Papers by American journal of Engineering Research (AJER)
Image processing techniques primarily focus upon enhancing the quality of an image or a set ofima... more Image processing techniques primarily focus upon enhancing the quality of an image or a set ofimages to derive the maximum information from them. Image Fusion is a technique of producing a superior quality image from a set of available images. It is the process of combining relevant information from two or more images into a single image wherein the resulting image will be more informative and complete than any of the input images. A lot of research is being done in this field encompassing areas of Computer Vision, Automatic object detection, Image processing, parallel and distributed processing, Robotics and remote sensing. This project paves way to explain the theoretical and implementation issues of seven image fusion algorithms and the experimental results of the same. The fusion algorithms would be assessed based on the study and development of some image quality metrics.
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metals that "remember" their original shapes. SMAs are useful for ... more Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metals that "remember" their original shapes. SMAs are useful for such things as actuators which are materials that "change shape, stiffness, position, natural frequency, and other mechanical characteristics in response to temperature or electromagnetic fields" The potential uses for SMAs especially as actuators have broadened the spectrum of many scientific fields. The study of the history and development of SMAs can provide an insight into a material involved in cutting-edge technology. The diverse applications for these metals have made them increasingly important and visible to the world. This paper presents the working of shape memory alloys , the phenomenon of super-elasticity and applications of these alloys.
MIMO-OFDM is an attractive interface for the next generation WLANs, WMAN, 4G and 5G mobile cellul... more MIMO-OFDM is an attractive interface for the next generation WLANs, WMAN, 4G and 5G mobile cellular systems. However the performance of the MIMO-OFDM systems is affected by Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). PAPR is the main disadvantage associated with the MIMO-OFDM systems. So far, many techniques have been proposed to reduce the value of PAPR but high PAPR for MIMO-OFDM systems is still a demanding area and a different issue.In this paper, a hybrid VLM precoded SLM scheme using Clipping & Filtering has been proposed to reduce PAPR in MIMO-OFDM systems. And it has been observed that the proposed scheme has achieved a significant gain in PAPR reduction without increasing the system complexity and affecting the error performance of the system.
In this paper, a new radix-3 algorithm for realization of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of len... more In this paper, a new radix-3 algorithm for realization of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of length N = 3 m (m = 1, 2, 3,...) is presented. The DFT of length N can be realized from three DFT sequences, each of length N/3. If the input signal has length N, direct calculation of DFT requires O (N 2) complex multiplications (4N 2 real multiplications) and some additions. This radix-3 algorithm reduces the number of multiplications required for realizing DFT. For example, the number of complex multiplications required for realizing 9-point DFT using the proposed radix-3 algorithm is 60. Thus, saving in time can be achieved in the realization of proposed algorithm.
Flat Plate Solar Water Heater (FPSWH) is commonly used to harvest solar energy. Solar concentrati... more Flat Plate Solar Water Heater (FPSWH) is commonly used to harvest solar energy. Solar concentration techniques help to achieve higher temperatures of energy. The aim of this article is to compare the performance of a Fresnel lens glazed Flat Plate Solar Water Heater with Phase Change Material (PCM) with that provided with an ordinary glazing. The effect of solar concentration using Fresnel lens on energy storage in PCM and heat gained by water are studied and compared with that having an ordinary glazing. Experiments showed 47% improvements in the heat gained by water.
Nowadays a research on dental disease is very helpful in the clinical sections for automatic inte... more Nowadays a research on dental disease is very helpful in the clinical sections for automatic interpretation of disease within less time and with more accurate results. The objective is to study and identify types of teeth disease, to develop a robust, simple, cost effective and more accurate interpretation algorithm. There are many difficulties in defining objective such as it is difficult to interpret diseases because there are very minute variations in X-rays, Poor image quality representation and segmentation of each teeth in radiographic image.
An Experimental Investigation for Wear Rate Optimization on Different Gear Materials (EN8, 8620 &... more An Experimental Investigation for Wear Rate Optimization on Different Gear Materials (EN8, 8620 & MILD STEEL) Using Hardening. " mainly focuses on the mechanical design and analysis of gearbox as transmit the power and live long life. Gears play an essential role in the performance of many products that we rely on in our everyday lives. Gears are mainly used in lathes machines, automobiles and all torque transmitting units. The improved mechanical properties achieved by hardening process. This research focuses on optimizing wear rate of different gear materials using hardening process. The main Objective of this research is to find out the best material for manufacturing gear by hardening process.
