A passionate teacher and an educational leader, who is always experimenting with new ways to improve learners' engagement and their learning with a spirit to serve!
Objective: To determine the correlation between peer and instructor assessment. (n=21 in 1 st ses... more Objective: To determine the correlation between peer and instructor assessment. (n=21 in 1 st session and n=21 in 2 nd session) consented for inclusion in the study. During contact sessions the participants gave lecture presentations of 10 minutes duration, on topics of their choice but preferably related to medical education. The lecture was appraised by both the instructors and the fellow participants using evaluation forms with 5 point Likert scale. Each aspect of the presentation was assessed and scored. Results: The Pearson's coefficient of correlation, between scores awarded by participants and scores awarded by instructors was found to be 0.63 (p= 0.002) in the 1 st contact session. By 2 nd contact session the correlation improved from moderate to high turning out to be 0.80 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study provides a sound evidence that; Peer assessment is comparable to faculty assessment and hence can be used more frequently to steer students' learning towards le...
Objective: To gain insight into learning-environment of Maternal Neonatal and Child Health commun... more Objective: To gain insight into learning-environment of Maternal Neonatal and Child Health community clerkship, using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure questionnaire and focus group discussion to improve students’ quality of learning.Study Design: Sequential Mixed Method Study.Place and Duration of Study: Primary Centers (Aga Khan Health Services, Pakistan) and Secondary Center (Aga Khan University), from Nov 2014 to Oct 2015.Material and Methods: All consenting third-year MBBS students after completing maternal neonatal and childhealth (MNCH) rotation anonymously filled the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. Data was entered in MS Excel 2013 and SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were calculated such as frequencies, mean and standard deviation of the total/subscale scores. Independent samples t test was used to identify gender-related differences among DREEM scores with p-value of < 0.05 as statistically significant. Focus Group D...
Objective: To determine the difference between academic achievements in terms of scores of studen... more Objective: To determine the difference between academic achievements in terms of scores of students with prior extensive rote memorization experience with those without it. Study Design: Ex-post fecto study Place and Duration of Study: Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from Dec 2013 to Mar 2014. Participants and Methods: After Quaid-e-Azam Medical College’s ethical review board’s approval, scores of medical students’ first professional examination were selected by purposive sampling technique, making a total sample size of 102 students, constituting 2 comparison groups with 51 students in each. The first group comprised all the students of 3rd, 4th and 5th year MBBS who were Hafiz-e-Quran and the other one had non Hafiz-e-Quran students from the same year. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation of their scores were calculated. Results: The overall mean score in biochemistry, physiology and anatomy was statistically different for these two groups as mean sc...
Advances in Basic Medical Sciences Portfolio Development: Addressing Deep Information Processing ... more Advances in Basic Medical Sciences Portfolio Development: Addressing Deep Information Processing Skills of Medical Students ORIGINAL ARTICLE Marium Sohail1*, Amina Ahmad1, Raheela Yasmin2 1 Medical Education Department, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore. 2 Head of Medical Education Department, Riphah International University.
