The presence of specific proteins (known as immobilization antigens) on the surface of the ciliat... more The presence of specific proteins (known as immobilization antigens) on the surface of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila is under environmental regulation. There are five different classes (serotypes) of surface proteins which appear on the cell surface when T. thermophila is cultured under different conditions of temperature or incubation medium; three of these are temperature dependent. The appearance of these proteins on the cell surface is mutually exclusive. We used polyclonal antibodies raised against 30°C (designated SerH3)and 40°C (designated SerT)-specific surface antigens to study their structure and expression. We showed that these surface proteins contain at least one disulfide bridge. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-denaturing polyacrylamide gels, the nonreduced 30'Cand 40°C-specific surface proteins migrated with molecular sizes of 69 and 36 kilodaltons, respectively. The reduced forms of the proteins migrated with molecular sizes of 58 and 30 kilodaltons, respectively. The synthesis of the surface proteins responded rapidly and with a time course similar to that of the incubation temperature. The synthesis of each surface protein was greatly reduced within 1 h and undetectable by 2 h after a shift to the temperature at which the protein is not expressed. Surface protein synthesis resumed by the end of 1 h after a shift to the temperature at which the protein is expressed. The temperature-dependent induction of these surface proteins appears to be dependent on the synthesis of new mRNA, as indicated by a sensitivity to actinomycin D. Surface protein syntheses were mutually exclusive except at a transition temperature. At 35°C both surface proteins were synthesized by a cell population. These data support the potential of this system as a model for the study of the effects of environmental factors on the genetic regulation of cell surface proteins.
The posterior cytoplasm of the Drosophila melanogaster egg and early embryo is very important bec... more The posterior cytoplasm of the Drosophila melanogaster egg and early embryo is very important because it forms pole cells which are the precursors to the germ cells found in the adult gonads. The posterior portion has been irradiated by many investigators to destroy these pole cells and record the types of effects the deletion has on the developing embryo. A St. Margarita Island strain of D. melanogaster contains a naturally occurring mutation on the X chromosome which affects the development of germ cells in the offspring. This mutation is a semi-dominant, maternal effect, temperature sensitive mutant. In this study female offspring from this strain were examined after having their X chromosomes subjected to 15 generations of selection for expression of agametic gonads. The agametic ovaries of these individuals were examined at the dissecting microscope, light microscope, and electron microscope levels and compared with normal ovaries of Oregon-R wild type females. The mutant ovaries examined contained normal mesodermal components but appeared to lack any developing stem cells or egg chambers. It was concluded that the mutant gene(s) morphological effects occur between the time the pole cells are incorporated into the posterior midgut of the embryo during gastrulation and the time they reach the adult gonad.Thesis (M.S.
Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur in individuals who have been previously sensitized to a s... more Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur in individuals who have been previously sensitized to a specific allergen. They are the result of allergen recognition by immunoglobulin E on mast cells and basophils and cause a variety of symptoms such as itching or tingling of the lips, tongue or throat; nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; sneezing, runny nose and wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing. In some cases, the reaction can be so severe that the circulatory system shuts down and tracheal swelling occurs, leading to a life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. Keywords: IgE; allergens; B cells; mast cells; T cells
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the status and future potential of plant biotechnology i... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the status and future potential of plant biotechnology in reducing allergens in food. Food allergic reactions affect 6-8% of children and 1-2% of the adult population. Many allergic reactions are to plant origin, including peanuts, soy, wheat, and tree nuts. Allergic reactions are typically elicited by a defined subset of proteins that are found in abundance in food. The increased prevalence of allergic reactions coupled with severe clinical symptoms has led many scientists to explore methods of reducing allergenicity of some crops. This chapter explores the potential of reducing the allergenicity of plants used as food crops by both traditionally breeding practices and genetic engineering methods. The chapter reviews how biotechnology began and progressed, the uses of biotechnology and points out its uses in decreasing levels of known allergens or their allergenicity. The characteristics of food allergens are first explored. Traditional plant breeding methods for reducing allergenicity are discussed. Use of genetic engineering to reduce allergenic potential is also described focusing on post-transcriptional gene silencing, reduction of disulfide bonds by thioredoxin, and modification of genes encoding allergens.
Agriculture. Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only whe... more Agriculture. Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNA and construct recombinant DNA. This key process is called recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. This process involves the use of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, appropriate plasmid or viral vectors to isolate and ferry the foreign DNA into host organisms, expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing. Large scale production involves use of biorea Genetic View Item
Synthesis of the serotype H3 (SerH3) surface antigen is temperature dependent and responds within... more Synthesis of the serotype H3 (SerH3) surface antigen is temperature dependent and responds within 1 h to a change in incubation conditions (G. A.
