Papers by Gurbhinder Singh
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2018
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining... more Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in last two decades. FSW has many advantages when welding magnesium or lightweight alloys. The Friction stir welding of magnesium alloy has many potential applications in major industries i.e. land transportation, aerospace, railway, shipbuilding and marine, construction, and many other industrial applications. Even magnesium alloys have been used in industrial equipment of nuclear energy as magnesium alloys have low tendency to absorb neutrons, sufficient resistance to carbon dioxide and excellent thermal conductivity. Recently, the research and development in FSW field and associated technologies have been developing rapidly worldwide. In this review article, the basic principle of friction stir welding and several aspects of friction stir welded magnesium alloys have been described. The current state of friction stir welding of magnesium alloys is summarized. In spite of this, much remains to be learned about the process and opportunities for further research are identified.
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pie-10.1177_0954408921997626 for Influence of post welding heat t... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pie-10.1177_0954408921997626 for Influence of post welding heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welding joint of AZ31 Mg alloy by Kulwant Singh, Gurbhinder Singh and Harmeet Singh in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering
Materials Today: Proceedings
Recent research and development on high temperature corrosion problems, with the techniques avail... more Recent research and development on high temperature corrosion problems, with the techniques available to control this problem, is reviewed and discussed in this paper. Boiler is an essential element of power generation plants. With increasing fuel and energy costs, maintaining the reliability and consistent performance of a boiler while minimizing energy costs is challenging for any industrial plant. Since boiler systems are constructed primarily of carbon steel, the potential for corrosion is high which can result in a forced shutdown of the boiler and the industrial process. The fireside corrosion in coal fired utility boilers is one of the main problems. Superheaters and reheaters suffer from steam oxidation on their inner surfaces and hot corrosion on the fireside. Fireside corrosion cannot be eliminated completely but it can be controlled. There are several techniques to control the high temperature corrosion problems in boilers which are Fuel blending, use of additives, replacing tubes with more corrosion resistant materials, thermal spray coating, thicker tube walls, adjustment of firing rate, amount of excess air, air temperature and amount of recirculating flue gas can be very effective in controlling the amount and composition of ash deposit, and effective boiler design and construction can also help in controlling ash deposition etc.
Thermal spray process is commonly used to protect high temperature corrosions in coal or oil fire... more Thermal spray process is commonly used to protect high temperature corrosions in coal or oil fired boiler due to the effectiveness of the technique. In this study the corrosion resistance of Ni20Cr coating sprayed by two thermal spray processes is compared. The HVOF and Plasma spray processes were used to deposit Ni20Cr coating powder on SA213 (T22) boiler steel. Studies were performed on coated and bare specimens exposed to actual boiler environment at an average temperature of 700C under cyclic conditions. The weights gain/lost analysis as well as thickness monitoring of unreacted portion was used to measure the corrosion kinetics in actual boiler environment. The XRD, FE-SEM/EDS and X-Ray mapping analysis were done to characterize the hot corrosion behavior in the given environments. The major phases formed in the Ni20Cr coated specimens are oxides of Ni, Cr, which are suggested to be protective barrier between the corrosive environment and substrate. It is found that Ni20Cr coat...
Super alloys are introduced in these days in industrial environment for better strength applicati... more Super alloys are introduced in these days in industrial environment for better strength applications. It is widely understood that aerospace materials such as titanium, nickel based alloys and high strength steels are difficult to machine in spite of their material properties. Previous research in concerned area indicates that an alternative pathway to achieve greater tool life is thermally assisted machining (TAM). This approach is seemingly contradictory to the traditional method and instead relies on introducing heat from an external source to reduce the work piece material’s strength and hardness, thereby reducing cutting forces and making the material easier to machine. The objective of present work is to investigate the role of thermal assisted machining; especially plasma assisted machining on various parameters at optimal speed, feed and depth of cut, and to compare the effectiveness of dry machining with thermal assisted machining on EN-19 steel. The results reveal the sign...