Background: This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of OSTE (Objective Structured ... more Background: This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of OSTE (Objective Structured Teaching Encounters) as a performance assessment tool for the membership exit examination of HPE and to determine the difference in the examination scores of two consecutive Health Professions Education batches. Methods: The OSTEs were designed on the basis of exam blueprints at the Department of Medical Education, College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. Scores of participants of two consecutive years were selected through convenience sampling with the approval of the gatekeepers by employing correlational and comparative cross-sectional study designs. Scores of examinees (group I n= 14, group II n=15) were analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Mean + SD was computed and overall means were compared by t-test. Reliability was determined by Cronbach’s α coefficient. Standard error of measurement (SEM) was computed. OSTE stations were not uni-dimensional, hence factor analysis including varimax rotation was performed. For convergent validity (Pearson correlations) was determined between scores of OSTE, lectures delivered and workshops conducted. Results: In-group I, overall mean score was 7.64 + 0.65 and in-group II 7.33 + 1.03, (p=0.429). In group I SEM =0.35 and group II SEM= 0.48. Factor analysis yielded four factors in group I and five factors in group II with eigen values \u3e1. The Pearson’s correlation of average scores of OSTE and lecture was significant for group I (r = 0.61, p 0.019), and insignificant for group II (r=0.46, p= 0.08). Correlation of OSTE and workshop conducted was insignificant for group I (r= 0.51, p = 0.057) and significant in group II(r = 0.53, p =0.04). Conclusions: OSTE is a reliable, valid assessment tool for discerning competency among learners of HPE program. Key words: Validity, reliability, objectively structured teaching examinatio
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP
To determine the role of Feedforward Interview (FFI) technique in motivating residents of Obstetr... more To determine the role of Feedforward Interview (FFI) technique in motivating residents of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for better learning and performance. An explorative study with mixed method approach being employed. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sandeman (Provincial) Hospital, Quetta, from November 2010 till May 2013. Feedforward interview technique was complimented by survey questionnaire employing similar philosophy of FFI to triangulate data through two methods. Survey questionnaire was filled-up by 21 residents and analysed by SPSS version 17. Fourteen of these participants were identified for in-depth Feedforward Interviews (FFI), based on nonprobability purposive sampling after informed consent, and content analysis was done. Feedforward interview technique enabled majority of residents in recalling minimum of 3 positive experiences, mainly related to surgical experiences, which enhanced their motivation to aspire for further improvement in this area. Hard work w...
Objective: To determine the impact of constructive feedback, during clinical attachment, on the u... more Objective: To determine the impact of constructive feedback, during clinical attachment, on the undergraduate medical students’ attitude towards psychiatryStudy Design: Quasi-experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan from December 2012 to October 2013Methods: Participants were 107 students of final year MBBS. They were divided into study and control groups. Demographic data was recorded and attitude towards psychiatry (ATP-30) questionnaire was administered to all the students before the clinical attachment. Both the groups underwent 3 weeks clinical attachment. However, only the students in study group received constructive feedback. ATP-30 was re-administered to students of both groups soon after completion of attachment. Because of errors and omissions in data, forms of two students were excluded. Statistical analysis was carried out on data of 105 students, which consisted of 53 students in the study group and 52 in control grou...
Objective: The purpose of this study at Army Medical College was to assess differences in learnin... more Objective: The purpose of this study at Army Medical College was to assess differences in learning of students from cadaveric dissection or plastic models; and explore their perceptions about efficacy of various instructional tools used during the gross anatomy practical time. Study Design: Two phase mixed methods sequential study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at anatomy department Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan over a period of three weeks in July 2013 after approval from the ethical review board. Participants and Methods: Quantiative phase 1 involved 50 second year MBBS students, selected through non probability convenience sampling,They were divided into two groups of 25 students. Group A covered head and neck gross anatomy dissection course through cadaveric dissection and group B using plastic models. At the end of course MCQ based assessment were conducted and statistically analyzed for both groups. In qualitative phase 2, two focus group d...
Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and t... more Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and the learning styles of the course participants followed by explanation of the reasons for enjoyment, non-enjoyment and how enjoyment factors can be enhanced. Study Design: Mixed method sequential study. Place and Duration of Study: College of physicians and surgeons, Pakistan Material and Methods: Learning style of MCPS-HPE course participants of 2011-13 batch was identified through Kolb's Learning Style Inventory version 3.1; and participant's perception of the most enjoyable areas in the contact sessions and assignment completion were sought on two respective survey forms followed by structured interviews. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed using SPSS version 19. "Framework method" was used for the manual analysis of qualitative data. Result: Learners identified social interaction, team work, knowledge construction, active learning and self-efficacy as enj...
Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain stra... more Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain strategies for early success. The lived experiences of residents passing FCPS final examination in few attempts, barriers to success and strategies to overcome those barriers were studied. Participants and methodology: This phenomenological research study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2015 to May 2017. Purposeful snowball sampling was done. Eleven residents who passed their Final FCPS examination in few attempts, in the last 15 years were included in the study. Semi-structured open-ended interview of the residents was audio-recorded and transcribed. Three themes of helpful factors, barriers encountered and suggestions to overcome those barriers to get through the final FCPS examination and the emerging sub-themes were analyzed and textural and structural description were assigned. Results: Three themes were based on the aim of study and their related emerging...
