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Amir Samimi

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Slovak University of Agriculture (SPU)

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Oladayo Awojobi

Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari

American University in Dubai

Wawa

Anna Sakson-Boulet

Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

University of Dundee

Marie-Solange Tiébré

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Papers by Amir Samimi

Explotion of Resources Management in Iran

Copyright © 2012 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Com... more Copyright © 2012 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT: The management of the car the water exposes to some serious crisis and problems such as inadequacy of water, The lack of access to the clean and health water, The quality of controlling the water sources, The disruption in the management of water sources, decreasing the financial source, The lack of Knowledge in the decision makers, and The security of the society being exposes to the danger considering the happened problems and crisis, different methods of managing the water sources such as The management based on the supply of water, the integral management of water sources and effective ways has grown up by passing of time. For the present time, safe guarding the water sources is one of the aims of the regimes of water sources ...

Modeling and Simulation for Olefin Production in

— The Ethylene production process is one of the most important aspects of a petrochemical plant. ... more — The Ethylene production process is one of the most important aspects of a petrochemical plant. The bulk of the worldwide annual commercial production of Ethylene is based on thermal cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons with steam. This process is commonly called Steam cracking process. This article deals with Amir Kabir Petrochemical Olefin Furnaces that are located in special region of Bandar Imam in Iran and all required information and data for modeling are offered in this article. In this research, the effect of COT (Coil outlet temperature) on the reactor yield is gained. A simulator is developed by the use of a mathematical model, which describes the static operation of a naphtha thermal cracking furnace. The model is used to predict the steady state profile of Ethylene and Propylene products yield. To study even more, the thermal cracking is simulated with Linde company software. The results of mathematical model and simulation have been compared with laboratory results of Ol...

New Method of Corrosion in Isomerization Units

Naphtha isomerization is one of the reactions present in catalytic conversion process of heavy na... more Naphtha isomerization is one of the reactions present in catalytic conversion process of heavy naphtha. The catalyst is highly active at 80-100 °C; however, due to corrosion, environmental issues, and the lack of appropriate selectivity, it has not been commonly used. In addition, since naphtha conversion catalysts act at 320-450 °C and at this temperature isomerization is not appropriately done, the catalyst did not show good activity in isomerization of light alkanes. The presence of a known concentration of HCl on the catalyst surface will cause the Bronsted places to have stability and maintain the catalytic activity during the reaction. In this research study, the conditional contract arrangement was utilized to extract the relevant knowledge in isomerization for 3 major factors: H2/HC, optimum pH and acidic site in catalyst. Results revealed that, the best range of temperature of light Naphtha in feed was less 30 °C, pressure of recycle gas was more than 35 bar, the H2/HC was ...

Problems of Hydrate Formation in Oil and Gas Pipes Deals

Iran among countries which have rich reserves of natural gas is one of the issues related to natu... more Iran among countries which have rich reserves of natural gas is one of the issues related to natural gas; gas hydrate formation that can cause problems in oil and gas industries to make, though the recent formation of hydrate as an advantage special use is named. But the hydrate formation in natural gas pipelines increased flow pressure drop flow path blockage and sometimes explosive pipeline will flow every year and ultimately lead to injury very much for the cost of oil and gas industry in Iran and around the world is. Hence the ability to predict hydrate formation conditions from the standpoint of production process, transfer and utilization is important and can prevent unexpected problems. In terms of structure, the solid hydrate material is a physical mixture of water with some hydrocarbons in the natural gas comes despite apparent or like ice, its properties are different. This article reviews the problems of hydrate formation in oil and gas pipes deals.

The necessity of risk management evaluations in petrochemical industries

The study looked at the need to manage risk in the petrochemical industry due to the horrific eve... more The study looked at the need to manage risk in the petrochemical industry due to the horrific events of recent accidents such as India's Bhopal (with 4,000 killed), Ukraine's Chernobyl (with 38 killed), Flixborough, England (With 28 people killed) and Italy's Seveso (with a gas mass released from the blast 6 km long and 1 km wide) (Flixborough Vapor Cloud Explosion). Recent events have drawn public attention to the chemical industry and various risks involved in the petrochemical industry, and then as a result have increased the need for systematic safety analysis of various processes in the chemical industry. According to the International Labor Organization, 5,000 people die every day in the world due to accidents and work-related illnesses and 4% of the world's GDP per year, or 51.53, 1.3 and 2 percent, respectively. Millions of US dollars are spent on direct and indirect costs of work-related illnesses and accidents, which is 20 times more than the total internat...

