff --git a/command/getcap.md b/command/getcap.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f57f464b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command/getcap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+getcap
+===
+
+显示文件的能力（capabilities）
+
+## 补充说明
+
+**getcap命令** 用于查看文件的能力（capabilities）。在 Linux 中，文件的能力是一种权限控制机制，可以赋予普通文件特定的特权操作，而无需完全的 root 权限。
+
+### 语法
+
+```shell
+getcap [选项] [文件名...]
+```
+
+### 选项
+
+```shell
+-v      # 显示详细信息，通常与其他选项一起使用。
+-p      # 显示进程的能力。
+```
+
+### 参数
+
+文件名：指定要查看能力的文件路径。
+
+### 实例
+
+查看一个可执行文件的能力：
+
+```shell
+$ getcap /usr/bin/ping
+/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep
+```
+
+查看当前目录下所有文件的能力：
+
+```shell
+$ getcap *
+/usr/bin/ping = cap_net_raw+ep
+```
+
+如果文件没有设置任何能力，getcap 不会返回任何输出。
+
+查看进程的能力（以 PID 为例）：
+
+```shell
+$ getcap -p 1234
+```
\ No newline at end of file

From 7fb73de0106266a8c64a8b9499791641a0e1c919 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 09:19:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1036/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3af46b03dee..932a97c0417 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -357,11 +357,11 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 zyimm
-0x_000
 dayday
 Deny
 dongpohezui
 ecjtusbs
+focksor
 gang.yang
 gedune
 geekeryy
@@ -407,6 +407,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+0x_000
 Nexchard
 Karl Horky
 LaudOak

From 3bf5e616dc0119b8ec1ddc57ce207b7331d582a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 09:19:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1037/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index a17485db3d2..2b4e642496a 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@
 noodles2hg
 nsnans
 zyimm
-0x_000
 dayday
 Deny
 dongpohezui
 ecjtusbs
+focksor
 gang.yang
 gedune
 geekeryy
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@
 zodiac
 zoomdong
 zuixin369
+0x_000
 Nexchard
 Karl Horky
 LaudOak

From fbf2cdd86d1f0e624fb85a32c77adbec2939993d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 17:23:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1038/1052] ci: remove .github/workflows/sync.yml #554

---
 .github/workflows/sync.yml | 40 --------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 40 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .github/workflows/sync.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync.yml b/.github/workflows/sync.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index df5a9fa39eb..00000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/sync.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-name: Upstream Sync
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * *" # every day
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  sync_latest_from_upstream:
-    name: Sync latest commits from upstream repo
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ github.event.repository.fork }}
-
-    steps:
-      # Step 1: run a standard checkout action
-      - name: Checkout target repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      # Step 2: run the sync action
-      - name: Sync upstream changes
-        id: sync
-        uses: aormsby/Fork-Sync-With-Upstream-action@v3.4
-        with:
-          upstream_sync_repo: jaywcjlove/linux-command
-          upstream_sync_branch: master
-          target_sync_branch: master
-          target_repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # automatically generated, no need to set
-
-          # Set test_mode true to run tests instead of the true action!!
-          test_mode: false
-
-      - name: Sync check
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          echo "[Error] 由于上游仓库的 workflow 文件变更，导致 GitHub 自动暂停了本次自动更新，你需要手动 Sync Fork 一次。"
-          echo "[Error] Due to a change in the workflow file of the upstream repository, GitHub has automatically suspended the scheduled automatic update. You need to manually sync your fork."
-          exit 1

From 81f8eef8bfcc0e431e52fd6597b9f581bd240810 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 12 May 2025 18:36:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1039/1052] doc: update README.md

---
 README.md | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 932a97c0417..44d59e327b7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -15,6 +15,36 @@
 
 当前仓库搜集了 600 多个 Linux 命令，是一个非盈利性的仓库，生成了一个 web 网站方便使用，目前网站没有任何广告，内容包含 Linux 命令手册、详解、学习，内容来自网络和网友的补充，非常值得收藏的 Linux 命令速查手册。版权归属原作者，对任何法律问题及风险不承担任何责任，没有任何商业目的，如果认为侵犯了您的版权，请来信告知。我不能完全保证内容的正确性。通过使用本站内容带来的风险与我无关。当使用本站时，代表您已接受了本站的使用条款和隐私条款。
 
+## 赞助支持
+
+非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们！如果您认可我的工作，欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表：
+
+

+  Musicer
+  Audioer
+  FileSentinel
+  FocusCursor
+  Videoer
+  KeyClicker
+  DayBar
+  Iconed
+  RightMenu Master
+  Paste Quick
+  Quick RSS
+  Web Serve
+  Copybook Generator
+  DevTutor for SwiftUI
+  RegexMate
+  Time Passage
+  Iconize Folder
+  Textsound Saver
+  Create Custom Symbols
+  DevHub
+  Resume Revise
+  Palette Genius
+  Symbol Scribe
+

+
 ## Web 版本
 
 [Github Web](http://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/) | [Gitee Web](http://jaywcjlove.gitee.io/linux-command/) | [Githack](https://raw.githack.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html) | [Statically](https://cdn.statically.io/gh/jaywcjlove/linux-command/gh-pages/index.html)

From e8a04497f65e328a8b7fee8b496a99f35d73d18a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 12 May 2025 18:37:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1040/1052] doc: update README.md

---
 README.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 44d59e327b7..4570c99799f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,29 +20,29 @@
 非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们！如果您认可我的工作，欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表：
 
 

-  Musicer
-  Audioer
-  FileSentinel
-  FocusCursor
-  Videoer
-  KeyClicker
-  DayBar
-  Iconed
-  RightMenu Master
-  Paste Quick
-  Quick RSS
-  Web Serve
-  Copybook Generator
-  DevTutor for SwiftUI
-  RegexMate
-  Time Passage
-  Iconize Folder
-  Textsound Saver
-  Create Custom Symbols
-  DevHub
-  Resume Revise
-  Palette Genius
-  Symbol Scribe
+  Musicer
+  Audioer
+  FileSentinel
+  FocusCursor
+  Videoer
+  KeyClicker
+  DayBar
+  Iconed
+  RightMenu Master
+  Quick RSS
+  Quick RSS
+  Web Serve
+  Copybook Generator
+  DevTutor for SwiftUI
+  RegexMate
+  Time Passage
+  Iconize Folder
+  Textsound Saver
+  Create Custom Symbols
+  DevHub
+  Resume Revise
+  Palette Genius
+  Symbol Scribe
 

