A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in orde... more A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in order to compare Western and Iranian (Middle East) distributions and to evaluate ESR1 polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism methodology and direct sequencing were performed. The silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was performed, as reported previously in other studies, but at significantly different frequencies, with further increasing predictive accuracy in Iranian population. Data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker for predicting breast cancer.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the in vitro sensitivity of lymphocytes of patients wi... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the in vitro sensitivity of lymphocytes of patients with head and neck cancer against gamma irradiation and also to find out if the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations correlate with side effects of radiotherapy. Patients and Methods : Peripheral blood of 101 patients with head and neck cancer was collected before the onset of radiotherapy, cultured and irradiated in the G2- or the G0- phase of the cell cycle. Lymphocytes of 40 healthy donors were treated in the same way. Chromosomal aberrations such as chromosome and chromatid breakages, chromosome and chromatid gaps, chromatid exchanges and micronuclei were scored in metaphase cells of the patient and control groups. Results: The frequency of radiation- induced G2 aberrations in lymphocytes of patients were on average higher than in those of healthy donors ( P =0.001 for chromosomal breaks). The frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei in the G0 assay were also higher in patients th...
The Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, 2009
Background: The Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their Western counterp... more Background: The Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their Western counterparts. Evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways, including estrogen receptor-D (ER-D ), occur during breast cancer development in Caucasians. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in Asians differ from those in Caucasians. Genomic data for ER-D in either population is therefore of value in the clinical setting for the Iranian breast cancer. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ERpolymorphisms in Iranian women population in order to compare Western and Asian with Iranian (Asian-Caucasians) distributions and to evaluate ER- polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. DNA samples were prepared from Iranian women with breast cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex clinical breast cancer group (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR sing...
All requested Suggestions have been done in Abstract as follow: ER-alpha and ER-beta genes have b... more All requested Suggestions have been done in Abstract as follow: ER-alpha and ER-beta genes have been proven to play a significant role in breast cancer. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in Middle East differ from those in the Western countries. Two selected coding regions in the ER-β gene (exons 3 and 7) were scanned in Iranian women with breast cancer (150) and in healthy individuals (147). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism was performed. A site of silent single nucleotide polymorphism was found only on exon 7. The SNP was found only in breast cancer patients (5.7%) (χ 2 =17.122, P=0.01). Codon 392 (C1176G) of allele 1 was found to have direct association with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Our data suggest that ER-β polymorphism in exon 7 codon 392 (C1176G) is correlated with various aspects of breast cancer and lymph node metastasis in our group of patients.
Background: During the past decades, the incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer has demon... more Background: During the past decades, the incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer has demonstrated a great decrease in the world, but it is still one of the most common and fatal cancers especially among men worldwide, including Iran. The MYC proto-oncogene, which is located at 8q24.1, regulates 15% of genes and is activated in 20% of all human tumors. MYC amplification and overexpression of its protein product has been reported in 15-30% of gastric neoplasias. The aim of this investigation was to find the relative efficacy of CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization) or IHC (immunohistochemistry) in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as the relationship of amplification and expression of C-MYC gene with patient survival. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 samples of gastric cancer were collected from patients who had undergone primary surgical resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from July 2009 to March 2014. All samples were randomly selected from those who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinomas. CISH and IHC methods were performed on all of them. Results: Patients were classified into two groups. The first consisted of stage I and II cases, and the second of stage III and IV. Survival tests for both groups was carried out with referrnce to CISH test reults. Group II (stage III & IV) with CISH+ featured lower survival than those with CISH-(p=0.233), but group I (stage I & II) patients demonstrated no significant variation with CISH+ or CISH-(p=0.630 ). Kaplan-Meier for both groups was carried out with IHC test findings and showed similar results. This data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer occurred significantly more in men than women. Our data also showed that CISH+ patients (43%) were more frequent in comparison with IHC+ patients (14.7%). Conclusions: For planning treatment of gastric cancer patients, by focusing on expanding tumors, which is the greatest concern of the surgeons and patients, CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, CISH can be used as a feasible test for tumor growth and prognosis in stage III and IV lesions. This study also indicated that C-MYC amplification in gastric cancer is correlated with survival in advanced stages.
