Los ODS y la Agenda 2030 adoptados por el gobierno de Costa Rica nos exigen considerar tanto barr... more Los ODS y la Agenda 2030 adoptados por el gobierno de Costa Rica nos exigen considerar tanto barreras arquitectónicas como la posible expulsión educativa que conllevan. Dentro de la poca literatura publicada respecto de barreras arquitectónicas en universidades no se considera su análisis en laboratorios de química. Por esto, decidimos analizar las barreas físicas presentes en los laboratorios 107 y 112 de la Escuela de Química de la Universidad de Costa Rica, donde se imparten múltiples cursos de química general (introductoria) para carreras en el área de salud, ciencias básicas e ingenierías de dicha institución. El análisis enfoca las funcionalidades: didáctica, ergonómica y en emergencias, vinculadas con las barreras arquitectónicas detectadas y su posible expulsión educativa de personas con diversidad funcional, demostrando ser un condicionante de la educación inclusiva desde la institucionalidad. Se recomienda considerarlas al retomar la presencialidad en este año 2022, según ...
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering: A, Jun 28, 2021
Drying kinetics for alcohol-soaked type-A zeolite (pore size 0.5 nm) was determined at 50 °C for ... more Drying kinetics for alcohol-soaked type-A zeolite (pore size 0.5 nm) was determined at 50 °C for 12 small-molecule alcohols (from C1 to C10). The second-phase of drying of wet porous materials reports on the mass-transfer characteristics within the solid matrices. This stage follows pseudo first-order kinetics (k1), and the second-order rate constant k2 = k1/(fluxional area) was found to correlate with the surface tension of the liquids imbibing the solid matrix (p < 0.002). k2 values decrease along the homologous linear alcohols, and branched-chain alcohols diffuse faster than their linear analogues due to their lower surface tensions. No independent contribution was found from the molecular size of the alcohols in the experiment reported here. Characteristic velocity and enthalpy of vaporisation of the liquids were not found to be significant independent variables, either. The find agrees with the notion that liquid movement in pores is governed during the drying processes by the liquid chemical potential gradient between the pore space and gas phase above the porous particle surfaces, this gradient being a function of the molecular cohesion of the moving liquid front (surface tension, ). The results can be expressed by the linear Gibbs-energy relation log (k2/s-1·m-2) = (2.5 ± 0.5) - (1.6 ± 0.2) 102 (/J·m-2).
y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del present... more y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del presente trabajo de investigación quedan sujetos a lo dispuesto en la Política. Asimismo, autorizo a la USFQ para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo de investigación en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art.
This observational pilot study was carried out at three sugarcane companies in Costa Rica. Its ma... more This observational pilot study was carried out at three sugarcane companies in Costa Rica. Its main objective was to determine the potential for heat stress conditions for workers in one sugarcane-growing region in Costa Rica during the maintenance (non-harvest) period. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) variables were measured with a heat stress meter and threshold value limits and the Sweat Rate Indexes were calculated for each workplace. It was determined that workers in this study were in heat stress conditions. Costa Rica is likely to experience warmer temperatures and increased heat waves in the coming decades. It is therefore important to take action to decrease current and future heatrelated risks for sugarcane workers in both harvest and non-harvest conditions and in all sugarcane growing regions in Costa Rica. It is also necessary to improve guidelines and occupational health standards for protecting worker health and productivity in the tropics.
Background Occupational heat stress is a major concern in sugarcane production and has been hypot... more Background Occupational heat stress is a major concern in sugarcane production and has been hypothesized as a causal factor of a chronic kidney disease epidemic in Central America. This study described working conditions of sugarcane harvesters in Costa Rica and quantified their exposure to heat. Methods Non-participatory observation and Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures (WBGT) according to Spanish NTP (Technical Prevention Notes) guidelines were utilized to quantify the risk of heat stress. OSHA recommendations were used to identify corresponding exposure limit values. Results Sugarcane harvesters carried out labor-intensive work with a metabolic load of 261 W/m 2 (6.8 kcal/min), corresponding to a limit value of 26°WBGT which was reached by 7:30 am on most days. After 9:15 am, OSHA recommendations would require that workers only work 25% of each hour to avoid health risks from heat. Conclusions Sugarcane harvesters are at risk for heat stress for the majority of the work shift. Immediate action is warranted to reduce such exposures.
