HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
Cet article présente une méthode de conception pour une nouvelle génération de tags RFID sans puc... more Cet article présente une méthode de conception pour une nouvelle génération de tags RFID sans puce à forte capacité de codage. Le codage est basé sur l'allure globale de la signature EM ce qui permettrait potentiellement d'atteindre une capacité de 128 bits. La conception de tags ayant une signature donnée constitue un problème inverse difficile. Les tags sont réalisés à partir de la projection de la signature objectif sur une base de motifs dont la réponse est connue par avance. L'algorithme de conception est présenté puis évalué pour une base composée de motifs fortement résonants. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants et permettent d'envisager la mise en oeuvre de l'algorithme pour une base de motifs large bande.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017
The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities ba... more The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities based on a radar cross-section (RCS) measurement method. With this approach, the values of the equivalent lumped element models are determined for two discontinuities often encountered in practice: open-circuit and short-circuit. The discontinuities are incorporated into two different very simple resonators. But contrarily to what is usually done, here the resonators are considered as radar resonant targets and are illuminated by a plane wave. The incremental electrical length due to the discontinuities causes a shift of the resonance frequency which is used for the extraction of the parameters. The values obtained from full-wave simulations are compared to measurements and to other data available from previous studies.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Mar 1, 2017
This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. Th... more This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. This antenna is used to realize near-field UHF RIFD reader. The antenna is printed on a flexible plastic substrate and then cut to the desired dimensions to be positioned over the area where it is desired to carry out the reading of near-field UHF RFID tags. This new concept of configurable antenna on demand, which is cut to fix the reading zone, shows extremely modular characteristics and can be simply implanted in a real environment. The performances of different configurations of the antenna that tell about different reading surfaces are presented. Significant reading surfaces never obtained before for near-field UHF RFID tags (1×1 cm²) up to 42 × 76 cm² with a minimum range of 15 cm for the 868 MHz band are reported. Reading areas in three dimensions of such antennas are characterized experimentally with commercial tags to confirm the performances in a real environment.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Sep 1, 2015
A generalization of the array factor approach of a nonuniform leaky wave antenna (LWA) is propose... more A generalization of the array factor approach of a nonuniform leaky wave antenna (LWA) is proposed for the modelling of discrete tapered LWAs. The demonstration is based on the Fourier transform of the illumination amplitude of a LWA and is thus quite general. This analysis approach can be helpful for design. When it is used in combination with classical taperization techniques, it provides an easy and powerful conception tool. The validity of the method is demonstrated with the Holey and the Honey LWAs. Taylor and cosine distributions were simulated and sidelobe level reduction up to dB were obtained. A Holey antenna designed to work at 1.7 GHz with a cosine distribution was realized. Its radiation pattern was measured and it shows an acceptable agreement with theory and numerical simulations.
This chapter includes a certain number of theoretical concepts that apply to chipless RFID. These... more This chapter includes a certain number of theoretical concepts that apply to chipless RFID. These concepts come from several fields, such as radar, antenna, and traditional RFID. First, we provide a precise definition of what the “response of a chipless tag” is and then we present the reading system that makes it possible to measure them. After establishing the physical definition of the response, we examine its different components. The component that is useful for coding is based on the resonant nature of the constituent parts of the tag, so we specify the characteristic quantities that make it possible to analyze these resonances. Finally, we demonstrate that the resonant nature of the response enables the implementation of techniques to improve the readability of a chipless tag. This chapter presents a general perspective of the physical phenomena involved in interrogating a chipless tag. The concepts addressed here will be used in the following chapters concerning the design of chipless RFID tags.
A fully automated tool for designing CRLH interdigital microstrip structures using a co-design sy... more A fully automated tool for designing CRLH interdigital microstrip structures using a co-design synthesis computational approach is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. This approach uses an electromagnetic simulator in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to synthesize and optimize a balanced CRLH interdigital microstrip transmission line. The high sensitivity of a long balanced transmission line to fabrication tolerances is controlled by the use of a high precision 3D simulator. The 2.5D simulator used was found insufficient for a large number of unit cells. A 13 UC CRLH transmission line is designed with the proposed approach. The response sensitivity of the balanced transmission lines to the over/under-etching factor is highlighted by comparing the measurements of four lines with different factors. The effect of over/under-etching is significant for values larger than 10 µm.