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2012
... Full Length Research Paper A new craniosynostosis syndrome Cyrus Azimi ... Most of the affect... more ... Full Length Research Paper A new craniosynostosis syndrome Cyrus Azimi ... Most of the affected patients have a surgical procedure between 3 and 9 months of age to open the cranial vault to make space for the brain to grow (McCarthy et al., 1978). Hidestrand et al. ...
Background and Aim: ESR1 gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with breast cancer and... more Background and Aim: ESR1 gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with breast cancer and clinical features of the disease in Caucasians. Genomic data for ESR1 in either population is therefore of value in the clinical setting for that ethnic group. In this study association of polymorphism in ESR1 gene with breast cancer risk was investigated. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ESR1 polymorphisms in Iranian population. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed with invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147) (healthy control individuals). PCR singlestrand conformation polymorphism technology and direct sequencing was performed. Results: The frequency of heterozygote genotype in exon 8 (ACG → ACA/) was significantly higher in breast cancer patients (48.0%) than in control individuals (1.4%). We found that mutant allele (ACA) was significantly more common in breast cancer patients with age at menarche </=12 (40.8%) than in those which their menstruation began at older than 12 years old (23.9%). The mutant allele ACA exhibited, the greater the frequency, the lesser the likelihood of LN metastasis. Our results demonstrated that this particular SNP marker may increase accuracy in predicting LN. Conclusion: Our data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker to increase predicting breast cancer in Iranian population.
Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy and the second cause of cancer-related mort... more Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy and the second cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that in gastric carcinogenesis, the C-MYC gene has an important function. The objective of this study is to establish the preference of Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Samples comprised of 50 randomly selected patients of whom 40 were male and 10 female. To evaluate the MYC copy number and its protein expression, CISH and IHC analyses were performed for 50 gastric adenocarcinomas, in Iran. The location of the tumor in 64% of the patients was the fundus, and in 72% of patients, the tumors were of a diffuse type; 22 samples showed no amplification, and 28 samples were with amplification. MYC immunoreactivity was observed in 13 samples. Twelve samples showed both MYC amplification and MYC immunoreactivity. In addition, among the 28 CISH+ samples, 12 samples had po...
Pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 are among the most frequent chromosomal rearrangement in h... more Pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 are among the most frequent chromosomal rearrangement in human. A few cyto- geneticists consider inversions of chromosome 9 as a normal variant. However, many reports in the recent literature link pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 with infertility, recurrent abortions, and a number of other abnormal conditions. We report a case of homozygosity pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 in a woman with 28- wk stillbirth. In this case, her both parents were heterozygotes for the inversions of chromosome 9.
A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in orde... more A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in order to compare Western and Iranian (Middle East) distributions and to evaluate ESR1 polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism methodology and direct sequencing were performed. The silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was performed, as reported previously in other studies, but at significantly different frequencies, with further increasing predictive accuracy in Iranian population. Data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker for predicting breast cancer.
A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ESR1 polymorphisms in Iranian popul... more A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ESR1 polymorphisms in Iranian population in order to compare Western and Iranian (Middle East) distributions and to evaluate ESR1 polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism technology and direct sequencing was performed. The silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was found, as reported previously in other studies, but at significantly different frequencies. The frequency of genotype 01 in codon 594 (ACG-ACA), (G3242A), exon 8 was significantly higher in breast cancer patients (48.0%) than in control individuals (1.4%; p = 0.001). The allele 1 in codon 594 was significantly more common in breast cancer patients with age at menarche </=12 (40.8%) than in those which their menstruation began at older than 12 years old (23.9%; p = 0.002). The allele 1 in codon 594 exhibited, the greater the frequency, the lesser the likelihood of LN metastasis. Present results demonstrated that this particular SNP marker may increase accuracy in predicting LN. Therefore, this SNP marker further increased predictive accuracy in Iranian population. These data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker to increase predicting breast cancer in Iranian population.