Los ODS y la Agenda 2030 adoptados por el gobierno de Costa Rica nos exigen considerar tanto barr... more Los ODS y la Agenda 2030 adoptados por el gobierno de Costa Rica nos exigen considerar tanto barreras arquitectónicas como la posible expulsión educativa que conllevan. Dentro de la poca literatura publicada respecto de barreras arquitectónicas en universidades no se considera su análisis en laboratorios de química. Por esto, decidimos analizar las barreas físicas presentes en los laboratorios 107 y 112 de la Escuela de Química de la Universidad de Costa Rica, donde se imparten múltiples cursos de química general (introductoria) para carreras en el área de salud, ciencias básicas e ingenierías de dicha institución. El análisis enfoca las funcionalidades: didáctica, ergonómica y en emergencias, vinculadas con las barreras arquitectónicas detectadas y su posible expulsión educativa de personas con diversidad funcional, demostrando ser un condicionante de la educación inclusiva desde la institucionalidad. Se recomienda considerarlas al retomar la presencialidad en este año 2022, según ...
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering: A, Jun 28, 2021
Drying kinetics for alcohol-soaked type-A zeolite (pore size 0.5 nm) was determined at 50 °C for ... more Drying kinetics for alcohol-soaked type-A zeolite (pore size 0.5 nm) was determined at 50 °C for 12 small-molecule alcohols (from C1 to C10). The second-phase of drying of wet porous materials reports on the mass-transfer characteristics within the solid matrices. This stage follows pseudo first-order kinetics (k1), and the second-order rate constant k2 = k1/(fluxional area) was found to correlate with the surface tension of the liquids imbibing the solid matrix (p < 0.002). k2 values decrease along the homologous linear alcohols, and branched-chain alcohols diffuse faster than their linear analogues due to their lower surface tensions. No independent contribution was found from the molecular size of the alcohols in the experiment reported here. Characteristic velocity and enthalpy of vaporisation of the liquids were not found to be significant independent variables, either. The find agrees with the notion that liquid movement in pores is governed during the drying processes by the liquid chemical potential gradient between the pore space and gas phase above the porous particle surfaces, this gradient being a function of the molecular cohesion of the moving liquid front (surface tension, ). The results can be expressed by the linear Gibbs-energy relation log (k2/s-1·m-2) = (2.5 ± 0.5) - (1.6 ± 0.2) 102 (/J·m-2).
y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del present... more y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del presente trabajo de investigación quedan sujetos a lo dispuesto en la Política. Asimismo, autorizo a la USFQ para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo de investigación en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art.
This observational pilot study was carried out at three sugarcane companies in Costa Rica. Its ma... more This observational pilot study was carried out at three sugarcane companies in Costa Rica. Its main objective was to determine the potential for heat stress conditions for workers in one sugarcane-growing region in Costa Rica during the maintenance (non-harvest) period. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) variables were measured with a heat stress meter and threshold value limits and the Sweat Rate Indexes were calculated for each workplace. It was determined that workers in this study were in heat stress conditions. Costa Rica is likely to experience warmer temperatures and increased heat waves in the coming decades. It is therefore important to take action to decrease current and future heatrelated risks for sugarcane workers in both harvest and non-harvest conditions and in all sugarcane growing regions in Costa Rica. It is also necessary to improve guidelines and occupational health standards for protecting worker health and productivity in the tropics.
Background Occupational heat stress is a major concern in sugarcane production and has been hypot... more Background Occupational heat stress is a major concern in sugarcane production and has been hypothesized as a causal factor of a chronic kidney disease epidemic in Central America. This study described working conditions of sugarcane harvesters in Costa Rica and quantified their exposure to heat. Methods Non-participatory observation and Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures (WBGT) according to Spanish NTP (Technical Prevention Notes) guidelines were utilized to quantify the risk of heat stress. OSHA recommendations were used to identify corresponding exposure limit values. Results Sugarcane harvesters carried out labor-intensive work with a metabolic load of 261 W/m 2 (6.8 kcal/min), corresponding to a limit value of 26°WBGT which was reached by 7:30 am on most days. After 9:15 am, OSHA recommendations would require that workers only work 25% of each hour to avoid health risks from heat. Conclusions Sugarcane harvesters are at risk for heat stress for the majority of the work shift. Immediate action is warranted to reduce such exposures.
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