The Impact of Effective Risk Management on Corporate Financial Performance

This Present study examines the corporate financial performance and risk management in oil and ga... more This Present study examines the corporate financial performance and risk management in oil and gas companies. Basically, the importance and qualitative method of any research can be examined from two basic and applied aspects. In general, no comprehensive research has been conducted, regardless of the limited number of articles and sources that have occasionally examined and referred to the subject, as well as studies conducted at the theoretical level. Risk management is essentially the process of identifying, analyzing and accepting or reducing uncertainty in investment decisions. In terms of risk management in all financial markets, there are people who are always right and well-planned, both in terms of analysis and investment. In today's modern world, the importance of monetary and financial science is not hidden from anyone. In the meantime, the discussion of proper financial reporting and its various methods have particular importance due to the analysis of the next steps...

Study act of corrosion in external metal pipe lines and different ways of protection and contrast against mechanical injury and chemical corrosion

Corrosion from long time ago was one of the biggest problems of gas and oil industry. Corrosion n... more Corrosion from long time ago was one of the biggest problems of gas and oil industry. Corrosion not only cause to high costs of repairs ,but stopping production during repairing and safety matters cause to enormous loss .The importance of covering of underground pipes with plastic material in decade of 1970 continuously has been increased .So that in many cases ,replaced to traditional protector on the base of natural pitch and coal tar .In 1980 more progress was in the field of covering pipes with plastic materials that cause to decisively stabilization of polyethylene and molten connected epoxy as new protector for underground and sea pipe lines .So the aim of continuous extension of plastic materials and covering systems was in direction of making protection tools that are flexible for transferring and resting on extension slope from environment temperature and even preserve their integration in extension range of applied temperature .In this paper we try to study the act of corr...

Optimization of Corrosion Information in Oil and Gas Wells Using Electrochemical Experiments

Corrosion reactions are often complex heterogeneous reactions that are accelerated by interaction... more Corrosion reactions are often complex heterogeneous reactions that are accelerated by interactions such as: common kinetic considerations, electrolyte chemical composition, mass transfer between the electrolyte and the metal surface, Different surface effects such as adsorption, desorption and surface hardness are determined. The interactions between these factors make it difficult to reproduce electrochemical data or precise conditions that cause a metal to be corroded. These are the experimental factors that must be considered when corrosion tests are being designed. Ignoring these factors can produce data that does not provide the true corrosion behavior of the test metal under study. This paper presents the relationship between the inherent errors of corrosion measurement and suggestions on how to handle variability of electrochemical data.

Risk Management in Information Technology

Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research

Use of data mining in the corrosion classification of pipelines in Naphtha Hydro-Threating Unit (NHT)

Pipeline Science and Technology

N owadays, computational tools for analyzing and collecting data in the operation of petroleum un... more N owadays, computational tools for analyzing and collecting data in the operation of petroleum units are essential. One of the methods is the classification or regression to step in the overall process of knowledge extraction. In this paper, a specific type of decision tree algorithm, called the conditional contract arrangement, is Naphtha hydro-threating (NHT) units for 4 factors: Density, pH, total iron ions in vessels (S.FE) and H 2 S. All of these factors are related to corrosion in NHT units and this paper aims to optimize some conditions to eliminate it. In this regard, using ammonium water with a specific range and pH can be helpful. According to the obtained results the best range of density (in Feed) is less than 0.712 kg/m 3 , pH (water in vessels) is more than 6.5, S.FE is less than 1.4 ppm and H 2 S (in recycle gas) is less than 581 ppm. The outcomes also show how this approach can be used to gain insight into some refineries and how to deliver results in a comprehensible and user-friendly way.