Inherited thrombophilia is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombo... more Inherited thrombophilia is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thromboembolic disease. During pregnancy, the thrombogenic potential of this inherited disorder is enhanced because of the hypercoagulable state produced by normal pregnancy-associated changes in several coagulation factors. The purpose of this research was to find the association of polymorphisms and mutations of coagulation factors. This Study is the first comprehensive study of thrombophilia genes in the Iranian population. This current research was performed in a group of 70 women referred to the Department of Medical Genetics. due to reproductive failures with history of thrombosis in pregnancy, First degree families have a history of heart attacks and strokes. The clinical data on family history of diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, a history of recurrent pregnancy loss has been observed. The most common mutation was PAI-1 with (62.9 %) heterozygote 4G/5G alleles and (14.3%) homozygote 4G/4G alleles. The second and third mutations were MTHFR-C677 T with (44.3%) heterozygote and (8.6%) homozygotes and MTHFR-1298 C with (41.4%) heterozygotes and (12.9%) homozygotes. These data indicate that polymorphic variation in the prevalence of thrombophilia in women with recurrent miscarriage with our population has had a lot of different European populations. Mutations in this gene in the percentage of individuals who have a family history of stroke or heart rate have been observed.
occurring with menstruation, emotional stress or strenuous physical activity . FMF is usually an ... more occurring with menstruation, emotional stress or strenuous physical activity . FMF is usually an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease affects populations of Mediterranean origin: Ashkenazi Jews, North African Jews, Armenians, Arabs, Italians, and Turks. The gene causing FMF was cloned in 1997 . The gene responsible for FMF (MEFV) is located on the short
... J. Med. Med. Sci. less awareness of her infant&#x27;s medical needs (Bagge et al., 1989; ... more ... J. Med. Med. Sci. less awareness of her infant&#x27;s medical needs (Bagge et al., 1989; McCarthy and Hardy, 1993). Parama and Resmiati (2010) have reported a relationship between occupation, age and SES, and mother&#x27;s knowledge of LBW infants in Jakarta. Pittard et al. ...
The activated sludge process simply involves bringing together wastewater and a mixed culture of ... more The activated sludge process simply involves bringing together wastewater and a mixed culture of microorganisms under aerobic conditions. The system usually includes a secondary treatment given to the settled sewage, and requires an environment in which active microorganisms are maintained in intimate contact with wastewater in the presence of sufficient oxygen. In this study, the treatment of industrial effluents, by using laboratory activated sludge unit was investigated. The reduction of the pollution laws was determined, using the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) methods. The results indicated that the pollution laws was reduced by up to 98% in the activated sludge unit.
Alpha-synuclein is largely, but not entirely, expressed in the central nervous system. A high con... more Alpha-synuclein is largely, but not entirely, expressed in the central nervous system. A high concentration of alpha-synuclein in presynaptic terminals can mimic the normal function of endogenous alpha-synuclein in regulating synaptic vesicle mobilization at nerve terminals. Beta-synuclein protein is seen primarily in brain tissue and it is suggested that beta-synuclein acts as an inhibitor of alpha-synuclein aggregation, which occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the role of synucleins in neurologic diseases such as Parkinson&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease, we decided to study the changes of alpha- and beta-synucleins in schizophrenia patients in relation to a control group. For this purpose, total RNA was extracted from the lymphocytes of patients and controls and then cDNA was synthesized and used for real-time polymerase chain reaction. Calculation of the relative expression of alpha- and beta-synucleins showed downregulation in patients in comparison to the control group. Independent two-tailed t-test showed that beta-synuclein mRNA expression in the control group was significantly higher than that in the patient group (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), but downregulation of alpha-synuclein gene was not significant. Therefore, a significant downregulation of beta-synuclein mRNA expression appears to be a suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Some of the genotypes of cytokines are associated with acute graft versus host disease after bone... more Some of the genotypes of cytokines are associated with acute graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation. The purpose of the present investigation was to find out the possible association between transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) ...
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases char... more Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoblasts arrested at various differentiation stages. Increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal defects are present in these patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the chromosomal radiosensitivity in a group of ALL patients. Methods: To analyze chromosomal radiosensitivity of ALL patients, lymphocytes of 20 patients were cultured followed by ...