Objective: To explore effect of format change in house job training and other factors, hindering ... more Objective: To explore effect of format change in house job training and other factors, hindering or promotingjunior doctors' training/learning in their transition to practical life.Study Design: Mixed Method Sequential.Place and Duration of Study: Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore, from Nov 2011 to Oct 2012.Material and Methods: Four hundred and ninety two doctors completed the modified PHEEM survey aftercompletion of their house job from November 2011 till October 2012 after institutional ethical review Board’sapproval. Second phase comprised semi-structured FGD to triangulate findings of the survey with FGD results,to find out, in detail, about doctors’ expectations from their house job training and suggestions for future afterensuring confidentiality and anonymity to study participants.Results: The mean overall score for clinical learning environment was 77.67, implying 57.0% satisfaction. Themean total scores for autonomy; teaching & social support was 25.6, 31.9 & 20.0 respecti...
Objective: To identify reasons for absenteeism of medical students in lectures and ward rotations... more Objective: To identify reasons for absenteeism of medical students in lectures and ward rotations during the clinical years and to find out various remedies as suggested by the students. Study Design: Mixed method study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Medical College Lahore, from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016. Material and Methods: It was a single center sequential mixed method study conducted from 2014 to 2016. The first phase was a survey using a questionnaire to find out reasons for absenteeism. Analysis of responses helped in the identification of grey areas which were clarified and recommendations were sought to improve attendance through focused group discussion (FGD). The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, and content analysis technique was combined with thematic analysis for qualitative data analysis. Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 300 students. The response rate was 77%. The reasons for not attending lectures, morning and ev...
Objective: Determine the effectiveness of case-based discussion (CbD) in terms of annual professi... more Objective: Determine the effectiveness of case-based discussion (CbD) in terms of annual professionalophthalmology examination performances (scores) at undergraduate level involving students.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry for under graduate 4th year MBBS class inOphthalmology (13 months‟ duration), from Dec 2013 to Dec 2014.Material and Methods: After approval from the IRB, scores of the historical control group, consisting of all4th year MBBS students from previous four years included (64, 89, 96 and 85 respectively) were collected, whounderwent traditional teaching. A total of 113 students were enrolled using non-probability conveniencesampling technique in the interventional group of the study, who were exposed to CbD. Their scores in theannual university examination were collected in the subject of ophthalmology. The data was analyzed for itsnormalcy and Mann Whitney test was applied for comparison. Score...
Objective: To determine whether general practitioners learned better with task-based learning or ... more Objective: To determine whether general practitioners learned better with task-based learning or problem-oriented lecture in a Continuing Medical Education (CME) set-up. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The Aga Khan University, Karachi campus, from April to June 2012. Methodology: Fifty-nine physicians were given a choice to opt for either Task-based Learning (TBL) or Problem Oriented Lecture (PBL) in a continuing medical education set-up about headaches. The TBL group had 30 participants divided into 10 small groups, and were assigned case-based tasks. The lecture group had 29 participants. Both groups were given a pre and a post-test. Pre/post assessment was done using one-best MCQs. The reliability coefficient of scores for both the groups was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. An item analysis for difficulty and discriminatory indices was calculated for both the groups. Paired t-test was used to determine the difference between pre- and p...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Generally in continuing education medical education (CME) the most time is consumed for in the pl... more Generally in continuing education medical education (CME) the most time is consumed for in the planning and preparation of the event. This planning and preparation, however, needs recognition through an evaluative process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate neurology CME in two educational methods, lecture vs task-based learning, using Patton's utilisation focused model. This was an observational, cross-sectional inquiry. The questionnaire evaluated the educational elements such as learning objectives met, content covered, presentations at the level of understanding, level of interaction, knowledge gained, time management, queries responded, organisation, quality of learning material and overall grading of the educational event. General Practitioners were the key participants in this evaluation and consisted of 60 self-selected physicians distributed equally in both the TBL and lecture groups. Patton's utilization focused model was used to produce findings for effecti...
