The project aims at the determination of an effective arrhythmia classification algorithm using t... more The project aims at the determination of an effective arrhythmia classification algorithm using the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) signal. HRV signal is nothing but the RR interval in an ECG signal. The method is based on the Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) feature reduction technique and the Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network classifier. At first, nine linear and nonlinear features are extracted from the HRV signals and then these features are reduced to only three by GDA. Finally, the MLP neural network is used to classify the HRV signals. The proposed Arrhythmia classification method is applied to input HRV signals, obtained from the MIT-BIH databases. Here, four types of the most life threatening cardiac arrhythmias including left bundle branch block, fist degree heart block, Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and ventricular trigeminy can be discriminated by MLP and reduced features with the accuracy of 100%.
The proposed paper present the development procedure for segmenting wrist bones commencing left h... more The proposed paper present the development procedure for segmenting wrist bones commencing left hand wrist radiographs, which might exist more worn in estimating the skinny adulthood or bone age. Bone Age evaluation is a process used in the organization and analysis of endocrine disorders. It as well serves as a suggestion of the therapeutic consequence of behavior. It is of a great deal consequence in pediatric medicine in the finding of hormonal development or yet genetic disorders. The input radiographs are first preprocessed to remove noise using a Gaussian filter and then grayscale converted. Edge detection is done using canny edge detector. For Carpal Region of Interest analysis, bone removal is approved out by integrating anatomical information of the hand and trigonometric concepts; while a Tanner and Whitehouse method -phase task is achieved by combining the inclined vector flow Snakes and the imitative distinction of Gaussian filter. For Metaphyses Region of Interest study, image-processing methods and geometrical characteristic investigation, based on the dissimilarity of Gaussian, are proposed. The Region of Interest can be further used in feature extraction and classification to estimate the bone age. The Iterative Dichotomiser 3 classifier is used to classify the bones. The structure is validated by means of a statistics set of 50 images, 25 boys and 25 girls, and the results are discussed.
Microarray imaging is considered an important tool for large scale analysis of gene expression. T... more Microarray imaging is considered an important tool for large scale analysis of gene expression. The accuracy of the gene expression depends on the experiment itself and further image processing. It's well known that the noises introduced during the experiment will greatly affect the accuracy of the gene expression. How to eliminate the effect of the noise constitutes a challenging problem in microarray analysis. Traditionally, statistical methods are used to estimate the noises while the microarray images are being processed. A SWT approach is deal with the noise inherent in the microarray image processing procedure. That is, to denoise the image noises before further image processing using Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). The time invariant characteristic of SWT is particularly useful in image denoising. The testing result on sample microarray images has shown an enhanced image quality. The results also show that it has a better performance than conventional discrete wavelet transform and widely used adaptive Wiener filter.
Today's research on image in internet, security of images and videos became an important problem.... more Today's research on image in internet, security of images and videos became an important problem. This manuscript designs an image encryption algorithm. We recommend a new image secured algorithm using a large pseudorandom permutation which is combinatorial generated from small permutation matrices based on chaotic maps. We are using longer pseudorandom bits for encryptions. The random-like nature of chaos is effectively spread into encrypted images by using the permutation matrix. This shows that the proposed encryption scheme provides comparable security with that of the conventional image encryption schemes based on Baker map or Logistic map.
The advancement of transfer technology and sharing of digital data has made of the protection of ... more The advancement of transfer technology and sharing of digital data has made of the protection of intellectual property a pressing need. The concept of digital watermarking was emerged as a solution to this problem. This new technology involves inserting a mark in the image (watermark), which characterizes the owner. The insertion can be done in a different manner depending on the length of the message to be inserted and the desired robustness. In this paper we will simulate some watermarking algorithms and their resistance during extraction of the mark, to two types of attacks (Gaussian noise, rotation 90 °) , subjected to the watermarked image while providing the experimental results and the difference between each of these algorithms.
