Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Iranian Conference on
In this paper, a broadband microstrip reflect array antenna is designed for X-band Applications u... more In this paper, a broadband microstrip reflect array antenna is designed for X-band Applications using a novel single layer (without air layer) unit cell. The unit cell consists of a quasi-log-periodic patch and two microstrip rings connected to variable length stubs. A phase variation range of 640 degrees was achieved for the optimized unite cell. Using this unit cell, a reflectarray with 145 unit cells was designed and simulated using CST software. Simulation results show a maximum gain of 22.7 dB and 3-dB gain bandwidth of 24.3% in the frequency range of 8.3-10.6 GHz. Maximum aperture efficiency of the antenna is 34%.
2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2017
In this paper, a novel monopole based zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antenna with a unit cell based... more In this paper, a novel monopole based zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antenna with a unit cell based on composite right/left-handed transmission-line (CRLH TL) is designed and simulated. The antenna structure is including an asymmetric coplanar waveguide (ACPW) fed monopole, an inductive arm, an inverse U-shaped section and a back parasitic patch. The proposed antenna is optimized for circular polarization (CP) and its electrical size is 0.318λ0 × 0.306λ0 × 0.003λ0. The antenna operates at the center frequency of 1.51 GHz that is the zeroth-order resonant frequency (n=0) of the structure. Compared to the similar ZOR CP antennas, the proposed antenna has appropriate fractional bandwidth (11.25%) and radiation efficiency (90.8%). Moreover, the proposed antenna has a planar via free structure in which simplifies the manufacturing process.
Language is one of the best and most complete tools for human communication. Language is a way fo... more Language is one of the best and most complete tools for human communication. Language is a way for direct and face-to-face communication between two or several people. However, nowadays because of the existence of mass communication, in some instance direct communication has changed into indirect communication; and media can send their messages for thousands of people at the same time. One of these mass communication media is radio. Radio is an auditory medium, in which language plays an important role. Radio stations try by various means to attract and retain their listeners. In order to maintain their attractive edge, each radio station devises various programs and since each program has its own features, it requires its own special way of talking to its listeners. One of the methods to attract listeners by radio stations geared toward the youth is by using colloquial style of talking. Thus, there is a need to pay serious attention to the issue of language and its application in r...
2020 28th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)
In this paper, transformation optics is used to design a new wave transformer that converts a cyl... more In this paper, transformation optics is used to design a new wave transformer that converts a cylindrical wave to a plane wave. For this purpose, we consider a new coordinate transformation in which the resulting wave transformer will be reflectionless. Simulated results show that in the presence of the proposed wave transformer, the cylindrical wave generated by a line source is converted to a plane wave. Besides, a high directivity four-beam antenna is designed by using the designed structure. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to verify design results.
Cynanchum acutum is used in Iranian traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of some diseas... more Cynanchum acutum is used in Iranian traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of some diseases and troubles. In this present study, effects of Cynanchum acutum on rat for its neuropharmacological and antidiarrhoeal activity were evaluated. One hundred and fifty mg/kg/day of Cynanchum acutum as treatment was given to 10-week old wistar rats and neuropharmacological and antidiarrhoeal properties of that were evaluated. The extract of Cynanchum acutum potentiated the pentobarbital induced sleeping time in rats and decreased the open field score in open field test, decreased the number of hole crossed from 1 chamber in the hole cross test and decreased the head dip responses in hole board test. It can be conclude that Cynanchum acutum has neuropharmacological and antidiatthoeal effects in rats.
Cynanchum acutum is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of Apocynaceae. It is a ... more Cynanchum acutum is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of Apocynaceae. It is a well recognized plant in the traditional medicine and is used by people in rural areas. This study is aimed to evaluate the anti-microbial effects of ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum. The antimicrobial property of the Cynanchum acutum was studied against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms using the agar disc diffusion method, in which ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum has shown bigger zone of inhibition than aqueous extract. These results demonstrate that Cynanchum acutum possesses anti-microbial effects and it can be a good candidate for producing of anti-microbial drugs.