A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in orde... more A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in order to compare Western and Iranian (Middle East) distributions and to evaluate ESR1 polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism methodology and direct sequencing were performed. The silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was performed, as reported previously in other studies, but at significantly different frequencies, with further increasing predictive accuracy in Iranian population. Data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker for predicting breast cancer.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the in vitro sensitivity of lymphocytes of patients wi... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the in vitro sensitivity of lymphocytes of patients with head and neck cancer against gamma irradiation and also to find out if the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations correlate with side effects of radiotherapy. Patients and Methods : Peripheral blood of 101 patients with head and neck cancer was collected before the onset of radiotherapy, cultured and irradiated in the G2- or the G0- phase of the cell cycle. Lymphocytes of 40 healthy donors were treated in the same way. Chromosomal aberrations such as chromosome and chromatid breakages, chromosome and chromatid gaps, chromatid exchanges and micronuclei were scored in metaphase cells of the patient and control groups. Results: The frequency of radiation- induced G2 aberrations in lymphocytes of patients were on average higher than in those of healthy donors ( P =0.001 for chromosomal breaks). The frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei in the G0 assay were also higher in patients th...
The Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, 2009
Background: The Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their Western counterp... more Background: The Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their Western counterparts. Evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways, including estrogen receptor-D (ER-D ), occur during breast cancer development in Caucasians. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in Asians differ from those in Caucasians. Genomic data for ER-D in either population is therefore of value in the clinical setting for the Iranian breast cancer. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ERpolymorphisms in Iranian women population in order to compare Western and Asian with Iranian (Asian-Caucasians) distributions and to evaluate ER- polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. DNA samples were prepared from Iranian women with breast cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex clinical breast cancer group (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR sing...
All requested Suggestions have been done in Abstract as follow: ER-alpha and ER-beta genes have b... more All requested Suggestions have been done in Abstract as follow: ER-alpha and ER-beta genes have been proven to play a significant role in breast cancer. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in Middle East differ from those in the Western countries. Two selected coding regions in the ER-β gene (exons 3 and 7) were scanned in Iranian women with breast cancer (150) and in healthy individuals (147). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism was performed. A site of silent single nucleotide polymorphism was found only on exon 7. The SNP was found only in breast cancer patients (5.7%) (χ 2 =17.122, P=0.01). Codon 392 (C1176G) of allele 1 was found to have direct association with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Our data suggest that ER-β polymorphism in exon 7 codon 392 (C1176G) is correlated with various aspects of breast cancer and lymph node metastasis in our group of patients.
Background: During the past decades, the incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer has demon... more Background: During the past decades, the incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer has demonstrated a great decrease in the world, but it is still one of the most common and fatal cancers especially among men worldwide, including Iran. The MYC proto-oncogene, which is located at 8q24.1, regulates 15% of genes and is activated in 20% of all human tumors. MYC amplification and overexpression of its protein product has been reported in 15-30% of gastric neoplasias. The aim of this investigation was to find the relative efficacy of CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization) or IHC (immunohistochemistry) in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as the relationship of amplification and expression of C-MYC gene with patient survival. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 samples of gastric cancer were collected from patients who had undergone primary surgical resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from July 2009 to March 2014. All samples were randomly selected from those who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinomas. CISH and IHC methods were performed on all of them. Results: Patients were classified into two groups. The first consisted of stage I and II cases, and the second of stage III and IV. Survival tests for both groups was carried out with referrnce to CISH test reults. Group II (stage III & IV) with CISH+ featured lower survival than those with CISH-(p=0.233), but group I (stage I & II) patients demonstrated no significant variation with CISH+ or CISH-(p=0.630 ). Kaplan-Meier for both groups was carried out with IHC test findings and showed similar results. This data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer occurred significantly more in men than women. Our data also showed that CISH+ patients (43%) were more frequent in comparison with IHC+ patients (14.7%). Conclusions: For planning treatment of gastric cancer patients, by focusing on expanding tumors, which is the greatest concern of the surgeons and patients, CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, CISH can be used as a feasible test for tumor growth and prognosis in stage III and IV lesions. This study also indicated that C-MYC amplification in gastric cancer is correlated with survival in advanced stages.