A new mechanism proposes the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for recognizing handwr... more A new mechanism proposes the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for recognizing handwritten isolated digits and also presents new techniques for to extract digits from scanned digits images. Remove the slope and slant from handwritten isolated digits and normalize the size of Digit images with our proposed methods. Experiments have been conducted on handwritten isolated digits and the achieved recognizing rates up to 99%.
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a peer-to-peer wireless network. They are selfconfiguring, capab... more Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a peer-to-peer wireless network. They are selfconfiguring, capable of self-directed operation and hastily deployable. In MANET nodes communicate with each other without the use of topology. Nodes are itinerant, topology can be very dynamic and nodes must be able to relay traffic because corresponding nodes might be out of range. The dynamic nature of MANET makes network open to attacks and unreliability. Routing is always the most noteworthy element for any networks. Node misbehaviour due to selfish or malicious intention could significantly degrade the performance of MANET. We focus on trust management framework, which is intended to cope with misbehaviour problem of node and increase the performance of MANETs. A trust-based system can be used to track this misbehaving of nodes, spot them and isolate them from routing and provide reliability. In this paper a Trust Based Reliable AODV [TBRAODV] protocol is presented which implements a trust value for each node. For every node trust value is calculated and based trust value nodes are allowed to participate in routing or else identified to become a misbehaving node. This augments reliability in AODV routing and results in increase of PDR, decrease in delay and maintains throughput. This work is implemented and simulated on NS-2.
In recent times, oil monitoring and exploration activities have gained importance considering the... more In recent times, oil monitoring and exploration activities have gained importance considering the fact that in India alone, the oil import is 62 percent of the total imports. Thus seismic technology is being developed and used to get better estimate of the oil prospects.
Game playing is an interesting aspect of computer systems and there are many algorithms being pro... more Game playing is an interesting aspect of computer systems and there are many algorithms being proposed and developed in this area. Evaluation of these techniques becomes a very crucial task in game playing. This paper studies the respective performance of various popular heuristic techniques against the Awale shareware and compares their results against each other.
The communication in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is multi-hop in nature i.e. each node relays ... more The communication in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is multi-hop in nature i.e. each node relays data packets of other nodes by spending its own resources such as battery power, processing speed and bandwidth etc. Ideally each node in MANET is supposed to perform this community service truthfully but in reality some nodes may try to disrupt the normal functioning of the network. The reasons for the same may be low residual battery power or rogue intention of a node. This paper is an effort to study the impact of malicious nodes concentration on MANET performance on three routing protocols i.e. AODV, DYMO and DSR by using QualNet as simulation tool. The results show that as the concentration of malicious nodes in the range of 30 to 40 % the impact on the performance metrics is maximum.
The wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G cellular mobile wireless networks are... more The wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G cellular mobile wireless networks are expected to provide a diverse range of multimedia services to mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To serve diverse quality of service requirements of these networks it necessitates new radio resource management strategies for effective utilization of network resources with coding schemes. In this paper coverage area for voice traffic and with different modulation techniques, coding schemes and decision decoder are discussed. These discussions are to improve the coverage area in the mobile communication system. This paper is mainly focuses on coverage area of WCDMA system using link budget calculation with different modulation, coding schemes and decision decoder. Simulation results demonstrate coverage extension for voice service with different modulation,coding scheme, soft and hard decision decoder using appropriate Bit error rate (BER) to maintain QoS of the voice.
Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that are communicate other nodes (router)... more Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that are communicate other nodes (router) without using access point, infrastructure . Mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous system that means no need for depaentd other nodes it have own capability to handle and controlling all funcitionlity, to sending and receiving all information form one device to other device. MANET has power full feature that controlling itself by dynamic nature, multihop,low power and configuration of the system. In this paper we analyzing, simulation and implements the TC messages and HELLO Message by MPR of OLSR routing performance checked at 200 nodes on Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator. In Qualnet simulator to simulate and implement the performance of OLSR routing protocols takes various performance metrics like hello message sent (HMS) , hello message received (HMR), TC message generated (TCMG), TC message replied (TCMR), TC messages received on Constant Bit Rate (CBR) using random waypoint model. In this paper check the performance OLSR routing protocol gives effective performance for lage networks.
