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‎en/about/index.md

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---
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layout: page
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title: About Ruby
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title: "About Ruby"
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lang: en
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---
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Wondering why Ruby is so popular? Its fans call it a beautiful,
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artful language. And yet, they say it's handy and practical.
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What gives?
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Wondering why Ruby is so popular? Its fans call it a beautiful, artful
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language. And yet, they say it’s handy and practical. What gives?
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### The Ideals of Ruby's Creator
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### The Ideals of Ruby’s Creator
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<p style="float:right"><img src="http://redhanded.hobix.com/images/ruby-lang-matz.png" style="padding-left:8px;" alt=""></p>
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![](http://redhanded.hobix.com/images/ruby-lang-matz.png){:
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style="padding-left:8px;"}
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{: style="float:right"}
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Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator,
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[Yukihiro "matz" Matsumoto](http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/), blended parts
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of his favorite languages (Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp) to form
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a new language that balanced functional programming with imperative
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programming.
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Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator, [Yukihiro “matz”
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Matsumoto][1], blended parts of his favorite languages (Perl, Smalltalk,
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Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp) to form a new language that balanced functional
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programming with imperative programming.
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He has often said that he is "trying to make Ruby natural, not simple,"
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He has often said that he is “trying to make Ruby natural, not simple,”
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in a way that mirrors life.
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Building on this, he adds:
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> Ruby is simple in appearance, but is very complex inside, just like
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> our human body <sup markdown="true">[1](#fn1)</sup>.
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> our human body<sup>[1](#fn1)</sup>.
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### About Ruby's Growth
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### About Ruby’s Growth
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Since its public release in 1995, Ruby has drawn devoted coders worldwide.
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In 2006, Ruby achieved mass acceptance. With active user groups formed in
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the world's major cities and Ruby-related conferences filled to capacity.
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Since its public release in 1995, Ruby has drawn devoted coders
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worldwide. In 2006, Ruby achieved mass acceptance. With active user
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groups formed in the world’s major cities and Ruby-related conferences
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filled to capacity.
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<p style="float:right"><img src="http://gmane.org/plot-rate.php?group=gmane.comp.lang.ruby.general&amp;width=280&amp;height=140&amp;title=Ruby-Talk+Activity" style="padding-left:8px;" title="Graph courtesy of Gmane." alt="Graph courtesy of Gmane."></p>
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![Graph courtesy of
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Gmane.](http://gmane.org/plot-rate.php?group=gmane.comp.lang.ruby.general&amp;width=280&amp;height=140&amp;title=Ruby-Talk+Activity
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"Graph courtesy of Gmane."){: style="padding-left:8px;"}
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{: style="float:right"}
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Ruby-Talk, the primary [mailing list](/en/community/mailing-lists/) for
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discussion of the Ruby language, climbed to an average of 200 messages per
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day in 2006. It has dropped in recent years as the size of the community
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pushed discussion from one central list into many smaller groups.
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discussion of the Ruby language, climbed to an average of 200 messages
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per day in 2006. It has dropped in recent years as the size of the
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community pushed discussion from one central list into many smaller
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groups.
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The TIOBE index, which measures the growth of programming languages,
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ranks Ruby as #9 among programming languages worldwide. Much of the growth
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is attributed to the popularity of software written in Ruby, particularly
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the Ruby on Rails web framework <sup markdown="true">[2](#fn2)</sup>.
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ranks Ruby as #9 among programming languages worldwide. Much of the
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growth is attributed to the popularity of software written in Ruby,
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particularly the Ruby on Rails web framework<sup>[2](#fn2)</sup>.
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Ruby is also [totally free](/license.txt). Not only free of charge, but
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Ruby is also [totally free](./license.txt). Not only free of charge, but
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also free to use, copy, modify, and distribute.
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### Seeing Everything as an Object
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Initially, Matz looked at other languages to find an ideal syntax.
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Recalling his search, he said, "I wanted a scripting language that was more
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powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than Python
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<sup markdown="true">[1](#fn3)</sup>."
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In Ruby, everything is an object. Every bit of information and code can be
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given their own properties and actions. Object-oriented programming calls
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properties by the name _instance variables_ and actions are known as
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_methods_. Ruby's pure object-oriented approach is most commonly
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Recalling his search, he said, “I wanted a scripting language that was
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more powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than
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Python<sup>[3](#fn3)</sup>.”
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In Ruby, everything is an object. Every bit of information and code can
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be given their own properties and actions. Object-oriented programming
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calls properties by the name *instance variables* and actions are known
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as *methods*. Ruby’s pure object-oriented approach is most commonly
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demonstrated by a bit of code which applies an action to a number.
