Iran Raya

Iran Raya adalah istilah mengacu pada daerah dengan pengaruh budaya Iran. Daerah ini meliputi wilayah di dataran tinggi Iran dan bawahnya kemudian membentang dari Mesopotamia Irak, Kaukasus, Anatolia Timur Turki sampai ke Sungai Indus Pakistan.^[1]^[2]^[3] Sementara Encyclopædia Iranika menggunakan istilah Benua Budaya Iran.^[4]

Deskripsi

Istilah Iran tidak hanya terbatas pada negara modern Iran saat ini. Iran mencakup semua batas-batas politik dikuasai oleh Persia Kuno termasuk Mesopotamia, Armenia dan Transkaukasia . Konsep Persia Raya bersumber pada sejarah pertama Kekaisaran Persia atau Kekaisaran Achaemenid di Persis (Fars), dan pada kenyataannya identik dengan sejarah Iran dalam banyak hal. Setelah Kekaisaran Persia pertama, Persia kehilangan banyak wilayah di bawah dinasti Safawi, seperti hilangnya Irak ke Ottoman (melalui Perjanjian Amasya pada tahun 1555 dan Perjanjian Zuhab tahun 1639), hilangnya Afghanistan ke Inggris (melalui Perjanjian Paris pada tahun 1857, dan wilayah Kaukasus ke Rusia pada abad 18 dan 19. Traktat Gulistan tahun 1813 mengakibatkan Persia menyerahkan Armenia, Azerbaijan, dan timur Georgia ke Rusia.^[5] Perjanjian Turkmanchey 1828, setelah perang Rusia-Persia hubungan dengan provinsi Kaukasia dari Iran terputus dan menetapkan batas modern di sepanjang Sungai Aras.

Istilah Iran berarti Tanah Arya. Arti Arya dalam bahasa lama Proto-Arya ialah "mulia". Istilah ini dipercaya digunakan atau diciptakan oleh orang Arya sendiri untuk mengagungkan peradaban mereka. Dari prespektif bahasa, istilah Bangsa Iran merujuk kepada mereka yang bertutur dalam Bahasa Iran. Kalau prespektif ini dipertimbangkan, bangsa Iran ini tidak terbatas pada etnis Persia saja, tetapi meliputi etnis-etnis yang berdekatan seperti Pashtun, Tajik, Kurdi, Ossetia, Balochi dan beberapa suku lain.

Catatan kaki

^ Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). Shi'ite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts. LIT Verlag Münster. hlm. 83. ISBN 978-3-643-80049-7. The 'historical lands of Iran' – 'Greater Iran' – were always known in the Persian language as Irānshahr or Irānzamīn. Both terms refer to the Iranian plateau in addition to the Persianate world at large, those regions that had been historically under significant Persian cultural influence, roughly corresponding to the territories ruled over by the ancient Parthians and Sasanids – i.e., in addition to 'Iran proper', also the Caucasus, Mesopotamia (Iraq), Central Asia, and large parts of what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan and conforming to the Persian 'historical understanding' of the 'full territorial extent' of Iran. The capital of this entity was, at times, situated in what is now Iraq.
^ Richard N. Frye, interview by Asieh Namdar, CNN, 20 October 2007. "I spent all my life working in Iran. and as you know I don't mean Iran of today, I mean Greater Iran, the Iran which in the past, extended all the way from China to borders of Hungary and from other Mongolia to Mesopotamia". [1] Diarsipkan 2016-04-23 di Wayback Machine. [2] Diarsipkan 2011-06-02 di Wayback Machine.
^ Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct., 1962), pp. 261-268 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 I use the term Iran in an historical context[...]Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia - that which was within the political boundaries of States ruled by Iranians.
^ "Columbia College Today:Encyclopaedia Iranica". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-18.
^ India. Foreign and Political Dept. (1892). A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries: Persia and the Persian Gulf. G. A. Savielle and P. M. Cranenburgh, Bengal Print. Co. hlm. x (10).

[Marcinkowski-1] Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). Shi'ite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts. LIT Verlag Münster. hlm. 83. ISBN 978-3-643-80049-7. The 'historical lands of Iran' – 'Greater Iran' – were always known in the Persian language as Irānshahr or Irānzamīn. Both terms refer to the Iranian plateau in addition to the Persianate world at large, those regions that had been historically under significant Persian cultural influence, roughly corresponding to the territories ruled over by the ancient Parthians and Sasanids – i.e., in addition to 'Iran proper', also the Caucasus, Mesopotamia (Iraq), Central Asia, and large parts of what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan and conforming to the Persian 'historical understanding' of the 'full territorial extent' of Iran. The capital of this entity was, at times, situated in what is now Iraq.

[2] Richard N. Frye, interview by Asieh Namdar, CNN, 20 October 2007. "I spent all my life working in Iran. and as you know I don't mean Iran of today, I mean Greater Iran, the Iran which in the past, extended all the way from China to borders of Hungary and from other Mongolia to Mesopotamia". [1] Diarsipkan 2016-04-23 di Wayback Machine. [2] Diarsipkan 2011-06-02 di Wayback Machine.

[3] Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct., 1962), pp. 261-268 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 I use the term Iran in an historical context[...]Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia - that which was within the political boundaries of States ruled by Iranians.

[4] "Columbia College Today:Encyclopaedia Iranica". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-18.

[5] India. Foreign and Political Dept. (1892). A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries: Persia and the Persian Gulf. G. A. Savielle and P. M. Cranenburgh, Bengal Print. Co. hlm. x (10).

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