Orientalisme

Orientalisme adalah istilah yang merujuk pada peniruan atau penggambaran unsur-unsur budaya Timur di Barat oleh para penulis, desainer, dan seniman.

Lukisan oriental buatan pelukis tak dikenal dari Venesia, diberi judul Penerimaan Duta Besar di Damaskus, 1511, Museum Louvre. Rusa bertanduk dalam lukisan tersebut tidak diketahui pernah hidup di alam liar di Suriah.

Sejak abad ke-19, "orientalis" telah menjadi istilah tradisional untuk para ahli dalam bidang studi Oriental. Orientalisme lebih digunakan secara luas sebagai istilah yang merujuk pada karya-karya seniman Prancis pada abad ke-19, yang mengandung unsur-unsur yang didapat dari perjalanan mereka ke negara-negara di luar Eropa, khususnya Afrika Utara dan Asia Barat.

Catatan kaki

• Referensi
• "China in Western Thought and Culture" Dictionary of the History of Ideas, etext, University of Virginia
• John E. Hill, translation, Hou Hanshu
• Brian Whitaker, "Distorting Desire", review, Joseph Abbad, Desiring Arabs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007, from Al-Bab.com, on Reflections of a Renegade blog site
• Iskandar, Adel (July 2003). "Whenever, Wherever! The Discourse of Orientalist Transnationalism in the Construction of Shakira". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-04-22. Diakses tanggal 2011-02-15. 
• Martin Kramer, "Edward Said's Splash" Diarsipkan 2010-12-27 di Wayback Machine., from his book, Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America, Washington: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001, pp. 27–43.
• Andre Gingrich, "Frontier Orientalism", Camp Catatonia blog
• Orientalism in the "History of Art", All Art
• Orientalist art and photography, London Times Online
• "Alexander Roubtzoff" (1884–1949), Artistic Association Alexander Roubtzoff
• "Edward Said and the Production of Knowledge", CitizenTrack
• "Orientalism as a tool of Colonialism", Citizen Track
• Articles & Analysis on Orientalists' Art Works Diarsipkan 2011-07-12 di Wayback Machine.

Bacaan lanjutan

• Balagangadhara, S. N. "The Future of the Present: Thinking Through Orientalism", Cultural Dynamics, Vol. 10, No. 2, (1998), pp. 101–23. ISSN 0921-3740.
• Benjamin, Roger Orientalist Aethetics, Art, Colonialism and French North Africa: 1880-1930, U. of California Press, 2003
• Biddick, Kathleen. "Coming Out of Exile: Dante on the Orient(alism) Express", The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 4. (Oct., 2000), pp. 1234–1249.
• Crawley, William. "Sir William Jones: A vision of Orientalism", Asian Affairs, Vol. 27, Issue 2. (Jun. 1996), pp. 163–176.
• Fleming, K.E. "Orientalism, the Balkans, and Balkan Historiography", The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 4. (Oct., 2000), pp. 1218–1233.
• Halliday, Fred. "'Orientalism' and Its Critics", British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2. (1993), pp. 145–163.
• Irwin, Robert. For lust of knowing: The Orientalists and their enemies. London: Penguin/Allen Lane, 2006 (ISBN 0-7139-9415-0)
• Kabbani, Rana. Imperial Fictions: Europe's Myths of Orient. London: Pandora Press, 1994 (ISBN 0-04-440911-7).
• Kalmar, Ivan Davidson & Derek Penslar. Orientalism and the Jews Brandeis 2005
• Klein, Christina. Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945–1961. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-520-22469-8; paperback, ISBN 0-520-23230-5).
• Knight, Nathaniel. "Grigor'ev in Orenburg, 1851–1862: Russian Orientalism in the Service of Empire?", Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 1. (Spring, 2000), pp. 74–100.
• Kontje, Todd. German Orientalisms. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2004 (ISBN 0-472-11392-5).
• Little, Douglas. American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945. (2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 1-86064-889-4).
• Lowe, Lisa. Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992 (ISBN 978-0-8014-8195-6).
• Macfie, Alexander Lyon. Orientalism. White Plains, NY: Longman, 2002 (ISBN 0-582-42386-4).
• MacKenzie, John. Orientalism: History, theory and the arts. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995 (ISBN 0-7190-4578-9).
• Murti, Kamakshi P. India: The Seductive and Seduced "Other" of German Orientalism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001 (ISBN 0-313-30857-8).
• Noble dreams, wicked pleasures: Orientalism in America, 1870–1930 by Holly Edwards (Editor). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000 (ISBN 0-691-05004-X).
• Orientalism and the Jews, edited by Ivan Davidson Kalmar and Derek Penslar. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2004 (ISBN 1-58465-411-2).
• Oueijan, Naji. The Progress of an Image: The east in English Literature. New York: Peter Lang Publishers, 1996.
• Peltre, Christine. Orientalism in Art. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.), 1998 (ISBN 0-7892-0459-2).
• Prakash, Gyan. "Orientalism Now", History and Theory, Vol. 34, No. 3. (Oct., 1995), pp. 199–212.
• Rotter, Andrew J. "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History", The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 4. (Oct., 2000), pp. 1205–1217.
• Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978 ISBN 0-394-74067-X).
• Varisco, Daniel Martin. "Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid." Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-295-98752-1).

Pranala luar

• (Inggris) Academic Information Centre Diarsipkan 2011-07-07 di Wayback Machine.
• (Inggris) Ancient Indian & Iran Trust, London UK Diarsipkan 2011-04-27 di Wayback Machine.
• (Inggris) Eurasian Orientalist Server Diarsipkan 2011-02-16 di Wayback Machine.
• (Inggris) The Orientalist Painters
• (Inggris) The Orientalists' Art Works Gallery Diarsipkan 2011-02-02 di Wayback Machine.
• (Inggris) Orientalism 25 Years Later, oleh Said in 2003 Diarsipkan 2003-11-19 di Wayback Machine.