Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Hutan kota kawasan industri untuk kon... more Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Hutan kota kawasan industri untuk konservasi ex-situ flora endemik dan terancam punah di lingkungan perkotaan. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 323-333. Industri di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat tumbuh pesat dan salah satu kawasan industri yang sedang tumbuh pesat adalah Kecamatan Gunung Putri. Dalam pengembangan Industri, kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor adalah membangun hutan kota untuk memperbaiki lingkungan dan mendukung pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekayaan dan keanekaragaman vegetasi hutan kota PT. AGM Gunung Putri serta dampaknya bagi peningkatan kekayaan dan keanekaragaman jenis fauna. Sensus dan geotagging pohon serta observasi satwaliar dilakukan di seluruh area hutan kota. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa hutan kota PT. AGM Gunung Putri dapat dikategorikan sebagai hutan kota kawasan permukiman; hutan kota kawasan industri; dan hutan kota untuk pelestarian...
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2017
Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Industrial urban forest for ex situ c... more Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Industrial urban forest for ex situ conservation of endemic and threatened species of flora in urban environment. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 323-333. Industrial estate in Bogor regency is growing fastly, and one of the fastest growing industry is Sub District of Gunung Putri. Policy of the local government in supporting industrial estate is developing urban forest to improve environmental quality and conserving indigenous threatened species of flora. The objective of this research is to identify the richness and diversity of flora in the urban forest of PT. AGM Gunung Putri and its impact on the increase of richness and diversity of fauna. Census and geotagging of trees and field observation on fauna were conducted throughout the urban forest area. The result concludes that urban forest of PT. AGM Gunung Putri can be categorized as urban settlement forest, industrial urban forest and biodiversity conservation urban f...
Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sihombing VS. 2016. Diversity of faunal communities in the Biodive... more Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sihombing VS. 2016. Diversity of faunal communities in the Biodiversity Park of Ciherang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 479-486. A Biodiversity Park is a new concept for ex situ conservation in Indonesia which was first launched in 2012. The purposes of a Biodiversity Park are to conserve indigenous and threatened species of flora, provide habitat for a diversity of animals, and to provide opportunities for economic benefit, recreation, education and research. The main goal of Biodiversity Park is to increase flora and fauna diversity in the midst of human settlement and industrial precincts. This research was directed at studying the diversity of faunal communities in the Biodiversity Park of Aqua Danone Ciherang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Line transects, walk transects, terrestrial transects and point count methods were combined to census the mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds in the Biodiversity Park. Twenty five families of...
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2019
Abstract. Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sudarso I. 2019. Perception of students of elementary an... more Abstract. Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sudarso I. 2019. Perception of students of elementary and junior high schools on urban forest in industrial estate of Gunung Putri, Bogor, West Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 179-189. Education activities in an industrial estate facing some problems generated from industrial activities impacts. The presence of urban forest in an indutrial estate is subjected to improve the environment quality for human being through environmental services. Urban forest is also functioned as an area for environmental education to encourage the students understanding the importance of environment conservation. This study aims to identify and measure the knowledge and perceptions of elementary and junior high school students on urban forest and its benefits and student responses to several go green actions. Some questions with close and open answers in questionaire form were distributed to 50 student respondents of junior high school and 77 student resp...
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS), 2019
The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conf... more The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conflict triggered by elephant disturbances to the community fields and gardens. Research on human-elephant conflict around Plantation Forest Area (PFA) was conducted in Ulak Kedondong Village, Cengal District, OKI Regency, from August to November 2017. The aim of the research was to determine elephant disturbances, perception and socioeconomic characteristic of the community toward elephant conservation value. Purposive random sampling was used to determine the respondents to be interviewed by using structured questionary. The results showed that the PFA area and community gardens of Ulak Kedondong Village in Cengal District were often suffered from elephant disturbances. The communities education level are mostly elementary school graduates (51.6%) and only 9.68% are high school graduates. The majority of respondents have the main occupation as farmers (88.9%). Elephant disturbances in the villages cause damage to community gardens especially rubber plantation leading to economic losses. The existence of elephant disturbances influence the community perceptions to the conservation of elephant negatively, as indicated by 91.7% of respondents stating that elephants are harmful and not useful. To minimize conflict, increasing feed availabilities through habitat enhancement are urgently needed.
Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton) has been conserved and domesticated as balinese cow (Bos taurus L... more Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton) has been conserved and domesticated as balinese cow (Bos taurus Linnaeus) since 3,500 BC. Because of decreasing balinese cow body weight average, banteng has been used as germplasm. The research was conducted to observe morphometric organs and genetic variabilities of banteng in conservation areas and conservation institutions. The relationship between banteng and balinese cow was also observed through population and individual genetic distances. Sequences of multiple alignment with Clustal X 1.83 programme and analysed filogenetic through neighbor-joining method were used. The morphometric banteng in Ragunan and Surabaya Zoos has changed physically and biologically, which may be due to the genetic distance in the population of 0.000. In conservation areas, the biggest morphometric organs of banteng was from Baluran National Park, as seen from foot size and feet distance. The result of multiple alignment indicated that 657 bp of fragmented D-loop DNA mitochondria consist of six haplotipes. The balinese cow had a higher genetic variability than banteng. As genetic distance between haplotipes was low (0,000-0,009), the kinship relationship between banteng and balinese cow was very close. To support a breeding program of balinese cow, it can be crossing match with banteng from national park.
The use of alternative feed for Sunda pangolin in captivity is one way to cope with a shortage of... more The use of alternative feed for Sunda pangolin in captivity is one way to cope with a shortage of feed. The aims of the research was to determine the impact of the use of alternative feed toward feed consumption and daily weight gain of pangolin in captivity. The research was conducted at Research Forest Dramaga, Bogor. The research material used by 4 individual pangolin consists of 2 males and 2 females with an average weight of 4.28 ± 0.22 kg. Research using 4x4 Latin Square Design, with 7 days of preliminary period and 14 days of data collection. The treatment applied were 4 alternative feeding i.e A= 50% kroto + 50% egg; B= 50% kroto + 50% tofu; C= 50% kroto + 20% egg + 30% tofu; D= 50% kroto + 18% egg + 26% tofu + 6% termites. The results showed that the effect of alternative feed not significantly (P<0.05) on feed consumption and body weight gain pangolin. Pangolin with treatment C consumed feed based on dry matter as much as 63.08 grams per day or 10.46% from body weight a...
Captive breeding is one of the alternative solution to reduce the extinction of pangolin (Manis j... more Captive breeding is one of the alternative solution to reduce the extinction of pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822). This research was aimed to determine the feeding intake and the growth of the pangolin body through the provision of alternative feeding from agricultural wastes and rotten woods. The research was conducted at Multi Jaya Abadi Captive Breeding, located in Medan North Sumatra. Four pangolins were used as material for this study and the observation was done for 14 days. The pangolins were treated with four types of feeding treatments, i.e. A (mixture of rice bran, corn flour and kroto), B (mixture of rice bran, corn flour, and worm), C (mixture of rice bran, corn flour, and cricket), and D (mixture of rice bran, corn flour, and termites). Of the four treatments, feeding alternative of D was the most preferred by pangolin, followed by alternatives A, B and C. This result showed that pangolin in the captive breeding in Medan prefer feeding termites (24.24%), then followed by kroto (20.97%), worms (10.56%), and crickets (9.17%).
Forest land converted into palm oil plantations have caused habitat fragmentation of elephant and... more Forest land converted into palm oil plantations have caused habitat fragmentation of elephant and land degradation. These lead to land use conflict between human and elephant. The conflict often caused the elephant killed and destructed agricultural land. The study was aimed to estimate potential use and carrying capacity of elephant habitat. Data collection of undergrowth vegetation were analyzed using twelve square plots of 1 x 1m, the distance between the plot of 50 m, tree vegetation of seedlings size 1 x 1 m, saplings 5 x 5 m, and trees 20 x 20 m, the distance between the plot of 200 m and of 1000 m lenght. Vegetation used as elephants feed were observed using purposive sampling and systematically procedure. The analysis showed that biomass of plants producing elephant fodder in Tambang Besi were of Cyperus rotundus (3600.26 kg/ha), Cynodon dactylon (346.74 kg/ha), Melaleuca leucadendron (255.21 kg/ha), and Melastoma malabatricum (156.40 kg/ha). While, the highest biomass in Tebing Penigasan plot was Cyperus rotundus (3575 kg/ha), and in Barak Gajah Plot was Isachne globusa (4013.33 kg/ha). The carrying capacity of elephants habitat of Tambang Besi, Tebing Penigasan, and Barak Gajah plots were 0.78, 0.29, and 0.41 individual/ha/day, respectively.
