Papers by Mohd Rafee Baharudin
The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Oct 11, 2016
The urbanization in Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia over the last decades has induce the atmosp... more The urbanization in Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia over the last decades has induce the atmospheric pollution's risk resulted to negative impact on the environment. The aims of this paper are to identify the spatial-temporal relationship of particulate matter (PM 10), to determine the characteristic of each location and to classify hierarchical of the location in relation to their impact on PM 10 concentration in Klang Valley. The Spearman correlation test indicate that there was strong significant relationship between all the locations (> 0.7; p < 0.001) and moderate relationship between Petaling Jaya-Kajang and Kajang-Shah Alam (< 0.7; p < 0.001). The principal component analysis (PCA) identifies all four locations have been affected by PM 10 which were determined as one of the pollutant that deteriorated the air quality. Cluster analysis (CA) has classified the PM 10 pattern into three (3) different classes; Class 1 (Klang), Class 2 (Petaling Jaya and Kajang) and Class 3 (Shah Alam) based on location. Further analysis of CA would be able to classify the PM 10 classes into groups depending on their dissimilarities characteristic. Thus, possible period of extreme air quality degradation could be identified. Therefore, statistical and envirometric techniques have proved the impact of the various location on increasing concentration of PM 10 .
PLOS ONE
Floods occur when a body of water overflows and submerges normally dry terrain. Tropical cyclones... more Floods occur when a body of water overflows and submerges normally dry terrain. Tropical cyclones or tsunamis cause flooding. Health and safety are jeopardized during a flood. As a result, proactive flood mitigation measures are required. This study aimed to increase flood disaster preparedness among Selangor communities in Malaysia by implementing a Health Belief Model-Based Intervention (HEBI). Selangor’s six districts were involved in a single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial Community-wide implementation of a Health Belief Model-Based Intervention (HEBI). A self-administered questionnaire was used. The intervention group received a HEBI module, while the control group received a health talk on non-communicable disease. The baseline variables were compared. Immediate and six-month post-intervention impacts on outcome indicators were assessed. 284 responses with a 100% response rate. At the baseline, there were no significant differences in ethnicity, monthly household ...
Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology
Disaster preparedness is an issue that receives little attention in the community. Communities mu... more Disaster preparedness is an issue that receives little attention in the community. Communities must take preventative measures to overcome obstacles and improve community preparedness. This review identifies the optimal dose of disaster preparedness intervention in the community. A systematic literature search was conducted to examine a study about the optimal dose of disaster preparedness intervention developed for implementation at a community level. A scoping review based on the PRISMA diagram was conducted from four databases. A combination of keywords was adapted for each database. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. A total of eight articles were synthesized based on the intervention dose of disaster preparedness among community interventions. The summarized studies provided evidence that the optimal dose for disaster preparedness intervention in the community can be prevented with an educational intervention program with a minimal dosage of intervention. The Health...
Exposure to occupational stress is escalating in the working environment. Occupational stress dir... more Exposure to occupational stress is escalating in the working environment. Occupational stress directly or indirectly eclipses many other hazards and contributes to ill health. The Occupational Health & Safety Monitoring Questionnaire (OHSMQ) was developed for use in a port terminal setting. The objective of this paper is to present the process of construction and content validity of the OHSMQ’s items in order to conduct Occupational Safety & Health (OHS) control modification for occupational stress risk assessments among port terminal workers. The content validity process involved the act of conceptualisation, development, and validation. The process began with a literature review (adopt and adapt) and expert panel’s judgement on the item development process. A list of 20 items was then developed. Its content validation was rated by a panel of fifteen experts. This paper demonstrated the initial phase of scale development for the OHSMQ items. This newly developed item allows the int...
Common Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) is universal and can be apply in any industries. The aims of ... more Common Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) is universal and can be apply in any industries. The aims of this paper is to develop a Construction Occupational Safety and Health Risk Assessment Matrix (COSHRAM) which can ideally improve the risk action plan. A new element of modifying factors has been incorporated to systematically justify the residual risks. The COSHRAM was developed on the basis of historical accident data and data collected from the field survey. Six (6) Safety and Health Officer (SHO) divided into three (3) groups were selected to conduct field trials. Each group has conducted risk assessment using both common RAM and COSHRAM. Overall, three (3) types of activities, including twenty-one (21) sub-activities and fifty-nine (59) hazards have been evaluated. Paired t-test showed that result of the assessment between the common RAM and COSHRAM was significantly different (t=17.083, p < 0.05). Therefore, the COSHRAM is statistically acceptable and it resulted in better in te...
