Papers by Aanandi Lal Jat
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2018
An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Castor-Mustard Research S... more An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Castor-Mustard Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar in the north-Gujarat agro-climatic region. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 5 irrigation scheduling assigned to main plots and 3 hydrogel levels were allocated in sub-plot and replicated thrice. Irrigation scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of siliquae/plant, number of seeds/siliqua and seed yield (2539 kg/ha) of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Similarly, oil yield (945.8 kg/ ha), monetary returns, production efficiency (19.7 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (560.4 `/ha/day) were also recorded higher with the irrigation scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE over rest of the treatments. Water productivity (8.66 kg/ha-mm) was the highest under irrigation scheduled at 0.6 IW/CPE as compared to remaining treatments. Among the hydrogel levels growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield and oil yield improved with increasing level of hydrogel up to 5.0 kg/ha. The enhanced yield with 5.0 kg/ha hydrogel also resulted in higher production efficiency (15.0 kg/ha/day) and water productivity (8.46 kg/ha-mm).
A field experiment was conducted during the 2 rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons (2012–14) ... more A field experiment was conducted during the 2 rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons (2012–14) on sandyclay-loam soil at Varanasi, to study the effect of crop-establishment methods and integrated nitrogen management on productivity of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, comprising crop-establishment methods (normal transplanting and system of rice intensification) and 2 hybrids (‘PHB 71’ and ‘Arize 6444’) in combination as main plot and 6 integrated nitrogen-management practices [100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 125% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), 50% RDN + 50% N through farmyard manure (FYM), 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum, 100% N through FYM and No fertilizer)] as subplot treatments, replicated thrice. System of rice intensification (SRI) improved the growth attributes, viz. plant height, number of tillers, dry-matter accumulation, and increased the grain yield by 14.7% over normal transplanting (5.69 t/ha) and recorded significantly higher net monetary returns and output: input ratio over normal transplanting. Rice hybrid, ‘Arize 6444’ showed significantly higher growth attributes, grain yield, economic return/day and net return with output: input ratio. Integrated N management with 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum resulted in high growth, yield, crop productivity, return/day and net returns. However output: input ratio were recorded higher with 125% RDN followed by 100% RDN. Residual effect of preceding experimental variables particularly normal transplanting, hybrid ‘PHB 71’ and application of 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded the highest number of effective tillers, grains/ear 1, 000-seed weight and grain and straw yield of succeeding wheat.
The amount of carbon in the soil is a direct indication of good quality of soil. Higher carbon st... more The amount of carbon in the soil is a direct indication of good quality of soil. Higher carbon stocks have a direct correlation with increased agricultural yields through improved soil health. In the current scenario of climate change and global warming, much of carbon in atmosphere has to be sequestrated into soil carbon pool so that increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and resulting warming could be reduced. Biochar is a solid material obtained from thermal decomposition of organic materials, in the process much of the carbon becomes “fixed” into a more stable form, and when the resulting biochar is applied to soils, the atmospheric carbon is effectively sequestered and soil carbon pool is increased, making soil of a good quality. Thus, the use of biochar can be a simple yet powerful tool to combat climate change by sequestering much of atmospheric carbon into soil as well as providing an opportunity for the processing of agricultural and other waste into useful clean energy.
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Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family,... more Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family, contributes beyond 33% of human dietary proteins. The advent of the global food crisis owing to major climatic concerns leads to nutritional deprivation, hunger and hidden hunger especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Hence, in the wake of promoting sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, apart from the popular legumes, the inclusion of lesser-known and understudied local crop legumes called orphan legumes in the farming systems of various tropical and subtropical parts of the world is indeed a need of the hour. Despite possessing tremendous potentialities, wide adaptability under diverse environmental conditions, and rich in nutritional and nutraceutical values, these species are still in a neglected and devalued state. Therefore, a major re-focusing of legume genetics, genomics, and biology is much crucial in pursuance of understanding the yield constraints, and endorsing underutilized legume breeding programs. Varying degrees of importance to these crops do exist among researchers of developing countries in establishing the role of orphan legumes as future crops. Under such circumstances, this article assembles a comprehensive note on the necessity of promoting these crops for further investigations and sustainable legume production, the exploitation of various orphan legume species and their potencies. In addition, an attempt has been made to highlight various novel genetic, molecular, and omics approaches for the improvement of such legumes for enhancing yield, minimizing the level of several anti-nutritional factors, and imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. A significant genetic enhancement through extensive research in 'omics' areas is the absolute necessity to transform them into befitting candidates for large-scale popularization around the globe.
