How to Use the Scholarship Resource List So, there are a lot of scholarships listed here. That's ... more How to Use the Scholarship Resource List So, there are a lot of scholarships listed here. That's great! It means there's money available for YOU to go to college! So, now what?! Well, here are some easy steps to help you apply for the scholarships that you qualify for. Applying for scholarships takes time and some effort, but in the end, you might get some money for school. If you have questions, feel free to contact us from our homepage at www.scholarshipsaz.org. 1. Look through the entire scholarship list below. 2. Look at the requirements and pay attention to all scholarships that you're interested in AND you qualify for. (If you don't qualify for it, don't apply for it.) 3. Click on the links under Web Address for each scholarship you circled. 4. If there's no link, but there's a phone number, call the organization. Here's a Phone Script to help you with your call: Hi. My name is _______ and I'm calling about the _____ scholarship. I'd like to complete an application and would like to know some more details. Can I please speak with the scholarship director or person responsible for the scholarship program? I would like to know more information about: The requirements for this scholarship: ___________________________ The deadline for submitting my application: _______________________ Can I submit my application online, through email, or through the mail? _____________ If I have further questions, who should I contact? ___________________ Thank you very much for your help. I look forward to submitting my application. 5. If the link doesn't bring you directly to the scholarship application, type the name of the scholarship into the search box of the organization's website or search for the scholarship in an Internet search engine. 6. Check the requirements of the scholarship application. Make sure you still qualify. 7. Check the deadline and write it down somewhere to remind yourself later. (This is a good chance to write it in your planner or calendar in your cell phone.) 8. Gather all of the items you need to apply for this scholarship. Check out our Resource Guide and Tutorials at www.scholarshipsaz.org to help you find/write these items: Scholarship essay Personal statement Letters of recommendation Resume 9. Complete application requirements and SAVE all of your written work on your computer. You might need it later for another application. 10. Review your essays, statements, and all written work BEFORE submitting. Send it to someone else so they can revise it with you. The scholarship committee is going to read your work so it has to look good. 11. Submit your application and write down the date when you should be contacted about your application. Time to celebrate…you finished…nice job! See if there are other scholarships you qualify for. Well, you already have a great essay right?! Scholarships listed below are open to ALL students regardless of immigration status and organized by MONTH. Disclaimer: These are not ScholarshipsA-Z scholarships. ScholarshipsA-Z provides this information as a service to all students in an effort to help them locate additional scholarship funding. The offering organization(s) is always the final authority regarding the details below. ScholarshipsA-Z is not responsible for incorrect information listed here.
Cardiac arrest effectiveness trials have traditionally reported outcomes that focus on survival. ... more Cardiac arrest effectiveness trials have traditionally reported outcomes that focus on survival. A lack of consistency in outcome reporting between trials limits the opportunities to pool results for meta-analysis. The COSCA initiative (Core Outcome Set for Cardiac Arrest), a partnership between patients, their partners, clinicians, research scientists, and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, sought to develop a consensus core outcome set for cardiac arrest for effectiveness trials. Core outcome sets are primarily intended for large, randomised clinical effectiveness trials (sometimes referred to as pragmatic trials or phase III/IV trials) rather than for pilot or efficacy studies. A systematic review of the literature combined with qualitative interviews among cardiac arrest survivors was used to generate a list of potential outcome domains. This list was prioritised through a Delphi process, which involved clinicians, patients, and their relatives/partners. An international advisory panel narrowed these down to 3 core domains by debate that led to consensus. The writing group refined recommendations for when these outcomes should be measured and further characterised relevant measurement tools. Consensus emerged that a core outcome set for reporting on effectiveness studies of cardiac arrest (COSCA) in adults should include survival, neurological function, and health-related quality of life. This should be reported as survival status and modified Rankin scale score at hospital discharge
Simulation for non-pedagogical purposes has begun to emerge. Examples include quality improvement... more Simulation for non-pedagogical purposes has begun to emerge. Examples include quality improvement initiatives, testing and evaluating of new interventions, the co-designing of new models of care, the exploration of human and organizational behaviour, comparing of different sectors and the identification of latent safety threats. However, the literature related to these types of simulation is scattered across different disciplines and has many different associated terms, thus making it difficult to advance the field in both recognition and understanding. This paper, therefore, aims to enhance and formalize this growing field by generating a clear set of terms and definitions through a concept taxonomy of the literature. Due to the lack of alignment in terminology, a combination of pearl growing, snowballing and citation searching approach was taken. The search was conducted between November 2020 and March 2023. Data were extracted and coded from the included papers according to seven...