Study of Operational Conditions in Octanizer and Hydro-Treating Units in Oil Refinery Company

Journal of Chemical Reviews

The catalytic conversion of naphtha is a refinery process in which heavy naphtha feeds through th... more The catalytic conversion of naphtha is a refinery process in which heavy naphtha feeds through the catalytic bed of several reactors at high temperatures and pressures that potentially increase the aromatics content of naphtha and its octane number. Usually, naphtha feed is used to remove the impurities that prevent useful reactions and cause poisoning of reformer catalysts. Operating abutments for the catalytic converter unit are temperature, pressure, metallurgical agent, hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio, and chlorine ratio. In this study, Operational Conditions in Octanizer and Hydro-treating Units in oil refinery companies is investigated and optimized the conditions of catalysis.

Offer a New Model to Prevent Formation of Hydrate in Gas Pipeline in Gas Refinery

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Dec 30, 2012

Water molecules by making hydrogen joint with its molecules creates holes in which quest molecule... more Water molecules by making hydrogen joint with its molecules creates holes in which quest molecules will be trapped and by creating van deer Waals joint with water molecules, hydrates crystals will be produced. Natural gas and crude oil in natural exist in underground reservoirs are in contact with water. Hydration needs condition which consists of having water in pipe line, high pressure (pressure always is high because of reinforcing gas pressure in gas transportation pipe lines), low temperature (temperature is always low in cold seasons of year), and presence of hydrate-making substances like methane, carbon dioxide, and... There are four methods to prevent hydration. This article will focus on analyzing synthetic inhibitors, and their function the task orders are as followed: 1. Synthetic investigation of hydrate formation with and without presence of inhibitor. 2. Using Kashchiev-Firozabad model and experimental data of gas transporting pipe lines for drawing synthetic graphs of gas hydrates formation with presence of synthetic inhibitors.

Investigating Applications of Non-Destructive Test in Oil Industry Corrosion

International Science and Investigation Journal, 2014

There are anodic and catholic point is corrosion process of laying pipe in corrosion occurred by ... more There are anodic and catholic point is corrosion process of laying pipe in corrosion occurred by electricity current of anodic regions. So we cannot partial Covered metal. Never metal piperâ€™s corrosion if covers were permanent or didnâ€™t hurt since installation or work, Defects in guard layer or holes force us to apply second type guard for metal in soil. Public method is catholic guard. Indeed current reach to pipe surface of environment, so we donâ€™t have corrosion and pipe guard. This is the simplest and method for testing facilities control. In this method control authority should check visually these issues. But sometimes they use cameras to send pictures to computer and computer recognized defects. Although sometimes we use magnifier to 10 times, measuring tools, Special pattern, flashlight, or optical set. Use microscope is not correct for optical investigating. Keywords: Corrosion, Chemical effect, electrical phenomenon, Oxidation.

Investigation Results of Properties of Stripe Coatings in Oil and Gas Pipelines

The studies have been done on the navy tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related... more The studies have been done on the navy tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related to the oil and gas industries, shows that in most cases, weld lines and edge of a sharp regions has been influencing on location of corrosion and eroding of effective thickness of coating film. So by initializing of coating separation is from the surface of tube and the other metal workforces, from the location of weld line and the edge of the other regions. Nowadays, experts of corrosion science and coating industries are trying to solve this problem by stripe coating. In this essay physical and mechanical properties of coating and tube surface as adherence on steel, traction strength, permeability, resistance on strike and etc is measured and compared for presence and absence of stripe coating according to valid standards. In addition, it being paid to scrutinize of his kind of coating, usage causes, how to apply and an offer in order to perform it in an oil and gas industries.

Application Polyurethane as Coating in Oil and Gas Pipelines

Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread... more Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread for military applications by Otto Bayer in 1930.In one general look polyurethane is product of Iso Syanate and ploy with each other, So that: Iso + ploy = polyurethane. Spend large cost for application and launching oil and gas transitions, has cleared the necessity protection from them agonist corrosion. In this direction protection coating with specific properties such as high electricity resistance presented to market by various companies that each of them has special advantage and disadvantages. In this research has tried while analysis coatings specifications of gas and oil transitional pipelines, has compared properties and common qualities of them with each other.