At present, the winner determined among participants in the auctions and bids (especially bids) i... more At present, the winner determined among participants in the auctions and bids (especially bids) in national oil company is merely conducted considering the price offered by them and this type of winner determining leads to emerging problems in performance and contract presentation stage. Per sent study is one of the most applied sciences which could be used as a powerful tool for solving decision- making problem by managers, and multi- criterion decision- making techniques are among these sciences. In addition to thinking and analyzing, decision- making requires appropriate tool and ELECTERE
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of methanolic grape seed extract on the blood gluc... more The aim of this study was to assess the effect of methanolic grape seed extract on the blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic rats. For this research 30 male adult rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups as nondiabetic control; diabetic control; diabetic rats treated with methanolic extract of grape seed. In diabetic groups, alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to develop diabetes. Then the Test group received intraperitoneal injection of methanolic extract of grape seed (100 mg/kg). At last, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, VLDL, LDL and insulin contents of the rats' serum sample were determined. Diabetic rats treated with extract showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, VLDL and TG, but a significant increase in insulin level and HDL of extract-treated group was observed in compare with diabetic group (P<0.05). ...
This study evaluates how off-the-shelf commercial ICTs can contribute to creating a feeling of Pr... more This study evaluates how off-the-shelf commercial ICTs can contribute to creating a feeling of Presence, Connectedness, and Awareness between parents and their hospitalized child. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyse qualitative and quantitative data collected through a survey of thirty eight parents whose children were admitted to the Royal Childrens Hospital. Through analysis of data, Presence is found to be less facilitated through ICT than are Awareness and Connectedness. Although participants reported that voice call on mobile phones was the most common way of communication, their ideal was a video-chat application such as Skype, or a combination of Skype and TV to facilitate feeling of Presence. A strong desire to use rich media such as video-audio to help them have a greater feeling of Presence was identified in parents responses to the questionnaire.
In recent years, much attention has been given to various printing techniques to produce low-cost... more In recent years, much attention has been given to various printing techniques to produce low-cost electronic ingredients and equipment. Inkjet printing is one of the most promising methods for printing circuit ingredients in one step almost on any substrates. In this study, the inkjet printing technique was employed for chemical deposition of silver nanoparticles by ejecting aqueous solutions of silver nitrate as metal salt and ascorbic acid as reducing agent on flexible substrates such as paper and fabric. Inkjet-deposited silver patterns were used as capacitors in electrical circuits and their performance was tested. Different values of capacitance were gained by a simple change in the size and shape of the printed capacitor. The highest capacitance values gained on an inkjet-deposited capacitor (a parallel plate capacitor with 1 cm2 overlapped area) on paper and fabric were 85.1 and 1370 pF, respectively. Inkjet-printed capacitors (interdigital capacitors with six fingers) could ...
In this study the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum was evaluat... more In this study the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum was evaluated. Cynanchum acutum has a large history of herbal use because of pharmaceutical characteristics and the medicinal values of the Cynanchum acutum have been mentioned in ancient literature as useful in disorders. The effects of ethanolic extracts of Cynanchum acutum were studied on carrageen an induced paw edema. Results of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract decreased the edema induced in hind paw. It has been concluded that ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum (200 mg/kg b.w.) has a good anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced paw edema.
The current Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) contributes a lot to the greenhouse effect in terms of emi... more The current Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) contributes a lot to the greenhouse effect in terms of emissions, and in the form of noise and also is very heavy. The need for more electricity has increased ...
Background & Aim: The conceptual clarity is one of the most important parts of all researches. Sy... more Background & Aim: The conceptual clarity is one of the most important parts of all researches. Systematic Concept Analysis is a research method which can be carried out individually or as a part of broader research project. The aim of systematic concept analysis such as other concept analysis methods is to clarify the target concept. Methods: This is a review study which conducted with no time limitation through databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Proquest, and Science Direct using concept analysis keyword. Results: Systematic Concept Analysis is done on available resources and based on the results, structure, meaning, and concept characteristics become clear to use in future research. Systematic concept analysis includes the following stages: determining the purpose and scope of concept, acquiring knowledge and developing a general idea of scope, collecting data, describing the basic structure of the concept and / or analysis framework, systematic materials analysis, further analys...
