IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120)
Abstract: Soil erosion research is a popular topic in soil science that appears in conjunction wi... more Abstract: Soil erosion research is a popular topic in soil science that appears in conjunction with several other topics like soil and/or water conservation, soil physics,- chemistry and – biology and others. A request for the term “soil erosion ” on CAB abstract CD, dated from January 1992 to January 2001, resulted in 15.531 articles. According to the publication year on average 1.639 articles are published per year. Objective of this paper is to analyze literature of soil erosion research with bibliometric methods and to achieve the following targets: 1) give an overview of the various sub-themes that arise in conjunction with soil erosion research; 2) find potential missing research areas; 3) show co-operations of different science areas and countries. To fulfill these objectives a visualization and analysis tool, called BibTechMon is used. This tool helps to get a quick overview of great amounts of literature, find conceptual interactions and show interactions of content. Result...
We evaluated a laboratory technique to isolate intrinsic processes controlling pesticide partitio... more We evaluated a laboratory technique to isolate intrinsic processes controlling pesticide partitioning between infiltration, runoff and sediment. The laboratory technique provided controlled test conditions and reproducible results on processes affecting partitioning of rainfall, runoff, and pesticides at the soil surface, and sediment and pesticide transport. Atrazine and chlorpyrifos half-life values determined prior to simulating rainfall from corresponding concentrations in the 0-1 cm soil layer were 30 and 10 d. Atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D concentrations remaining in the 0-1 cm surface layer decreased logarithmically with rainfall duration. Atrazine and 2,4-D concentrations in the 0-1 cm layer were positively correlated with those associated with splash (S), runoff (R), and sediment yield (E) (R =0.69-0.99). Relationships for all pesticide concentrations in the 0-1 cm layer and infiltration (INF) were negatively correlated. Relatively poor correlations (R =0.10-0.63) were ...
The availability of electronic components made the development of a "tailor made" data ... more The availability of electronic components made the development of a "tailor made" data aquisition system for long term observations with a reasonable effort possible. The information chain, beginning with the ineraction of sensors and data logger till the final results are available at the desk is pointed out. Two field sites are described to illustrate the use of the observation system.
In Ethiopia, soil salinity has become a challenge for agricultural production in irrigated arid a... more In Ethiopia, soil salinity has become a challenge for agricultural production in irrigated arid and semi-arid areas. This research investigates the effectiveness of leaching salt remediation under different soil textures and groundwater tables. Leaching was conducted in the bare parts of three abandoned saline fields. Soil texture of Field 1 (F1) is sandy loam while Field 2 (F2) and Field 3 (F3) are clay loam. The F1, F2, and F3 groundwater was located at 1.8, 1.5 and > 3 m, respectively. The leaching requirement water levels were 15, 20, 25, and 30% higher than the evaporation of the bare field needed for four consecutive weeks, respectively. The results of this study show that, after four days of leaching, the salinity of F1 with sandy loam texture was significantly (P < 0.05) and more strongly reduced than for the other fields exhibiting clay loam texture. For F1, salinity was reduced from 16.3 to 6.2 dS/m and from 12.4 to 5.5 dS/m at depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm, respective...
The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) has aggravated salinity-related problems in semi-arid ir... more The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) has aggravated salinity-related problems in semi-arid irrigation areas of the Awash river basin, Ethiopia. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of potential remediation crops on saline soil and their effectiveness for remediating soil salinity and improving pH, SOC, bulk density (BD) and hydraulic conductivity (HyCo). Rhodes grass (RHG), alfalfa (ALF), sudangrass (SUG) and blue panicgrass (Retz) (BPG) were grown in saline (3–13.9 dS/m) field plots. The crop biomass was incorporated into the soil immediately before flowering. The results show that at high soil salinity levels, BPG and SUG grew well, with the harvesting frequency of BPG being much higher than for SUG. Conversely, the growth of ALF and RHG was strongly inhibited by high soil salinity. Significant (P < 0.05) reduction of soil salinity levels (–3.2 dS/m) and related ionic concentrations, an increase of SOC (0.8% to 1.6%) and improvement of BD and HyCo were observed in...
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 2001
The objective of this work is to investigate effects of rainfall intensity, slope steepness and s... more The objective of this work is to investigate effects of rainfall intensity, slope steepness and soil surface condition on soil detachment and transport. All experiments were conducted in the laboratory using programmable rainfall simulation troughs equipped with oscillating nozzles. Interrill soil erosion experiments were conducted in Austria for six different soils. Sediment transport processes in a rill channel were studied for an Ava silt loam at the NSERL, USA. Experiments were conducted for different soil hydrologic conditions, rainfall intensities and slope steepness. Data showed the importance of raindrop impact as well as slope steepness, hydrologic conditions, and their complex interactions on erosion processes from interrill and rill areas.
Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 23-25 July 2006, Orlando Florida
... Andreas Klik, Werner Jester, Andreas Muhar, Alfred Peinsitt, Nicola Rampazzo, Axel Mentler, B... more ... Andreas Klik, Werner Jester, Andreas Muhar, Alfred Peinsitt, Nicola Rampazzo, Axel Mentler, Barbara Staudinger, Michael Eder, and Robert Dalmolin ... Good soil cover under small grains planted in fall. 439 This is not a peer-reviewed article. ...
In Ethiopia rill erosion is widely observed on every parcel of agricultural lands, particularly i... more In Ethiopia rill erosion is widely observed on every parcel of agricultural lands, particularly in the Northern part. However, there is lack of information on the spatial formation of rills along the slope that can be used for the planning and design of erosion control measures. The presented investigation was carried out to determine critical rill incision on sandy loam and clay loam soil textures using topographic and soil surface roughness properties. The experiment was conducted from June to August 2007 on 3.5 m wide and 13.5 m long freshly tilled, bare plot at Angereb watershed located in the NE of Tana basin, Ethiopia. The plots have an average slope of 17 % and slope orientation was SW. The total amount of rainfall in July and August was 660 mm. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the plots were compiled with the method of close range photogrammetry (CRP) using a calibrated digital single lens reflex camera with a wide angle lens. To investigate the effect of topographic and mi...
In Österreich sind durch den Anbau von Mais, Zuckerrüben, Sonnenblumen, Sojabohnen und Kartoffeln... more In Österreich sind durch den Anbau von Mais, Zuckerrüben, Sonnenblumen, Sojabohnen und Kartoffeln sowie der Kultivierung von Wein und Obst über 450.000 ha als potenziell erosionsgefährdet anzusehen. Um die Bodenerosion zu verringern, durch die ÖPUL-Fördermaßnahmen (Österreichisches Programm zur umweltgerechten Landwirtschaft) und eine geänderte Denkweise der Landwirte, hervorgerufen durch ökonomischen Druck, aber auch durch ökologische Überlegungen, nehmen bodenschonende Bearbeitungen zu. Die Befahrhäufigkeit
This paper summarizes key findings and identifies the main lessons learnt from a 5-year (2002e200... more This paper summarizes key findings and identifies the main lessons learnt from a 5-year (2002e2008) coordinated research project (CRP) on "Assessing the effectiveness of soil conservation measures for sustainable watershed management and crop production using fallout radionuclides" (D1.50.08), organized and funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency through the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. The project brought together nineteen participants, from
Kenya is one country suffering heavily from land degradation due to increasing anthropogenic pres... more Kenya is one country suffering heavily from land degradation due to increasing anthropogenic pressure on its natural resources. As is common to many tropical countries, Kenya suffers from a lack of financial resources to research, monitor and model sources and outcomes of environmental degradation for large catchment domains. In order to evaluate viable management options, soil erosion modelling at the catchment scale needs to be undertaken. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology that integrates an erosion model, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for estimating soil erosion at Masinga catchment, which is a typical rural catchment in Kenya. The objective of the study was to map the spatial mean annual soil erosion for the Masinga catchment and identify the risk erosion areas. Current land use/cover and management practices and selected, feasible, future management practices were evaluated to determine their effects on...
The study described in this article dealt with the determination and description of matter transp... more The study described in this article dealt with the determination and description of matter transport in the unsaturated zone of the ground and, furthermore, with the delivery of matter into the ground water. The measured water and nitrate flows were balanced and the results compared with the simulation results. Satisfactory agreement was obtained.
Farming intensification has led to a greater use of forage crops to feed cows over winter. This f... more Farming intensification has led to a greater use of forage crops to feed cows over winter. This farming practice is now commonly taking place on rolling to steep land in areas where stock are wintered off-farm, such as Southland and South Otago. While the impacts of forage crop grazing on soil physical properties such as compaction, and overland flow of nutrients, sediment and pathogens have been studied, there is a lack of understanding of how this practice influences soil transport. This study used a novel technique to quantify the rate soil is pushed downslope by the hooves of cows while grazing kale, and found a linear relationship between soil transport and slope for slope gradients of less than 0.25. The steep slope of the linear relationship, which defines the soil transport coefficient, indicates rapid downslope soil movement relative to slope gradient. As a consequence, soil erosion on convex sites occurs at rates that likely exceed soil production rates. The formation of s...
IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120)
Abstract: Soil erosion research is a popular topic in soil science that appears in conjunction wi... more Abstract: Soil erosion research is a popular topic in soil science that appears in conjunction with several other topics like soil and/or water conservation, soil physics,- chemistry and – biology and others. A request for the term “soil erosion ” on CAB abstract CD, dated from January 1992 to January 2001, resulted in 15.531 articles. According to the publication year on average 1.639 articles are published per year. Objective of this paper is to analyze literature of soil erosion research with bibliometric methods and to achieve the following targets: 1) give an overview of the various sub-themes that arise in conjunction with soil erosion research; 2) find potential missing research areas; 3) show co-operations of different science areas and countries. To fulfill these objectives a visualization and analysis tool, called BibTechMon is used. This tool helps to get a quick overview of great amounts of literature, find conceptual interactions and show interactions of content. Result...
We evaluated a laboratory technique to isolate intrinsic processes controlling pesticide partitio... more We evaluated a laboratory technique to isolate intrinsic processes controlling pesticide partitioning between infiltration, runoff and sediment. The laboratory technique provided controlled test conditions and reproducible results on processes affecting partitioning of rainfall, runoff, and pesticides at the soil surface, and sediment and pesticide transport. Atrazine and chlorpyrifos half-life values determined prior to simulating rainfall from corresponding concentrations in the 0-1 cm soil layer were 30 and 10 d. Atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D concentrations remaining in the 0-1 cm surface layer decreased logarithmically with rainfall duration. Atrazine and 2,4-D concentrations in the 0-1 cm layer were positively correlated with those associated with splash (S), runoff (R), and sediment yield (E) (R =0.69-0.99). Relationships for all pesticide concentrations in the 0-1 cm layer and infiltration (INF) were negatively correlated. Relatively poor correlations (R =0.10-0.63) were ...
The availability of electronic components made the development of a "tailor made" data ... more The availability of electronic components made the development of a "tailor made" data aquisition system for long term observations with a reasonable effort possible. The information chain, beginning with the ineraction of sensors and data logger till the final results are available at the desk is pointed out. Two field sites are described to illustrate the use of the observation system.
In Ethiopia, soil salinity has become a challenge for agricultural production in irrigated arid a... more In Ethiopia, soil salinity has become a challenge for agricultural production in irrigated arid and semi-arid areas. This research investigates the effectiveness of leaching salt remediation under different soil textures and groundwater tables. Leaching was conducted in the bare parts of three abandoned saline fields. Soil texture of Field 1 (F1) is sandy loam while Field 2 (F2) and Field 3 (F3) are clay loam. The F1, F2, and F3 groundwater was located at 1.8, 1.5 and > 3 m, respectively. The leaching requirement water levels were 15, 20, 25, and 30% higher than the evaporation of the bare field needed for four consecutive weeks, respectively. The results of this study show that, after four days of leaching, the salinity of F1 with sandy loam texture was significantly (P < 0.05) and more strongly reduced than for the other fields exhibiting clay loam texture. For F1, salinity was reduced from 16.3 to 6.2 dS/m and from 12.4 to 5.5 dS/m at depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm, respective...
The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) has aggravated salinity-related problems in semi-arid ir... more The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) has aggravated salinity-related problems in semi-arid irrigation areas of the Awash river basin, Ethiopia. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of potential remediation crops on saline soil and their effectiveness for remediating soil salinity and improving pH, SOC, bulk density (BD) and hydraulic conductivity (HyCo). Rhodes grass (RHG), alfalfa (ALF), sudangrass (SUG) and blue panicgrass (Retz) (BPG) were grown in saline (3–13.9 dS/m) field plots. The crop biomass was incorporated into the soil immediately before flowering. The results show that at high soil salinity levels, BPG and SUG grew well, with the harvesting frequency of BPG being much higher than for SUG. Conversely, the growth of ALF and RHG was strongly inhibited by high soil salinity. Significant (P < 0.05) reduction of soil salinity levels (–3.2 dS/m) and related ionic concentrations, an increase of SOC (0.8% to 1.6%) and improvement of BD and HyCo were observed in...
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 2001
The objective of this work is to investigate effects of rainfall intensity, slope steepness and s... more The objective of this work is to investigate effects of rainfall intensity, slope steepness and soil surface condition on soil detachment and transport. All experiments were conducted in the laboratory using programmable rainfall simulation troughs equipped with oscillating nozzles. Interrill soil erosion experiments were conducted in Austria for six different soils. Sediment transport processes in a rill channel were studied for an Ava silt loam at the NSERL, USA. Experiments were conducted for different soil hydrologic conditions, rainfall intensities and slope steepness. Data showed the importance of raindrop impact as well as slope steepness, hydrologic conditions, and their complex interactions on erosion processes from interrill and rill areas.
Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 23-25 July 2006, Orlando Florida
... Andreas Klik, Werner Jester, Andreas Muhar, Alfred Peinsitt, Nicola Rampazzo, Axel Mentler, B... more ... Andreas Klik, Werner Jester, Andreas Muhar, Alfred Peinsitt, Nicola Rampazzo, Axel Mentler, Barbara Staudinger, Michael Eder, and Robert Dalmolin ... Good soil cover under small grains planted in fall. 439 This is not a peer-reviewed article. ...
In Ethiopia rill erosion is widely observed on every parcel of agricultural lands, particularly i... more In Ethiopia rill erosion is widely observed on every parcel of agricultural lands, particularly in the Northern part. However, there is lack of information on the spatial formation of rills along the slope that can be used for the planning and design of erosion control measures. The presented investigation was carried out to determine critical rill incision on sandy loam and clay loam soil textures using topographic and soil surface roughness properties. The experiment was conducted from June to August 2007 on 3.5 m wide and 13.5 m long freshly tilled, bare plot at Angereb watershed located in the NE of Tana basin, Ethiopia. The plots have an average slope of 17 % and slope orientation was SW. The total amount of rainfall in July and August was 660 mm. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the plots were compiled with the method of close range photogrammetry (CRP) using a calibrated digital single lens reflex camera with a wide angle lens. To investigate the effect of topographic and mi...
In Österreich sind durch den Anbau von Mais, Zuckerrüben, Sonnenblumen, Sojabohnen und Kartoffeln... more In Österreich sind durch den Anbau von Mais, Zuckerrüben, Sonnenblumen, Sojabohnen und Kartoffeln sowie der Kultivierung von Wein und Obst über 450.000 ha als potenziell erosionsgefährdet anzusehen. Um die Bodenerosion zu verringern, durch die ÖPUL-Fördermaßnahmen (Österreichisches Programm zur umweltgerechten Landwirtschaft) und eine geänderte Denkweise der Landwirte, hervorgerufen durch ökonomischen Druck, aber auch durch ökologische Überlegungen, nehmen bodenschonende Bearbeitungen zu. Die Befahrhäufigkeit
This paper summarizes key findings and identifies the main lessons learnt from a 5-year (2002e200... more This paper summarizes key findings and identifies the main lessons learnt from a 5-year (2002e2008) coordinated research project (CRP) on "Assessing the effectiveness of soil conservation measures for sustainable watershed management and crop production using fallout radionuclides" (D1.50.08), organized and funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency through the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. The project brought together nineteen participants, from
Kenya is one country suffering heavily from land degradation due to increasing anthropogenic pres... more Kenya is one country suffering heavily from land degradation due to increasing anthropogenic pressure on its natural resources. As is common to many tropical countries, Kenya suffers from a lack of financial resources to research, monitor and model sources and outcomes of environmental degradation for large catchment domains. In order to evaluate viable management options, soil erosion modelling at the catchment scale needs to be undertaken. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology that integrates an erosion model, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for estimating soil erosion at Masinga catchment, which is a typical rural catchment in Kenya. The objective of the study was to map the spatial mean annual soil erosion for the Masinga catchment and identify the risk erosion areas. Current land use/cover and management practices and selected, feasible, future management practices were evaluated to determine their effects on...
The study described in this article dealt with the determination and description of matter transp... more The study described in this article dealt with the determination and description of matter transport in the unsaturated zone of the ground and, furthermore, with the delivery of matter into the ground water. The measured water and nitrate flows were balanced and the results compared with the simulation results. Satisfactory agreement was obtained.
Farming intensification has led to a greater use of forage crops to feed cows over winter. This f... more Farming intensification has led to a greater use of forage crops to feed cows over winter. This farming practice is now commonly taking place on rolling to steep land in areas where stock are wintered off-farm, such as Southland and South Otago. While the impacts of forage crop grazing on soil physical properties such as compaction, and overland flow of nutrients, sediment and pathogens have been studied, there is a lack of understanding of how this practice influences soil transport. This study used a novel technique to quantify the rate soil is pushed downslope by the hooves of cows while grazing kale, and found a linear relationship between soil transport and slope for slope gradients of less than 0.25. The steep slope of the linear relationship, which defines the soil transport coefficient, indicates rapid downslope soil movement relative to slope gradient. As a consequence, soil erosion on convex sites occurs at rates that likely exceed soil production rates. The formation of s...
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