Scrutiny Water Penetration in Three-layer Polyethylene Coverage

Coverage in line pipes include of high costs. For this selecting cover and how apply is high impo... more Coverage in line pipes include of high costs. For this selecting cover and how apply is high important. Three fold polyethylenes include of epoxy layers, adhesive and polyethylene. Each other from layers having attributes that increasing its application for long term. Polyethylene layer is good shelter for prevent of physical damages. In attention to corrosion in lower temperature is a electrochemical reaction and rate of a electrochemical reaction is very impress of a element or very reactor from surface. This position occurred when influence of a element increasing of other cover controllers. A example of this issue that will be cause of outer corrosion in pipes under soil and this is very importance in work, this is leakage water into covers that can be measurable with coefficient of water leakage that can exchanging layers quality. This article has studied leakage water into three fold polyethylene cover. [Soroush Zarinabadi, Amir Samimi. Scrutiny Water Penetration in Three-layer Polyethylene Coverage.

The Application and New Mechanism of Universal Produce the 3-Layer Polyethylene Coating

Each of these coating systems are the advantages and limitations of its own that in many situatio... more Each of these coating systems are the advantages and limitations of its own that in many situations one is preferable to another, but in many other circumstances, there is the possibility of using both systems and makes it difficult to choose. In such situations must there is a good way to evaluate and compare that is reliable to would help in choosing the right system. Underground pipelines of new phase the wells gas and oil, are covered with Cole tar or strips of polyethylene from AL TENE that if performed correctly, the problem of corrosion is not observed. Good performance of coating depends heavily on the amount of adhesion to the metal surface. Initial adhesion and durability in terms of strike are factors that cause the high efficiency in the long run. The measure of initial adhesion has relationship with flow of the coating and wetting of its surface by applying of the coating and clean and ready of the pipe surface. This paper reviews the application and new mechanism of universal produce the 3-layer polyethylene coating and in end the new solutions are investigated.

Solousion for Corrosion Reducing Gas Pipe Line with Inspection for Preventing Fouling in Oil Exchangers

International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences

Inhibiting substance that low amount is added to the system to slow or stop the chemical reaction... more Inhibiting substance that low amount is added to the system to slow or stop the chemical reaction does. When inhibitors of corrosion medium are added, the speed of corrosion decreases to zero takes. For the first time a deterrent mineral called arsenate sodium for inhibition steels carbon in oil wells was used to corrosion of CO2 prevented, but due to low yield was not satisfactory and therefore the other inhibitors were used. The present study includes two parts: the first section addresses fouling factor, its disadvantages, and circumstance of formation, fouling types, and general models of the fouling. In the second part, the problem of fouling in oil exchanger and particular type of fouling, namely, wax fouling in the oil mixtures has been studied. This paper reviews the fouling which is the most important parameter in designing heat exchanger and states the losses of the oil industry and other industries related to ignoring this issue. Failing to estimate this factor correctly, can result into problems in exchanger and as a result fluids of the process fail to reach the desired temperature.

Calculation of Corrosion in Oil and Gas Refinery with EOR Method

EOR method evaluation is performing for petroleum gravity, stone type, and tank humectant and tan... more EOR method evaluation is performing for petroleum gravity, stone type, and tank humectant and tank localities conditions for liquid injection. If the frame is humectant, petroleum exit will perform whenever the pressure is more than threshold; this is controllable by the height of tank block. Experiments and experimental data for recovery capillary absorption are according to data in 1950. Brownscoble & Dyse (1952) studied the ability of water absorption in the sandstone lands. The studies have been done on the tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related to the oil and gas industries, shows that in most cases, weld lines and edge of a sharp regions has been influencing on location of corrosion and eroding of effective thickness of coating film. In this study we studied EOR methods for dense oil recovery from mold in the breakage tanks. Analyze and comparison of recovery with capillarity of salty water, polymeric solution and hot water on different sample of rocks showed high recovery of dense row oil in the EOR methods, and it is more detected in the diluted row oil. Oil (diluted) can recover by water injection in the sand stone condition and with chemical matter and thermal methods. Hot water recovery is more rapid and higher than chemical recovery.

Use of Polyurethane Coating to Prevent Corrosion in Oil and Gas Pipelines Transfer

Corrosion is one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry is one that automatically allo... more Corrosion is one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry is one that automatically allocates huge sums annually. Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread for military applications by Otto Bayer in 1930. In one general look polyurethane is product of Iso Syanate and ploy with each other, So that: Iso + ploy = polyurethane. Spend large cost for application and launching oil and gas transitions, has cleared the necessity protection from them agonist corrosion. In this direction protection coating with specific properties such as high electricity resistance presented to market by various companies that each of them has special advantage and disadvantages. In this research has tried while analysis coatings specifications of gas and oil transitional pipelines, has compared properties and common qualities of them with each other.