 
 ## Web 版本

From 35bfec9b1a00385ae0a3a6fec0db4e7d8234d31a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 13 May 2025 01:22:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1041/1052] ci: update workflows config.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 7091845dbb4..c8dcecc907c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-modify-file-content@main
         with:
           path: README.md
+          trim_whitespace: false
           openDelimiter: ''
           closeDelimiter: ''
           body: |
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-modify-file-content@main
         with:
           path: template/contributors.ejs
+          trim_whitespace: false
           openDelimiter: ''
           closeDelimiter: ''
           body: |

From 02dbba48985bf6a4a0b6b4b89ffea78c127c9dfd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 12 May 2025 17:23:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1042/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 4570c99799f..d47a2a8ec75 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -323,7 +323,8 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 
 一如既往，感谢我们出色的贡献者！
 
-小弟调调
+
+小弟调调
 ZhuangZhu-74
 Mend Renovate
 Huck Huang
@@ -501,7 +502,10 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 Na Meng
 Wingrez
 XBG
-Xiaodong DENG
+Xiaodong DENG
+
+
+
 
 贡献者列表，由 [contributors](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors) 自动生成
 

From bcea27fe4059ecdb78e8e43f2100572bfe9f7a9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Mon, 12 May 2025 17:23:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1043/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 2b4e642496a..81cce14e78f 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 

   
贡献者列表

   

-    小弟调调
+    
+小弟调调
 ZhuangZhu-74
 Mend Renovate
 Huck Huang
@@ -181,7 +182,10 @@
 Na Meng
 Wingrez
 XBG
-Xiaodong DENG
+Xiaodong DENG
+
+
+
   

   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。

From b86b82ed615beb92b14a635fc5e0848fa72cffd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?=
 
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2025 19:04:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1044/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d47a2a8ec75..eccb6b37e1b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们！如果您认可我的工作，欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表：
 
 

+  Mousio
   Musicer
   Audioer
   FileSentinel

From 6197d862da03dcefcd4776977d8d74ff4f3bbf14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?=
 
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2025 08:53:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1045/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index eccb6b37e1b..2f19376201c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们！如果您认可我的工作，欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表：
 
 

+  Mousio Hint
   Mousio
   Musicer
   Audioer

From 22f1caf16d8b2f65569271ec4e28c5783eebccb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2025 09:20:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1046/1052] website: update contributors.

---
 README.md                  |  4 ++--
 dist/data.json             | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 dist/data.min.json         |  2 +-
 template/contributors.ejs  | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 template/styl/index.styl   | 11 +++++++++++
 template/widget/footer.ejs |  3 +++
 6 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2f19376201c..cd890c74514 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/), [`renye.net`](https://renye.net/), [`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/), [`linux.jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
+[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/)，[`renye.net`](https://renye.net/)，[`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)，[`linux.jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 
-[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)，[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/), [`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/)
+[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)，[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/)，[`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/)
 
