Laporan Kasus Ruptur Hepar - Fyra
Laporan Kasus Ruptur Hepar - Fyra
Laporan Kasus Ruptur Hepar - Fyra
RUPTUR LIMPA
Pecahnya limpa
ANATOMI
TRAUMA
motorcycle
TRAUMA
TRAUMA ABDOMEN
BLUNT TRAUMA
PENETRATING TRAUMA
(non- penetrating trauma)
Trauma Kompresi
Trauma Akselerasi/Deselerasi
MEKANISME TRAUMA ABDOMEN
PENETRATING TRAUMA
PENETRATING TRAUMA
DO NOT REMOVE OBJECT OR EXERT ANY FORCE UPON IT! Extrusion of abdominal contents secondary to penetrating
abdominal trauma
MEKANISME TRAUMA ABDOMEN
Bagian depan badan berhenti bergerak, sedangkan bagian belakang dan bagian dalam tetap bergerak ke depan.
Organ-organ terjepit dari belakang oleh bagian belakang thorakoabdominal dan kolumna vetebralis dan di depan
oleh struktur yang terjepit.
Pada tabrakan penderita refleks menarik napas dan menahannya. Kompresi abdominal mengakibatkan peningkatan
tekanan intrabdominal dan dapat menyebabkan ruptur diafragma dan translokasi organ-organ abdomen ke dalam
rongga thorax. Transient hepatic kongestion dengan darah sebagai akibat tindakan valsava mendadak diikuti
kompresi abdomen ini dapat menyebabkan pecahnya hepar. Keadaan serupa dapat terjadi pada usus halus bila ada
usus halus yang closed loop terjepit antra tulang belakang dan sabuk pengaman yang salah memakainya.
Biasanya terjadi oleh karena benturan secara langsung yang mengakibatkan bagian depan dari badan ber
henti bergerak, sedangkan struktur bagian dalam masih tetap bergerak ke depan. Sehingga menyebabkan
kerusakan struktur-struktur baik organ yang padat dan berongga di tengah-tengahnya. Misalnya pada trau
MEKANISME TRAUMA ABDOMEN
Trauma deselerasi terjadi bila bagian yang menstabilasi organ, seperti pedikel ginjal, ligamentum teres berhenti,
sedangkan organ yang distabilisasi tetap bergerak. Shear force terjadi bila pergerakan ini terus berlanjut, contoh p
ada ginjal dan limpa denga pedikelnya, pada hati terjadi laserasi hati bagian sentral, terjadi jika deselerasi lobus ka
nan dan kiri sekitar ligamentum teres.
Merupakan bentuk trauma yang terjadi oleh karena gerakan yang berbeda dari bagian badan yan
g bergerak dan yang tidak bergerak, misalnya sering terjadi pada hepar dan lien.
KLASIFIKASI
• Tujuan :
intra-abdomen
• Indikasi :
pasien yang secara hemodinamik unstable dengan kecurigaan cedera abdomen dan
perdarahan intraperitoneum
• Akurasi diagnostik 98-100%
• Sensitivitas 98-100%
• Spesifikasi 90-96%
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
DPL (Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage)
INDIKASI KONTRAINDIKASI
Pemeriksaan fisik yang meragukan Mutlak :
indikasi untuk laparotomi eksplorasi sudah jelas
Syok atau hipotensi yang tidak dapat dijelaskan Relatif :
Penurunan kesadaran (cedera kepala tertutup, obat-obatan) riwayat laparotomi eksplorasi sebelumnya, kehamilan,
Penderita dalam narkose umum untuk prosedur ekstra morbid obesity ,sirrhosis yang lanjut ,dan adanya
abdominal koagulopati sebelumnya .
Cedera medula spinalis
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
DPL (Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage)
• Darah bebas tampak jelas
• Analisis cairan lavage :
RBC > 100,000 cells/mm3
Bile, bacteria, vegetable fib
ers, fecal material
Amylase, alkaline phosphat
ase
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
CT Scan Abdomen
Dx modality of choice for hemodynamically stable patients with suspected blunt abdominal injury
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
CT Scan Abdomen
Disadvantages
PRIMARY SURVEY
PENATALAKSANAAN
PRIMARY SURVEY
• Paten ?
PRIMARY SURVEY
PRIMARY SURVEY
1. Volume Darah
• Hipotensi hipovolemia
2. Tingkat Kesadaran
• Penurunan kesadaran
Hipovolemia
Intoksikasi
3. Warna Kulit
• Akral pucat dan dingin hipovolemia
4. Nadi
• Cepat & kecil hipovolemia
PENATALAKSANAAN
PRIMARY SURVEY
Pasang 2 IV line untuk
resusitasi cairan kristaloid
(ringer laktat / RL) 2-3 liter
Koloid
PRIMARY SURVEY
Pada tahap ini dilakukan penilaian neurologis secara cepat berupa tingkat kesadaran, ukuran dan reaksi pupil,
tanda-tanda lateralisasi dan tingkat cedera spinal.
PENATALAKSANAAN
PRIMARY SURVEY
Pada tahap ini, pakaian pasien dibuka keseluruhan kemudian dinilai kelainan yang tampak secara cepat.
Selanjutnya selimuti pasien agar tidak hipotermi.
PENATALAKSANAAN
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY
tidak ya ya tidak
Perubahan
USG : Cairan Bebas ya laparotomi konservatif
kesadaran,
Makroskopis
hematuria,
Tidak jelas DPL tidak ya HCt < 35 %
CT-Scan ya tidak
USG ulang
(30 menit),
HCt ulang
(4 jam),
Observasi
(8 jam)
INDIKASI LAPAROTOMI
tidak ya ya tidak
Perubahan
USG : Cairan Bebas ya laparotomi konservatif
kesadaran,
Makroskopis
Tidak jelas DPL tidak ya hematuria,
CT-Scan ya tidak
HCt ulang (4
jam),
Observasi (8
PENATALAKSANAAN
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