Explotion of Resources Management in Iran

Copyright © 2012 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Com... more Copyright © 2012 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT: The management of the car the water exposes to some serious crisis and problems such as inadequacy of water, The lack of access to the clean and health water, The quality of controlling the water sources, The disruption in the management of water sources, decreasing the financial source, The lack of Knowledge in the decision makers, and The security of the society being exposes to the danger considering the happened problems and crisis, different methods of managing the water sources such as The management based on the supply of water, the integral management of water sources and effective ways has grown up by passing of time. For the present time, safe guarding the water sources is one of the aims of the regimes of water sources ...

Modeling and Simulation for Olefin Production in

— The Ethylene production process is one of the most important aspects of a petrochemical plant. ... more — The Ethylene production process is one of the most important aspects of a petrochemical plant. The bulk of the worldwide annual commercial production of Ethylene is based on thermal cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons with steam. This process is commonly called Steam cracking process. This article deals with Amir Kabir Petrochemical Olefin Furnaces that are located in special region of Bandar Imam in Iran and all required information and data for modeling are offered in this article. In this research, the effect of COT (Coil outlet temperature) on the reactor yield is gained. A simulator is developed by the use of a mathematical model, which describes the static operation of a naphtha thermal cracking furnace. The model is used to predict the steady state profile of Ethylene and Propylene products yield. To study even more, the thermal cracking is simulated with Linde company software. The results of mathematical model and simulation have been compared with laboratory results of Ol...

New Method of Corrosion in Isomerization Units

Naphtha isomerization is one of the reactions present in catalytic conversion process of heavy na... more Naphtha isomerization is one of the reactions present in catalytic conversion process of heavy naphtha. The catalyst is highly active at 80-100 °C; however, due to corrosion, environmental issues, and the lack of appropriate selectivity, it has not been commonly used. In addition, since naphtha conversion catalysts act at 320-450 °C and at this temperature isomerization is not appropriately done, the catalyst did not show good activity in isomerization of light alkanes. The presence of a known concentration of HCl on the catalyst surface will cause the Bronsted places to have stability and maintain the catalytic activity during the reaction. In this research study, the conditional contract arrangement was utilized to extract the relevant knowledge in isomerization for 3 major factors: H2/HC, optimum pH and acidic site in catalyst. Results revealed that, the best range of temperature of light Naphtha in feed was less 30 °C, pressure of recycle gas was more than 35 bar, the H2/HC was ...

Problems of Hydrate Formation in Oil and Gas Pipes Deals

Iran among countries which have rich reserves of natural gas is one of the issues related to natu... more Iran among countries which have rich reserves of natural gas is one of the issues related to natural gas; gas hydrate formation that can cause problems in oil and gas industries to make, though the recent formation of hydrate as an advantage special use is named. But the hydrate formation in natural gas pipelines increased flow pressure drop flow path blockage and sometimes explosive pipeline will flow every year and ultimately lead to injury very much for the cost of oil and gas industry in Iran and around the world is. Hence the ability to predict hydrate formation conditions from the standpoint of production process, transfer and utilization is important and can prevent unexpected problems. In terms of structure, the solid hydrate material is a physical mixture of water with some hydrocarbons in the natural gas comes despite apparent or like ice, its properties are different. This article reviews the problems of hydrate formation in oil and gas pipes deals.

The necessity of risk management evaluations in petrochemical industries

The study looked at the need to manage risk in the petrochemical industry due to the horrific eve... more The study looked at the need to manage risk in the petrochemical industry due to the horrific events of recent accidents such as India's Bhopal (with 4,000 killed), Ukraine's Chernobyl (with 38 killed), Flixborough, England (With 28 people killed) and Italy's Seveso (with a gas mass released from the blast 6 km long and 1 km wide) (Flixborough Vapor Cloud Explosion). Recent events have drawn public attention to the chemical industry and various risks involved in the petrochemical industry, and then as a result have increased the need for systematic safety analysis of various processes in the chemical industry. According to the International Labor Organization, 5,000 people die every day in the world due to accidents and work-related illnesses and 4% of the world's GDP per year, or 51.53, 1.3 and 2 percent, respectively. Millions of US dollars are spent on direct and indirect costs of work-related illnesses and accidents, which is 20 times more than the total internat...