 ## 其它版本
 
diff --git a/dist/data.json b/dist/data.json
index 75eae0c05a3..ace6fad37f7 100644
--- a/dist/data.json
+++ b/dist/data.json
@@ -869,6 +869,11 @@
     "p": "/get_module",
     "d": "获取Linux内核模块的详细信息"
   },
+  "getcap": {
+    "n": "getcap",
+    "p": "/getcap",
+    "d": "显示文件的能力（capabilities）"
+  },
   "getenforce": {
     "n": "getenforce",
     "p": "/getenforce",
@@ -879,6 +884,11 @@
     "p": "/getent",
     "d": "查询 DNS 名称服务器中的命名空间"
   },
+  "getfacl": {
+    "n": "getfacl",
+    "p": "/getfacl",
+    "d": "获取文件访问控制列表(access control lists)"
+  },
   "getsebool": {
     "n": "getsebool",
     "p": "/getsebool",
@@ -1132,7 +1142,7 @@
   "iostat": {
     "n": "iostat",
     "p": "/iostat",
-    "d": "iostat命令被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。"
+    "d": "监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况"
   },
   "iotop": {
     "n": "iotop",
@@ -1779,6 +1789,11 @@
     "p": "/nslookup",
     "d": "查询域名DNS信息的工具"
   },
+  "nstat": {
+    "n": "nstat",
+    "p": "/nstat",
+    "d": "nstat 是一个简单的监视内核的 SNMP 计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。"
+  },
   "ntpdate": {
     "n": "ntpdate",
     "p": "/ntpdate",
@@ -2689,6 +2704,11 @@
     "p": "/type",
     "d": "显示指定命令的类型。"
   },
+  "ufw": {
+    "n": "ufw",
+    "p": "/ufw",
+    "d": "  ubuntu防火墙管理工具"
+  },
   "ulimit": {
     "n": "ulimit",
     "p": "/ulimit",
diff --git a/dist/data.min.json b/dist/data.min.json
index cb420adfeff..c184790cee2 100644
--- a/dist/data.min.json
+++ b/dist/data.min.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"7z":{"n":"7z","p":"/7z","d":"拥有极高压缩比的开源压缩软件。"},"ab":{"n":"ab","p":"/ab","d":"Apache服务器的性能测试工具"},"accept":{"n":"accept","p":"/accept","d":"指示打印系统接受发往指定目标打印机的打印任务"},"ack":{"n":"ack","p":"/ack","d":"比grep好用的文本搜索工具"},"ag":{"n":"ag","p":"/ag","d":"ack 的升级版，C语言编写，更快更人性化"},"alias":{"n":"alias","p":"/alias","d":"定义或显示别名。"},"apachectl":{"n":"apachectl","p":"/apachectl","d":"Apache服务器前端控制工具"},"apk":{"n":"apk","p":"/apk","d":"Alpine Linux 下的包管理工具"},"apropos":{"n":"apropos","p":"/apropos","d":"在 whatis 数据库中查找字符串"},"apt-get":{"n":"apt-get","p":"/apt-get","d":"Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具"},"apt-key":{"n":"apt-key","p":"/apt-key","d":"管理Debian Linux系统中的软件包密钥"},"apt-sortpkgs":{"n":"apt-sortpkgs","p":"/apt-sortpkgs","d":"Debian Linux下对软件包索引文件进行排序的工具"},"aptitude":{"n":"aptitude","p":"/aptitude","d":"Debian Linux系统中软件包管理工具"},"ar":{"n":"ar","p":"/ar","d":"建立或修改备存文件，或是从备存文件中抽取文件"},"arch":{"n":"arch","p":"/arch","d":"显示当前主机的硬件架构类型"},"arj":{"n":"arj","p":"/arj","d":"用于创建和管理.arj压缩包"},"arp":{"n":"arp","p":"/arp","d":"arp 命令用于显示和修改 IP 到 MAC 转换表"},"arpd":{"n":"arpd","p":"/arpd","d":"收集免费ARP信息"},"arping":{"n":"arping","p":"/arping","d":"通过发送ARP协议报文测试网络"},"arptables":{"n":"arptables","p":"/arptables","d":"管理ARP包过滤规则表"},"arpwatch":{"n":"arpwatch","p":"/arpwatch","d":"监听网络上ARP的记录"},"as":{"n":"as","p":"/as","d":"汇编语言编译器"},"at":{"n":"at","p":"/at","d":"在指定时间执行一个任务"},"atop":{"n":"atop","p":"/atop","d":"监控Linux系统资源与进程的工具"},"atq":{"n":"atq","p":"/atq","d":"列出当前用户的at任务列表"},"atrm":{"n":"atrm","p":"/atrm","d":"删除待执行任务队列中的指定任务"},"awk":{"n":"awk","p":"/awk","d":"文本和数据进行处理的编程语言"},"axel":{"n":"axel","p":"/axel","d":"多线程下载工具"},"badblocks":{"n":"badblocks","p":"/badblocks","d":"查找磁盘中损坏的区块"},"base64":{"n":"base64","p":"/base64","d":"base64 编码/解码文件或标准输入输出"},"basename":{"n":"basename","p":"/basename","d":"打印目录或者文件的基本名称"},"batch":{"n":"batch","p":"/batch","d":"在系统不繁忙的时候执行定时任务"},"bc":{"n":"bc","p":"/bc","d":"算术操作精密运算工具"},"bg":{"n":"bg","p":"/bg","d":"将前台终端作业移动到后台运行"},"bind":{"n":"bind","p":"/bind","d":"显示或设置键盘按键与其相关的功能"},"blkid":{"n":"blkid","p":"/blkid","d":"查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息"},"blockdev":{"n":"blockdev","p":"/blockdev","d":"从命令行调用区块设备控制程序"},"bmodinfo":{"n":"bmodinfo","p":"/bmodinfo","d":"显示给定模块的详细信息"},"break":{"n":"break","p":"/break","d":"结束for，while或until循环。"},"builtin":{"n":"builtin","p":"/builtin","d":"执行bash内建命令。"},"bunzip2":{"n":"bunzip2","p":"/bunzip2","d":"可解压缩.bz2格式的压缩文件。 "},"bye":{"n":"bye","p":"/bye","d":"命令用于中断FTP连线并结束程序"},"bzcat":{"n":"bzcat","p":"/bzcat","d":"不解压，直接查看指定的.bz2文件"},"bzcmp":{"n":"bzcmp","p":"/bzcmp","d":"比较两个压缩包中的文件"},"bzdiff":{"n":"bzdiff","p":"/bzdiff","d":"直接比较两个.bz2压缩包中文件的不同"},"bzgrep":{"n":"bzgrep","p":"/bzgrep","d":"使用正则表达式搜索.bz2压缩包中文件"},"bzip2":{"n":"bzip2","p":"/bzip2","d":"将文件压缩成bz2格式"},"bzip2recover":{"n":"bzip2recover","p":"/bzip2recover","d":"恢复被破坏的.bz2压缩包中的文件"},"bzless":{"n":"bzless","p":"/bzless","d":"增强.bz2压缩包查看器"},"bzmore":{"n":"bzmore","p":"/bzmore","d":"查看bzip2压缩过的文本文件的内容"},"cal":{"n":"cal","p":"/cal","d":"显示当前日历或指定日期的日历"},"cancel":{"n":"cancel","p":"/cancel","d":"取消已存在的打印任务"},"cat":{"n":"cat","p":"/cat","d":"连接多个文件并打印到标准输出。"