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2012
... Full Length Research Paper A new craniosynostosis syndrome Cyrus Azimi ... Most of the affect... more ... Full Length Research Paper A new craniosynostosis syndrome Cyrus Azimi ... Most of the affected patients have a surgical procedure between 3 and 9 months of age to open the cranial vault to make space for the brain to grow (McCarthy et al., 1978). Hidestrand et al. ...
Background and Aim: ESR1 gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with breast cancer and... more Background and Aim: ESR1 gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with breast cancer and clinical features of the disease in Caucasians. Genomic data for ESR1 in either population is therefore of value in the clinical setting for that ethnic group. In this study association of polymorphism in ESR1 gene with breast cancer risk was investigated. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ESR1 polymorphisms in Iranian population. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed with invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147) (healthy control individuals). PCR singlestrand conformation polymorphism technology and direct sequencing was performed. Results: The frequency of heterozygote genotype in exon 8 (ACG → ACA/) was significantly higher in breast cancer patients (48.0%) than in control individuals (1.4%). We found that mutant allele (ACA) was significantly more common in breast cancer patients with age at menarche </=12 (40.8%) than in those which their menstruation began at older than 12 years old (23.9%). The mutant allele ACA exhibited, the greater the frequency, the lesser the likelihood of LN metastasis. Our results demonstrated that this particular SNP marker may increase accuracy in predicting LN. Conclusion: Our data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker to increase predicting breast cancer in Iranian population.
Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy and the second cause of cancer-related mort... more Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy and the second cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that in gastric carcinogenesis, the C-MYC gene has an important function. The objective of this study is to establish the preference of Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Samples comprised of 50 randomly selected patients of whom 40 were male and 10 female. To evaluate the MYC copy number and its protein expression, CISH and IHC analyses were performed for 50 gastric adenocarcinomas, in Iran. The location of the tumor in 64% of the patients was the fundus, and in 72% of patients, the tumors were of a diffuse type; 22 samples showed no amplification, and 28 samples were with amplification. MYC immunoreactivity was observed in 13 samples. Twelve samples showed both MYC amplification and MYC immunoreactivity. In addition, among the 28 CISH+ samples, 12 samples had po...
Pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 are among the most frequent chromosomal rearrangement in h... more Pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 are among the most frequent chromosomal rearrangement in human. A few cyto- geneticists consider inversions of chromosome 9 as a normal variant. However, many reports in the recent literature link pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 with infertility, recurrent abortions, and a number of other abnormal conditions. We report a case of homozygosity pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 in a woman with 28- wk stillbirth. In this case, her both parents were heterozygotes for the inversions of chromosome 9.
A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in orde... more A case study was conducted to establish a database of polymorphisms in Iranian population in order to compare Western and Iranian (Middle East) distributions and to evaluate ESR1 polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism methodology and direct sequencing were performed. The silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was performed, as reported previously in other studies, but at significantly different frequencies, with further increasing predictive accuracy in Iranian population. Data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker for predicting breast cancer.
A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ESR1 polymorphisms in Iranian popul... more A case-control study was conducted to establish a database of ESR1 polymorphisms in Iranian population in order to compare Western and Iranian (Middle East) distributions and to evaluate ESR1 polymorphism as an indicator of clinical outcome. The ESR1 gene was scanned in Iranian patients newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors, (150 patients) and in healthy individuals (147 healthy control individuals). PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism technology and direct sequencing was performed. The silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was found, as reported previously in other studies, but at significantly different frequencies. The frequency of genotype 01 in codon 594 (ACG-ACA), (G3242A), exon 8 was significantly higher in breast cancer patients (48.0%) than in control individuals (1.4%; p = 0.001). The allele 1 in codon 594 was significantly more common in breast cancer patients with age at menarche </=12 (40.8%) than in those which their menstruation began at older than 12 years old (23.9%; p = 0.002). The allele 1 in codon 594 exhibited, the greater the frequency, the lesser the likelihood of LN metastasis. Present results demonstrated that this particular SNP marker may increase accuracy in predicting LN. Therefore, this SNP marker further increased predictive accuracy in Iranian population. These data suggest that ESR1 polymorphisms are correlated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iranian ESR1 genotype, as determined during pre-surgical evaluation, might represent a surrogate marker to increase predicting breast cancer in Iranian population.