Mathematicians agree that encrypted modalities are an interesting new topic in the field of softw... more Mathematicians agree that encrypted modalities are an interesting new topic in the field of software engineering, and systems engineers concur. In our research, we proved the deployment of consistent hashing, which embodies the intuitive principles of algorithms. Our focus in our research is not on whether the World Wide Web and SMPs are largely incompatible, but rather on presenting an analysis of interrupts (BookyScholia). Experiences with such solution and active networks disconfirm that access points and cache coherence can synchronize to realize this mission. W woulde show that performance in BookyScholia is not an obstacle. The characteristics of BookyScholia, in relation to those of more seminal systems, are famously more natural. Finally,we would focus our efforts on validating that the UNIVAC computer can be made probabilistic, cooperative, and scalable.
This paper presents a method combining encryption and watermarking for secure images transfer. Th... more This paper presents a method combining encryption and watermarking for secure images transfer. The proposed solution gives access to the outcomes of the image integrity and of its origins as its attachment to one user even if the image is stored encrypted. This method is based on the combination of encryption algorithms publicprivate keys and secret keys, and watermarking. The algorithm for image encryption uses a secret key. We encrypt the secret key with an asymmetric algorithm. This encrypted secret key is then inserted into the encrypted image using watermark algorithm.
Rate for different signal to noise ratio, also compare the proposed scheme with standard LMS chan... more Rate for different signal to noise ratio, also compare the proposed scheme with standard LMS channel estimation method
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a factor which limits the bit rate of the optical transmiss... more Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a factor which limits the bit rate of the optical transmissions. The PMD is such an effect which is time broadening due to the dependence of the group velocity to the signal polarization. The deformation effects of the impulses become considerable from 40 Gb/s. This paper, we reviews the degrade PMD effect in the telecommunications optical connections to high bit rate, due to the evolution of quality factor (Q) according to the fiber length, bit rate and PMD coefficient , well as the impact PMD on the degree of polarization and electrical power, we discuss also the representation of the polarization state and PMD vector on the Poincare sphere.
The project aims at the determination of an effective arrhythmia classification algorithm using t... more The project aims at the determination of an effective arrhythmia classification algorithm using the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) signal. HRV signal is nothing but the RR interval in an ECG signal. The method is based on the Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) feature reduction technique and the Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network classifier. At first, nine linear and nonlinear features are extracted from the HRV signals and then these features are reduced to only three by GDA. Finally, the MLP neural network is used to classify the HRV signals. The proposed Arrhythmia classification method is applied to input HRV signals, obtained from the MIT-BIH databases. Here, four types of the most life threatening cardiac arrhythmias including left bundle branch block, fist degree heart block, Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and ventricular trigeminy can be discriminated by MLP and reduced features with the accuracy of 100%.
The proposed paper present the development procedure for segmenting wrist bones commencing left h... more The proposed paper present the development procedure for segmenting wrist bones commencing left hand wrist radiographs, which might exist more worn in estimating the skinny adulthood or bone age. Bone Age evaluation is a process used in the organization and analysis of endocrine disorders. It as well serves as a suggestion of the therapeutic consequence of behavior. It is of a great deal consequence in pediatric medicine in the finding of hormonal development or yet genetic disorders. The input radiographs are first preprocessed to remove noise using a Gaussian filter and then grayscale converted. Edge detection is done using canny edge detector. For Carpal Region of Interest analysis, bone removal is approved out by integrating anatomical information of the hand and trigonometric concepts; while a Tanner and Whitehouse method -phase task is achieved by combining the inclined vector flow Snakes and the imitative distinction of Gaussian filter. For Metaphyses Region of Interest study, image-processing methods and geometrical characteristic investigation, based on the dissimilarity of Gaussian, are proposed. The Region of Interest can be further used in feature extraction and classification to estimate the bone age. The Iterative Dichotomiser 3 classifier is used to classify the bones. The structure is validated by means of a statistics set of 50 images, 25 boys and 25 girls, and the results are discussed.