},"cd":{"n":"cd","p":"/cd","d":"切换用户当前工作目录。"},"cdrecord":{"n":"cdrecord","p":"/cdrecord","d":"Linux系统下光盘刻录功能命令"},"chage":{"n":"chage","p":"/chage","d":"修改帐号和密码的有效期限"},"chattr":{"n":"chattr","p":"/chattr","d":"用来改变文件属性"},"chcon":{"n":"chcon","p":"/chcon","d":"修改对象（文件）的安全上下文"},"chfn":{"n":"chfn","p":"/chfn","d":"用来改变finger命令显示的信息"},"chgrp":{"n":"chgrp","p":"/chgrp","d":"用来变更文件或目录的所属群组"},"chkconfig":{"n":"chkconfig","p":"/chkconfig","d":"检查或设置系统的各种服务"},"chmod":{"n":"chmod","p":"/chmod","d":"用来变更文件或目录的权限"},"chown":{"n":"chown","p":"/chown","d":"用来变更文件或目录的拥有者或所属群组"},"chpasswd":{"n":"chpasswd","p":"/chpasswd","d":"批量更新用户口令的工具"},"chroot":{"n":"chroot","p":"/chroot","d":"把根目录换成指定的目的目录"},"chsh":{"n":"chsh","p":"/chsh","d":"用来更换登录系统时使用的shell"},"cksum":{"n":"cksum","p":"/cksum","d":"检查文件的CRC是否正确"},"clear":{"n":"clear","p":"/clear","d":"清除当前屏幕终端上的任何信息"},"clock":{"n":"clock","p":"/clock","d":"用于调整 RTC 时间"},"clockdiff":{"n":"clockdiff","p":"/clockdiff","d":"检测两台linux主机的时间差"},"cmp":{"n":"cmp","p":"/cmp","d":"比较两个文件是否有差异"},"col":{"n":"col","p":"/col","d":"过滤控制字符"},"colrm":{"n":"colrm","p":"/colrm","d":"删除文件中的指定列"},"column":{"n":"column","p":"/column","d":"按列格式化输出文件"},"comm":{"n":"comm","p":"/comm","d":"按行比较两个已排序的文件。"},"command":{"n":"command","p":"/command","d":"调用并执行指定的命令"},"compress":{"n":"compress","p":"/compress","d":"使用Lempress-Ziv编码压缩数据文件"},"consoletype":{"n":"consoletype","p":"/consoletype","d":"输出已连接的终端类型"},"continue":{"n":"continue","p":"/continue","d":"结束本次循环，继续执行下一个for，while或until循环。"},"convertquota":{"n":"convertquota","p":"/convertquota","d":"把老的配额文件转换为新的格式"},"cp":{"n":"cp","p":"/cp","d":"将源文件或目录复制到目标文件或目录中"},"cpio":{"n":"cpio","p":"/cpio","d":"用来建立、还原备份档的工具程序"},"createrepo":{"n":"createrepo","p":"/createrepo","d":"创建YUM仓库"},"crontab":{"n":"crontab","p":"/crontab","d":"提交和管理用户的需要周期性执行的任务"},"csplit":{"n":"csplit","p":"/csplit","d":"将一个大文件分割成小的碎片文件"},"cu":{"n":"cu","p":"/cu","d":"用于连接另一个系统主机"},"cupsdisable":{"n":"cupsdisable","p":"/cupsdisable","d":"停止指定的打印机"},"cupsenable":{"n":"cupsenable","p":"/cupsenable","d":"启动指定的打印机"},"curl":{"n":"curl","p":"/curl","d":"利用URL规则在命令行下工作的文件传输工具"},"cut":{"n":"cut","p":"/cut","d":"连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上"},"date":{"n":"date","p":"/date","d":"显示或设置系统时间与日期"},"dc":{"n":"dc","p":"/dc","d":"任意精度计算器"},"dd":{"n":"dd","p":"/dd","d":"复制文件并对原文件的内容进行转换和格式化处理"},"declare":{"n":"declare","p":"/declare","d":"声明变量，设置或显示变量的值和属性。"},"depmod":{"n":"depmod","p":"/depmod","d":"分析可载入模块的相依性"},"df":{"n":"df","p":"/df","d":"显示磁盘的相关信息"},"dhclient":{"n":"dhclient","p":"/dhclient","d":"动态获取或释放IP地址"},"dhcpd":{"n":"dhcpd","p":"/dhcpd","d":"运行DHCP服务器"},"dhcrelay":{"n":"dhcrelay","p":"/dhcrelay","d":"使用dhcrelay命令可以提供中继DHCP和BOOTP请求"},"diff":{"n":"diff","p":"/diff","d":"比较给定的两个文件的不同"},"diff3":{"n":"diff3","p":"/diff3","d":"比较3个文件不同的地方"},"diffstat":{"n":"diffstat","p":"/diffstat","d":"显示diff命令输出信息的柱状图"},"dig":{"n":"dig","p":"/dig","d":"域名查询工具"},"dircolors":{"n":"dircolors","p":"/dircolors","d":"置ls命令在显示目录或文件时所用的色彩"},"dirname":{"n":"dirname","p":"/dirname","d":"去除文件名中的非目录部分"},"dirs":{"n":"dirs","p":"/dirs","d":"显示目录堆栈。"},"disown":{"n":"disown","p":"/disown","d":"从当前的shell中移除作业。"},"dmesg":{"n":"dmesg","p":"/dmesg","d":"显示Linux系统启动信息"},"dmidecode":{"n":"dmidecode","p":"/dmidecode","d":"在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息"},"dnf":{"n":"dnf","p":"/dnf","d":"新一代的RPM软件包管理器"},"dnsdomainname":{"n":"dnsdomainname","p":"/dnsdomainname","d":"定义DNS系统中FQDN名称的域名"},"docker":{"n":"docker","p":"/docker","d":"容器化技术，可以将应用程序及其依赖项打包到一个可移植的容器中，使其可以在不同的环境中运行"},"domainname":{"n":"domainname","p":"/domainname","d":"显示和设置系统的NIS域名"},"dos2unix":{"n":"dos2unix","p":"/dos2unix","d":"将DOS格式文本文件转换成Unix格式"},"dpkg-deb":{"n":"dpkg-deb","p":"/dpkg-deb","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包管理工具"},"dpkg-divert":{"n":"dpkg-divert","p":"/dpkg-divert","d":"Debian Linux中创建并管理一个转向列表"},"dpkg-preconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-preconfigure","p":"/dpkg-preconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中软件包安装之前询问问题"},"dpkg-query":{"n":"dpkg-query","p":"/dpkg-query","d":"Debian