<p>Determine architecture name for current machine.</p>

<p>The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC

3548. When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition

to the bytes of the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage

<p>Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files 'xx00', 'xx01', ..., and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.</p>

<p>Each call must specify a mode (what to use for columns),

a sequence (which columns to print), and provide a data source</p>

<p>Specifying a mode</p>

<pre><code>Use --bytes (-b) or --characters (-c) to specify byte mode

Use --fields (-f) to specify field mode, where each line is broken into

fields identified by a delimiter character. For example for a typical CSV

you could use this in combination with setting comma as the delimiter

<p>Specifying a sequence</p>

<pre><code>A sequence is a group of 1 or more numbers or inclusive ranges separated

by a commas.

cut -f 2,5-7 some_file.txt

will display the 2nd, 5th, 6th, and 7th field for each source line

Ranges can extend to the end of the row by excluding the the second number

cut -f 3- some_file.txt

will display the 3rd field and all fields after for each source line

The first number of a range can be excluded, and this is effectively the

same as using 1 as the first number: it causes the range to begin at the

first column. Ranges can also display a single column

cut -f 1,3-5 some_file.txt

will display the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th field for each source line

The --complement option, when used, inverts the effect of the sequence

cut --complement -f 4-6 some_file.txt

will display the every field but the 4th, 5th, and 6th

<p>Specifying a data source</p>

<pre><code>If no sourcefile arguments are specified, stdin is used as the source of

lines to print

If sourcefile arguments are specified, stdin is ignored and all files are

read in consecutively if a sourcefile is not successfully read, a warning

will print to stderr, and the eventual status code will be 1, but cut

will continue to read through proceeding sourcefiles

To print columns from both STDIN and a file argument, use - (dash) as a

sourcefile argument to represent stdin.

<p>Field Mode options</p>

<pre><code>The fields in each line are identified by a delimiter (separator)

Set the delimiter

Set the delimiter which separates fields in the file using the

--delimiter (-d) option. Setting the delimiter is optional.

If not set, a default delimiter of Tab will be used.

Optionally Filter based on delimiter

If the --only-delimited (-s) flag is provided, only lines which

contain the delimiter will be printed

Replace the delimiter

If the --output-delimiter option is provided, the argument used for

it will replace the delimiter character in each line printed. This is

useful for transforming tabular data - e.g. to convert a CSV to a

TSV (tab-separated file)

<p>Line endings</p>

<pre><code>When the --zero-terminated (-z) option is used, cut sees \0 (null) as the

'line ending' character (both for the purposes of reading lines and

separating printed lines) instead of \n (newline). This is useful for

tabular data where some of the cells may contain newlines

echo 'ab\0cd' | cut -z -c 1

will result in 'a\0c\0'

<p>OPERANDS:</p>

<pre><code>bs=BYTES read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512);

overwrites ibs and obs.

cbs=BYTES the 'conversion block size' in bytes. Applies to

the conv=block, and conv=unblock operations.

conv=CONVS a comma-separated list of conversion options or

(for legacy reasons) file flags.

count=N stop reading input after N ibs-sized read operations rather

than proceeding until EOF. See iflag=count_bytes if stopping

after N bytes is preferred

ibs=N the size of buffer used for reads (default: 512)

if=FILE the file used for input. When not specified, stdin is used instead

iflag=FLAGS a comma-separated list of input flags which specify how the input

source is treated. FLAGS may be any of the input-flags or

general-flags specified below.

skip=N (or iseek=N) skip N ibs-sized records into input before beginning

copy/convert operations. See iflag=seek_bytes if seeking N bytes

is preferred.

obs=N the size of buffer used for writes (default: 512)

of=FILE the file used for output. When not specified, stdout is used

instead

oflag=FLAGS comma separated list of output flags which specify how the output

source is treated. FLAGS may be any of the output flags or

general flags specified below

seek=N (or oseek=N) seeks N obs-sized records into output before

beginning copy/convert operations. See oflag=seek_bytes if

seeking N bytes is preferred

status=LEVEL controls whether volume and performance stats are written to

stderr.

When unspecified, dd will print stats upon completion. An example is below.

6+0 records in

16+0 records out

8192 bytes (8.2 kB, 8.0 KiB) copied, 0.00057009 s, 14.4 MB/s

The first two lines are the 'volume' stats and the final line is

the 'performance' stats.

The volume stats indicate the number of complete and partial

ibs-sized reads, or obs-sized writes that took place during the

copy. The format of the volume stats is

&lt;complete&gt;+&lt;partial&gt;. If records have been truncated (see

conv=block), the volume stats will contain the number of

truncated records.

Possible LEVEL values are:

progress: Print periodic performance stats as the copy

proceeds.

noxfer: Print final volume stats, but not performance stats.

none: Do not print any stats.

Printing performance stats is also triggered by the INFO signal

(where supported), or the USR1 signal. Setting the

POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable to any value (including an

empty value) will cause the USR1 signal to be ignored.