Understorey in a forest area can be utilized as herbivorous animal feed, as well as carbon storag... more Understorey in a forest area can be utilized as herbivorous animal feed, as well as carbon storage. In Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency, the understorey is utilized by elephant as feed habitat. The study aimed to determine the diversity, productivity and potential for carbon content of understorey in A. Crassicarpa plantation in OKI Regency. The method used for collection of understorey data was square plot method with 1x1m size, where the first plot was determined randomly and followed by the subsequent plots systematically. The results found out 8 types of understorey species with important index values in sequence were Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw) Schott. 66.90%; Melastoma malabathricum L. 44.14% and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F.) Bedd. 36.18%. The species of feed that most eaten by the elephants were Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott., Cyperus kyllinga Endl. and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. f.) Bedd. The domination of understorey in the stand of Germplasm Conservation Area (KPPN) (0,1611) was greater compared to those in block A (0,1124) and block E (0,1512). The total biomass of the understorey in Block A (3 year old A. Crassicarpa stand), E Block (3,3 year old A. Crassicarpa stand), and KPPN were 561,8 kg/ha; 371,48 kg/ha; and 383,84 kg/ha, respectively. Carrying capacity of the understorey as feed for elephants during the dry season in block A was for 10,54 elephants; block E was for 2,10 elephants and KPPN was for 79,37 elephants. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of elephant feed and minimize elephant interference to plantation, the quality of KPPN needs to be improved.
The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conf... more The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conflict triggered by elephant disturbances to the community fields and gardens. Research on human-elephant conflict around Plantation Forest Area (PFA) was conducted in Ulak Kedondong Village, Cengal District, OKI Regency, from August to November 2017. The aim of the research was to determine elephant disturbances, perception and socioeconomic characteristic of the community toward elephant conservation value. Purposive random sampling was used to determine the respondents to be interviewed by using structured questionary. The results showed that the PFA area and community gardens of Ulak Kedondong Village in Cengal District were often suffered from elephant disturbances. The communities education level are mostly elementary school graduates (51.6%) and only 9.68% are high school graduates. The majority of respondents have the main occupation as farmers (88.9%). Elephant disturbances in the villages cause damage to community gardens especially rubber plantation leading to economic losses. The existence of elephant disturbances influence the community perceptions to the conservation of elephant negatively, as indicated by 91.7% of respondents stating that elephants are harmful and not useful. To minimize conflict, increasing feed availabilities through habitat enhancement are urgently needed.
Genetic research of pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is very limited, so the study of ge... more Genetic research of pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is very limited, so the study of genetic diversity pangolin using mitochondrial DNA analysis is important. This study was conducted to identify and analyze variability of genes and genetic distance of pangolin from various locations of conservation areas and conservation organizations in Sumatera and Java islands. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA D-loop of pangolin resulted 1129 base pairs, which contained 55 haplotypes with total numbers of 120 polymorphic sites and 12 haplogroups. Nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.008 and haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.994 ± 0.006, indicated that genetic diversity of the population was very high. Tajima test resulted D value of-2.337 and it was significantly different (P<0.01), whereas Fu and Li's tests resulted D:-4.444 and F:-4.337, both were significantly different (P<0.02) on genetic distance between haplotypes of pangolin populations. It is an indicator of high genetic diversity and population expansion on the pangolin.
Research of elephant conflict with community have been conducted in Sungai Menang District, Ogan ... more Research of elephant conflict with community have been conducted in Sungai Menang District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera Province. This study was conducted in three villages in September through December 2015. This study aimed to identify the perception and socioeconomic characteristics of the community related to the conflict towards elephant conservation value. Data was collected through structured interview, while respondents were selected intentionally (purposive sampling). The results are shown that the level of community education in the village of Gajah Mati dan Gajah Mulya are low, 51% and 47% respectively, which are elementary school graduates, while the level of education in the village of Gajah Mukti is 58% of high school graduates. The majority of respondents are in productive age classes and worked as a farmer. The average income per month of people in the village of Gajah Mati is Rp1,814,583, while in Gajah Mukti and Gajah Mulya Village are Rp1,158,750 and Rp1,060,833 respectively. Elephants disturbance occur in all respondent villages and has an impact on the community perception of the elephant conservation becomes negative. Most respondents want that the elephants are relocated to Padang Sugihan Wildlife Sanctuary which is suitable for the habitat of the elephants.
Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Hutan kota kawasan industri untuk kon... more Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Hutan kota kawasan industri untuk konservasi ex-situ flora endemik dan terancam punah di lingkungan perkotaan. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 323-333. Industri di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat tumbuh pesat dan salah satu kawasan industri yang sedang tumbuh pesat adalah Kecamatan Gunung Putri. Dalam pengembangan Industri, kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor adalah membangun hutan kota untuk memperbaiki lingkungan dan mendukung pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekayaan dan keanekaragaman vegetasi hutan kota PT. AGM Gunung Putri serta dampaknya bagi peningkatan kekayaan dan keanekaragaman jenis fauna. Sensus dan geotagging pohon serta observasi satwaliar dilakukan di seluruh area hutan kota. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa hutan kota PT. AGM Gunung Putri dapat dikategorikan sebagai hutan kota kawasan permukiman; hutan kota kawasan industri; dan hutan kota untuk pelestarian...
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2017
Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Industrial urban forest for ex situ c... more Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Rendra PPR, Sudarso I. 2017. Industrial urban forest for ex situ conservation of endemic and threatened species of flora in urban environment. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 323-333. Industrial estate in Bogor regency is growing fastly, and one of the fastest growing industry is Sub District of Gunung Putri. Policy of the local government in supporting industrial estate is developing urban forest to improve environmental quality and conserving indigenous threatened species of flora. The objective of this research is to identify the richness and diversity of flora in the urban forest of PT. AGM Gunung Putri and its impact on the increase of richness and diversity of fauna. Census and geotagging of trees and field observation on fauna were conducted throughout the urban forest area. The result concludes that urban forest of PT. AGM Gunung Putri can be categorized as urban settlement forest, industrial urban forest and biodiversity conservation urban f...
Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sihombing VS. 2016. Diversity of faunal communities in the Biodive... more Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sihombing VS. 2016. Diversity of faunal communities in the Biodiversity Park of Ciherang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 479-486. A Biodiversity Park is a new concept for ex situ conservation in Indonesia which was first launched in 2012. The purposes of a Biodiversity Park are to conserve indigenous and threatened species of flora, provide habitat for a diversity of animals, and to provide opportunities for economic benefit, recreation, education and research. The main goal of Biodiversity Park is to increase flora and fauna diversity in the midst of human settlement and industrial precincts. This research was directed at studying the diversity of faunal communities in the Biodiversity Park of Aqua Danone Ciherang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Line transects, walk transects, terrestrial transects and point count methods were combined to census the mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds in the Biodiversity Park. Twenty five families of...
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2019
Abstract. Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sudarso I. 2019. Perception of students of elementary an... more Abstract. Gunawan H, Sugiarti, Rianti A, Sudarso I. 2019. Perception of students of elementary and junior high schools on urban forest in industrial estate of Gunung Putri, Bogor, West Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 179-189. Education activities in an industrial estate facing some problems generated from industrial activities impacts. The presence of urban forest in an indutrial estate is subjected to improve the environment quality for human being through environmental services. Urban forest is also functioned as an area for environmental education to encourage the students understanding the importance of environment conservation. This study aims to identify and measure the knowledge and perceptions of elementary and junior high school students on urban forest and its benefits and student responses to several go green actions. Some questions with close and open answers in questionaire form were distributed to 50 student respondents of junior high school and 77 student resp...
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS), 2019
The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conf... more The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conflict triggered by elephant disturbances to the community fields and gardens. Research on human-elephant conflict around Plantation Forest Area (PFA) was conducted in Ulak Kedondong Village, Cengal District, OKI Regency, from August to November 2017. The aim of the research was to determine elephant disturbances, perception and socioeconomic characteristic of the community toward elephant conservation value. Purposive random sampling was used to determine the respondents to be interviewed by using structured questionary. The results showed that the PFA area and community gardens of Ulak Kedondong Village in Cengal District were often suffered from elephant disturbances. The communities education level are mostly elementary school graduates (51.6%) and only 9.68% are high school graduates. The majority of respondents have the main occupation as farmers (88.9%). Elephant disturbances in the villages cause damage to community gardens especially rubber plantation leading to economic losses. The existence of elephant disturbances influence the community perceptions to the conservation of elephant negatively, as indicated by 91.7% of respondents stating that elephants are harmful and not useful. To minimize conflict, increasing feed availabilities through habitat enhancement are urgently needed.
Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton) has been conserved and domesticated as balinese cow (Bos taurus L... more Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton) has been conserved and domesticated as balinese cow (Bos taurus Linnaeus) since 3,500 BC. Because of decreasing balinese cow body weight average, banteng has been used as germplasm. The research was conducted to observe morphometric organs and genetic variabilities of banteng in conservation areas and conservation institutions. The relationship between banteng and balinese cow was also observed through population and individual genetic distances. Sequences of multiple alignment with Clustal X 1.83 programme and analysed filogenetic through neighbor-joining method were used. The morphometric banteng in Ragunan and Surabaya Zoos has changed physically and biologically, which may be due to the genetic distance in the population of 0.000. In conservation areas, the biggest morphometric organs of banteng was from Baluran National Park, as seen from foot size and feet distance. The result of multiple alignment indicated that 657 bp of fragmented D-loop DNA mitochondria consist of six haplotipes. The balinese cow had a higher genetic variability than banteng. As genetic distance between haplotipes was low (0,000-0,009), the kinship relationship between banteng and balinese cow was very close. To support a breeding program of balinese cow, it can be crossing match with banteng from national park.
The use of alternative feed for Sunda pangolin in captivity is one way to cope with a shortage of... more The use of alternative feed for Sunda pangolin in captivity is one way to cope with a shortage of feed. The aims of the research was to determine the impact of the use of alternative feed toward feed consumption and daily weight gain of pangolin in captivity. The research was conducted at Research Forest Dramaga, Bogor. The research material used by 4 individual pangolin consists of 2 males and 2 females with an average weight of 4.28 ± 0.22 kg. Research using 4x4 Latin Square Design, with 7 days of preliminary period and 14 days of data collection. The treatment applied were 4 alternative feeding i.e A= 50% kroto + 50% egg; B= 50% kroto + 50% tofu; C= 50% kroto + 20% egg + 30% tofu; D= 50% kroto + 18% egg + 26% tofu + 6% termites. The results showed that the effect of alternative feed not significantly (P<0.05) on feed consumption and body weight gain pangolin. Pangolin with treatment C consumed feed based on dry matter as much as 63.08 grams per day or 10.46% from body weight a...
Captive breeding is one of the alternative solution to reduce the extinction of pangolin (Manis j... more Captive breeding is one of the alternative solution to reduce the extinction of pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822). This research was aimed to determine the feeding intake and the growth of the pangolin body through the provision of alternative feeding from agricultural wastes and rotten woods. The research was conducted at Multi Jaya Abadi Captive Breeding, located in Medan North Sumatra. Four pangolins were used as material for this study and the observation was done for 14 days. The pangolins were treated with four types of feeding treatments, i.e. A (mixture of rice bran, corn flour and kroto), B (mixture of rice bran, corn flour, and worm), C (mixture of rice bran, corn flour, and cricket), and D (mixture of rice bran, corn flour, and termites). Of the four treatments, feeding alternative of D was the most preferred by pangolin, followed by alternatives A, B and C. This result showed that pangolin in the captive breeding in Medan prefer feeding termites (24.24%), then followed by kroto (20.97%), worms (10.56%), and crickets (9.17%).
Forest land converted into palm oil plantations have caused habitat fragmentation of elephant and... more Forest land converted into palm oil plantations have caused habitat fragmentation of elephant and land degradation. These lead to land use conflict between human and elephant. The conflict often caused the elephant killed and destructed agricultural land. The study was aimed to estimate potential use and carrying capacity of elephant habitat. Data collection of undergrowth vegetation were analyzed using twelve square plots of 1 x 1m, the distance between the plot of 50 m, tree vegetation of seedlings size 1 x 1 m, saplings 5 x 5 m, and trees 20 x 20 m, the distance between the plot of 200 m and of 1000 m lenght. Vegetation used as elephants feed were observed using purposive sampling and systematically procedure. The analysis showed that biomass of plants producing elephant fodder in Tambang Besi were of Cyperus rotundus (3600.26 kg/ha), Cynodon dactylon (346.74 kg/ha), Melaleuca leucadendron (255.21 kg/ha), and Melastoma malabatricum (156.40 kg/ha). While, the highest biomass in Tebing Penigasan plot was Cyperus rotundus (3575 kg/ha), and in Barak Gajah Plot was Isachne globusa (4013.33 kg/ha). The carrying capacity of elephants habitat of Tambang Besi, Tebing Penigasan, and Barak Gajah plots were 0.78, 0.29, and 0.41 individual/ha/day, respectively.