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{% highlight ruby %}
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5.times { print "We *love* Ruby -- it's outrageous!" }
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{% endhighlight %}
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{: .code .ruby-code}
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### Ruby's Flexibility
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In many languages, numbers and other primitive types are not objects.
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Ruby follows the influence of the Smalltalk language by giving methods
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and instance variables to all of its types. This eases one’s use of
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Ruby, since rules applying to objects apply to all of Ruby.
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### Ruby’s Flexibility
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Ruby is seen as a flexible language, since it allows its users to freely
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alter its parts. Essential parts of Ruby can be removed or redefined,
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at will. Existing parts can be added upon. Ruby tries not to restrict the
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alter its parts. Essential parts of Ruby can be removed or redefined, at
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will. Existing parts can be added upon. Ruby tries not to restrict the
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coder.
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For example, addition is performed with the plus (`+`) operator. But,
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if you'd rather use the readable word `plus`, you could add such a method to
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Ruby's builtin `Numeric` class.
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For example, addition is performed with the plus (`+`) operator. But, if
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you’d rather use the readable word `plus`, you could add such a method
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to Ruby’s builtin `Numeric` class.
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{% highlight ruby %}
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class Numeric
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def plus(x)
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self.+(x)
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end
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  def plus(x)
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    self.+(x)
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  end
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end
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y = 5.plus 6
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# y is now equal to 11
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{% endhighlight %}
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{: .code .ruby-code}
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Ruby's operators are syntactic sugar for methods. You can redefine them as
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well.
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Ruby’s operators are syntactic sugar for methods. You can redefine them
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as well.
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### Blocks, a Truly Expressive Feature
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Ruby's block are also seen as a source of great flexibility. A programmer
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can attach a closure to any method, describing how that method should act.
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The closure is called a _block_ and has become one of the most
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popular features for newcomers to Ruby from other imperative languages
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like PHP or Visual Basic.
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Ruby’s block are also seen as a source of great flexibility. A
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programmer can attach a closure to any method, describing how that
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method should act. The closure is called a *block* and has become one of
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the most popular features for newcomers to Ruby from other imperative
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languages like PHP or Visual Basic.
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Blocks are inspired by functional languages. Matz said, "in Ruby closures,
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I wanted to respect the Lisp culture <sup markdown="true">[4](#fn4)</sup>"
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Blocks are inspired by functional languages. Matz said, “in Ruby
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closures, I wanted to respect the Lisp culture<sup>[4](#fn4)</sup>.”
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{% highlight ruby %}
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search_engines = %w[Google Yahoo MSN].map do |engine|
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"http://www." + engine.downcase + ".com"
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end
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{% endhighlight %}
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search_engines =
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  %w[Google Yahoo MSN].map do |engine|
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    "http://www." + engine.downcase + ".com"
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  end
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{: .code .ruby-code}
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In the above code, the block is described inside the `do ... end`
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construct. The `map` method applies the block to the provided list of words.
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Many other methods in Ruby leave a hole open for a coder to write their own
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block to fill in the details of what that method should do.
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construct. The `map` method applies the block to the provided list of
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words. Many other methods in Ruby leave a hole open for a coder to write
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their own block to fill in the details of what that method should do.
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### Ruby and the Mixin
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Unlike many object-oriented languages, Ruby features single inheritance
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only, **on purpose**. But Ruby knows the concept of modules
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(called Categories in Objective-C). Modules are collections of methods.
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only, **on purpose**. But Ruby knows the concept of modules (called
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Categories in Objective-C). Modules are collections of methods.
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Classes can mixin a module and receive all its methods for free.
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For example, any class which implements the `each` method can mixin the
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Classes can mixin a module and receive all its methods for free. For
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example, any class which implements the `each` method can mixin the
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`Enumerable` module, which adds a pile of methods that use `each` for
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looping.
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{% highlight ruby %}
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class MyArray
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include Enumerable
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  include Enumerable
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end
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{% endhighlight %}
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{: .code .ruby-code}
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Generally, Rubyists see this as a much clearer way than multiple
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inheritance, which is complex and can be too restrictive.
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### Ruby's Visual Appearance
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### Ruby’s Visual Appearance
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While Ruby often uses very limited punctuation and usually prefers English
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keywords, some punctuation is used to decorate Ruby. Ruby needs no variable
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declarations. It uses simple naming conventions to denote the scope of
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variables.