Abstract. The elderly population are on the rise due to medical advances and reducing mortality a... more Abstract. The elderly population are on the rise due to medical advances and reducing mortality and fertility statistics. Therefore, careful planning and preparation should be done to meet the increasing elderly population.Neglecting physical and psychological needs of the elderly leads todisapointment and life satisfaction in elderlyand makes the weakness of old age more tangible. Nursing home is the first and simplest solution proposed to solve the problems of the elderlybut due tosome needs of older people like spiritual needs which are not relieved, another model named “old village” was proposed and implemented in the West.The purpose of this study is to achieve a social and functional space to meet all elderly’sneeds. But, lack of attention to the needs of mental and physical condition of the elderly in designingphysical space ofnursing homes, increases depression and reduce the life expectancy of the population. This research aimed to studyphysical space of nursing homes to me...
Increased frequency and severity of attacks of pirates around the Horn of Africa is a serious thr... more Increased frequency and severity of attacks of pirates around the Horn of Africa is a serious threat to global shipping industry and insurance, actually is not just the fear of financial loss for the world community, but the security of individuals, employees of ships, passengers are not able as the important points. With the increasing number of attacks and severity of violent attacks on human life are also at greater risk. Piracy is a problem for all current owners of the goods. Now the ship price is encompassed floating hull insurance with including coverage of the war also included piracy, covered by some insurance companies .The proposed study uses T test to Testing Hypotheses and the sample size has been chosen from experts in insurance company. The questionnaire was designed in Likert scale & distributed among 120experts in insurance company in Tehran. Cronbach alpha is calculated as %86, which is well above the minimum desirable limit of 0.70. The study investigates 28 facto...
In this paper, two compact multi-aperture substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) couplers are propo... more In this paper, two compact multi-aperture substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) couplers are proposed for Ku-band applications. These couplers are designed using ray-tracing method (RTM). RTM is a simple method that can be used for initial design of SIW multi-aperture couplers (MACs). In order to reduce the size of the MAC, two rows of vias are inserted at two sides of SIWs, along the coupling apertures. Then, two structures are proposed and analyzed using RTM. The length of the coupling aperture is reduced by 15% and 26% for the first and second designs, respectively. The proposed structures are simulated and optimized using HFSS software. The results show that the couplers have good return loss, high isolation between output ports, and a broadband frequency bandwidth.
This study introduces a new broadband hybrid perfect absorber (HA) that includes metamaterial abs... more This study introduces a new broadband hybrid perfect absorber (HA) that includes metamaterial absorber (MA) and a lossy composite. The unit cell of the MA is in the form of two concentric ring-based structures fabricated on an FR4 substrate, which provides a broadband absorption band because of two neighbouring resonance frequencies. The composite layer is built by mixing the carbon black powder and epoxy resin in an optimised weight percentage. By modelling the structure with multiple transmission line sections, a closed-form procedure has been proposed to optimise the HA parameters. The final tuning of the HA parameters is performed using HFSS. A prototype of the HA is fabricated and measured. The results indicate that the proposed HA provides nearly perfect absorption (absorption ratio over 99%) in the frequency range of 2–2.8 GHz. It is, also, polarisation-insensitive due to its symmetrical design. The total thickness of the proposed structure is 12.5 mm, which is acceptable con...
Expediency is one of the titles which have important statuses in the Islamic jurisprudence and it... more Expediency is one of the titles which have important statuses in the Islamic jurisprudence and its association with religious decrees is clarified while determining its concept and it specifies the authorities of the prudent leader. Expedient (Maslahat) in the view of Islam is defined as to do anything for the sake of material and spiritual benefit of the individual and society. Islamic religions do believe that Expedient (Maslahat) plays an essential role in the interpretation of the law, but there is some disagreement over its scope. Most jurisprudents consider expediency to be effective in divine rules when it is based on the expedients, and its purpose is to achieve expedients that can changed as according to the requirements of time and place. Examining and implementing this in the affairs of society is one of the duties that the Islamic ruler should observe. Therefore, it is necessary that the ruler considers the expedient in community management and use it as a key to solving...
Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Iranian Conference on
In this paper, a broadband microstrip reflect array antenna is designed for X-band Applications u... more In this paper, a broadband microstrip reflect array antenna is designed for X-band Applications using a novel single layer (without air layer) unit cell. The unit cell consists of a quasi-log-periodic patch and two microstrip rings connected to variable length stubs. A phase variation range of 640 degrees was achieved for the optimized unite cell. Using this unit cell, a reflectarray with 145 unit cells was designed and simulated using CST software. Simulation results show a maximum gain of 22.7 dB and 3-dB gain bandwidth of 24.3% in the frequency range of 8.3-10.6 GHz. Maximum aperture efficiency of the antenna is 34%.
2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2017
In this paper, a novel monopole based zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antenna with a unit cell based... more In this paper, a novel monopole based zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antenna with a unit cell based on composite right/left-handed transmission-line (CRLH TL) is designed and simulated. The antenna structure is including an asymmetric coplanar waveguide (ACPW) fed monopole, an inductive arm, an inverse U-shaped section and a back parasitic patch. The proposed antenna is optimized for circular polarization (CP) and its electrical size is 0.318λ0 × 0.306λ0 × 0.003λ0. The antenna operates at the center frequency of 1.51 GHz that is the zeroth-order resonant frequency (n=0) of the structure. Compared to the similar ZOR CP antennas, the proposed antenna has appropriate fractional bandwidth (11.25%) and radiation efficiency (90.8%). Moreover, the proposed antenna has a planar via free structure in which simplifies the manufacturing process.
Language is one of the best and most complete tools for human communication. Language is a way fo... more Language is one of the best and most complete tools for human communication. Language is a way for direct and face-to-face communication between two or several people. However, nowadays because of the existence of mass communication, in some instance direct communication has changed into indirect communication; and media can send their messages for thousands of people at the same time. One of these mass communication media is radio. Radio is an auditory medium, in which language plays an important role. Radio stations try by various means to attract and retain their listeners. In order to maintain their attractive edge, each radio station devises various programs and since each program has its own features, it requires its own special way of talking to its listeners. One of the methods to attract listeners by radio stations geared toward the youth is by using colloquial style of talking. Thus, there is a need to pay serious attention to the issue of language and its application in r...
2020 28th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)
In this paper, transformation optics is used to design a new wave transformer that converts a cyl... more In this paper, transformation optics is used to design a new wave transformer that converts a cylindrical wave to a plane wave. For this purpose, we consider a new coordinate transformation in which the resulting wave transformer will be reflectionless. Simulated results show that in the presence of the proposed wave transformer, the cylindrical wave generated by a line source is converted to a plane wave. Besides, a high directivity four-beam antenna is designed by using the designed structure. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to verify design results.
Cynanchum acutum is used in Iranian traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of some diseas... more Cynanchum acutum is used in Iranian traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of some diseases and troubles. In this present study, effects of Cynanchum acutum on rat for its neuropharmacological and antidiarrhoeal activity were evaluated. One hundred and fifty mg/kg/day of Cynanchum acutum as treatment was given to 10-week old wistar rats and neuropharmacological and antidiarrhoeal properties of that were evaluated. The extract of Cynanchum acutum potentiated the pentobarbital induced sleeping time in rats and decreased the open field score in open field test, decreased the number of hole crossed from 1 chamber in the hole cross test and decreased the head dip responses in hole board test. It can be conclude that Cynanchum acutum has neuropharmacological and antidiatthoeal effects in rats.
Cynanchum acutum is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of Apocynaceae. It is a ... more Cynanchum acutum is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of Apocynaceae. It is a well recognized plant in the traditional medicine and is used by people in rural areas. This study is aimed to evaluate the anti-microbial effects of ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum. The antimicrobial property of the Cynanchum acutum was studied against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms using the agar disc diffusion method, in which ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum has shown bigger zone of inhibition than aqueous extract. These results demonstrate that Cynanchum acutum possesses anti-microbial effects and it can be a good candidate for producing of anti-microbial drugs.