Linux中软件包的查询工具"},"dpkg-reconfigure":{"n":"dpkg-reconfigure","p":"/dpkg-reconfigure","d":"Debian Linux中重新配制一个已经安装的软件包"},"dpkg-split":{"n":"dpkg-split","p":"/dpkg-split","d":"Debian Linux中将大软件包分割成小包"},"dpkg-statoverride":{"n":"dpkg-statoverride","p":"/dpkg-statoverride","d":"Debian Linux中覆盖文件的所有权和模式"},"dpkg-trigger":{"n":"dpkg-trigger","p":"/dpkg-trigger","d":"Debian Linux下的软件包触发器"},"dpkg":{"n":"dpkg","p":"/dpkg","d":"Debian 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Technology，自动检测分析及报告技术）技术来实现的"},"smbclient":{"n":"smbclient","p":"/smbclient","d":"交互方式访问samba服务器"},"smbpasswd":{"n":"smbpasswd","p":"/smbpasswd","d":"samba用户和密码管理工具"},"sort":{"n":"sort","p":"/sort","d":"对文本文件中所有行进行排序。"},"source":{"n":"source","p":"/source","d":"在当前Shell环境中从指定文件读取和执行命令。"},"speedtest-cli":{"n":"speedtest-cli","p":"/speedtest-cli","d":"命令行下测试服务器外网速度"},"spell":{"n":"spell","p":"/spell","d":"对文件进行拼写检查"},"split":{"n":"split","p":"/split","d":"分割任意大小的文件"},"squid":{"n":"squid","p":"/squid","d":"squid服务器守护进程"},"squidclient":{"n":"squidclient","p":"/squidclient","d":"squid服务器的客户端管理工具"},"ss":{"n":"ss","p":"/ss","d":"比 netstat 好用的socket统计信息，iproute2 包附带的另一个工具，允许你查询 socket 的有关统计信息"},"ssh-add":{"n":"ssh-add","p":"/ssh-add","d":"把专用密钥添加到ssh-agent的高速缓存中"},"ssh-agent":{"n":"ssh-agent","p":"/ssh-agent","d":"ssh密钥管理器"},"ssh-copy-id":{"n":"ssh-copy-id","p":"/ssh-copy-id","d":"把本地的ssh公钥文件安装到远程主机对应的账户下"},"ssh-keygen":{"n":"ssh-keygen","p":"/ssh-keygen","d":"为ssh生成、管理和转换认证密钥"},"ssh-keyscan":{"n":"ssh-keyscan","p":"/ssh-keyscan","d":"收集主机公钥的使用工具"},"ssh":{"n":"ssh","p":"/ssh","d":"openssh套件中的客户端连接工具"},"sshd":{"n":"sshd","p":"/sshd","d":"openssh软件套件中的服务器守护进程"},"sshpass":{"n":"sshpass","p":"/sshpass","d":"免交互 SSH 登录工具。"},"startx":{"n":"startx","p":"/startx","d":"用来启动X Window"},"stat":{"n":"stat","p":"/stat","d":"用于显示文件的状态信息"},"strace":{"n":"strace","p":"/strace","d":"跟踪系统调用和信号"},"strings":{"n":"strings","p":"/strings","d":"在对象文件或二进制文件中查找可打印的字符串"},"stty":{"n":"stty","p":"/stty","d":"修改终端命令行的相关设置"},"su":{"n":"su","p":"/su","d":"用于切换当前用户身份到其他用户身份"},"sudo":{"n":"sudo","p":"/sudo","d":"以其他身份来执行命令"},"sum":{"n":"sum","p":"/sum","d":"计算文件的校验码和显示块数"},"supervisord":{"n":"supervisord","p":"/supervisord","d":"配置后台服务/常驻进程的进程管家工具"},"suspend":{"n":"suspend","p":"/suspend","d":"挂起shell的执行。"},"swapoff":{"n":"swapoff","p":"/swapoff","d":"关闭指定的交换空间"},"swapon":{"n":"swapon","p":"/swapon","d":"激活Linux系统中交换空间"},"sync":{"n":"sync","p":"/sync","d":"用于强制被改变的内容立刻写入磁盘"},"sysctl":{"n":"sysctl","p":"/sysctl","d":"时动态地修改内核的运行参数"},"syslog":{"n":"syslog","p":"/syslog","d":"系统默认的日志守护进程"},"systemctl":{"n":"systemctl","p":"/systemctl","d":"系统服务管理器指令"},"systool":{"n":"systool","p":"/systool","d":"显示基于总线、类和拓扑显示系统中设备的信息"},"tac":{"n":"tac","p":"/tac","d":"连接多个文件并以行为单位反向打印到标准输出。"},"tail":{"n":"tail","p":"/tail","d":"在屏幕上显示指定文件的末尾若干行"},"tailf":{"n":"tailf","p":"/tailf","d":"在屏幕上显示指定文件的末尾若干行内容，通常用于日志文件的跟踪输出"},"talk":{"n":"talk","p":"/talk","d":"让用户和其他用户聊天"},"tar":{"n":"tar","p":"/tar","d":"将许多文件一起保存至一个单独的磁带或磁盘归档，并能从归档中单独还原所需文件。"},"tcpdump":{"n":"tcpdump","p":"/tcpdump","d":"一款sniffer工具，是Linux上的抓包工具，嗅探器"},"tcpreplay":{"n":"tcpreplay","p":"/tcpreplay","d":"将保存在 PCAP 文件包重新发送，用于性能或者功能测试"},"tee":{"n":"tee","p":"/tee","d":"从标准输入读取数据并重定向到标准输出和文件。"},"telinit":{"n":"telinit","p":"/telinit","d":"切换当前正在运行系统的运行等级"},"telnet":{"n":"telnet","p":"/telnet","d":"登录远程主机和管理(测试ip端口是否连通)"},"tempfile":{"n":"tempfile","p":"/tempfile","d":"shell中给临时文件命名"},"test":{"n":"test","p":"/test","d":"执行条件表达式。"},"tftp":{"n":"tftp","p":"/tftp","d":"在本机和tftp服务器之间使用TFTP协议传输文件"},"time":{"n":"time","p":"/time","d":"统计给定命令所花费的总时间"},"timedatectl":{"n":"timedatectl","p":"/timedatectl","d":"用于在 Linux 中设置或查询系统时间、日期和时区等配置。"},"times":{"n":"times","p":"/times","d":"显示进程累计时间。"},"tload":{"n":"tload","p":"/tload","d":"显示系统负载状况"},"tmux":{"n":"tmux","p":"/tmux","d":"Tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件，类似GNU Screen，但来自于OpenBSD，采用BSD授权"},"top":{"n":"top","p":"/top","d":"显示或管理执行中的程序"},"touch":{"n":"touch","p":"/touch","d":"创建新的空文件"},"tput":{"n":"tput","p":"/tput","d":"通过terminfo数据库对终端会话进行初始化和操作"},"tr":{"n":"tr","p":"/tr","d":"将字符进行替换压缩和删除"},"tracepath":{"n":"tracepath","p":"/tracepath","d":"追踪目的主机经过的路由信息"},"traceroute":{"n":"traceroute","p":"/traceroute","d":"显示数据包到主机间的路径"},"trap":{"n":"trap","p":"/trap","d":"捕捉信号和其他事件并执行命令。"},"tree":{"n":"tree","p":"/tree","d":"树状图列出目录的内容"},"true":{"n":"true","p":"/true","d":"返回状态为成功。"