Objective: To determine the correlation between peer and instructor assessment. (n=21 in 1 st ses... more Objective: To determine the correlation between peer and instructor assessment. (n=21 in 1 st session and n=21 in 2 nd session) consented for inclusion in the study. During contact sessions the participants gave lecture presentations of 10 minutes duration, on topics of their choice but preferably related to medical education. The lecture was appraised by both the instructors and the fellow participants using evaluation forms with 5 point Likert scale. Each aspect of the presentation was assessed and scored. Results: The Pearson's coefficient of correlation, between scores awarded by participants and scores awarded by instructors was found to be 0.63 (p= 0.002) in the 1 st contact session. By 2 nd contact session the correlation improved from moderate to high turning out to be 0.80 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study provides a sound evidence that; Peer assessment is comparable to faculty assessment and hence can be used more frequently to steer students' learning towards le...
Objective: To gain insight into learning-environment of Maternal Neonatal and Child Health commun... more Objective: To gain insight into learning-environment of Maternal Neonatal and Child Health community clerkship, using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure questionnaire and focus group discussion to improve students’ quality of learning.Study Design: Sequential Mixed Method Study.Place and Duration of Study: Primary Centers (Aga Khan Health Services, Pakistan) and Secondary Center (Aga Khan University), from Nov 2014 to Oct 2015.Material and Methods: All consenting third-year MBBS students after completing maternal neonatal and childhealth (MNCH) rotation anonymously filled the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. Data was entered in MS Excel 2013 and SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were calculated such as frequencies, mean and standard deviation of the total/subscale scores. Independent samples t test was used to identify gender-related differences among DREEM scores with p-value of < 0.05 as statistically significant. Focus Group D...
Objective: To determine the difference between academic achievements in terms of scores of studen... more Objective: To determine the difference between academic achievements in terms of scores of students with prior extensive rote memorization experience with those without it. Study Design: Ex-post fecto study Place and Duration of Study: Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from Dec 2013 to Mar 2014. Participants and Methods: After Quaid-e-Azam Medical College’s ethical review board’s approval, scores of medical students’ first professional examination were selected by purposive sampling technique, making a total sample size of 102 students, constituting 2 comparison groups with 51 students in each. The first group comprised all the students of 3rd, 4th and 5th year MBBS who were Hafiz-e-Quran and the other one had non Hafiz-e-Quran students from the same year. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation of their scores were calculated. Results: The overall mean score in biochemistry, physiology and anatomy was statistically different for these two groups as mean sc...
Advances in Basic Medical Sciences Portfolio Development: Addressing Deep Information Processing ... more Advances in Basic Medical Sciences Portfolio Development: Addressing Deep Information Processing Skills of Medical Students ORIGINAL ARTICLE Marium Sohail1*, Amina Ahmad1, Raheela Yasmin2 1 Medical Education Department, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore. 2 Head of Medical Education Department, Riphah International University.