Solid State Technology, 2020
Erosion analysis wasperformed to study theerosion behavior of three different cermet coating powd... more Erosion analysis wasperformed to study theerosion behavior of three different cermet coating powders sprayed using Plasma spray gun in a simulated coal-fired boiler conditions The coatings were Al2O3, Al2O3 + 3% TiO2 and Al2O3 + 13% TiO2 sprayed on SAE-347H steel. During the erosion analysis,an optical profilometer was used todetermine weight loss, erosion profiles and erosion rates (in terms of volume loss (mm3/g)). All the Plasma gun sprayed cermet coatings had effectively shielded SAE-347H steel from erosive wear at impact angles of 30o, 60o and 90o. In case of uncoated SAE-347H steel specimens the solid particle erosion rate was maximum at impact angle of 30o, intermediate atimpact angle of 60oand minimum at impact angle of 90o.
The objective of this research is to study the influence parameters affecting the mechanical prop... more The objective of this research is to study the influence parameters affecting the mechanical properties (Tensile Strength & Micro Hardness) and micro structural properties of austenitic stainless steel grade (AISI 304L & AISI 310) with Gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The research was carried out by applying the different values of wire speed and current for experiment, which have following interested parameters: welding current at (180, 250 & 320) Amps, welding wire speeds at (2, 3 & 5) m/min, shield gas pure CO₂ and welding voltage constant (24 V). The study of this work is focused on mechanical and optical analysis.
Surface Review and Letters, 2021
Herein, a biomimetic coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)–Al2O3 and HA–ZrO2 was deposited on Ti–6Al–4V-... more Herein, a biomimetic coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)–Al2O3 and HA–ZrO2 was deposited on Ti–6Al–4V-alloy using vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique. The bond-coat of ZrO2 has been introduced between the substrate and reinforced HA coatings to study the effect of bond-coat on structural, mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion performance of the developed coatings. In addition, the impact of thermal treatment of coating was investigated on these properties too. Coating characteristics, such as morphology, porosity, surface roughness, and crystallinity were investigated. The corrosion performance of coatings was tested in Hank’s-based salt solution (HBSS). Significant enhancement in crystallinity and surface-hardness has been witnessed after heat treatment; nevertheless, porosity reduced. The electrochemical corrosion study revealed that the corrosion resistance of heat-treated samples was better than the as-sprayed coatings samples. The intensity of XRD peaks of all coatings...
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
Stainless steels are widely used in industry as anti corrosion materials, but its application is ... more Stainless steels are widely used in industry as anti corrosion materials, but its application is highly constrained in the field of high requirement of wear resistance because of its poor properties such as lower surface hardness, wear and fatigue resistance. From decades nitrocarburizing process has been used to to make these steels more compatible for the industrial use . But due to toxicity levels of nitrocarburizing salts, research in salt bath nitrocarburizing has been stalled from sometime, but the advantages associated with salt bath nitrocarburizing also can not be sacrificed, and plasma nitrocarburizing, and gas nitrocarburizing processes has been found less efficient and economical as compared to salt bath nitrocarburizing. From the literature it has been found that there is still wide scope of salt bath nitrocarburizing in near future.
The objective of this research is to study the influence parameters affecting the mechanical prop... more The objective of this research is to study the influence parameters affecting the mechanical property (tensile strength) and optical investigation (SEM & EDAX) of austenitic stainless steel grade (AISI-304L& AISI-310) with Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The research was applying the different values of wire speed and current for experiment, which have following interested parameters: welding current at (180, 250 and 320 Amps), welding wire speeds at (2, 3, 5 m/min), shield gas pure CO₂ and (24V)Welding Voltage. The study was done in following aspects: tensile strength and optical investigation. A research study investigate the tensile strength of welding joint is maximum 320.4 N/mm² at wire speed 3m/min and 250 Amps welding current. It has been observed from the SEM analysis that grain of the surface are ultra fine and EDAX analysis conforms the change of chemical composition is small at wire speed 3m/min and 250 Amps welding current.
In the current scenario, the light-weighting concept is the most important strategy to decrease f... more In the current scenario, the light-weighting concept is the most important strategy to decrease fuel consumption as well as emissions of greenhouse gases. Magnesium alloys are attractive to various industries including transportation industry for their inherent light-weight. The friction stir welding is proficient to join magnesium alloys. In this article, a dissimilar friction stir welding butt joint between AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloys was fabricated, and microstructure and mechanical properties have been examined. The tool rotation speed of 1400 r/min and tool transverse feed rate of 25 mm/min was found quite suitable to fabricate a perfect joint of these dissimilar magnesium alloys. The stir zone was composed of fine and equiaxed grains and showed the highest microhardness value. In the advancing side, heat affected zone was composed of both equiaxed and elongated grains; however, in the retreating side, heat affected zone has relatively smooth grains. The tensile strength of ...