<p>CONVERSION OPTIONS:</p>

<pre><code>ascii convert from EBCDIC to ASCII. This is the inverse of the 'ebcdic'

option. Implies conv=unblock.

ebcdic convert from ASCII to EBCDIC. This is the inverse of the 'ascii'

option. Implies conv=block.

ibm convert from ASCII to EBCDIC, applying the conventions for '[', ']'

and '~' specified in POSIX. Implies conv=block.

ucase convert from lower-case to upper-case

lcase converts from upper-case to lower-case.

block for each newline less than the size indicated by cbs=BYTES, remove

the newline and pad with spaces up to cbs. Lines longer than cbs are

truncated.

unblock for each block of input of the size indicated by cbs=BYTES, remove

right-trailing spaces and replace with a newline character.

sparse attempts to seek the output when an obs-sized block consists of only

zeros.

swab swaps each adjacent pair of bytes. If an odd number of bytes is

present, the final byte is omitted.

sync pad each ibs-sided block with zeros. If 'block' or 'unblock' is

specified, pad with spaces instead.

excl the output file must be created. Fail if the output file is already

present.

nocreat the output file will not be created. Fail if the output file in not

already present.

notrunc the output file will not be truncated. If this option is not

present, output will be truncated when opened.

noerror all read errors will be ignored. If this option is not present, dd

will only ignore Error::Interrupted.

fdatasync data will be written before finishing.

fsync data and metadata will be written before finishing.

<p>INPUT FLAGS:</p>

<pre><code>count_bytes a value to count=N will be interpreted as bytes.

skip_bytes a value to skip=N will be interpreted as bytes.

fullblock wait for ibs bytes from each read. zero-length reads are still

considered EOF.

<p>OUTPUT FLAGS:</p>

<pre><code>append open file in append mode. Consider setting conv=notrunc as well.

seek_bytes a value to seek=N will be interpreted as bytes.

<p>GENERAL FLAGS:</p>

<pre><code>direct use direct I/O for data.

directory fail unless the given input (if used as an iflag) or output (if used

as an oflag) is a directory.

dsync use synchronized I/O for data.

sync use synchronized I/O for data and metadata.

nonblock use non-blocking I/O.

noatime do not update access time.

nocache request that OS drop cache.

noctty do not assign a controlling tty.

nofollow do not follow system links.

<p>Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,

and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.

Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).</p>

<p>SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10<em>1024</em>1024).

Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB,... (powers

of 1000).</p>

<p>The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date. Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.</p>

<p>If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which

file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.

For details on the format of these files, run 'dircolors --print-database'</p>

<p>Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,

and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.

Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).</p>

<p>SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10<em>1024</em>1024).

Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB,... (powers

of 1000).</p>

<p>PATTERN allows some advanced exclusions. For example, the following syntaxes

are supported:

? will match only one character</p>

<li>will match zero or more characters

{a,b} will match a or b</li>

<p>Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.</p>

<p>If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:</p>

<p>\\ backslash

\a alert (BEL)

\b backspace

\c produce no further output

\e escape

\f form feed

\n new line

\r carriage return

\t horizontal tab

\v vertical tab

\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)

\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)</p>

<p>A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.</p>

<p>Print the value of <code>EXPRESSION</code> to standard output</p>

<p>Print the value of <code>EXPRESSION</code> to standard output. A blank line below

separates increasing precedence groups. </p>

<p><code>EXPRESSION</code> may be:</p>

<pre><code>ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2

ARG1 &amp; ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0

ARG1 &lt; ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2

ARG1 &lt;= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2

ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2

ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2

ARG1 &gt;= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2

ARG1 &gt; ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2

ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2

ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2

ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2

ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2

ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2

STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING

match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP

substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1

index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0

length STRING length of STRING

+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a

keyword like 'match' or an operator like '/'

( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION

<p>Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.

Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.

Pattern matches return the string matched between ( and ) or null; if

( and ) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.</p>

<p>Exit status is <code>0</code> if <code>EXPRESSION</code> is neither null nor <code>0</code>, <code>1</code> if <code>EXPRESSION</code> is null

or <code>0</code>, <code>2</code> if <code>EXPRESSION</code> is syntactically invalid, and <code>3</code> if an error occurred.</p>

<p>Environment variables:</p>

<li><code>EXPR_DEBUG_TOKENS=1</code>: dump expression's tokens</li>

<li><code>EXPR_DEBUG_RPN=1</code>: dump expression represented in reverse polish notation</li>

<li><code>EXPR_DEBUG_SYA_STEP=1</code>: dump each parser step</li>

<li><code>EXPR_DEBUG_AST=1</code>: dump expression represented abstract syntax tree</li>

<p>The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date. Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.</p>

<p>Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask

--help display this help and exit

--version output version information and exit</p>

<p>Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they

must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,

it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;

otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:</p>

<p>b create a block (buffered) special file

c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file

p create a FIFO</p>

<p>NOTE: your shell may have its own version of mknod, which usually supersedes

the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation

for details about the options it supports.</p>