Background: Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care and ensuring good o... more Background: Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care and ensuring good outcomes and safe practices in any health care system. This has been demonstrated in several studies in emergency care where resuscitation teams perform at a high level to achieve desired outcomes in life-threatening situations. Simulation has been identified as an effective way of improving team performance skills, especially in acute care settings where team dynamics change rapidly and require good collaboration. In addition to clinical competence, the members of the team need to be conversant with non-technical skills such as team leadership and communication. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for original articles from the last 20 years investigating team performance in multidisciplinary team-based simulation training in acute care settings. The research questions were developed using the participants, intervention, comparisons, outcome (PICO) framework. The review was designed and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The articles were then assessed by independent reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) to standardize the assessment process. Results: Of the 1260 articles identified, 12 primary research articles representing a variety of team-based simulation training in various acute care settings were included. The studies were published between 2002 and 2020 and included 679 participants 418 years of age. All articles were original research papers with a combination of pre-/post-test, observational, randomized, and prospective designs; 11 were single-site studies and one was a multi-site study. Six studies used a pre-/post-test interventional method, four used a post-interventional method and one was an observational study. One study used a prospective blinded controlled observational method. Most of the articles reviewed did not provide high-level evidence and the control aspect of PICO was not applied because the review focused mainly on the intervention and outcome with no comparator. This study shows that 72.2% of the reviewed articles demonstrated a positive impact of team-based simulation training on team performance. Discussion: This review has demonstrated some evidence that team-based simulation training used in various emergency and acute care clinical settings does improve team performance. However, how that translates to improvement in patient safety and clinical outcomes was not fully addressed by most of the articles reviewed and other previous studies. Simulation enhances team training; the evidence to support multidisciplinary team training is positive although limited and will require further research to fully develop and validate simulation-based team training programmes.
Background: In 2009, an audit into the death of a patient with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury... more Background: In 2009, an audit into the death of a patient with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) revealed several shortcomings in the management of AKI patients in UK hospitals. The National Confidential Enquiry into Patients Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) reports that the poor management of AKI is commonly related to poor clinical care, and it is recommended that all clinical staff receive regular teaching on AKI to improve their knowledge and skills. Aim: This study aimed to establish the level of understanding of healthcare professionals caring for patients with AKI and ways to provide intervention to overcome any deficiencies. Method: This study used a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was posted using the Survey Monkey online tool and sent via a link to healthcare professionals. The links allowed respondents to answer the questions and recorded their anonymised responses. The online survey link was sent out via mail to the staff of three Trusts w...
The Royal College of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Intensive Care Society a... more The Royal College of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Intensive Care Society and the Resuscitation Council (UK) have published new resuscitation standards. The document provides advice to UK healthcare organisations, resuscitation committees and resuscitation officers on all aspects of the resuscitation service. It includes sections on resuscitation training, resuscitation equipment, the cardiac arrest team, cardiac arrest prevention, patient transfer, post-resuscitation care, audit and research. The document makes several
Immersive Healthcare Collaboration 1. The design and development of immersive tools that are driv... more Immersive Healthcare Collaboration 1. The design and development of immersive tools that are driven by learning requirements, and informed by the science of human behaviour and cognition. 2. Rigorous evaluation prior to, and during implementation of immersive technologies into the healthcare system through open science and transparent research practices. 3. Principles 1 and 2 are best achieved by fostering a culture of collaboration, inclusivity and solidarity between developers, educators, scientists, industry, policy makers and healthcare professionals to maximise uptake, accelerate learning and improve patient outcomes.
Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to cerebral ischem... more Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to cerebral ischemia. We therefore tested the hypothesis that higher regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) during resuscitation is associated with improved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival and neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. We further examined the validity of rSO2 as a test to predict these outcomes. Methods: Multicenter prospective study of in-hospital CA (IHCA). Inclusion criteria: IHCA, age≥18 years, Prolonged CPR≥5 minutes. Patients were recruited consecutively during working hours between 08/2011-09/2014. Survival with a favorable neurological outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)1-2. Results: Among 504 IHCA events, 183 (36%) met inclusion criteria. Overall 62/183 (33.9%) achieved ROSC, while 13/183(7.1%) achieved CPC1-2 at discharge. Higher mean±SD rSO2 was associated with ROSC vs. no ROSC (51.8±11.2% vs. 40.9±12.3%) and CPC1-2 vs. CPC3-5 (56.1±1...