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While Ruby often uses very limited punctuation and usually prefers
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English keywords, some punctuation is used to decorate Ruby. Ruby needs
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no variable declarations. It uses simple naming conventions to denote
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the scope of variables.
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* `var` could be a local variable.
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* `@var` is an instance variable.
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* `$var` is a global variable.
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These sigils enhance readability by allowing the programmer to easily
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identify the roles of each variable. It also becomes unnecessary to use a
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tiresome `self.` prepended to every instance member.
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identify the roles of each variable. It also becomes unnecessary to use
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a tiresome `self.` prepended to every instance member.
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### Beyond the Basics
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Ruby has a wealth of other features, among which are the following:
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* Ruby has exception handling features, like Java or Python,
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to make it easy to handle errors.
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* Ruby has exception handling features, like Java or Python, to make it
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easy to handle errors.
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^
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* Ruby features a true mark-and-sweep garbage collector for all Ruby
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objects. No need to maintain reference counts in extension
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libraries. As Matz says, "This is better for your health."
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objects. No need to maintain reference counts in extension libraries.
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As Matz says, “This is better for your health.”
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^
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* Writing C extensions in Ruby is easier than in Perl or Python, with a
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very elegant API for calling Ruby from C. This includes calls for
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embedding Ruby in software, for use as a scripting language.
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A SWIG interface is also available.
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embedding Ruby in software, for use as a scripting language. A SWIG
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interface is also available.
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^
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* Ruby can load extension libraries dynamically if an OS allows.
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* Ruby features OS independent threading. Thus, for all platforms on which
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Ruby runs, you also have multithreading, regardless of if the OS supports
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it or not, even on MS-DOS!
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* Ruby is highly portable: it is developed mostly on GNU/Linux,
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but works on many types of UNIX, Mac OS X, Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP,
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^
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* Ruby features OS independent threading. Thus, for all platforms on
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which Ruby runs, you also have multithreading, regardless of if the OS
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supports it or not, even on MS-DOS!
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^
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* Ruby is highly portable: it is developed mostly on GNU/Linux, but
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works on many types of UNIX, Mac OS X, Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP,
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DOS, BeOS, OS/2, etc.
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#### References
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<p id="fn1">
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<sup>1</sup> Matz, speaking on the Ruby-Talk mailing list,
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<a href="http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/2773">May 12th, 2000</a>.
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</p>
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<sup>1</sup> Matz, speaking on the Ruby-Talk mailing list, [May 12th,
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2000][2].
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{: #fn1}
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<sup>2</sup> See the [Ruby on Rails][3] home page for more.
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{: #fn2}
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<sup>3</sup> Matz, in [An Interview with the Creator of Ruby][4], Nov.
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29th, 2001.
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{: #fn3}
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<sup>4</sup> Matz, in [Blocks and Closures in Ruby][5], December 22nd,
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2003.
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{: #fn4}
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<p id="fn2">
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<sup>2</sup> See the <a href="http://rubyonrails.org/">Ruby on Rails</a> home page for more.
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</p>
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<p id="fn3">
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<sup>3</sup> Matz, in <a href="http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2001/11/29/ruby.html">An Interview with the Creator of Ruby</a>, Nov. 29th, 2001.
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</p>
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<p id="fn4">
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<sup>4</sup> Matz, in <a href="http://www.artima.com/intv/closures2.html">Blocks and Closures in Ruby</a>,
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December 22nd, 2003.
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</p>
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[1]: http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/
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[2]: http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/2773
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[3]: http://rubyonrails.org/
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[4]: http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2001/11/29/ruby.html
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[5]: http://www.artima.com/intv/closures2.html

‎en/community/conferences/index.md

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---
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layout: page
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title: Ruby Conferences
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title: "Ruby Conferences"
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lang: en
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---
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between 2001 and 2006. RubyConf has provided a forum for presentations
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about Ruby technologies by their creators, including talks by
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Nathaniel Talbot on Test Unit, Jim Weirich on Rake, David Heinemeier
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Hansson on Ruby on Rails, Why the Lucky Stiff on the YAML library,
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and Sasada Koichi on YARV. Matz has attended, and spoken at, all the
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Hansson on Ruby on Rails, Why the Lucky Stiff on the YAML library, and
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Sasada Koichi on YARV. Matz has attended, and spoken at, all the
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RubyConfs but one.
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[RubyKaigi][3]
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Central and [Skills Matter][13], and in 2007 by Ruby Central and
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O’Reilly), and Canada on Rails.
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[1]: http://rubyconf.org/
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[2]: http://www.rubycentral.org
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[3]: http://jp.rubyist.net/RubyKaigi2008/

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