},"tty":{"n":"tty","p":"/tty","d":"显示连接到当前标准输入的终端设备文件名"},"type":{"n":"type","p":"/type","d":"显示指定命令的类型。"},"ufw":{"n":"ufw","p":"/ufw","d":"  ubuntu防火墙管理工具"},"ulimit":{"n":"ulimit","p":"/ulimit","d":"控制shell程序的资源"},"umask":{"n":"umask","p":"/umask","d":"显示或设置创建文件的权限掩码。"},"umount":{"n":"umount","p":"/umount","d":"用于卸载已经加载的文件系统"},"unalias":{"n":"unalias","p":"/unalias","d":"删除由alias设置的别名"},"uname":{"n":"uname","p":"/uname","d":"打印系统信息。"},"unarj":{"n":"unarj","p":"/unarj","d":"解压缩由arj命令创建的压缩包"},"uncompress":{"n":"uncompress","p":"/uncompress","d":"用来解压.Z文件"},"unexpand":{"n":"unexpand","p":"/unexpand","d":"将文件的空白字符转换为制表符"},"uniq":{"n":"uniq","p":"/uniq","d":"显示或忽略重复的行。"},"unlink":{"n":"unlink","p":"/unlink","d":"系统调用函数unlink去删除指定的文件"},"unprotoize":{"n":"unprotoize","p":"/unprotoize","d":"删除C语言源代码文件中的函数原型"},"unrar":{"n":"unrar","p":"/unrar","d":"解压rar文件命令，从 rar 压缩包中提取文件"},"unset":{"n":"unset","p":"/unset","d":"删除指定的shell变量或函数。"},"unzip":{"n":"unzip","p":"/unzip","d":"用于解压缩由zip命令压缩的压缩包"},"updatedb":{"n":"updatedb","p":"/updatedb","d":"创建或更新slocate命令所必需的数据库文件"},"uptime":{"n":"uptime","p":"/uptime","d":"查看Linux系统负载信息"},"useradd":{"n":"useradd","p":"/useradd","d":"创建的新的系统用户"},"userdel":{"n":"userdel","p":"/userdel","d":"用于删除给定的用户以及与用户相关的文件"},"usermod":{"n":"usermod","p":"/usermod","d":"用于修改用户的基本信息"},"usernetctl":{"n":"usernetctl","p":"/usernetctl","d":"被允许时操作指定的网络接口"},"users":{"n":"users","p":"/users","d":"打印当前主机所有登陆用户的名称。"},"uucico":{"n":"uucico","p":"/uucico","d":"UUCP文件传输服务程序"},"uupick":{"n":"uupick","p":"/uupick","d":"命令处理传送进来的文件"},"uuto":{"n":"uuto","p":"/uuto","d":"将文件传送到远端的UUCP主机"},"vdfuse":{"n":"vdfuse","p":"/vdfuse","d":"VirtualBox软件挂载VDI分区文件工具"},"vgchange":{"n":"vgchange","p":"/vgchange","d":"修改卷组属性"},"vgconvert":{"n":"vgconvert","p":"/vgconvert","d":"转换卷组元数据格式"},"vgcreate":{"n":"vgcreate","p":"/vgcreate","d":"用于创建LVM卷组"},"vgdisplay":{"n":"vgdisplay","p":"/vgdisplay","d":"显示LVM卷组的信息"},"vgextend":{"n":"vgextend","p":"/vgextend","d":"向卷组中添加物理卷"},"vgreduce":{"n":"vgreduce","p":"/vgreduce","d":"从卷组中删除物理卷"},"vgremove":{"n":"vgremove","p":"/vgremove","d":"用于用户删除LVM卷组"},"vgrename":{"n":"vgrename","p":"/vgrename","d":"使用vgrename命令可以重命名卷组的名称"},"vgscan":{"n":"vgscan","p":"/vgscan","d":"扫描并显示系统中的卷组"},"vi":{"n":"vi","p":"/vi","d":"功能强大的纯文本编辑器"},"vmstat":{"n":"vmstat","p":"/vmstat","d":"显示虚拟内存状态"},"volname":{"n":"volname","p":"/volname","d":"显示指定的ISO-9660格式的设备的卷名称"},"w":{"n":"w","p":"/w","d":"显示目前登入系统的用户信息"},"wait":{"n":"wait","p":"/wait","d":"等待进程执行完后返回"},"wall":{"n":"wall","p":"/wall","d":"向系统当前所有打开的终端上输出信息"},"watch":{"n":"watch","p":"/watch","d":"可以将命令的输出结果输出到标准输出设备，多用于周期性执行命令/定时执行命令"},"wc":{"n":"wc","p":"/wc","d":"统计文件的字节数、字数、行数"},"wget":{"n":"wget","p":"/wget","d":"Linux系统下载文件工具"},"whatis":{"n":"whatis","p":"/whatis","d":"查询一个命令执行什么功能"},"whereis":{"n":"whereis","p":"/whereis","d":"查找二进制程序、代码等相关文件路径"},"which":{"n":"which","p":"/which","d":"查找并显示给定命令的绝对路径"},"who":{"n":"who","p":"/who","d":"显示当前所有登陆用户的信息。"},"whoami":{"n":"whoami","p":"/whoami","d":"打印当前有效的用户ID对应的名称"},"write":{"n":"write","p":"/write","d":"向指定登录用户终端上发送信息"},"xargs":{"n":"xargs","p":"/xargs","d":"给其他命令传递参数的一个过滤器"},"xauth":{"n":"xauth","p":"/xauth","d":"显示和编辑被用于连接X服务器的认证信息"},"xclip":{"n":"xclip","p":"/xclip","d":"管理 X 粘贴板"},"xhost":{"n":"xhost","p":"/xhost","d":"制哪些X客户端能够在X服务器上显示"},"xinit":{"n":"xinit","p":"/xinit","d":"是Linux下X-Window系统的初始化程序"},"xlsatoms":{"n":"xlsatoms","p":"/xlsatoms","d":"列出X服务器内部所有定义的原子成分"},"xlsclients":{"n":"xlsclients","p":"/xlsclients","d":"列出显示器中的客户端应用程序"},"xlsfonts":{"n":"xlsfonts","p":"/xlsfonts","d":"列出X Server使用的字体"},"xrandr":{"n":"xrandr","p":"/xrandr","d":"X 窗口系统配置管理工具"},"xset":{"n":"xset","p":"/xset","d":"设置X-Window系统中的用户爱好的实用工具"},"xz":{"n":"xz","p":"/xz","d":"POSIX 平台开发具有高压缩率的工具"},"yes":{"n":"yes","p":"/yes","d":"重复打印指定字符串"},"ypdomainname":{"n":"ypdomainname","p":"/ypdomainname","d":"显示主机的NIS的域名"},"yum":{"n":"yum","p":"/yum","d":"基于RPM的软件包管理器"},"zcat":{"n":"zcat","p":"/zcat","d":"显示压缩包中文件的内容"},"zfore":{"n":"zfore","p":"/zfore","d":"强制为gzip格式的压缩文件添加.gz后缀"},"zip":{"n":"zip","p":"/zip","d":"可以用来解压缩文件"},"zipinfo":{"n":"zipinfo","p":"/zipinfo","d":"用来列出压缩文件信息"},"zipsplit":{"n":"zipsplit","p":"/zipsplit","d":"将较大的zip压缩包分割成各个较小的压缩包"},"znew":{"n":"znew","p":"/znew","d":"将.Z压缩包重新转化为gzip命令压缩的.gz压缩包"}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 81cce14e78f..a911724e970 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -188,8 +188,40 @@
 