The Impact of Effective Risk Management on Corporate Financial Performance

This Present study examines the corporate financial performance and risk management in oil and ga... more This Present study examines the corporate financial performance and risk management in oil and gas companies. Basically, the importance and qualitative method of any research can be examined from two basic and applied aspects. In general, no comprehensive research has been conducted, regardless of the limited number of articles and sources that have occasionally examined and referred to the subject, as well as studies conducted at the theoretical level. Risk management is essentially the process of identifying, analyzing and accepting or reducing uncertainty in investment decisions. In terms of risk management in all financial markets, there are people who are always right and well-planned, both in terms of analysis and investment. In today's modern world, the importance of monetary and financial science is not hidden from anyone. In the meantime, the discussion of proper financial reporting and its various methods have particular importance due to the analysis of the next steps...

Study act of corrosion in external metal pipe lines and different ways of protection and contrast against mechanical injury and chemical corrosion

Corrosion from long time ago was one of the biggest problems of gas and oil industry. Corrosion n... more Corrosion from long time ago was one of the biggest problems of gas and oil industry. Corrosion not only cause to high costs of repairs ,but stopping production during repairing and safety matters cause to enormous loss .The importance of covering of underground pipes with plastic material in decade of 1970 continuously has been increased .So that in many cases ,replaced to traditional protector on the base of natural pitch and coal tar .In 1980 more progress was in the field of covering pipes with plastic materials that cause to decisively stabilization of polyethylene and molten connected epoxy as new protector for underground and sea pipe lines .So the aim of continuous extension of plastic materials and covering systems was in direction of making protection tools that are flexible for transferring and resting on extension slope from environment temperature and even preserve their integration in extension range of applied temperature .In this paper we try to study the act of corr...

Optimization of Corrosion Information in Oil and Gas Wells Using Electrochemical Experiments

Corrosion reactions are often complex heterogeneous reactions that are accelerated by interaction... more Corrosion reactions are often complex heterogeneous reactions that are accelerated by interactions such as: common kinetic considerations, electrolyte chemical composition, mass transfer between the electrolyte and the metal surface, Different surface effects such as adsorption, desorption and surface hardness are determined. The interactions between these factors make it difficult to reproduce electrochemical data or precise conditions that cause a metal to be corroded. These are the experimental factors that must be considered when corrosion tests are being designed. Ignoring these factors can produce data that does not provide the true corrosion behavior of the test metal under study. This paper presents the relationship between the inherent errors of corrosion measurement and suggestions on how to handle variability of electrochemical data.

Risk Management in Information Technology

Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research

Use of data mining in the corrosion classification of pipelines in Naphtha Hydro-Threating Unit (NHT)

Pipeline Science and Technology

N owadays, computational tools for analyzing and collecting data in the operation of petroleum un... more N owadays, computational tools for analyzing and collecting data in the operation of petroleum units are essential. One of the methods is the classification or regression to step in the overall process of knowledge extraction. In this paper, a specific type of decision tree algorithm, called the conditional contract arrangement, is Naphtha hydro-threating (NHT) units for 4 factors: Density, pH, total iron ions in vessels (S.FE) and H 2 S. All of these factors are related to corrosion in NHT units and this paper aims to optimize some conditions to eliminate it. In this regard, using ammonium water with a specific range and pH can be helpful. According to the obtained results the best range of density (in Feed) is less than 0.712 kg/m 3 , pH (water in vessels) is more than 6.5, S.FE is less than 1.4 ppm and H 2 S (in recycle gas) is less than 581 ppm. The outcomes also show how this approach can be used to gain insight into some refineries and how to deliver results in a comprehensible and user-friendly way.

Study of Operational Conditions in Octanizer and Hydro-Treating Units in Oil Refinery Company

Journal of Chemical Reviews

The catalytic conversion of naphtha is a refinery process in which heavy naphtha feeds through th... more The catalytic conversion of naphtha is a refinery process in which heavy naphtha feeds through the catalytic bed of several reactors at high temperatures and pressures that potentially increase the aromatics content of naphtha and its octane number. Usually, naphtha feed is used to remove the impurities that prevent useful reactions and cause poisoning of reformer catalysts. Operating abutments for the catalytic converter unit are temperature, pressure, metallurgical agent, hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio, and chlorine ratio. In this study, Operational Conditions in Octanizer and Hydro-treating Units in oil refinery companies is investigated and optimized the conditions of catalysis.