At present, the winner determined among participants in the auctions and bids (especially bids) i... more At present, the winner determined among participants in the auctions and bids (especially bids) in national oil company is merely conducted considering the price offered by them and this type of winner determining leads to emerging problems in performance and contract presentation stage. Per sent study is one of the most applied sciences which could be used as a powerful tool for solving decision- making problem by managers, and multi- criterion decision- making techniques are among these sciences. In addition to thinking and analyzing, decision- making requires appropriate tool and ELECTERE
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of methanolic grape seed extract on the blood gluc... more The aim of this study was to assess the effect of methanolic grape seed extract on the blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic rats. For this research 30 male adult rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups as nondiabetic control; diabetic control; diabetic rats treated with methanolic extract of grape seed. In diabetic groups, alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to develop diabetes. Then the Test group received intraperitoneal injection of methanolic extract of grape seed (100 mg/kg). At last, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, VLDL, LDL and insulin contents of the rats' serum sample were determined. Diabetic rats treated with extract showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, VLDL and TG, but a significant increase in insulin level and HDL of extract-treated group was observed in compare with diabetic group (P<0.05). ...
This study evaluates how off-the-shelf commercial ICTs can contribute to creating a feeling of Pr... more This study evaluates how off-the-shelf commercial ICTs can contribute to creating a feeling of Presence, Connectedness, and Awareness between parents and their hospitalized child. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyse qualitative and quantitative data collected through a survey of thirty eight parents whose children were admitted to the Royal Childrens Hospital. Through analysis of data, Presence is found to be less facilitated through ICT than are Awareness and Connectedness. Although participants reported that voice call on mobile phones was the most common way of communication, their ideal was a video-chat application such as Skype, or a combination of Skype and TV to facilitate feeling of Presence. A strong desire to use rich media such as video-audio to help them have a greater feeling of Presence was identified in parents responses to the questionnaire.
In recent years, much attention has been given to various printing techniques to produce low-cost... more In recent years, much attention has been given to various printing techniques to produce low-cost electronic ingredients and equipment. Inkjet printing is one of the most promising methods for printing circuit ingredients in one step almost on any substrates. In this study, the inkjet printing technique was employed for chemical deposition of silver nanoparticles by ejecting aqueous solutions of silver nitrate as metal salt and ascorbic acid as reducing agent on flexible substrates such as paper and fabric. Inkjet-deposited silver patterns were used as capacitors in electrical circuits and their performance was tested. Different values of capacitance were gained by a simple change in the size and shape of the printed capacitor. The highest capacitance values gained on an inkjet-deposited capacitor (a parallel plate capacitor with 1 cm2 overlapped area) on paper and fabric were 85.1 and 1370 pF, respectively. Inkjet-printed capacitors (interdigital capacitors with six fingers) could ...
In this study the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum was evaluat... more In this study the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum was evaluated. Cynanchum acutum has a large history of herbal use because of pharmaceutical characteristics and the medicinal values of the Cynanchum acutum have been mentioned in ancient literature as useful in disorders. The effects of ethanolic extracts of Cynanchum acutum were studied on carrageen an induced paw edema. Results of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract decreased the edema induced in hind paw. It has been concluded that ethanolic extract of Cynanchum acutum (200 mg/kg b.w.) has a good anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced paw edema.
The current Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) contributes a lot to the greenhouse effect in terms of emi... more The current Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) contributes a lot to the greenhouse effect in terms of emissions, and in the form of noise and also is very heavy. The need for more electricity has increased ...
Background & Aim: The conceptual clarity is one of the most important parts of all researches. Sy... more Background & Aim: The conceptual clarity is one of the most important parts of all researches. Systematic Concept Analysis is a research method which can be carried out individually or as a part of broader research project. The aim of systematic concept analysis such as other concept analysis methods is to clarify the target concept. Methods: This is a review study which conducted with no time limitation through databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Proquest, and Science Direct using concept analysis keyword. Results: Systematic Concept Analysis is done on available resources and based on the results, structure, meaning, and concept characteristics become clear to use in future research. Systematic concept analysis includes the following stages: determining the purpose and scope of concept, acquiring knowledge and developing a general idea of scope, collecting data, describing the basic structure of the concept and / or analysis framework, systematic materials analysis, further analys...