   

   

-    数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用action-contributors创建。
+    数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用 action-contributors 创建。
   

+  
镜像网站

+  

+    srebro.cn
+    getaifun.com
+    linux.devonline.net
+    man.zch.ooo
+    linux.mmoke.com
+    bqrdh.com
+    linux.zyimm.com
+    linux.vovuo.com
+    linux.liguiying.cn
+    renye.net
+    diqi.org
+    linux.alistnas.top
+    nenufm.com
+    linux.jiangyang.online
+    linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc
+  

+  
魔改网站

+  

+    linux.ftqq.com
+    linux.gaomeluo.com
+    atoolbox.net
+    xiaoshanseo.com
+    262235.xyz
+    cmsblogs.cn
+    loquy.cn
+    buyao.vip
+    hezhiqiang.gitbook.io
+    utils.fun
+    51tools.info
+  

 
 <%- include('widget/footer',{type: "list"}); %>
 <%- include('partial/footer'); %>
diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index f0cb0b04db5..23d3d0a531d 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -282,6 +282,17 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
   a {
     font-weight: bold;
   }
+  .links {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+  }
+  .links a {
+    background: var(--color-theme-bg);
+    height: 2.1rem;
+    border-radius: 0.3rem;
+    gap: 0.1rem;
+    padding: 0rem 0.5rem 0rem 0.4rem;
+  }
 }
 
 @media mq-mobile {
diff --git a/template/widget/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs
index 966863110a6..3bea7dbaca9 100644
--- a/template/widget/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs
@@ -17,4 +17,7 @@
   
     <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
    个Linux命令，超过 50+ 贡献者
+  

+    推荐自己的镜像网站
+  

 
\ No newline at end of file

From 944ab9c3990617824b447fb49bdeb5d3232dc099 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2025 14:35:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1047/1052] website: udpate contributors page.

---
 template/contributors.ejs  |  2 +-
 template/styl/index.styl   |  3 +++
 template/widget/footer.ejs | 17 ++++++++++-------
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index a911724e970..8f87054b9a8 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
   

     数据来源于 GitHub Contributors，使用 action-contributors 创建。
   

-  
镜像网站

+  
镜像网站

   

     srebro.cn
     getaifun.com
diff --git a/template/styl/index.styl b/template/styl/index.styl
index 23d3d0a531d..5f5acde1a7c 100644
--- a/template/styl/index.styl
+++ b/template/styl/index.styl
@@ -171,6 +171,9 @@ mq-mobile = "screen and (max-width: 479px)"
   &.home {
     border-top 0
   }
+  div {
+    font-size 12px
+  }
 }
 .header.home {
   .header_inner {
diff --git a/template/widget/footer.ejs b/template/widget/footer.ejs
index 3bea7dbaca9..9da12da4d87 100644
--- a/template/widget/footer.ejs
+++ b/template/widget/footer.ejs
@@ -11,13 +11,16 @@
   打赏捐赠 |
   Github |
   短地址：https://git.io/linux
-  

-  收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d
-  
 共搜集到
-  
-    <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
-   个Linux命令，超过 50+ 贡献者
   

-    推荐自己的镜像网站
+    收藏本站请使用 Ctrl+D 或者Command+d
+    

+    共搜集到
+    
+      <%=describe.command_length?describe.command_length:''%>
+     个Linux命令，超过 50+ 贡献者
+  

+  

+    镜像网站列表，
+    推荐自己的镜像网站
   

 

\ No newline at end of file

From c7795cd3fe88cfeae227a9d80f82503de4c8cbe5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2025 14:45:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1048/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cd890c74514..74d73ac6f20 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@
 