An approach for coding information based on the magnitude level of the radar cross section (RCS) ... more An approach for coding information based on the magnitude level of the radar cross section (RCS) of depolarizing chipless tags is proposed for the first time. It is used in combination with the classical frequency coding to increase the coding capacity. The control of the magnitude is based on the polarization mismatch between the tag and the reader antenna and it is fully compatible with a recent technique allowing reliable detection in real environments. The theoretical approach is validated by measurements.
All commercial or industrial activity requires a tracking system that makes it possible to check ... more All commercial or industrial activity requires a tracking system that makes it possible to check inventory, input-output and product consumption, circulation of documents, materials, equipment, etc. This monitoring can be carried out manually by keeping records or by digital processing. In the latter case, information must be entered into a computer. Data entry by a human operator has a number of disadvantages. The error rate is relatively high, in the order of 2–3% of typed entries. Entry speed is often low because it is done by people for whom data entry is just another task on top of their other work. These elements make it so that keyboard input is often considered too costly and cumbersome to be used.
This chapter is an overview of the coding methods used in chipless RFID. The different lines of a... more This chapter is an overview of the coding methods used in chipless RFID. The different lines of approach that have emerged around RFID are mentioned. A classification of chipless RFID tags based on coding method is proposed. The different types of coding are illustrated with examples from the literature. The objective of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with the physical principles in play for different types of coding and provide reference points in relation to performance.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021
In this paper, a mm-Wave chipless RFID tag is developed to operate in the V-band for authenticati... more In this paper, a mm-Wave chipless RFID tag is developed to operate in the V-band for authentication applications. A novel approach based on tag backscattered E-field measurements at different orientation angles for unitary classification is proposed. The concept is based on the hardness to identically reproduce materials due to the inherent randomness in the fabrication process. These uncertainties are transcribed in very small variations that can be observed in the tag electromagnetic response. A set of 16 identical tags were fabricated, each tag shares same fabrication mask and manufacture process method. Spatial diversity using the tag backscattering pattern (at two different angles) adds independent characteristics for estimating authenticity of each tag. To better exploit the large amount of data collect with this approach, a Machine Learning (ML) sighting classification is used, which enhance the system performance. The probability of error (PE) achieved with the method is around 1%. This PE is four times lower than the one obtained with a similar approach implemented in the X-band.
IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, 2019
An implementation of the hybrid frequencymagnitude coding is presented. This technique can be app... more An implementation of the hybrid frequencymagnitude coding is presented. This technique can be applied to enhance coding capacity of already existing chipless radiofrequency identification tags without increase of complexity. The dependency of the magnitude from the tag-reader distance is discussed and a compensation technique is proposed. An increase of 2.6 bits per resonator is demonstrated from measures in office environment.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017
This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. Th... more This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. This antenna is used to realize near-field UHF RIFD reader. The antenna is printed on a flexible plastic substrate and then cut to the desired dimensions to be positioned over the area where it is desired to carry out the reading of near-field UHF RFID tags. This new concept of configurable antenna on demand, which is cut to fix the reading zone, shows extremely modular characteristics and can be simply implanted in a real environment. The performances of different configurations of the antenna that tell about different reading surfaces are presented. Significant reading surfaces never obtained before for near-field UHF RFID tags (1×1 cm²) up to 42 × 76 cm² with a minimum range of 15 cm for the 868 MHz band are reported. Reading areas in three dimensions of such antennas are characterized experimentally with commercial tags to confirm the performances in a real environment.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017
The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities ba... more The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities based on a radar cross-section (RCS) measurement method. With this approach, the values of the equivalent lumped element models are determined for two discontinuities often encountered in practice: open-circuit and short-circuit. The discontinuities are incorporated into two different very simple resonators. But contrarily to what is usually done, here the resonators are considered as radar resonant targets and are illuminated by a plane wave. The incremental electrical length due to the discontinuities causes a shift of the resonance frequency which is used for the extraction of the parameters. The values obtained from full-wave simulations are compared to measurements and to other data available from previous studies.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