Most rivers in urban areas of developing countries are the destinations of effluents discharged f... more Most rivers in urban areas of developing countries are the destinations of effluents discharged from industries. This is the case of River Choumlou (in Bafoussam-West Region, Cameroon) which receives all discharges from " Brasseries du Cameroun " , Bafoussam branch. The objective of this work was to determine the level of organic contaminants in water samples and to treat the polluted samples using the non-thermal gliding arc plasma. Non-thermal plasma consists of charged particles, radicals and excited molecules. The aim was to show the interest of such a process for cleaning up of surface waters (real effluent) and to cope with the protection of our environment. Due to the fact that pollution of streams and rivers from the discharge of sewage and industrial wastes poses a major problem to the environment, the researchers were particularly interested in investigating the oxidizing and acidifying properties of non-thermal plasma on polluted surface water. Samples were collected upstream and downstream from the brewery's effluent outlet. Samples taken at the point R 1 (downstream) were first analyzed by volumetric and instrumental methods in order to determine the organoleptic, physico-chemical and organic parameters. These samples were then exposed to the gliding discharge in humid air for a time period of between 3-30 minutes. After 30 minutes of exposure, a decrease in turbidity (24.09%), BOD 5 (44.93%) and COD (48.92%) were observed resulting in transparency apparition; with a decrease in pH (7.9 to 3) due to the formation of acidifying species in solution. These results reflect a considerable reduction in the pollution load of the water collected at R 1. This work shows that the effectiveness of the Gliding Arc in wastewater treatment is attributed to the oxidizing power of the hydroxyl radical and acidifying power of the nitrogen monoxide radical formed in the plasma. Despite the low rate of reduction of COD and BOD 5 in 30 min, it can be said that the plasma alone and post-discharge phenomenon (without catalyst or coupling) allows a good reduction of surface water by reducing effectively and appropriately organic matter.
A two dimensional technique has been studied numerically to predict the heat transfer from two di... more A two dimensional technique has been studied numerically to predict the heat transfer from two different cylinders in tandem arrangement (one is circular and the other is elliptical) using finite element technique with RNG k-ε turbulent model, taking into consideration the effect of gap ratio (L/Deq) and Reynolds number , where the distance between the centers of cylinders is L (L=30 mm and 37 mm), the equivalent diameter of cylinder is Deq=22.5mm and the range of Reynolds number is 2x10 3 < Re eq < 21x10 3 .The commercial CFD software FLUENT was used to get the thermofluid characteristics (temperature, velocity, kinetic energy and pressure contours ,coefficient of friction , heat transfer coefficient , Stanton number …… etc) of the flow around cylinders. The dependency of the heat transfer coefficient, Stanton number (St a), pressure drop, and friction factor for circular and elliptical cylinders on the gap ratio is clear from the results. Results show that, for circular cross section, the heat transfer coefficient is increased as velocity, and gap ratio increase. On the other hand St a decreased as velocity increase. The pressure drop and hence the friction factor increase for circular cylinder as gap ratio increases. For elliptical tube the heat transfer and St a are relatively equal to that for circular one at the same gap ratio, but the overall power consumption and friction factor for elliptical tube is lower than that of circular one. As the elliptical cylinder fixed on the second position the heat transfer and St a increase, on the other hand the pressure drop and hence the friction factor decreases. For all studied arrangements the highest heat transfer is observed for the arrangement of circular-first and elliptical-second cylinder and the minimum pressure drop and hence the friction factor are for the elliptical one.
S The selected study area in Pachaimalai Hills situated in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. Th... more S The selected study area in Pachaimalai Hills situated in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The study was aimed to document the traditional folklore knowledge of the local people about the use of different plants or their products. A large number of people belonging to various Hindu Malaiyali groups or races were interviewed during field trips and asked questions regarding the traditional use of medicinal plants. The data collected reveals that about 61 plant species belonging to 38 families find use in day to day life including medicinal, aromatic and cultural. The present study also details the herbal cures for different disorders, based on the information obtained from local herbalists or traditional healers. Then collected the medicinal plants are Enumeration of botanical name, Family, vernacular, common name and plant medicinal used. The common diseases treated by the herbal practitioner were asthma, digestive problems, paralyzes, skin diseases, diabetes, jaundice, fever, rheumatism, piles, stomachache and eye disease.
Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of steel frame su... more Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of steel frame subjected to fire. Also the effect of stress strain temperature on the fire performance of structural steel should be observed. The behavior of a steel frame in a fire depends on many factors including the properties of the steel and the coating material on it. The present paper shows reviews of various research works carried out by several researchers on the effects of stress–strain relationships on the fire performance of steel frame exposed to uniformly increasing temperature when steel is unprotected and protected with concrete using FEM.
Drying using burning of fossil fuels and open sun drying are traditional way to dry crops, fruits... more Drying using burning of fossil fuels and open sun drying are traditional way to dry crops, fruits, vegetables etc. But there are some disadvantages associated with them such as crops are affected by dirt and other impurities. To overcome the problems associated with open sun drying and drying using burning of fossil fuels, solar greenhouse drying is found out to be the best alternative. In present work the performance of simple and modified greenhouse dryer is evaluated and effort is made to increase the drying rate of greenhouse dryer which has been achieved in modified greenhouse dryer with inclined roof. Total weight of potato flakes was reduced by 80.1 % in modified greenhouse dryer in just 5 hours whereas it took 6 hours in simple greenhouse dryer for achieving nearly same values.
An adaptive model predictive controller of turbofan engines that can transfer working states with... more An adaptive model predictive controller of turbofan engines that can transfer working states within a certain flight envelope was proposed. Due to a very wide range of flight and operation conditions for turbofan engines, a series of model predictive controllers should be well established and arranged. First, constrained linear model predictive control algorithm is investigated and a number of model predictive controllers were designed based on linear models at different nominal points. Then, control domain in the flight envelope was divided according to the inlet parameters of aero-engines, and the nominal points were determined in all subsections. Finally, an adaptive predictive controller was achieved using a multilayer parameters scheduling scheme, which possesses the ability to realize the regulation of engines under different flight and working conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive predictive control system displays good performances in the control domain, which provides an effective approach for the design of the whole envelope controller.
Evaluation of heavy metals pollution level of the soils of Dana steel limited dumpsite located in... more Evaluation of heavy metals pollution level of the soils of Dana steel limited dumpsite located in latitude 12º 57¹ 43¹¹N to 12º 58¹ 7¹¹N, Longitude 7º 37¹11¹¹E to 7º 37¹ 16¹¹E and altitude 522.5m to 616.6m in Katsina state of Nigeria was carried out using contamination factor(CF), Pollution load index (PLI) and degree of contamination (DC) index. Soil samples were collected from the dumpsite and control site at depths ranges 0-<20cm,20-<40cm,40-<60cm and 60-<80cm.Flame Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to obtain the composition and concentration of the eight studied heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb and As).The mean concentration (mg/kg) of the heavy metals in the dumpsite were 646.228, 175.278, 85.844, 15.022, 62.361, 1096.296, 0.564 and 202.100 for Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co, Cr, As and Pb respectively. Statistical significant difference was observed between the mean of toxic metal concentration in the dumpsite and control area which suggested effect of anthropogenic inputs. The contamination factors, pollution load and degree of contamination indices were computed. the pollution load index revealed that the dumpsite was polluted with all the observed toxic metals(average PLI=2.113) and the degree of contamination index indicated that the dumpsite was in very high degree of contamination category (mean DC=30.624) which suggested that the dumpsite was seriously contaminated with all the observed heavy metals and the need for immediate implementation of remediation measures by the relevant authority to avert the consequences that it can pose on public health and environment.