Background: Real time recognition of the quality of brain oxygen delivery is critical during resu... more Background: Real time recognition of the quality of brain oxygen delivery is critical during resuscitation. Although end tidal CO2 monitoring (ETCO2) has been proposed as a marker of organ perfusio...
BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning, 2020
Introduction Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care while ensuring goo... more Introduction Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care while ensuring good outcomes and safe practices in any healthcare system. This has been demonstrated in several studies in emergency care where resuscitation teams perform at high level to achieve desired outcomes in life threatening situations.1 Simulation has been identified as an effective way of improving team performance skills especially in the acute care settings where team dynamics change rapidly and requires good collaboration.2 In addition to clinical competence, the members of the team also need to be conversant with non-technical skills such as team leadership and communication Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASSE and Cochrane library databases were searched for original articles from the last 20 years, investigating team performance in a multidisciplinary team-based simulation training in acute care settings. The research questions were developed using the participants, intervention, comparisons, out...
This article has been double-blind peer reviewedIn this article…Current national guidance on card... more This article has been double-blind peer reviewedIn this article…Current national guidance on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)A fitness to practise hearing by the Nursing and Midwifery Council relating to CPRImportance of advance care and emergency care planningAbstractIn January 2017, the Nursing
Objective To develop an assessment instrument that can be used as a comprehensive feedback record... more Objective To develop an assessment instrument that can be used as a comprehensive feedback record to convey to a trainer the non-technical aspects of skill acquisition and training. Methods The instrument was developed across three rounds. In Round 1, 6 endourological consultants undertook a modified Delphi process. Round 2 included 10 trainers who assessed each question’s relevance and practicability. Round 3 involved a pilot study with fifteen urology residents who participated in a technical skills simulation session with the incorporation of the instrument. We report the content, face, and construct validity, and the internal consistency of an NTS instrument for trainers. Results The instrument had a consistent and a high positive average for each of the 4 sections of the instrument, regardless of the type of user. Positive Spearman’s correlation coefficients (0.02 to .64) for content validity and Cronbach’s alpha (a = 0.70) indicated good validity and moderate reliability of th...
The automatic triggering of a critical incident review for all unexpected cardiac arrests, as pro... more The automatic triggering of a critical incident review for all unexpected cardiac arrests, as proposed by the National Patient Safety Agency (news August 25), should enable organisations to identify readily the remedial factors that may contribute towards a 'failure to rescue'.
How to Use the Scholarship Resource List So, there are a lot of scholarships listed here. That's ... more How to Use the Scholarship Resource List So, there are a lot of scholarships listed here. That's great! It means there's money available for YOU to go to college! So, now what?! Well, here are some easy steps to help you apply for the scholarships that you qualify for. Applying for scholarships takes time and some effort, but in the end, you might get some money for school. If you have questions, feel free to contact us from our homepage at www.scholarshipsaz.org. 1. Look through the entire scholarship list below. 2. Look at the requirements and pay attention to all scholarships that you're interested in AND you qualify for. (If you don't qualify for it, don't apply for it.) 3. Click on the links under Web Address for each scholarship you circled. 4. If there's no link, but there's a phone number, call the organization. Here's a Phone Script to help you with your call: Hi. My name is _______ and I'm calling about the _____ scholarship. I'd like to complete an application and would like to know some more details. Can I please speak with the scholarship director or person responsible for the scholarship program? I would like to know more information about: The requirements for this scholarship: ___________________________ The deadline for submitting my application: _______________________ Can I submit my application online, through email, or through the mail? _____________ If I have further questions, who should I contact? ___________________ Thank you very much for your help. I look forward to submitting my application. 5. If the link doesn't bring you directly to the scholarship application, type the name of the scholarship into the search box of the organization's website or search for the scholarship in an Internet search engine. 6. Check the requirements of the scholarship application. Make sure you still qualify. 7. Check the deadline and write it down somewhere to remind yourself later. (This is a good chance to write it in your planner or calendar in your cell phone.) 8. Gather all of the items you need to apply for this scholarship. Check out our Resource Guide and Tutorials at www.scholarshipsaz.org to help you find/write these items: Scholarship essay Personal statement Letters of recommendation Resume 9. Complete application requirements and SAVE all of your written work on your computer. You might need it later for another application. 10. Review your essays, statements, and all written work BEFORE submitting. Send it to someone else so they can revise it with you. The scholarship committee is going to read your work so it has to look good. 11. Submit your application and write down the date when you should be contacted about your application. Time to celebrate…you finished…nice job! See if there are other scholarships you qualify for. Well, you already have a great essay right?! Scholarships listed below are open to ALL students regardless of immigration status and organized by MONTH. Disclaimer: These are not ScholarshipsA-Z scholarships. ScholarshipsA-Z provides this information as a service to all students in an effort to help them locate additional scholarship funding. The offering organization(s) is always the final authority regarding the details below. ScholarshipsA-Z is not responsible for incorrect information listed here.