Understorey in a forest area can be utilized as herbivorous animal feed, as well as carbon storag... more Understorey in a forest area can be utilized as herbivorous animal feed, as well as carbon storage. In Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency, the understorey is utilized by elephant as feed habitat. The study aimed to determine the diversity, productivity and potential for carbon content of understorey in A. Crassicarpa plantation in OKI Regency. The method used for collection of understorey data was square plot method with 1x1m size, where the first plot was determined randomly and followed by the subsequent plots systematically. The results found out 8 types of understorey species with important index values in sequence were Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw) Schott. 66.90%; Melastoma malabathricum L. 44.14% and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F.) Bedd. 36.18%. The species of feed that most eaten by the elephants were Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott., Cyperus kyllinga Endl. and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. f.) Bedd. The domination of understorey in the stand of Germplasm Conservation Area (KPPN) (0,1611) was greater compared to those in block A (0,1124) and block E (0,1512). The total biomass of the understorey in Block A (3 year old A. Crassicarpa stand), E Block (3,3 year old A. Crassicarpa stand), and KPPN were 561,8 kg/ha; 371,48 kg/ha; and 383,84 kg/ha, respectively. Carrying capacity of the understorey as feed for elephants during the dry season in block A was for 10,54 elephants; block E was for 2,10 elephants and KPPN was for 79,37 elephants. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of elephant feed and minimize elephant interference to plantation, the quality of KPPN needs to be improved.
The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conf... more The populations of Sumatran elephant are decreasing as the elephant are mostly killed in the conflict triggered by elephant disturbances to the community fields and gardens. Research on human-elephant conflict around Plantation Forest Area (PFA) was conducted in Ulak Kedondong Village, Cengal District, OKI Regency, from August to November 2017. The aim of the research was to determine elephant disturbances, perception and socioeconomic characteristic of the community toward elephant conservation value. Purposive random sampling was used to determine the respondents to be interviewed by using structured questionary. The results showed that the PFA area and community gardens of Ulak Kedondong Village in Cengal District were often suffered from elephant disturbances. The communities education level are mostly elementary school graduates (51.6%) and only 9.68% are high school graduates. The majority of respondents have the main occupation as farmers (88.9%). Elephant disturbances in the villages cause damage to community gardens especially rubber plantation leading to economic losses. The existence of elephant disturbances influence the community perceptions to the conservation of elephant negatively, as indicated by 91.7% of respondents stating that elephants are harmful and not useful. To minimize conflict, increasing feed availabilities through habitat enhancement are urgently needed.
Genetic research of pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is very limited, so the study of ge... more Genetic research of pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is very limited, so the study of genetic diversity pangolin using mitochondrial DNA analysis is important. This study was conducted to identify and analyze variability of genes and genetic distance of pangolin from various locations of conservation areas and conservation organizations in Sumatera and Java islands. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA D-loop of pangolin resulted 1129 base pairs, which contained 55 haplotypes with total numbers of 120 polymorphic sites and 12 haplogroups. Nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.008 and haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.994 ± 0.006, indicated that genetic diversity of the population was very high. Tajima test resulted D value of-2.337 and it was significantly different (P<0.01), whereas Fu and Li's tests resulted D:-4.444 and F:-4.337, both were significantly different (P<0.02) on genetic distance between haplotypes of pangolin populations. It is an indicator of high genetic diversity and population expansion on the pangolin.
Research of elephant conflict with community have been conducted in Sungai Menang District, Ogan ... more Research of elephant conflict with community have been conducted in Sungai Menang District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera Province. This study was conducted in three villages in September through December 2015. This study aimed to identify the perception and socioeconomic characteristics of the community related to the conflict towards elephant conservation value. Data was collected through structured interview, while respondents were selected intentionally (purposive sampling). The results are shown that the level of community education in the village of Gajah Mati dan Gajah Mulya are low, 51% and 47% respectively, which are elementary school graduates, while the level of education in the village of Gajah Mukti is 58% of high school graduates. The majority of respondents are in productive age classes and worked as a farmer. The average income per month of people in the village of Gajah Mati is Rp1,814,583, while in Gajah Mukti and Gajah Mulya Village are Rp1,158,750 and Rp1,060,833 respectively. Elephants disturbance occur in all respondent villages and has an impact on the community perception of the elephant conservation becomes negative. Most respondents want that the elephants are relocated to Padang Sugihan Wildlife Sanctuary which is suitable for the habitat of the elephants.
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