Cet article présente une méthode de conception pour une nouvelle génération de tags RFID sans puc... more Cet article présente une méthode de conception pour une nouvelle génération de tags RFID sans puce à forte capacité de codage. Le codage est basé sur l'allure globale de la signature EM ce qui permettrait potentiellement d'atteindre une capacité de 128 bits. La conception de tags ayant une signature donnée constitue un problème inverse difficile. Les tags sont réalisés à partir de la projection de la signature objectif sur une base de motifs dont la réponse est connue par avance. L'algorithme de conception est présenté puis évalué pour une base composée de motifs fortement résonants. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants et permettent d'envisager la mise en oeuvre de l'algorithme pour une base de motifs large bande.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017
The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities ba... more The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities based on a radar cross-section (RCS) measurement method. With this approach, the values of the equivalent lumped element models are determined for two discontinuities often encountered in practice: open-circuit and short-circuit. The discontinuities are incorporated into two different very simple resonators. But contrarily to what is usually done, here the resonators are considered as radar resonant targets and are illuminated by a plane wave. The incremental electrical length due to the discontinuities causes a shift of the resonance frequency which is used for the extraction of the parameters. The values obtained from full-wave simulations are compared to measurements and to other data available from previous studies.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Mar 1, 2017
This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. Th... more This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. This antenna is used to realize near-field UHF RIFD reader. The antenna is printed on a flexible plastic substrate and then cut to the desired dimensions to be positioned over the area where it is desired to carry out the reading of near-field UHF RFID tags. This new concept of configurable antenna on demand, which is cut to fix the reading zone, shows extremely modular characteristics and can be simply implanted in a real environment. The performances of different configurations of the antenna that tell about different reading surfaces are presented. Significant reading surfaces never obtained before for near-field UHF RFID tags (1×1 cm²) up to 42 × 76 cm² with a minimum range of 15 cm for the 868 MHz band are reported. Reading areas in three dimensions of such antennas are characterized experimentally with commercial tags to confirm the performances in a real environment.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Sep 1, 2015
A generalization of the array factor approach of a nonuniform leaky wave antenna (LWA) is propose... more A generalization of the array factor approach of a nonuniform leaky wave antenna (LWA) is proposed for the modelling of discrete tapered LWAs. The demonstration is based on the Fourier transform of the illumination amplitude of a LWA and is thus quite general. This analysis approach can be helpful for design. When it is used in combination with classical taperization techniques, it provides an easy and powerful conception tool. The validity of the method is demonstrated with the Holey and the Honey LWAs. Taylor and cosine distributions were simulated and sidelobe level reduction up to dB were obtained. A Holey antenna designed to work at 1.7 GHz with a cosine distribution was realized. Its radiation pattern was measured and it shows an acceptable agreement with theory and numerical simulations.
This chapter includes a certain number of theoretical concepts that apply to chipless RFID. These... more This chapter includes a certain number of theoretical concepts that apply to chipless RFID. These concepts come from several fields, such as radar, antenna, and traditional RFID. First, we provide a precise definition of what the “response of a chipless tag” is and then we present the reading system that makes it possible to measure them. After establishing the physical definition of the response, we examine its different components. The component that is useful for coding is based on the resonant nature of the constituent parts of the tag, so we specify the characteristic quantities that make it possible to analyze these resonances. Finally, we demonstrate that the resonant nature of the response enables the implementation of techniques to improve the readability of a chipless tag. This chapter presents a general perspective of the physical phenomena involved in interrogating a chipless tag. The concepts addressed here will be used in the following chapters concerning the design of chipless RFID tags.
A fully automated tool for designing CRLH interdigital microstrip structures using a co-design sy... more A fully automated tool for designing CRLH interdigital microstrip structures using a co-design synthesis computational approach is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. This approach uses an electromagnetic simulator in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to synthesize and optimize a balanced CRLH interdigital microstrip transmission line. The high sensitivity of a long balanced transmission line to fabrication tolerances is controlled by the use of a high precision 3D simulator. The 2.5D simulator used was found insufficient for a large number of unit cells. A 13 UC CRLH transmission line is designed with the proposed approach. The response sensitivity of the balanced transmission lines to the over/under-etching factor is highlighted by comparing the measurements of four lines with different factors. The effect of over/under-etching is significant for values larger than 10 µm.