 ⚠️ 你们拿过去部署的静态网站，还是希望挂个 GitHub 地址，这样大家共同维护命令文档，让文档更加完善，更加丰富，当然你删除本站所有信息相关信息，其实我也不太在意，默认允许你们随意搞，我不负任何负责。如果您也部署了一份，可以将网址放到下面 :)。
 
+由于中国国内访问，时常打不开，你可以访问下面镜像网站(国内打不开的不再收录)。推荐自己的[镜像网站 #649](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/649)
+
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
 [**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/)，[`renye.net`](https://renye.net/)，[`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)，[`linux.jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@
 - [`@chenjiandongx/how`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/how) Python 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129)，由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供
 - [`@chenjiandongx/pls`](https://github.com/chenjiandongx/pls) Golang 版 [#129](https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/issues/129)，由 [**@陈键冬**](https://github.com/chenjiandongx) 提供
 
-## Docker
+## Docker 部署
 
 [![Docker Image Version (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/docker/v/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) [![Docker Image Size (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command) [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/wcjiang/linux-command?logo=docker)](https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/linux-command)
 
@@ -93,16 +95,12 @@
 
 ```bash
 docker pull wcjiang/linux-command
-# Or
-docker pull ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest
 ```
 
 ```bash
 docker run --name linux-command --rm -d -p 9665:3000 wcjiang/linux-command:latest
 # Or
 docker run --name linux-command -itd -p 9665:3000 wcjiang/linux-command:latest
-# Or
-docker run --name linux-command -itd -p 9665:3000 ghcr.io/jaywcjlove/linux-command:latest
 ```
 
 在浏览器中访问以下 URL

From 3b822160e6e295b8751654541e1e2d5983415212 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?= <398188662@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2025 14:56:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1049/1052] doc: update README.md #649

---
 README.md                 | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 template/contributors.ejs |  1 +
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 74d73ac6f20..21033632848 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -69,11 +69,36 @@
 
 **推荐使用的镜像 web 版本**
 
-[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)，[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)，[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)，[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)，[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)，[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)，[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)，[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)，[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)，[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/)，[`renye.net`](https://renye.net/)，[`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)，[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)，[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)，[`linux.jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
+[**`linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc`**](http://linuxsearch.largeinfo.cc)
+[**`srebro.cn`**](https://linux.srebro.cn/)
+[**`getaifun.com`**](https://getaifun.com/linux)
+[**`linux.devonline.net`**](http://linux.devonline.net/)
+[**`man.zch.ooo`**](https://man.zch.ooo/)
+[**`linux.mmoke.com`**](https://linux.mmoke.com)
+[**`bqrdh.com`**](https://tools.bqrdh.com/linux-command/)
+[**`linux.zyimm.com`**](http://linux.zyimm.com/)
+[**`linux.vovuo.com`**](https://linux.vovuo.com/)
+[`linux.liguiying.cn`](https://linux.liguiying.cn/)
+[`renye.net`](https://renye.net/)
+[`diqi.org`](https://diqi.org/)
+[`linux.alistnas.top`](https://linux.alistnas.top/)
+[`nenufm.com`](https://www.nenufm.com/linux-command/)
+[`linux.jiangyang.online`](https://linux.jiangyang.online/)
 
 **其它 web 版本**
 
-[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)，[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)，[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)，[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)，[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)，[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)，[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)，[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)，[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)，[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/)，[`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/)
+[`lylme.com`](https://linux.lylme.com/)
+[`linux.ftqq.com`](https://linux.ftqq.com/)
+[`linux.gaomeluo.com`](https://linux.gaomeluo.com)
+[`atoolbox.net`](http://www.atoolbox.net/Tool.php?Id=826)
+[`xiaoshanseo.com`](https://tools.xiaoshanseo.com/Tools/linux-command/)
+[`262235.xyz`](https://262235.xyz/linux-command/)
+[`cmsblogs.cn`](https://linux.cmsblogs.cn/)
+[`loquy.cn`](https://www.loquy.cn/linux-command/)
+[`buyao.vip`](https://demo.buyao.vip/linux/)
+[`hezhiqiang.gitbook.io`](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/linux/)
+[`utils.fun`](https://linux.utils.fun/)
+[`51tools.info`](https://51tools.info/linux/)
 
 ## 其它版本
 
diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 8f87054b9a8..95b02b55b4b 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@
   
   
魔改网站

   

+    linux.lylme.com
     linux.ftqq.com
     linux.gaomeluo.com
     atoolbox.net

From a8a0ba31c121209802e19f4a4b4dcc587c0bc5db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=BC=9F=E8=B0=83=E8=B0=83?=
 
Date: Wed, 25 Jun 2025 02:38:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1050/1052] doc: Update README.md

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 21033632848..e87c446592f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 非常感谢一直以来支持我开源项目的朋友们！如果您认可我的工作，欢迎通过 [赞助](https://wangchujiang.com/#/sponsor) 我或下载并使用我开发的 [macOS 应用](https://wangchujiang.com/#/app) 来支持我。以下是我个人独立开发的 macOS 应用列表：
 
 

+  Vidwall
   Mousio Hint
   Mousio
   Musicer

From 22b9eb69d05afb6d75cb8d9062335d91a9f6885f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 24 Jun 2025 18:38:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1051/1052] doc: update README.md.

---
 README.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e87c446592f..657615edf87 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ Adobe软件的最佳替代品 [原文在这里](https://linux.cn/article-8928-1.
 MinsonLee
 Mystic
 Q.Ben Zheng
-Alan
+PanHeng
 azroy
 Cui Yang
 DaYangtuo247

From 69550d1f97a7f0602ff1a85e8f202b628df31c13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" 
Date: Tue, 24 Jun 2025 18:38:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1052/1052] doc: update template/contributors.ejs.

---
 template/contributors.ejs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/template/contributors.ejs b/template/contributors.ejs
index 95b02b55b4b..0d6ad81808d 100644
--- a/template/contributors.ejs
+++ b/template/contributors.ejs
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 MinsonLee
 Mystic
 Q.Ben Zheng
-Alan
+PanHeng
 azroy
 Cui Yang
 DaYangtuo247