Occupational stress is a universal phenomenon which lead to increase the adverse health effect, p... more Occupational stress is a universal phenomenon which lead to increase the adverse health effect, performance and general well-being of a worker. These problems need to be assess using a suitable risk assessment matrix. Current method available does not integrate the element of existing risk control measures. In this study, port terminal was chosen as a workplace due to its heavy daily operations.Based on the safety and health data available, a framework of this new proposed matrix was then developed accordingly.Thus, this paper explained the overall process of the development on Occupational Stress Risk Assessment Matrix (OSRAM) which emphasize on a risk control modifying matrix in the port termina
Transstellar Journal Publications and Research Consultancy Private Limited (TJPRC), 2020
This paper was designed to study the relationship between the human characteristics and evacuatio... more This paper was designed to study the relationship between the human characteristics and evacuation time among the secondary students. The designed questionnaire and direct measurement approaches were used to collect the data on seven human characteristics. Pearson Correlation test was used to identify a correlation between the dependent and independent variables while Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was performed to check the strength of the relationship and its significance level. Gender and walking speed are significantly correlate with evacuation time with p-value<0.05 and <0.001 respectively. Due to collinearity, variable weight was removed which showed more predictive capability based on ANOVA result. Walking speed is significant with p-value<0.001. The R-value of 0.69 showed a moderate correlation between observed and predicted value and 48%of the variance in evacuation time is explainable by variance in walking speed. An increase in 1m/s of walking speed will decrease 55.29 seconds of evacuation time.
International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 2015
Background: Occupational exposures to respirable dust includes various hazardous substances were ... more Background: Occupational exposures to respirable dust includes various hazardous substances were commonly associated with acute and chronic health effects especially on respiratory system and lung function performance among workers in various industries. Objective: The purpose of this review was to identify the risk factors that lead to reduced lung function among workers due to occupational respirable dust exposure in the industry. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of articles related to occupational exposure and its effects on lung function among workers was compiled using a series of keywords in databases (ProQuest, PubMed and ScienceDirect). Studies that were conducted between 2005 to 2015, written in English and used a quantitative design that focus on occupational respirable dust exposure were included in this review. Result: Most of the studied reviewed concluded that there were at least two associated factors that caused the reduction of lung function among the sub...
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
Rapid development in industrial and road transportation sector in developing countries has contri... more Rapid development in industrial and road transportation sector in developing countries has contributing the environmental issue. Determining the estimated PM 10 emission in Klang Valley, Malaysia is based on the best available resources. Emission of PM 10 from both sources was estimated particularly from numbers of industries (industrial area and emission factor) and the usage of motor vehicles (traffic volume, vehicle kilometer travel and emission factor). The PM 10 emission from both industrial and road transportation sector were 88.59 tonne PM 10 /year and 32.36 tonne PM 10 /year respectively. Thus, the total estimated PM 10 emission was 120.95 tonne PM 10 /year. Therefore, the PM 10 emission from both sources in Klang Valley can be estimated based on the best available resources due to limitation of actual PM 10 emission from both sector.
Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science, 2016
The urbanization in Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia over the last decades has induce the atmosp... more The urbanization in Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia over the last decades has induce the atmospheric pollution's risk resulted to negative impact on the environment. The aims of this paper are to identify the spatial-temporal relationship of particulate matter (PM 10), to determine the characteristic of each location and to classify hierarchical of the location in relation to their impact on PM 10 concentration in Klang Valley. The Spearman correlation test indicate that there was strong significant relationship between all the locations (> 0.7; p < 0.001) and moderate relationship between Petaling Jaya-Kajang and Kajang-Shah Alam (< 0.7; p < 0.001). The principal component analysis (PCA) identifies all four locations have been affected by PM 10 which were determined as one of the pollutant that deteriorated the air quality. Cluster analysis (CA) has classified the PM 10 pattern into three (3) different classes; Class 1 (Klang), Class 2 (Petaling Jaya and Kajang) and Class 3 (Shah Alam) based on location. Further analysis of CA would be able to classify the PM 10 classes into groups depending on their dissimilarities characteristic. Thus, possible period of extreme air quality degradation could be identified. Therefore, statistical and envirometric techniques have proved the impact of the various location on increasing concentration of PM 10 .