Materials Today: Proceedings
Materials Today: Proceedings
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering
At present, magnesium alloys are extensively used in numerous applications due to their light wei... more At present, magnesium alloys are extensively used in numerous applications due to their light weight and better characteristics. Welding of magnesium alloys is regarded as one of the most complex phenomena in various industries. The friction stir welding of magnesium alloys has encouraged abundant scientific and industrial interest as it has the potency to form a good quality joint. Post welding heat treatment is an appropriate process to further improve the properties or performance of FSW joints. Therefore, the present work aims to join AZ31 Mg alloy plates by friction stir welding, and microstructural and mechanical properties of the joint have been examined. Furthermore, the consequence of post welding heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW joint has been evaluated. Tensile strength and elongation of FSW joint were about 145.4 ± 4.9 MPa and 9.5 ± 0.9%, respectively. It was found that post welding heat treatment was beneficial in homogenizing grains...
International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering
The weight reduction concept is most effective to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from v... more The weight reduction concept is most effective to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles, which also improves fuel efficiency. Amongst lightweight materials, magnesium alloys are attractive to the automotive sector as a structural material. Welding feasibility of magnesium alloys acts as an influential role in its usage for lightweight prospects. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an appropriate technique as compared to other welding techniques to join magnesium alloys. Field of friction stir welding is emerging in the current scenario. The friction stir welding technique has been selected to weld AZ91 magnesium alloys in the current research work. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the produced FSW butt joints have been investigated. Further, the influence of post welding heat treatment (at 260 °C for 1 h) on these properties has also been examined. Post welding heat treatment (PWHT) resulted in the improvement of the grain structure of weld zones whic...
Materials Today: Proceedings
Materials Today: Proceedings
Abstract In this investigation the basic in-vitro assessment of substrate (Ti-6Al-4V), as-deposit... more Abstract In this investigation the basic in-vitro assessment of substrate (Ti-6Al-4V), as-deposited and heat treated reinforced HA coatings has been performed to evaluate the biocompatible conduct of these bio-ceramic coatings. Briefly adherent fibroblast cell lines NIN3T3 and non-adherent human peripheral blood monocyte cells (hPBMCs) were utilized to survey the surface biocompatibility utilizing standard MTT, trypan blue tests while their reactive oxygen species profiling was done to comprehend the potential pressure that may hamper the human cell working. The outcomes demonstrated that the as-deposited and heat treated coatings displayed incredible cell reasonability for hPBMCs and NIN3T3 cells in contrast with bare substrates. Comparative results were observed for trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Besides, oxygen free radical levels demonstrated that there is no change in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells cultured on heat treated coatings. This suggests the materials utilized in coatings are not cytotoxic in nature and the phenomenon was true both for cell lines just as human primary cells. By and large natural assessment showed that coatings are protected to human cells in essential conditions.
Materials Today Communications
Abstract The friction stir welding joint of magnesium alloys having a high and medium percentage ... more Abstract The friction stir welding joint of magnesium alloys having a high and medium percentage of aluminium content (i.e. AZ91 and AZ61 respectively) has been fabricated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-welded and post weld heat treated joints were investigated. The tensile strength and elongation of as-welded joints were 130.17 MPa and 2.87% respectively and the efficiency of the joint was 59% with respect to AZ91 magnesium alloy. The tensile strength, elongation, and efficiency of the joints after post weld heat treatment for 60 min were improved by 8.8%, 32.4%, and 3.8% respectively. The stir zone had a fine and homogeneous grain structure and relatively larger grains observed in the heat affected zones. The grain structure of the weld zone improved and the hardness of the stir zone was reduced by 12.95% after heat treatment. The fracture spot of the tensile specimens remains unchanged for as-welded as well as post welded heat treated joints.
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Papers by Gurbhinder Singh