Microarray imaging is considered an important tool for large scale analysis of gene expression. T... more Microarray imaging is considered an important tool for large scale analysis of gene expression. The accuracy of the gene expression depends on the experiment itself and further image processing. It's well known that the noises introduced during the experiment will greatly affect the accuracy of the gene expression. How to eliminate the effect of the noise constitutes a challenging problem in microarray analysis. Traditionally, statistical methods are used to estimate the noises while the microarray images are being processed. A SWT approach is deal with the noise inherent in the microarray image processing procedure. That is, to denoise the image noises before further image processing using Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). The time invariant characteristic of SWT is particularly useful in image denoising. The testing result on sample microarray images has shown an enhanced image quality. The results also show that it has a better performance than conventional discrete wavelet transform and widely used adaptive Wiener filter.
Today's research on image in internet, security of images and videos became an important problem.... more Today's research on image in internet, security of images and videos became an important problem. This manuscript designs an image encryption algorithm. We recommend a new image secured algorithm using a large pseudorandom permutation which is combinatorial generated from small permutation matrices based on chaotic maps. We are using longer pseudorandom bits for encryptions. The random-like nature of chaos is effectively spread into encrypted images by using the permutation matrix. This shows that the proposed encryption scheme provides comparable security with that of the conventional image encryption schemes based on Baker map or Logistic map.
The advancement of transfer technology and sharing of digital data has made of the protection of ... more The advancement of transfer technology and sharing of digital data has made of the protection of intellectual property a pressing need. The concept of digital watermarking was emerged as a solution to this problem. This new technology involves inserting a mark in the image (watermark), which characterizes the owner. The insertion can be done in a different manner depending on the length of the message to be inserted and the desired robustness. In this paper we will simulate some watermarking algorithms and their resistance during extraction of the mark, to two types of attacks (Gaussian noise, rotation 90 °) , subjected to the watermarked image while providing the experimental results and the difference between each of these algorithms.
A new mechanism proposes the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for recognizing handwr... more A new mechanism proposes the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for recognizing handwritten isolated digits and also presents new techniques for to extract digits from scanned digits images. Remove the slope and slant from handwritten isolated digits and normalize the size of Digit images with our proposed methods. Experiments have been conducted on handwritten isolated digits and the achieved recognizing rates up to 99%.
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a peer-to-peer wireless network. They are selfconfiguring, capab... more Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a peer-to-peer wireless network. They are selfconfiguring, capable of self-directed operation and hastily deployable. In MANET nodes communicate with each other without the use of topology. Nodes are itinerant, topology can be very dynamic and nodes must be able to relay traffic because corresponding nodes might be out of range. The dynamic nature of MANET makes network open to attacks and unreliability. Routing is always the most noteworthy element for any networks. Node misbehaviour due to selfish or malicious intention could significantly degrade the performance of MANET. We focus on trust management framework, which is intended to cope with misbehaviour problem of node and increase the performance of MANETs. A trust-based system can be used to track this misbehaving of nodes, spot them and isolate them from routing and provide reliability. In this paper a Trust Based Reliable AODV [TBRAODV] protocol is presented which implements a trust value for each node. For every node trust value is calculated and based trust value nodes are allowed to participate in routing or else identified to become a misbehaving node. This augments reliability in AODV routing and results in increase of PDR, decrease in delay and maintains throughput. This work is implemented and simulated on NS-2.
In recent times, oil monitoring and exploration activities have gained importance considering the... more In recent times, oil monitoring and exploration activities have gained importance considering the fact that in India alone, the oil import is 62 percent of the total imports. Thus seismic technology is being developed and used to get better estimate of the oil prospects.
Game playing is an interesting aspect of computer systems and there are many algorithms being pro... more Game playing is an interesting aspect of computer systems and there are many algorithms being proposed and developed in this area. Evaluation of these techniques becomes a very crucial task in game playing. This paper studies the respective performance of various popular heuristic techniques against the Awale shareware and compares their results against each other.