Abstract. The elderly population are on the rise due to medical advances and reducing mortality a... more Abstract. The elderly population are on the rise due to medical advances and reducing mortality and fertility statistics. Therefore, careful planning and preparation should be done to meet the increasing elderly population.Neglecting physical and psychological needs of the elderly leads todisapointment and life satisfaction in elderlyand makes the weakness of old age more tangible. Nursing home is the first and simplest solution proposed to solve the problems of the elderlybut due tosome needs of older people like spiritual needs which are not relieved, another model named “old village” was proposed and implemented in the West.The purpose of this study is to achieve a social and functional space to meet all elderly’sneeds. But, lack of attention to the needs of mental and physical condition of the elderly in designingphysical space ofnursing homes, increases depression and reduce the life expectancy of the population. This research aimed to studyphysical space of nursing homes to me...
Increased frequency and severity of attacks of pirates around the Horn of Africa is a serious thr... more Increased frequency and severity of attacks of pirates around the Horn of Africa is a serious threat to global shipping industry and insurance, actually is not just the fear of financial loss for the world community, but the security of individuals, employees of ships, passengers are not able as the important points. With the increasing number of attacks and severity of violent attacks on human life are also at greater risk. Piracy is a problem for all current owners of the goods. Now the ship price is encompassed floating hull insurance with including coverage of the war also included piracy, covered by some insurance companies .The proposed study uses T test to Testing Hypotheses and the sample size has been chosen from experts in insurance company. The questionnaire was designed in Likert scale & distributed among 120experts in insurance company in Tehran. Cronbach alpha is calculated as %86, which is well above the minimum desirable limit of 0.70. The study investigates 28 facto...
In this paper, two compact multi-aperture substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) couplers are propo... more In this paper, two compact multi-aperture substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) couplers are proposed for Ku-band applications. These couplers are designed using ray-tracing method (RTM). RTM is a simple method that can be used for initial design of SIW multi-aperture couplers (MACs). In order to reduce the size of the MAC, two rows of vias are inserted at two sides of SIWs, along the coupling apertures. Then, two structures are proposed and analyzed using RTM. The length of the coupling aperture is reduced by 15% and 26% for the first and second designs, respectively. The proposed structures are simulated and optimized using HFSS software. The results show that the couplers have good return loss, high isolation between output ports, and a broadband frequency bandwidth.
This study introduces a new broadband hybrid perfect absorber (HA) that includes metamaterial abs... more This study introduces a new broadband hybrid perfect absorber (HA) that includes metamaterial absorber (MA) and a lossy composite. The unit cell of the MA is in the form of two concentric ring-based structures fabricated on an FR4 substrate, which provides a broadband absorption band because of two neighbouring resonance frequencies. The composite layer is built by mixing the carbon black powder and epoxy resin in an optimised weight percentage. By modelling the structure with multiple transmission line sections, a closed-form procedure has been proposed to optimise the HA parameters. The final tuning of the HA parameters is performed using HFSS. A prototype of the HA is fabricated and measured. The results indicate that the proposed HA provides nearly perfect absorption (absorption ratio over 99%) in the frequency range of 2–2.8 GHz. It is, also, polarisation-insensitive due to its symmetrical design. The total thickness of the proposed structure is 12.5 mm, which is acceptable con...
Expediency is one of the titles which have important statuses in the Islamic jurisprudence and it... more Expediency is one of the titles which have important statuses in the Islamic jurisprudence and its association with religious decrees is clarified while determining its concept and it specifies the authorities of the prudent leader. Expedient (Maslahat) in the view of Islam is defined as to do anything for the sake of material and spiritual benefit of the individual and society. Islamic religions do believe that Expedient (Maslahat) plays an essential role in the interpretation of the law, but there is some disagreement over its scope. Most jurisprudents consider expediency to be effective in divine rules when it is based on the expedients, and its purpose is to achieve expedients that can changed as according to the requirements of time and place. Examining and implementing this in the affairs of society is one of the duties that the Islamic ruler should observe. Therefore, it is necessary that the ruler considers the expedient in community management and use it as a key to solving...
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Papers by Abbas Heidari