Planta
Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family,... more Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family, contributes beyond 33% of human dietary proteins. The advent of the global food crisis owing to major climatic concerns leads to nutritional deprivation, hunger and hidden hunger especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Hence, in the wake of promoting sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, apart from the popular legumes, the inclusion of lesser-known and understudied local crop legumes called orphan legumes in the farming systems of various tropical and subtropical parts of the world is indeed a need of the hour. Despite possessing tremendous potentialities, wide adaptability under diverse environmental conditions, and rich in nutritional and nutraceutical values, these species are still in a neglected and devalued state. Therefore, a major re-focusing of legume genetics, genomics, and biology is much crucial in pursuance of understanding the yield constraints, and endorsing underutilized legume breeding programs. Varying degrees of importance to these crops do exist among researchers of developing countries in establishing the role of orphan legumes as future crops. Under such circumstances, this article assembles a comprehensive note on the necessity of promoting these crops for further investigations and sustainable legume production, the exploitation of various orphan legume species and their potencies. In addition, an attempt has been made to highlight various novel genetic, molecular, and omics approaches for the improvement of such legumes for enhancing yield, minimizing the level of several anti-nutritional factors, and imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. A significant genetic enhancement through extensive research in 'omics' areas is the absolute necessity to transform them into befitting candidates for large-scale popularization around the globe.
Planta
Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family,... more Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family, contributes beyond 33% of human dietary proteins. The advent of the global food crisis owing to major climatic concerns leads to nutritional deprivation, hunger and hidden hunger especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Hence, in the wake of promoting sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, apart from the popular legumes, the inclusion of lesser-known and understudied local crop legumes called orphan legumes in the farming systems of various tropical and subtropical parts of the world is indeed a need of the hour. Despite possessing tremendous potentialities, wide adaptability under diverse environmental conditions, and rich in nutritional and nutraceutical values, these species are still in a neglected and devalued state. Therefore, a major re-focusing of legume genetics, genomics, and biology is much crucial in pursuance of understanding the yield constraints, and endorsing underutilized legume breeding programs. Varying degrees of importance to these crops do exist among researchers of developing countries in establishing the role of orphan legumes as future crops. Under such circumstances, this article assembles a comprehensive note on the necessity of promoting these crops for further investigations and sustainable legume production, the exploitation of various orphan legume species and their potencies. In addition, an attempt has been made to highlight various novel genetic, molecular, and omics approaches for the improvement of such legumes for enhancing yield, minimizing the level of several anti-nutritional factors, and imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. A significant genetic enhancement through extensive research in 'omics' areas is the absolute necessity to transform them into befitting candidates for large-scale popularization around the globe.
Journal of Oilseeds Research, 2022
and identified for release as Gujarat Mustard 6 (Banas Sona) for Gujarat state. The genotype SKM ... more and identified for release as Gujarat Mustard 6 (Banas Sona) for Gujarat state. The genotype SKM 1328 was identified owing to its superior performance in preliminary yield trial conducted at Sardarkrushinagar during 2013-14. It was evaluated in multi location trials from 2014-15 to 2018-19, simultaneously it was screened against aphid and powdery mildew under late sown epiphytotic conditions at Sardarkrushinagar. Under AICRP trial, it was tested under Initial Varietal Trial (Timely sown, irrigated) at four different centres of zone IV in the year 2017-18. The mean seed yield of GM 6 (Banas Sona) variety under timely sown irrigated condition in Gujarat state was 2541 kg/ha with an increase of 14.20, 13.98 and 11.94 per cent over the check varieties Kranti, GM 3 and GDM 4, respectively. Under limited irrigation conditions, GM 6 recorded 1758 kg/ha of seed yield which was 8.85, 27.21, 9.85 and 17.75 per cent higher over the check varieties Kranti, GM 1, GM 3 and GDM 4, respectively. It was also found superior in quality traits. It recorded high oil content (38.89 %) with oil yield of 988 kg/ha which was 20.34, 24.75 and 15.02 per cent higher as compared to the check varieties Kranti, GM 3 and GDM 4, correspondingly. Besides, it also possessed comparatively high oleic acid (12.51%) than the check varieties. It has higher 1000 seed weight (5.66 g) as compared to all three checks except GM 3 which recorded 5.72 g 1000 seed weight. Considering the average seed yield in irrigated as well as limited irrigated condition and quality of the genotype SKM 1328, it was proposed and identified for release as Gujarat Mustard 6 (Banas Sona) for general cultivation by mustard growing farmers of Gujarat state.