This paper analyzes the statistics of power generation and power transmitted in Nigeria over the ... more This paper analyzes the statistics of power generation and power transmitted in Nigeria over the period spanning from 23 rd February to 8 th June 2015. The data used for the analysis were collected from the periodic update of power statistics on the official website of the Federal Ministry of Power in Nigeria. The results showed that the highest peak generation occurred on the 16 th of March when the value stood at 4,115.10 MW. The maximum average power generated and average power sent out over the same period occurred on the 23 rd of February when the values were 3,699.23 MWH/H and 3,623.11 MWH/H respectively. Although the average efficiency of transmission system over the period under review was 97.76%, the best efficiency figure recorded for the system was 97.94 % which occurred on the 23 rd February. The overall averages for the peak generation, energy generated and energy sent out were 3,639.82 MW, 3254.52 MWH/H and 3181.83 MWH/H respectively. These results also show that an average of about 72.69 MWH/H of energy was being lost between the generation and transmission subsystems. These figures clearly show that power generation in the country is still a far outcry from the peak demand forecast for the country which is 12,800 MW as projected by the Federal Ministry of Power.
Traffic congestion is a complex issue which most of metro cities are experiencing. The degree of ... more Traffic congestion is a complex issue which most of metro cities are experiencing. The degree of congestion on urban links is not always measured & treated uniformly as it is not well defined phenomenon. The traditionalapproaches are unable to represent realistic& true traffic condition and leads to deviation in congestion measurement because of various factors such as imprecision of the measurement, the traveller's perception of acceptability, variation in sample data, and the analyst's uncertainty about causal relations. To overcome this, fuzzy inference approach is proposed in which, three input parameter i.e. speed reduction rate, proportion of time traveling at very low speed (below 5 kmph) compared with total travel time and traffic volume to roadway capacity ratio are combined to get single output in term of congestion index. The proposed model is demonstrated by considering real time traffic data on major road network of Nagpur city, India. This study allows the process to combine different measures and also to incorporate the uncertainty in the individual measures so that the composite picture of congestion can be reproduced with greater accuracy & low error margin.
The building materials are an essential component in the building industry but unfortunately impr... more The building materials are an essential component in the building industry but unfortunately improper planning is associated with them. This paper aims to bring forward and highlight the important considerations of the factors associated with materials. The proper waste management of building materials on construction sites can save various environmental hazards and cost also. The paper will discuss the definition, important waste materials, and the benefits of waste minimization and finally bring forward certain recommendations for waste minimization based on site studies.
When a well test contains a series of different flow rates, or a continuously varying flow rate, ... more When a well test contains a series of different flow rates, or a continuously varying flow rate, the combination of the pressure transients due to varying flow rate is called convolution. while deconvolution means removing a distorting effect upon the variable of interest. This paper is on the study of an analytical technique that can be used to explicitly deconvolve wellbore storage distorted well test data using pressure data and the flow rate. Then to determine the reservoir properties from this deconvolved well test data by using the conventional well test interpretation methods. Also the comparison of the material balance deconvolution method results with the β-deconvlolution method result were carried out and then used to determine which method was a better deconvolution tool. The results showed that the material balance deconvolution technique performed very well with minor discrepancies and gave better estimation of the reservoir parameters.
A Fast Modified Frequent Pattern Growth approach namely (F-MFPG) is presented to mine the frequen... more A Fast Modified Frequent Pattern Growth approach namely (F-MFPG) is presented to mine the frequent item sets through adaption of frequent growth method. From experimental analysis on CRM real datasets in special reference to Telecommunication Industry, this approach improved the mining efficiency of Association rule. In this paper modified FP-tree algorithm with reduced header table and Auxiliary tree and FFIM algorithm for association rule mining is proposed. The advantage of F-MFPG approach is finding association rules without candidate set as well as CP-tree generation, which saves the execution time.
The improvement of surface roughness in the turning of AISI 1045 was investigated by using parame... more The improvement of surface roughness in the turning of AISI 1045 was investigated by using parameters as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Theseparameters are most responsible for surface roughness and their working range is set. Taguchi method is used to collect the experimental data. An orthogonal design L-9, signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance were employed to improve surface roughnessFeed rate exerted the higher effect on surface roughness, monitored by depth of cut. The surface roughness increases with increasing feed rate, depth of cut and decrease with decreasing cutting speed. Keywords-MINITAB-17, TAGUCHI L-9 ORTHOGONAL ARRAY, AISI 1045 STEEL
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Papers by American journal of Engineering Research (AJER)