The communication in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is multi-hop in nature i.e. each node relays ... more The communication in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is multi-hop in nature i.e. each node relays data packets of other nodes by spending its own resources such as battery power, processing speed and bandwidth etc. Ideally each node in MANET is supposed to perform this community service truthfully but in reality some nodes may try to disrupt the normal functioning of the network. The reasons for the same may be low residual battery power or rogue intention of a node. This paper is an effort to study the impact of malicious nodes concentration on MANET performance on three routing protocols i.e. AODV, DYMO and DSR by using QualNet as simulation tool. The results show that as the concentration of malicious nodes in the range of 30 to 40 % the impact on the performance metrics is maximum.
The wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G cellular mobile wireless networks are... more The wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G cellular mobile wireless networks are expected to provide a diverse range of multimedia services to mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To serve diverse quality of service requirements of these networks it necessitates new radio resource management strategies for effective utilization of network resources with coding schemes. In this paper coverage area for voice traffic and with different modulation techniques, coding schemes and decision decoder are discussed. These discussions are to improve the coverage area in the mobile communication system. This paper is mainly focuses on coverage area of WCDMA system using link budget calculation with different modulation, coding schemes and decision decoder. Simulation results demonstrate coverage extension for voice service with different modulation,coding scheme, soft and hard decision decoder using appropriate Bit error rate (BER) to maintain QoS of the voice.
Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that are communicate other nodes (router)... more Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that are communicate other nodes (router) without using access point, infrastructure . Mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous system that means no need for depaentd other nodes it have own capability to handle and controlling all funcitionlity, to sending and receiving all information form one device to other device. MANET has power full feature that controlling itself by dynamic nature, multihop,low power and configuration of the system. In this paper we analyzing, simulation and implements the TC messages and HELLO Message by MPR of OLSR routing performance checked at 200 nodes on Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator. In Qualnet simulator to simulate and implement the performance of OLSR routing protocols takes various performance metrics like hello message sent (HMS) , hello message received (HMR), TC message generated (TCMG), TC message replied (TCMR), TC messages received on Constant Bit Rate (CBR) using random waypoint model. In this paper check the performance OLSR routing protocol gives effective performance for lage networks.
Mathematicians agree that encrypted modalities are an interesting new topic in the field of softw... more Mathematicians agree that encrypted modalities are an interesting new topic in the field of software engineering, and systems engineers concur. In our research, we proved the deployment of consistent hashing, which embodies the intuitive principles of algorithms. Our focus in our research is not on whether the World Wide Web and SMPs are largely incompatible, but rather on presenting an analysis of interrupts (BookyScholia). Experiences with such solution and active networks disconfirm that access points and cache coherence can synchronize to realize this mission. W woulde show that performance in BookyScholia is not an obstacle. The characteristics of BookyScholia, in relation to those of more seminal systems, are famously more natural. Finally,we would focus our efforts on validating that the UNIVAC computer can be made probabilistic, cooperative, and scalable.
This paper presents a method combining encryption and watermarking for secure images transfer. Th... more This paper presents a method combining encryption and watermarking for secure images transfer. The proposed solution gives access to the outcomes of the image integrity and of its origins as its attachment to one user even if the image is stored encrypted. This method is based on the combination of encryption algorithms publicprivate keys and secret keys, and watermarking. The algorithm for image encryption uses a secret key. We encrypt the secret key with an asymmetric algorithm. This encrypted secret key is then inserted into the encrypted image using watermark algorithm.
Rate for different signal to noise ratio, also compare the proposed scheme with standard LMS chan... more Rate for different signal to noise ratio, also compare the proposed scheme with standard LMS channel estimation method
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a factor which limits the bit rate of the optical transmiss... more Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a factor which limits the bit rate of the optical transmissions. The PMD is such an effect which is time broadening due to the dependence of the group velocity to the signal polarization. The deformation effects of the impulses become considerable from 40 Gb/s. This paper, we reviews the degrade PMD effect in the telecommunications optical connections to high bit rate, due to the evolution of quality factor (Q) according to the fiber length, bit rate and PMD coefficient , well as the impact PMD on the degree of polarization and electrical power, we discuss also the representation of the polarization state and PMD vector on the Poincare sphere.
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