Offer a New Model to Prevent Formation of Hydrate in Gas Pipeline in Gas Refinery

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Dec 30, 2012

Water molecules by making hydrogen joint with its molecules creates holes in which quest molecule... more Water molecules by making hydrogen joint with its molecules creates holes in which quest molecules will be trapped and by creating van deer Waals joint with water molecules, hydrates crystals will be produced. Natural gas and crude oil in natural exist in underground reservoirs are in contact with water. Hydration needs condition which consists of having water in pipe line, high pressure (pressure always is high because of reinforcing gas pressure in gas transportation pipe lines), low temperature (temperature is always low in cold seasons of year), and presence of hydrate-making substances like methane, carbon dioxide, and... There are four methods to prevent hydration. This article will focus on analyzing synthetic inhibitors, and their function the task orders are as followed: 1. Synthetic investigation of hydrate formation with and without presence of inhibitor. 2. Using Kashchiev-Firozabad model and experimental data of gas transporting pipe lines for drawing synthetic graphs of gas hydrates formation with presence of synthetic inhibitors.

Investigating Applications of Non-Destructive Test in Oil Industry Corrosion

International Science and Investigation Journal, 2014

There are anodic and catholic point is corrosion process of laying pipe in corrosion occurred by ... more There are anodic and catholic point is corrosion process of laying pipe in corrosion occurred by electricity current of anodic regions. So we cannot partial Covered metal. Never metal piperâ€™s corrosion if covers were permanent or didnâ€™t hurt since installation or work, Defects in guard layer or holes force us to apply second type guard for metal in soil. Public method is catholic guard. Indeed current reach to pipe surface of environment, so we donâ€™t have corrosion and pipe guard. This is the simplest and method for testing facilities control. In this method control authority should check visually these issues. But sometimes they use cameras to send pictures to computer and computer recognized defects. Although sometimes we use magnifier to 10 times, measuring tools, Special pattern, flashlight, or optical set. Use microscope is not correct for optical investigating. Keywords: Corrosion, Chemical effect, electrical phenomenon, Oxidation.

Investigation Results of Properties of Stripe Coatings in Oil and Gas Pipelines

The studies have been done on the navy tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related... more The studies have been done on the navy tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related to the oil and gas industries, shows that in most cases, weld lines and edge of a sharp regions has been influencing on location of corrosion and eroding of effective thickness of coating film. So by initializing of coating separation is from the surface of tube and the other metal workforces, from the location of weld line and the edge of the other regions. Nowadays, experts of corrosion science and coating industries are trying to solve this problem by stripe coating. In this essay physical and mechanical properties of coating and tube surface as adherence on steel, traction strength, permeability, resistance on strike and etc is measured and compared for presence and absence of stripe coating according to valid standards. In addition, it being paid to scrutinize of his kind of coating, usage causes, how to apply and an offer in order to perform it in an oil and gas industries.

Application Polyurethane as Coating in Oil and Gas Pipelines

Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread... more Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread for military applications by Otto Bayer in 1930.In one general look polyurethane is product of Iso Syanate and ploy with each other, So that: Iso + ploy = polyurethane. Spend large cost for application and launching oil and gas transitions, has cleared the necessity protection from them agonist corrosion. In this direction protection coating with specific properties such as high electricity resistance presented to market by various companies that each of them has special advantage and disadvantages. In this research has tried while analysis coatings specifications of gas and oil transitional pipelines, has compared properties and common qualities of them with each other.

Scrutiny Water Penetration in Three-layer Polyethylene Coverage

Coverage in line pipes include of high costs. For this selecting cover and how apply is high impo... more Coverage in line pipes include of high costs. For this selecting cover and how apply is high important. Three fold polyethylenes include of epoxy layers, adhesive and polyethylene. Each other from layers having attributes that increasing its application for long term. Polyethylene layer is good shelter for prevent of physical damages. In attention to corrosion in lower temperature is a electrochemical reaction and rate of a electrochemical reaction is very impress of a element or very reactor from surface. This position occurred when influence of a element increasing of other cover controllers. A example of this issue that will be cause of outer corrosion in pipes under soil and this is very importance in work, this is leakage water into covers that can be measurable with coefficient of water leakage that can exchanging layers quality. This article has studied leakage water into three fold polyethylene cover. [Soroush Zarinabadi, Amir Samimi. Scrutiny Water Penetration in Three-layer Polyethylene Coverage.