A new high yielding and high oil content Indian mustard variety 'GM 6' (Banas Sona) recommended for Gujarat state, 2021
and identified for release as Gujarat Mustard 6 (Banas Sona) for Gujarat state. The genotype SKM ... more and identified for release as Gujarat Mustard 6 (Banas Sona) for Gujarat state. The genotype SKM 1328 was identified owing to its superior performance in preliminary yield trial conducted at Sardarkrushinagar during 2013-14. It was evaluated in multi location trials from 2014-15 to 2018-19, simultaneously it was screened against aphid and powdery mildew under late sown epiphytotic conditions at Sardarkrushinagar. Under AICRP trial, it was tested under Initial Varietal Trial (Timely sown, irrigated) at four different centres of zone IV in the year 2017-18. The mean seed yield of GM 6 (Banas Sona) variety under timely sown irrigated condition in Gujarat state was 2541 kg/ha with an increase of 14.20, 13.98 and 11.94 per cent over the check varieties Kranti, GM 3 and GDM 4, respectively. Under limited irrigation conditions, GM 6 recorded 1758 kg/ha of seed yield which was 8.85, 27.21, 9.85 and 17.75 per cent higher over the check varieties Kranti, GM 1, GM 3 and GDM 4, respectively. It was also found superior in quality traits. It recorded high oil content (38.89 %) with oil yield of 988 kg/ha which was 20.34, 24.75 and 15.02 per cent higher as compared to the check varieties Kranti, GM 3 and GDM 4, correspondingly. Besides, it also possessed comparatively high oleic acid (12.51%) than the check varieties. It has higher 1000 seed weight (5.66 g) as compared to all three checks except GM 3 which recorded 5.72 g 1000 seed weight. Considering the average seed yield in irrigated as well as limited irrigated condition and quality of the genotype SKM 1328, it was proposed and identified for release as Gujarat Mustard 6 (Banas Sona) for general cultivation by mustard growing farmers of Gujarat state.
Production potential, water productivity and economic feasibility of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) under deficit and adequate irrigation scheduling with hydrogel, 2018
An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Castor-Mustard Research S... more An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Castor-Mustard Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar in the north-Gujarat agro-climatic region. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 5 irrigation scheduling assigned to main plots and 3 hydrogel levels were allocated in sub-plot and replicated thrice. Irrigation scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of siliquae/plant, number of seeds/siliqua and seed yield (2539 kg/ha) of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Similarly, oil yield (945.8 kg/ ha), monetary returns, production efficiency (19.7 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (560.4 `/ha/day) were also recorded higher with the irrigation scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE over rest of the treatments. Water productivity (8.66 kg/ha-mm) was the highest under irrigation scheduled at 0.6 IW/CPE as compared to remaining treatments. Among the hydrogel levels growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield and oil yield improved with increasing level of hydrogel up to 5.0 kg/ha. The enhanced yield with 5.0 kg/ha hydrogel also resulted in higher production efficiency (15.0 kg/ha/day) and water productivity (8.46 kg/ha-mm).
Growth and yield response of transplanted mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under different planting schedule in north Gujarat agroclimatic region, 2022
A field experiment was conducted on transplanted Indian mustard during rabi season of 2020-21 at ... more A field experiment was conducted on transplanted Indian mustard during rabi season of 2020-21 at Sardarkrushinagar, Gujrat in loamy sand soil. The experiment consisted twelve treatment combinations, with four planting geometry viz., 45 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 45 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 45 cm accommodate in main plots and three dates of transplanting viz., 31 st October, 10 th November and 20 th November taken in subplots were undertaken in split-plot design with three replications. Significantly higher plant height at 30 & 60 DAT (94 & 180 cm), leaf area index at 30 & 60 DAT (0.87 & 2.03) and oil yield (893 kg/ha) were recorded with mustard transplanted at 45 cm × 30 cm and, whereas, higher number of secondary branches per plant (26.3) and number of siliquae per plant (718) were recorded at 60 cm × 45 cm. Mustard transplanted at 45 cm × 30 cm spacing recorded significantly higher seed yield (2187 kg/ha) which was remained statistically at par with spacing 45 cm × 45 cm (2070 kg/ha). Crop transplanted on 10 th November significantly out yielded (2143 kg/ha) over the 20 th November (1829 kg/ha) but remained statistically at par with 31 st October (1996 kg/ha) in terms of seed yield.