The authors present the predictors and proportion of work-related injuries (WRI) among the staffs... more The authors present the predictors and proportion of work-related injuries (WRI) among the staffs of a government medical school in Malaysia in this paper.The extent of WRI in a Malaysian public medical school has never been studied before..The main purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of WRI and its associated factors among the respondents. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 randomly selected Malaysian employees who worked for at least one year in the faculty.The self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic, employment and individual characteristics, as well as data on work-related injuries, suffered in the past 12 months. The results of the study showed thatout of 317 respondents who answered the questionnaire, seventeen of them (5.4%) had experienced WRI. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the support staff is 35.7times more likely to have WRIs (95% CI: 3.303-385.914), compared to the other group of respo...
International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 2019
Background: In the health care systems, efficiency measurement is considered as a key step in per... more Background: In the health care systems, efficiency measurement is considered as a key step in performing individual performance audits of production units such as, health centres and hospitals. It entails a rational framework through which resources are distributed and shared among health care facilities. Thus, there are two common approaches to measure hospital efficiency namely: non-parametric (DEA) and parametric (SFA). The article is aimed to review the articles to analyze the characteristics of these approaches and to identify the similarities, differences, strengths, and limitations related to them. Materials and Methods: The literature, which related to measuring relative efficiency of hospitals were obtained from online database involving ScienceDirect, Pubmed. The keywords used for the search terms involving hospital efficiency, healthcare efficiency, parametric approach, non-parametric approach, DEA and SFA. The review only for articles published in English language. Result: The required information about methodological approaches were obtained and summarized into the construct form. The discussion was based on approach type in term of nonparametric and parametric. Conclusion: In a nutshell, both of DEA and SFA can be applicable in healthcare setting to measure hospitals efficiency. The selection of the convenient approach is subjected to the aim of the study.
In Malaysia, there are number of incidents highlighted by the media on school children incidents ... more In Malaysia, there are number of incidents highlighted by the media on school children incidents which caused injuries and death. Majority of incidents happen due to poor safety signage at the particular area where the hazards present. Current school guidelines did not specify any details on type of safety sign boards that should be in schools. So, the objective of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate the knowledge on safety signage on intervention and control group among the primary schools pupils in Perak state, Malaysia. The new design of safety signs will be intervene to reduce the unsafe act by school pupils and also to reduce the risk from unsafecondition. A cross sectional study was carried at 102 schools (91.9%) out of 111 schools in LMS district. The safety signage was designed according to MS2558:2014 standard. All the signages was added pictures and texts according to identified hazards from selected school. A self-administered questionnaires form was used to ...
In Malaysia, utility sector including public cleaning service has a relatively high accident case... more In Malaysia, utility sector including public cleaning service has a relatively high accident cases recorded in recent years. Exposing to various type of hazards, the workers need to maintain their safety behaviour to prevent workplace accidents. As safety behaviour is found to become the leading factor to work-accidents, this research proposed to examine the level of safety knowledge-attitude-behaviour (safety KAB), plus the effect of safety knowledge and safety attitude on safety behavior amongst workers in a public cleansing company in the southern region of Malaysia. This is a quantitative study involving a cross sectional design where 313 sets of a questionnaire were distributed and answered by to workers who involve in solid waste collecting and public cleansing works from Company X. The level of safety KAB was determined by the mean values derived from the descriptive analyses, while the direct effect to the variables were tested using PLS-SEM modelling. The results indicated ...
Most of the accident cases at work are caused by unsafe behaviour. Scholars have thus extensively... more Most of the accident cases at work are caused by unsafe behaviour. Scholars have thus extensively researched factors of safe behavior.Safety leadership is stated as the most effective factor in safety behaviour. Besides, safety knowledge and safety attitudes are also found to influence safety behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of the relationship between safety leadership, safety knowledge, safety attitude, and safety behavior, which has been found to be limited or rare in previous research.A self-administered questionnaire was applied and was distributed randomly to 140 SME manufacturing workers and they were analysed using the structural equation modelling partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The results prove that safety leadership has a significant effect on safety knowledge, safety attitude, and safety behaviour, with safety knowledge and safety attitude mediating the safety leadership-safety behaviour relationship. Consequently, the results provide a...
Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2019
Fire emergencies are threat to the occupants of a residential college. Some of the Malaysian resi... more Fire emergencies are threat to the occupants of a residential college. Some of the Malaysian residential colleges were built in the 1970s. Back then, the compliancy to Uniform Building By-law 1984 was not entirely practiced. This study aims to evaluate fire safety measures in selected residential colleges of a Malaysian University, which were built before 1984. This includes occupants’ level of awareness and knowledge of the occupants regarding fire safety measures. This study was conducted in selected residential colleges, built before 1984, which were named as A, B, C, and D Colleges. One new college building was selected to be the control variable, the E College. Survey questionnaires were given to 401 respondents to obtain information regarding the fire safety awareness and knowledge. Fire safety inspections were conducted to determine the level of fire safety protection systems in colleges and the documentation of emergency response plan were reviewed. From the study, the level...
Awareness of safety management and safety behaviour among Malaysian small and medium enterprise workers
Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2017
A cross sectional comparative study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood lea... more A cross sectional comparative study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood lead levels and disciplinary behaviour among adolescent males. This study involved 194 secondary school adolescents ranging from 14 to 16 years old in both Petaling and Hulu Langat district. Respondent sampling frame was obtained from the Ministry of Education. Finger-prick method was applied to obtain capillary blood specimen. Blood lead was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with graphite furnace. Both background and environmental profile were obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Disciplinary behaviour of each respondent was then assessed by using Self-Reporting Disciplinary Behaviour (SRDB). This assessment comprise 86 items on disciplinary actions and divided into eight subscales of offences which include crime, obscenity, self-cleanliness, time management, disrespect, vandalism, dishonesty and absenteeism. Total score for each items assessed were the...
THE EFFECT OF OWNER-MANAGER’S SAFETY LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISOR’S SAFETY ROLE ON SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA’S MANUFACTURING SMEs
Journal of Technology and Operations Management
Safety leadership has been advocated as the most appropriate approach towards injury prevention. ... more Safety leadership has been advocated as the most appropriate approach towards injury prevention. Besides, supervisor safety role is also proposed to be crucial towards good safety performance in SMEs. Henceforth, this study aisled to determine the direct impact of safety leadership (safety concern, safety policy, and safety motivation) played by the owner-managers on safety performance within the SME manufacturers in Selangor, Malaysia. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the mediating effect of supervisor safety roles towards safety leadership and safety performance' relationship. The data was collected among 165 SME manufacturing workers from 37 factories and Partial Least Square – Structured Equation Model (PSL-SEM) was performed for data analyses. The results indicated that safety leadership in terms of safety concern, safety policy, and safety motivation has significant impact on safety performance. However, supervisor safety role does not mediate the relationship betwee...
Managing the Ageing Workforce in the East and the West, Nov 7, 2017
It is estimated that we spend at least a third of our working lives in the workplace and the dura... more It is estimated that we spend at least a third of our working lives in the workplace and the duration of this, due to the extension of working lives through legislative changes and increased pension ages, is set to increase. Ageing of the workforce is a growing concern but health and safety issues cannot be used as an excuse for not employing older workers. A healthy workplace is one where the risks are managed and where workers and their managers work together to improve the work environment and protect the health of the workers. Furthermore, linking this to personal health resources and the local community can improve the health of all involved. Within the workplace this includes both the psychosocial and physical work environment. To create a healthy workplace there is a need to ensure risk management measures are in place and our older workers participation in risk assessment and risk reduction programmes. In addition to this, targeted occupational health promotion programmes may be beneficial. There are few integrated policies with regard to age and work but research does identify good practice, including participation of employees in change measures, senior management commitment and taking a life-course approach. While there are challenges in relation to age-related change, the work ability concept can improve understanding. The use of a comprehensive approach such as Age Management can help employers who have a critical role in making the workplace ageready.
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Papers by Mohd Rafee Baharudin