Background: This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of OSTE (Objective Structured ... more Background: This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of OSTE (Objective Structured Teaching Encounters) as a performance assessment tool for the membership exit examination of HPE and to determine the difference in the examination scores of two consecutive Health Professions Education batches. Methods: The OSTEs were designed on the basis of exam blueprints at the Department of Medical Education, College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. Scores of participants of two consecutive years were selected through convenience sampling with the approval of the gatekeepers by employing correlational and comparative cross-sectional study designs. Scores of examinees (group I n= 14, group II n=15) were analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Mean + SD was computed and overall means were compared by t-test. Reliability was determined by Cronbach’s α coefficient. Standard error of measurement (SEM) was computed. OSTE stations were not uni-dimensional, hence factor analysis including varimax rotation was performed. For convergent validity (Pearson correlations) was determined between scores of OSTE, lectures delivered and workshops conducted. Results: In-group I, overall mean score was 7.64 + 0.65 and in-group II 7.33 + 1.03, (p=0.429). In group I SEM =0.35 and group II SEM= 0.48. Factor analysis yielded four factors in group I and five factors in group II with eigen values \u3e1. The Pearson’s correlation of average scores of OSTE and lecture was significant for group I (r = 0.61, p 0.019), and insignificant for group II (r=0.46, p= 0.08). Correlation of OSTE and workshop conducted was insignificant for group I (r= 0.51, p = 0.057) and significant in group II(r = 0.53, p =0.04). Conclusions: OSTE is a reliable, valid assessment tool for discerning competency among learners of HPE program. Key words: Validity, reliability, objectively structured teaching examinatio
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP
To determine the role of Feedforward Interview (FFI) technique in motivating residents of Obstetr... more To determine the role of Feedforward Interview (FFI) technique in motivating residents of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for better learning and performance. An explorative study with mixed method approach being employed. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sandeman (Provincial) Hospital, Quetta, from November 2010 till May 2013. Feedforward interview technique was complimented by survey questionnaire employing similar philosophy of FFI to triangulate data through two methods. Survey questionnaire was filled-up by 21 residents and analysed by SPSS version 17. Fourteen of these participants were identified for in-depth Feedforward Interviews (FFI), based on nonprobability purposive sampling after informed consent, and content analysis was done. Feedforward interview technique enabled majority of residents in recalling minimum of 3 positive experiences, mainly related to surgical experiences, which enhanced their motivation to aspire for further improvement in this area. Hard work w...
Objective: To determine the impact of constructive feedback, during clinical attachment, on the u... more Objective: To determine the impact of constructive feedback, during clinical attachment, on the undergraduate medical students’ attitude towards psychiatryStudy Design: Quasi-experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan from December 2012 to October 2013Methods: Participants were 107 students of final year MBBS. They were divided into study and control groups. Demographic data was recorded and attitude towards psychiatry (ATP-30) questionnaire was administered to all the students before the clinical attachment. Both the groups underwent 3 weeks clinical attachment. However, only the students in study group received constructive feedback. ATP-30 was re-administered to students of both groups soon after completion of attachment. Because of errors and omissions in data, forms of two students were excluded. Statistical analysis was carried out on data of 105 students, which consisted of 53 students in the study group and 52 in control grou...
Objective: The purpose of this study at Army Medical College was to assess differences in learnin... more Objective: The purpose of this study at Army Medical College was to assess differences in learning of students from cadaveric dissection or plastic models; and explore their perceptions about efficacy of various instructional tools used during the gross anatomy practical time. Study Design: Two phase mixed methods sequential study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at anatomy department Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan over a period of three weeks in July 2013 after approval from the ethical review board. Participants and Methods: Quantiative phase 1 involved 50 second year MBBS students, selected through non probability convenience sampling,They were divided into two groups of 25 students. Group A covered head and neck gross anatomy dissection course through cadaveric dissection and group B using plastic models. At the end of course MCQ based assessment were conducted and statistically analyzed for both groups. In qualitative phase 2, two focus group d...
Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and t... more Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and the learning styles of the course participants followed by explanation of the reasons for enjoyment, non-enjoyment and how enjoyment factors can be enhanced. Study Design: Mixed method sequential study. Place and Duration of Study: College of physicians and surgeons, Pakistan Material and Methods: Learning style of MCPS-HPE course participants of 2011-13 batch was identified through Kolb's Learning Style Inventory version 3.1; and participant's perception of the most enjoyable areas in the contact sessions and assignment completion were sought on two respective survey forms followed by structured interviews. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed using SPSS version 19. "Framework method" was used for the manual analysis of qualitative data. Result: Learners identified social interaction, team work, knowledge construction, active learning and self-efficacy as enj...
Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain stra... more Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain strategies for early success. The lived experiences of residents passing FCPS final examination in few attempts, barriers to success and strategies to overcome those barriers were studied. Participants and methodology: This phenomenological research study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2015 to May 2017. Purposeful snowball sampling was done. Eleven residents who passed their Final FCPS examination in few attempts, in the last 15 years were included in the study. Semi-structured open-ended interview of the residents was audio-recorded and transcribed. Three themes of helpful factors, barriers encountered and suggestions to overcome those barriers to get through the final FCPS examination and the emerging sub-themes were analyzed and textural and structural description were assigned. Results: Three themes were based on the aim of study and their related emerging...