An approach for coding information based on the magnitude level of the radar cross section (RCS) ... more An approach for coding information based on the magnitude level of the radar cross section (RCS) of depolarizing chipless tags is proposed for the first time. It is used in combination with the classical frequency coding to increase the coding capacity. The control of the magnitude is based on the polarization mismatch between the tag and the reader antenna and it is fully compatible with a recent technique allowing reliable detection in real environments. The theoretical approach is validated by measurements.
All commercial or industrial activity requires a tracking system that makes it possible to check ... more All commercial or industrial activity requires a tracking system that makes it possible to check inventory, input-output and product consumption, circulation of documents, materials, equipment, etc. This monitoring can be carried out manually by keeping records or by digital processing. In the latter case, information must be entered into a computer. Data entry by a human operator has a number of disadvantages. The error rate is relatively high, in the order of 2–3% of typed entries. Entry speed is often low because it is done by people for whom data entry is just another task on top of their other work. These elements make it so that keyboard input is often considered too costly and cumbersome to be used.
This chapter is an overview of the coding methods used in chipless RFID. The different lines of a... more This chapter is an overview of the coding methods used in chipless RFID. The different lines of approach that have emerged around RFID are mentioned. A classification of chipless RFID tags based on coding method is proposed. The different types of coding are illustrated with examples from the literature. The objective of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with the physical principles in play for different types of coding and provide reference points in relation to performance.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021
In this paper, a mm-Wave chipless RFID tag is developed to operate in the V-band for authenticati... more In this paper, a mm-Wave chipless RFID tag is developed to operate in the V-band for authentication applications. A novel approach based on tag backscattered E-field measurements at different orientation angles for unitary classification is proposed. The concept is based on the hardness to identically reproduce materials due to the inherent randomness in the fabrication process. These uncertainties are transcribed in very small variations that can be observed in the tag electromagnetic response. A set of 16 identical tags were fabricated, each tag shares same fabrication mask and manufacture process method. Spatial diversity using the tag backscattering pattern (at two different angles) adds independent characteristics for estimating authenticity of each tag. To better exploit the large amount of data collect with this approach, a Machine Learning (ML) sighting classification is used, which enhance the system performance. The probability of error (PE) achieved with the method is around 1%. This PE is four times lower than the one obtained with a similar approach implemented in the X-band.
IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, 2019
An implementation of the hybrid frequencymagnitude coding is presented. This technique can be app... more An implementation of the hybrid frequencymagnitude coding is presented. This technique can be applied to enhance coding capacity of already existing chipless radiofrequency identification tags without increase of complexity. The dependency of the magnitude from the tag-reader distance is discussed and a compensation technique is proposed. An increase of 2.6 bits per resonator is demonstrated from measures in office environment.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017
This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. Th... more This paper presents a near-field antenna with significant reading area that is reconfigurable. This antenna is used to realize near-field UHF RIFD reader. The antenna is printed on a flexible plastic substrate and then cut to the desired dimensions to be positioned over the area where it is desired to carry out the reading of near-field UHF RFID tags. This new concept of configurable antenna on demand, which is cut to fix the reading zone, shows extremely modular characteristics and can be simply implanted in a real environment. The performances of different configurations of the antenna that tell about different reading surfaces are presented. Significant reading surfaces never obtained before for near-field UHF RFID tags (1×1 cm²) up to 42 × 76 cm² with a minimum range of 15 cm for the 868 MHz band are reported. Reading areas in three dimensions of such antennas are characterized experimentally with commercial tags to confirm the performances in a real environment.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017
The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities ba... more The article presents a contactless approach to characterize coplanar stripline discontinuities based on a radar cross-section (RCS) measurement method. With this approach, the values of the equivalent lumped element models are determined for two discontinuities often encountered in practice: open-circuit and short-circuit. The discontinuities are incorporated into two different very simple resonators. But contrarily to what is usually done, here the resonators are considered as radar resonant targets and are illuminated by a plane wave. The incremental electrical length due to the discontinuities causes a shift of the resonance frequency which is used for the extraction of the parameters. The values obtained from full-wave simulations are compared to measurements and to other data available from previous studies.
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Papers by Etienne Perret