Cardiac arrest effectiveness trials have traditionally reported outcomes that focus on survival. ... more Cardiac arrest effectiveness trials have traditionally reported outcomes that focus on survival. A lack of consistency in outcome reporting between trials limits the opportunities to pool results for meta-analysis. The COSCA initiative (Core Outcome Set for Cardiac Arrest), a partnership between patients, their partners, clinicians, research scientists, and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, sought to develop a consensus core outcome set for cardiac arrest for effectiveness trials. Core outcome sets are primarily intended for large, randomised clinical effectiveness trials (sometimes referred to as pragmatic trials or phase III/IV trials) rather than for pilot or efficacy studies. A systematic review of the literature combined with qualitative interviews among cardiac arrest survivors was used to generate a list of potential outcome domains. This list was prioritised through a Delphi process, which involved clinicians, patients, and their relatives/partners. An international advisory panel narrowed these down to 3 core domains by debate that led to consensus. The writing group refined recommendations for when these outcomes should be measured and further characterised relevant measurement tools. Consensus emerged that a core outcome set for reporting on effectiveness studies of cardiac arrest (COSCA) in adults should include survival, neurological function, and health-related quality of life. This should be reported as survival status and modified Rankin scale score at hospital discharge
Simulation for non-pedagogical purposes has begun to emerge. Examples include quality improvement... more Simulation for non-pedagogical purposes has begun to emerge. Examples include quality improvement initiatives, testing and evaluating of new interventions, the co-designing of new models of care, the exploration of human and organizational behaviour, comparing of different sectors and the identification of latent safety threats. However, the literature related to these types of simulation is scattered across different disciplines and has many different associated terms, thus making it difficult to advance the field in both recognition and understanding. This paper, therefore, aims to enhance and formalize this growing field by generating a clear set of terms and definitions through a concept taxonomy of the literature. Due to the lack of alignment in terminology, a combination of pearl growing, snowballing and citation searching approach was taken. The search was conducted between November 2020 and March 2023. Data were extracted and coded from the included papers according to seven...
Background: Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care and ensuring good o... more Background: Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care and ensuring good outcomes and safe practices in any health care system. This has been demonstrated in several studies in emergency care where resuscitation teams perform at a high level to achieve desired outcomes in life-threatening situations. Simulation has been identified as an effective way of improving team performance skills, especially in acute care settings where team dynamics change rapidly and require good collaboration. In addition to clinical competence, the members of the team need to be conversant with non-technical skills such as team leadership and communication. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for original articles from the last 20 years investigating team performance in multidisciplinary team-based simulation training in acute care settings. The research questions were developed using the participants, intervention, comparisons, outcome (PICO) framework. The review was designed and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The articles were then assessed by independent reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) to standardize the assessment process. Results: Of the 1260 articles identified, 12 primary research articles representing a variety of team-based simulation training in various acute care settings were included. The studies were published between 2002 and 2020 and included 679 participants 418 years of age. All articles were original research papers with a combination of pre-/post-test, observational, randomized, and prospective designs; 11 were single-site studies and one was a multi-site study. Six studies used a pre-/post-test interventional method, four used a post-interventional method and one was an observational study. One study used a prospective blinded controlled observational method. Most of the articles reviewed did not provide high-level evidence and the control aspect of PICO was not applied because the review focused mainly on the intervention and outcome with no comparator. This study shows that 72.2% of the reviewed articles demonstrated a positive impact of team-based simulation training on team performance. Discussion: This review has demonstrated some evidence that team-based simulation training used in various emergency and acute care clinical settings does improve team performance. However, how that translates to improvement in patient safety and clinical outcomes was not fully addressed by most of the articles reviewed and other previous studies. Simulation enhances team training; the evidence to support multidisciplinary team training is positive although limited and will require further research to fully develop and validate simulation-based team training programmes.
Background: In 2009, an audit into the death of a patient with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury... more Background: In 2009, an audit into the death of a patient with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) revealed several shortcomings in the management of AKI patients in UK hospitals. The National Confidential Enquiry into Patients Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) reports that the poor management of AKI is commonly related to poor clinical care, and it is recommended that all clinical staff receive regular teaching on AKI to improve their knowledge and skills. Aim: This study aimed to establish the level of understanding of healthcare professionals caring for patients with AKI and ways to provide intervention to overcome any deficiencies. Method: This study used a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was posted using the Survey Monkey online tool and sent via a link to healthcare professionals. The links allowed respondents to answer the questions and recorded their anonymised responses. The online survey link was sent out via mail to the staff of three Trusts w...