Objective: To explore effect of format change in house job training and other factors, hindering ... more Objective: To explore effect of format change in house job training and other factors, hindering or promotingjunior doctors' training/learning in their transition to practical life.Study Design: Mixed Method Sequential.Place and Duration of Study: Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore, from Nov 2011 to Oct 2012.Material and Methods: Four hundred and ninety two doctors completed the modified PHEEM survey aftercompletion of their house job from November 2011 till October 2012 after institutional ethical review Board’sapproval. Second phase comprised semi-structured FGD to triangulate findings of the survey with FGD results,to find out, in detail, about doctors’ expectations from their house job training and suggestions for future afterensuring confidentiality and anonymity to study participants.Results: The mean overall score for clinical learning environment was 77.67, implying 57.0% satisfaction. Themean total scores for autonomy; teaching & social support was 25.6, 31.9 & 20.0 respecti...
Objective: To identify reasons for absenteeism of medical students in lectures and ward rotations... more Objective: To identify reasons for absenteeism of medical students in lectures and ward rotations during the clinical years and to find out various remedies as suggested by the students. Study Design: Mixed method study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Medical College Lahore, from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016. Material and Methods: It was a single center sequential mixed method study conducted from 2014 to 2016. The first phase was a survey using a questionnaire to find out reasons for absenteeism. Analysis of responses helped in the identification of grey areas which were clarified and recommendations were sought to improve attendance through focused group discussion (FGD). The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, and content analysis technique was combined with thematic analysis for qualitative data analysis. Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 300 students. The response rate was 77%. The reasons for not attending lectures, morning and ev...
Objective: Determine the effectiveness of case-based discussion (CbD) in terms of annual professi... more Objective: Determine the effectiveness of case-based discussion (CbD) in terms of annual professionalophthalmology examination performances (scores) at undergraduate level involving students.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry for under graduate 4th year MBBS class inOphthalmology (13 months‟ duration), from Dec 2013 to Dec 2014.Material and Methods: After approval from the IRB, scores of the historical control group, consisting of all4th year MBBS students from previous four years included (64, 89, 96 and 85 respectively) were collected, whounderwent traditional teaching. A total of 113 students were enrolled using non-probability conveniencesampling technique in the interventional group of the study, who were exposed to CbD. Their scores in theannual university examination were collected in the subject of ophthalmology. The data was analyzed for itsnormalcy and Mann Whitney test was applied for comparison. Score...
Objective: To determine whether general practitioners learned better with task-based learning or ... more Objective: To determine whether general practitioners learned better with task-based learning or problem-oriented lecture in a Continuing Medical Education (CME) set-up. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The Aga Khan University, Karachi campus, from April to June 2012. Methodology: Fifty-nine physicians were given a choice to opt for either Task-based Learning (TBL) or Problem Oriented Lecture (PBL) in a continuing medical education set-up about headaches. The TBL group had 30 participants divided into 10 small groups, and were assigned case-based tasks. The lecture group had 29 participants. Both groups were given a pre and a post-test. Pre/post assessment was done using one-best MCQs. The reliability coefficient of scores for both the groups was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. An item analysis for difficulty and discriminatory indices was calculated for both the groups. Paired t-test was used to determine the difference between pre- and p...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Generally in continuing education medical education (CME) the most time is consumed for in the pl... more Generally in continuing education medical education (CME) the most time is consumed for in the planning and preparation of the event. This planning and preparation, however, needs recognition through an evaluative process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate neurology CME in two educational methods, lecture vs task-based learning, using Patton's utilisation focused model. This was an observational, cross-sectional inquiry. The questionnaire evaluated the educational elements such as learning objectives met, content covered, presentations at the level of understanding, level of interaction, knowledge gained, time management, queries responded, organisation, quality of learning material and overall grading of the educational event. General Practitioners were the key participants in this evaluation and consisted of 60 self-selected physicians distributed equally in both the TBL and lecture groups. Patton's utilization focused model was used to produce findings for effecti...
Uploads
Papers by Amina Ahmad