A high yielding and wilt resistant castor (Ricinus communis) hybrid for India, 2020
The breeding efforts were made at Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) during 2006-07 to 2015-16 for devel... more The breeding efforts were made at Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) during 2006-07 to 2015-16 for development of castor (Ricinus communis) hybrid suitable for irrigated and rainfed condition. The castor hybrid GCH 8 (SHB 896) was evaluated in IVHT, AVHT-I and AVHT-II (irrigated and rainfed) along with checks, viz. DCH 177, DCH 519 and GCH 7 at different AICRP (castor) locations during 2013-14 to 2015-16. The hybrid GCH 8 (SHB 896) exhibited wider adaptability and consistent superiority in seed yield and oil yield under irrigated as well as rainfed conditions over checks during the years of evaluation. On the basis of weighted mean, GCH 8 yielded 18.95 q/ha and 35.88 q/ ha over checks, viz. DCH 177, DCH 519, and GCH 7 to the tune of 16.03, 14.02, and 13.01 % & 16.19, 17.64 and 16.57 % higher under rainfed and irrigated condition, respectively. This hybrid also recorded 48.30 % and 48.60 % oil content in seed with extract on an average 9.15 q/ha and 16.37 q/ha oil yield under rainfed and irrigated condition, respectively. This hybrid has profuse branching, tolerance to lodging and resistant to shattering. It was resistant against major diseases like wilt and root rot and showed at par as well as somewhat less attack of major insect pests of castor like semilooper, Spodoptera, leaf hopper, white fly, capsule borer and thrips.
Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to varying spacing and transplanting in north Gujarat region, 2022
A field experiment was conducted at Castor Mustard Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada ... more A field experiment was conducted at Castor Mustard Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat during the winter (rabi) season of 2020-21, to study the response of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj.] to different spacing and transplanting schedule in north Gujarat. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 4 spacing in the main plots and 3 transplanting dates in the subplots, that were replicated 3 times. The maximum plant height at harvesting (189.18 cm) and crop-growth rate (11.69 g/plant/day) at 30-60 days after transplanting (DAT) were recorded with narrow spacing of 45 cm × 30 cm and higher dry-matter accumulation at 30 and 60 DAT (11.57 and 71.70 g/plant respectively) were recorded at 60 cm × 45 cm spacing. Indian mustard transplanted at 45 cm × 30 cm spacing recorded significantly higher seed yield (2,187.1 kg/ha), being statistically at par with spacing 45 cm × 45 cm spacing (2,070.4 kg/ha). In terms of seed yield, the crop transplanted on 10 November (2,142.7 kg/ha) outperformed the crop transplanted on 20 November (1,829.0 kg/ha), but it was statistically on a par with the crop transplanted on 31 October (1,996 kg/ha). The higher net returns (`61,227/ha), production efficiency (19.59 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (`548.5/ha/ day) were registered at 45 cm × 30 cm spacing. Significantly higher net return realization (`63,596/ha), production efficiency (19.13 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (`567.8 /ha/day) were noted under 10 November transplanting.
Orphan legumes: harnessing their potential for food, nutritional and health security through genetic approaches, 2022
Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family, contrib... more Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family, contributes beyond 33% of human dietary proteins. The advent of the global food crisis owing to major climatic concerns leads to nutritional deprivation, hunger and hidden hunger especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Hence, in the wake of promoting sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, apart from the popular legumes, the inclusion of lesser-known and understudied local crop legumes called orphan legumes in the farming systems of various tropical and subtropical parts of the world is indeed a need of the hour. Despite possessing tremendous potentialities, wide adaptability under diverse environmental conditions, and rich in nutritional and nutraceutical values, these species are still in a neglected and devalued state. Therefore, a major re-focusing of legume genetics, genomics, and biology is much crucial in pursuance of understanding the yield constraints, and endorsing underutilized legume breeding programs. Varying degrees of importance to these crops do exist among researchers of developing countries in establishing the role of orphan legumes as future crops. Under such circumstances, this article assembles a comprehensive note on the necessity of promoting these crops for further investigations and sustainable legume production, the exploitation of various orphan legume species and their potencies. In addition, an attempt has been made to highlight various novel genetic, molecular, and omics approaches for the improvement of such legumes for enhancing yield, minimizing the level of several anti-nutritional factors, and imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. A significant genetic enhancement through extensive research in 'omics' areas is the absolute necessity to transform them into befitting candidates for large-scale popularization around the globe.
Rice is the second most important cereal crop in the world covering 155 mha with the annual produ... more Rice is the second most important cereal crop in the world covering 155 mha with the annual production of 596 mt. Rice is one of the most important cereals that hold the key for food security. Increasing water scarcity is becoming a real threat for rice cultivation. About 80 per cent of fresh water is being used for agriculture and out of this more than 50 per cent is consumed by the rice crop alone. The system of rice intensification originated in Madagascar and developed by the late father Henry de Laulanie in 1983. SRI is not a new variety or a hybrid. It is only a method of cultivation. SRI has proved to be a promising system under all kinds of rice varieties whether local or improved. SRI has showed great promise of saving water, seed, pesticides, fertilizers, etc producing yields more than or equal to that of traditional cultivation.
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Papers by Aanandi Lal Jat