The Royal College of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Intensive Care Society a... more The Royal College of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Intensive Care Society and the Resuscitation Council (UK) have published new resuscitation standards. The document provides advice to UK healthcare organisations, resuscitation committees and resuscitation officers on all aspects of the resuscitation service. It includes sections on resuscitation training, resuscitation equipment, the cardiac arrest team, cardiac arrest prevention, patient transfer, post-resuscitation care, audit and research. The document makes several
Immersive Healthcare Collaboration 1. The design and development of immersive tools that are driv... more Immersive Healthcare Collaboration 1. The design and development of immersive tools that are driven by learning requirements, and informed by the science of human behaviour and cognition. 2. Rigorous evaluation prior to, and during implementation of immersive technologies into the healthcare system through open science and transparent research practices. 3. Principles 1 and 2 are best achieved by fostering a culture of collaboration, inclusivity and solidarity between developers, educators, scientists, industry, policy makers and healthcare professionals to maximise uptake, accelerate learning and improve patient outcomes.
Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to cerebral ischem... more Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to cerebral ischemia. We therefore tested the hypothesis that higher regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) during resuscitation is associated with improved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival and neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. We further examined the validity of rSO2 as a test to predict these outcomes. Methods: Multicenter prospective study of in-hospital CA (IHCA). Inclusion criteria: IHCA, age≥18 years, Prolonged CPR≥5 minutes. Patients were recruited consecutively during working hours between 08/2011-09/2014. Survival with a favorable neurological outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC)1-2. Results: Among 504 IHCA events, 183 (36%) met inclusion criteria. Overall 62/183 (33.9%) achieved ROSC, while 13/183(7.1%) achieved CPC1-2 at discharge. Higher mean±SD rSO2 was associated with ROSC vs. no ROSC (51.8±11.2% vs. 40.9±12.3%) and CPC1-2 vs. CPC3-5 (56.1±1...
Background: Real time recognition of the quality of brain oxygen delivery is critical during resu... more Background: Real time recognition of the quality of brain oxygen delivery is critical during resuscitation. Although end tidal CO2 monitoring (ETCO2) has been proposed as a marker of organ perfusio...
BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning, 2020
Introduction Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care while ensuring goo... more Introduction Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care while ensuring good outcomes and safe practices in any healthcare system. This has been demonstrated in several studies in emergency care where resuscitation teams perform at high level to achieve desired outcomes in life threatening situations.1 Simulation has been identified as an effective way of improving team performance skills especially in the acute care settings where team dynamics change rapidly and requires good collaboration.2 In addition to clinical competence, the members of the team also need to be conversant with non-technical skills such as team leadership and communication Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASSE and Cochrane library databases were searched for original articles from the last 20 years, investigating team performance in a multidisciplinary team-based simulation training in acute care settings. The research questions were developed using the participants, intervention, comparisons, out...
This article has been double-blind peer reviewedIn this article…Current national guidance on card... more This article has been double-blind peer reviewedIn this article…Current national guidance on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)A fitness to practise hearing by the Nursing and Midwifery Council relating to CPRImportance of advance care and emergency care planningAbstractIn January 2017, the Nursing
Objective To develop an assessment instrument that can be used as a comprehensive feedback record... more Objective To develop an assessment instrument that can be used as a comprehensive feedback record to convey to a trainer the non-technical aspects of skill acquisition and training. Methods The instrument was developed across three rounds. In Round 1, 6 endourological consultants undertook a modified Delphi process. Round 2 included 10 trainers who assessed each question’s relevance and practicability. Round 3 involved a pilot study with fifteen urology residents who participated in a technical skills simulation session with the incorporation of the instrument. We report the content, face, and construct validity, and the internal consistency of an NTS instrument for trainers. Results The instrument had a consistent and a high positive average for each of the 4 sections of the instrument, regardless of the type of user. Positive Spearman’s correlation coefficients (0.02 to .64) for content validity and Cronbach’s alpha (a = 0.70) indicated good validity and moderate reliability of th...
The automatic triggering of a critical incident review for all unexpected cardiac arrests, as pro... more The automatic triggering of a critical incident review for all unexpected cardiac arrests, as proposed by the National Patient Safety Agency (news August 25), should enable organisations to identify readily the remedial factors that may contribute towards a 'failure to rescue'.
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