Inherited thrombophilia is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombo... more Inherited thrombophilia is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thromboembolic disease. During pregnancy, the thrombogenic potential of this inherited disorder is enhanced because of the hypercoagulable state produced by normal pregnancy-associated changes in several coagulation factors. The purpose of this research was to find the association of polymorphisms and mutations of coagulation factors. This Study is the first comprehensive study of thrombophilia genes in the Iranian population. This current research was performed in a group of 70 women referred to the Department of Medical Genetics. due to reproductive failures with history of thrombosis in pregnancy, First degree families have a history of heart attacks and strokes. The clinical data on family history of diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, a history of recurrent pregnancy loss has been observed. The most common mutation was PAI-1 with (62.9 %) heterozygote 4G/5G alleles and (14.3%) homozygote 4G/4G alleles. The second and third mutations were MTHFR-C677 T with (44.3%) heterozygote and (8.6%) homozygotes and MTHFR-1298 C with (41.4%) heterozygotes and (12.9%) homozygotes. These data indicate that polymorphic variation in the prevalence of thrombophilia in women with recurrent miscarriage with our population has had a lot of different European populations. Mutations in this gene in the percentage of individuals who have a family history of stroke or heart rate have been observed.
occurring with menstruation, emotional stress or strenuous physical activity . FMF is usually an ... more occurring with menstruation, emotional stress or strenuous physical activity . FMF is usually an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease affects populations of Mediterranean origin: Ashkenazi Jews, North African Jews, Armenians, Arabs, Italians, and Turks. The gene causing FMF was cloned in 1997 . The gene responsible for FMF (MEFV) is located on the short
... J. Med. Med. Sci. less awareness of her infant&#x27;s medical needs (Bagge et al., 1989; ... more ... J. Med. Med. Sci. less awareness of her infant&#x27;s medical needs (Bagge et al., 1989; McCarthy and Hardy, 1993). Parama and Resmiati (2010) have reported a relationship between occupation, age and SES, and mother&#x27;s knowledge of LBW infants in Jakarta. Pittard et al. ...
The activated sludge process simply involves bringing together wastewater and a mixed culture of ... more The activated sludge process simply involves bringing together wastewater and a mixed culture of microorganisms under aerobic conditions. The system usually includes a secondary treatment given to the settled sewage, and requires an environment in which active microorganisms are maintained in intimate contact with wastewater in the presence of sufficient oxygen. In this study, the treatment of industrial effluents, by using laboratory activated sludge unit was investigated. The reduction of the pollution laws was determined, using the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) methods. The results indicated that the pollution laws was reduced by up to 98% in the activated sludge unit.
Alpha-synuclein is largely, but not entirely, expressed in the central nervous system. A high con... more Alpha-synuclein is largely, but not entirely, expressed in the central nervous system. A high concentration of alpha-synuclein in presynaptic terminals can mimic the normal function of endogenous alpha-synuclein in regulating synaptic vesicle mobilization at nerve terminals. Beta-synuclein protein is seen primarily in brain tissue and it is suggested that beta-synuclein acts as an inhibitor of alpha-synuclein aggregation, which occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the role of synucleins in neurologic diseases such as Parkinson&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease, we decided to study the changes of alpha- and beta-synucleins in schizophrenia patients in relation to a control group. For this purpose, total RNA was extracted from the lymphocytes of patients and controls and then cDNA was synthesized and used for real-time polymerase chain reaction. Calculation of the relative expression of alpha- and beta-synucleins showed downregulation in patients in comparison to the control group. Independent two-tailed t-test showed that beta-synuclein mRNA expression in the control group was significantly higher than that in the patient group (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), but downregulation of alpha-synuclein gene was not significant. Therefore, a significant downregulation of beta-synuclein mRNA expression appears to be a suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Some of the genotypes of cytokines are associated with acute graft versus host disease after bone... more Some of the genotypes of cytokines are associated with acute graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation. The purpose of the present investigation was to find out the possible association between transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) ...
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases char... more Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoblasts arrested at various differentiation stages. Increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal defects are present in these patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the chromosomal radiosensitivity in a group of ALL patients. Methods: To analyze chromosomal radiosensitivity of ALL patients, lymphocytes of 20 patients were cultured followed by ...
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