This chapter discusses the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of food allergies.... more This chapter discusses the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of food allergies. The immunological basis of allergic sensitization and elicitation is outlined and allergens (groundnut, egg, milk, fish and shellfish allergens) from the most common allergenic foods are identified. A molecular characterization of IgE-binding epitopes on common food allergens is presented. Strategies to alter food allergens are given and traditional plant breeding methods and genetic engineering are described.
In Tetrahymena thermophila, the expression of the temperature-specific surface protein SerH3 is c... more In Tetrahymena thermophila, the expression of the temperature-specific surface protein SerH3 is controlled primarily by a temperature-dependent change in the stability of its mRNA. The change in SerH3 mRNA stability occurs very rapidly after a shift in incubation temperature. This change in temperature could affect
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1995
Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of the frequency, the potential severity, ... more Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of the frequency, the potential severity, and the chronicity of the allergic sensitivity. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and a peanut cDNA expression library were used to identify clones that encode peanut allergens. One of the major peanut allergens, Ara h I, was selected from these clones using Ara h I-specific oligonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction technology. The Ara h I clone identified a 2.3-kb mRNA species on a Northern blot containing peanut poly A+RNA. DNA sequence analysis of the cloned inserts revealed that the Ara h I allergen has significant homology with the vicilin seed storage protein family found in most higher plants. The isolation of the Ara h I clones allowed the synthesis of this protein in Escherichia coli cells and subsequent recognition of this recombinant protein in immunoblot analysis using serum IgE from patients with peanut hypersensitivity. With the production of the recombinant peanut protein it will now be possible to address the pathophysiologic and immunologic mechanisms regarding peanut hypersensitivity reactions specifically and food hypersensitivity in general.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feb 1, 1989
Control of oncogene expression has been shown to be a coordinated regulatory mechanism in normal ... more Control of oncogene expression has been shown to be a coordinated regulatory mechanism in normal growth and development. Overt expression of these genes also has been noted in transformed or neoplastic cell types. The ras family of oncogenes has been shown to be particularly evident among genes expressed in malignant tissues. We provide evidence, using ribonucleic acid dot analysis and Western blot analysis of gynecologic tumor extracts, that ras expression may be a common occurrence in these malignancies. Furthermore, the ras-related peptides can be detected in sera of some patients with tumors.
The presence of specific proteins (known as immobilization antigens) on the surface of the ciliat... more The presence of specific proteins (known as immobilization antigens) on the surface of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila is under environmental regulation. There are five different classes (serotypes) of surface proteins which appear on the cell surface when T. thermophila is cultured under different conditions of temperature or incubation medium; three of these are temperature dependent. The appearance of these proteins on the cell surface is mutually exclusive. We used polyclonal antibodies raised against 30°C (designated SerH3)and 40°C (designated SerT)-specific surface antigens to study their structure and expression. We showed that these surface proteins contain at least one disulfide bridge. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-denaturing polyacrylamide gels, the nonreduced 30'Cand 40°C-specific surface proteins migrated with molecular sizes of 69 and 36 kilodaltons, respectively. The reduced forms of the proteins migrated with molecular sizes of 58 and 30 kilodaltons, respectively. The synthesis of the surface proteins responded rapidly and with a time course similar to that of the incubation temperature. The synthesis of each surface protein was greatly reduced within 1 h and undetectable by 2 h after a shift to the temperature at which the protein is not expressed. Surface protein synthesis resumed by the end of 1 h after a shift to the temperature at which the protein is expressed. The temperature-dependent induction of these surface proteins appears to be dependent on the synthesis of new mRNA, as indicated by a sensitivity to actinomycin D. Surface protein syntheses were mutually exclusive except at a transition temperature. At 35°C both surface proteins were synthesized by a cell population. These data support the potential of this system as a model for the study of the effects of environmental factors on the genetic regulation of cell surface proteins.
The posterior cytoplasm of the Drosophila melanogaster egg and early embryo is very important bec... more The posterior cytoplasm of the Drosophila melanogaster egg and early embryo is very important because it forms pole cells which are the precursors to the germ cells found in the adult gonads. The posterior portion has been irradiated by many investigators to destroy these pole cells and record the types of effects the deletion has on the developing embryo. A St. Margarita Island strain of D. melanogaster contains a naturally occurring mutation on the X chromosome which affects the development of germ cells in the offspring. This mutation is a semi-dominant, maternal effect, temperature sensitive mutant. In this study female offspring from this strain were examined after having their X chromosomes subjected to 15 generations of selection for expression of agametic gonads. The agametic ovaries of these individuals were examined at the dissecting microscope, light microscope, and electron microscope levels and compared with normal ovaries of Oregon-R wild type females. The mutant ovaries examined contained normal mesodermal components but appeared to lack any developing stem cells or egg chambers. It was concluded that the mutant gene(s) morphological effects occur between the time the pole cells are incorporated into the posterior midgut of the embryo during gastrulation and the time they reach the adult gonad.Thesis (M.S.
Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur in individuals who have been previously sensitized to a s... more Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur in individuals who have been previously sensitized to a specific allergen. They are the result of allergen recognition by immunoglobulin E on mast cells and basophils and cause a variety of symptoms such as itching or tingling of the lips, tongue or throat; nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; sneezing, runny nose and wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing. In some cases, the reaction can be so severe that the circulatory system shuts down and tracheal swelling occurs, leading to a life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. Keywords: IgE; allergens; B cells; mast cells; T cells
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the status and future potential of plant biotechnology i... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the status and future potential of plant biotechnology in reducing allergens in food. Food allergic reactions affect 6-8% of children and 1-2% of the adult population. Many allergic reactions are to plant origin, including peanuts, soy, wheat, and tree nuts. Allergic reactions are typically elicited by a defined subset of proteins that are found in abundance in food. The increased prevalence of allergic reactions coupled with severe clinical symptoms has led many scientists to explore methods of reducing allergenicity of some crops. This chapter explores the potential of reducing the allergenicity of plants used as food crops by both traditionally breeding practices and genetic engineering methods. The chapter reviews how biotechnology began and progressed, the uses of biotechnology and points out its uses in decreasing levels of known allergens or their allergenicity. The characteristics of food allergens are first explored. Traditional plant breeding methods for reducing allergenicity are discussed. Use of genetic engineering to reduce allergenic potential is also described focusing on post-transcriptional gene silencing, reduction of disulfide bonds by thioredoxin, and modification of genes encoding allergens.
Agriculture. Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only whe... more Agriculture. Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNA and construct recombinant DNA. This key process is called recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. This process involves the use of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, appropriate plasmid or viral vectors to isolate and ferry the foreign DNA into host organisms, expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing. Large scale production involves use of biorea Genetic View Item
Synthesis of the serotype H3 (SerH3) surface antigen is temperature dependent and responds within... more Synthesis of the serotype H3 (SerH3) surface antigen is temperature dependent and responds within 1 h to a change in incubation conditions (G. A.
This chapter discusses the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of food allergies.... more This chapter discusses the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of food allergies. The immunological basis of allergic sensitization and elicitation is outlined and allergens (groundnut, egg, milk, fish and shellfish allergens) from the most common allergenic foods are identified. A molecular characterization of IgE-binding epitopes on common food allergens is presented. Strategies to alter food allergens are given and traditional plant breeding methods and genetic engineering are described.
In Tetrahymena thermophila, the expression of the temperature-specific surface protein SerH3 is c... more In Tetrahymena thermophila, the expression of the temperature-specific surface protein SerH3 is controlled primarily by a temperature-dependent change in the stability of its mRNA. The change in SerH3 mRNA stability occurs very rapidly after a shift in incubation temperature. This change in temperature could affect
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1995
Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of the frequency, the potential severity, ... more Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of the frequency, the potential severity, and the chronicity of the allergic sensitivity. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and a peanut cDNA expression library were used to identify clones that encode peanut allergens. One of the major peanut allergens, Ara h I, was selected from these clones using Ara h I-specific oligonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction technology. The Ara h I clone identified a 2.3-kb mRNA species on a Northern blot containing peanut poly A+RNA. DNA sequence analysis of the cloned inserts revealed that the Ara h I allergen has significant homology with the vicilin seed storage protein family found in most higher plants. The isolation of the Ara h I clones allowed the synthesis of this protein in Escherichia coli cells and subsequent recognition of this recombinant protein in immunoblot analysis using serum IgE from patients with peanut hypersensitivity. With the production of the recombinant peanut protein it will now be possible to address the pathophysiologic and immunologic mechanisms regarding peanut hypersensitivity reactions specifically and food hypersensitivity in general.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feb 1, 1989
Control of oncogene expression has been shown to be a coordinated regulatory mechanism in normal ... more Control of oncogene expression has been shown to be a coordinated regulatory mechanism in normal growth and development. Overt expression of these genes also has been noted in transformed or neoplastic cell types. The ras family of oncogenes has been shown to be particularly evident among genes expressed in malignant tissues. We provide evidence, using ribonucleic acid dot analysis and Western blot analysis of gynecologic tumor extracts, that ras expression may be a common occurrence in these malignancies. Furthermore, the ras-related peptides can be detected in sera of some patients with tumors.
Uploads
Papers by Gary Bannon