The Application and New Mechanism of Universal Produce the 3-Layer Polyethylene Coating

Each of these coating systems are the advantages and limitations of its own that in many situatio... more Each of these coating systems are the advantages and limitations of its own that in many situations one is preferable to another, but in many other circumstances, there is the possibility of using both systems and makes it difficult to choose. In such situations must there is a good way to evaluate and compare that is reliable to would help in choosing the right system. Underground pipelines of new phase the wells gas and oil, are covered with Cole tar or strips of polyethylene from AL TENE that if performed correctly, the problem of corrosion is not observed. Good performance of coating depends heavily on the amount of adhesion to the metal surface. Initial adhesion and durability in terms of strike are factors that cause the high efficiency in the long run. The measure of initial adhesion has relationship with flow of the coating and wetting of its surface by applying of the coating and clean and ready of the pipe surface. This paper reviews the application and new mechanism of universal produce the 3-layer polyethylene coating and in end the new solutions are investigated.

Solousion for Corrosion Reducing Gas Pipe Line with Inspection for Preventing Fouling in Oil Exchangers

International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences

Inhibiting substance that low amount is added to the system to slow or stop the chemical reaction... more Inhibiting substance that low amount is added to the system to slow or stop the chemical reaction does. When inhibitors of corrosion medium are added, the speed of corrosion decreases to zero takes. For the first time a deterrent mineral called arsenate sodium for inhibition steels carbon in oil wells was used to corrosion of CO2 prevented, but due to low yield was not satisfactory and therefore the other inhibitors were used. The present study includes two parts: the first section addresses fouling factor, its disadvantages, and circumstance of formation, fouling types, and general models of the fouling. In the second part, the problem of fouling in oil exchanger and particular type of fouling, namely, wax fouling in the oil mixtures has been studied. This paper reviews the fouling which is the most important parameter in designing heat exchanger and states the losses of the oil industry and other industries related to ignoring this issue. Failing to estimate this factor correctly, can result into problems in exchanger and as a result fluids of the process fail to reach the desired temperature.

Calculation of Corrosion in Oil and Gas Refinery with EOR Method

EOR method evaluation is performing for petroleum gravity, stone type, and tank humectant and tan... more EOR method evaluation is performing for petroleum gravity, stone type, and tank humectant and tank localities conditions for liquid injection. If the frame is humectant, petroleum exit will perform whenever the pressure is more than threshold; this is controllable by the height of tank block. Experiments and experimental data for recovery capillary absorption are according to data in 1950. Brownscoble & Dyse (1952) studied the ability of water absorption in the sandstone lands. The studies have been done on the tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related to the oil and gas industries, shows that in most cases, weld lines and edge of a sharp regions has been influencing on location of corrosion and eroding of effective thickness of coating film. In this study we studied EOR methods for dense oil recovery from mold in the breakage tanks. Analyze and comparison of recovery with capillarity of salty water, polymeric solution and hot water on different sample of rocks showed high recovery of dense row oil in the EOR methods, and it is more detected in the diluted row oil. Oil (diluted) can recover by water injection in the sand stone condition and with chemical matter and thermal methods. Hot water recovery is more rapid and higher than chemical recovery.

Use of Polyurethane Coating to Prevent Corrosion in Oil and Gas Pipelines Transfer

Corrosion is one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry is one that automatically allo... more Corrosion is one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry is one that automatically allocates huge sums annually. Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread for military applications by Otto Bayer in 1930. In one general look polyurethane is product of Iso Syanate and ploy with each other, So that: Iso + ploy = polyurethane. Spend large cost for application and launching oil and gas transitions, has cleared the necessity protection from them agonist corrosion. In this direction protection coating with specific properties such as high electricity resistance presented to market by various companies that each of them has special advantage and disadvantages. In this research has tried while analysis coatings specifications of gas and oil transitional pipelines, has compared properties and common qualities of them with each other.