Last Orders (MA Dissertation) by Charlotte Adcock
This dissertation documents the decline of pubs over the last 30 years, discovering why pubs are ... more This dissertation documents the decline of pubs over the last 30 years, discovering why pubs are closing and how we can better conserve them. It follows a Grounded Theory approach and balances the lack of academic research with a multitude of non-academic literature. Norwich was used as a case study to compare a survey of pubs undertaken in 1986 with the current situation. It was determined that pub closure was fundamentally grounded in the disassociation of certain communities from the traditional pub; with the heritage industry promoting outdated and impractical methods of conservation. This work is the first academic research paper exploring the reasons for decline and suggesting new forms of conservation.
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This dissertation documents the decline of pubs over the last 30 years, discovering why pubs are ... more This dissertation documents the decline of pubs over the last 30 years, discovering why pubs are closing and how we can better conserve them. It follows a Grounded Theory approach and balances the lack of academic research with a multitude of non-academic literature. Norwich was used as a case study to compare a survey of pubs undertaken in 1986 with the current situation. It was determined that pub closure was fundamentally grounded in the disassociation of certain communities from the traditional pub; with the heritage industry promoting outdated and impractical methods of conservation. This work is the first academic research paper exploring the reasons for decline and suggesting new forms of conservation.
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This dissertation documents the decline of pubs over the last 30 years, discovering why pubs are ... more This dissertation documents the decline of pubs over the last 30 years, discovering why pubs are closing and how we can better conserve them. It follows a Grounded Theory approach and balances the lack of academic research with a multitude of non-academic literature. Norwich was used as a case study to compare a survey of pubs undertaken in 1986 with the current situation. It was determined that pub closure was fundamentally grounded in the disassociation of certain communities from the traditional pub; with the heritage industry promoting outdated and impractical methods of conservation. This work is the first academic research paper exploring the reasons for decline and suggesting new forms of conservation.
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Chapter Houses (BA Dissertation) by Charlotte Adcock
A chapter house is a building found in all monasteries and most secular cathedral spaces. Its pur... more A chapter house is a building found in all monasteries and most secular cathedral spaces. Its purpose is to hold the meeting of the Chapter, an important body concerned with the running of the religious institution. Chapter houses are highly important buildings often second in status, expense and decoration only to the cathedral or church itself. These
fascinating buildings provide the answer as to how monasteries and secular cathedral communities were administratively run. They are also a unique form of ecclesiastical architecture, often displaying highly technical and complex elements of architectural structure on a smaller scale. Although many studies have been conducted regarding individual chapter houses and their architecture, a comparative study of the development of this type of building has never been completed. This lack of scholarly attention has resulted in large periods of development being ignored and minimal focus being placed on the architectural importance of chapter houses.
In this essay, I explore the development of the chapter house and discuss some of the possibilities for the changes to its architectural fabric. I will address how the chapter house came into being, and look at why this specific building is absent from important early documents in monastic history, such as the Carolingian Plan of St. Gall. I will discuss what the chapter house was used for, how it was arranged and conventions of construction. My second chapter will focus on the uniquely English development of the polygonal chapter house and will attempt to explain the precedent and reasoning behind its first use at Worcester. Also required is an explanation as to why it took 100 years before this style was readopted and how it became popular in English ecclesiastical architecture. In my final chapters, I will examine how the central support was removed at York and Southwell Minster and what effect this had on the development of roof vaulting during this period. I will question the function of the vestibule and discuss whether it had a separate purpose to the chapter house. I will consider the decoration of chapter houses, focusing particularly on iconography of the Virgin and exploring whether the chapter house represents the Garden of the Virgin.
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Building Conservation Essays (MA) by Charlotte Adcock
Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Building Conservation), 2017.
I... more Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Building Conservation), 2017.
In this essay, I will explore why gender theory is the most interesting and useful approach to the analysis and interpretation of nunneries and palaces, focusing particularly on how it can display the sexual inaccessibility of queens and nuns. Although these two types of architectural spaces appear vastly different, both are large communities which have strict expectations placed on them. Within both communities women play a pivotal and the majority of the population would be of a high social standing. My study focuses on Amanda Richardson’s analysis of palaces and Roberta Gilchrist’s work on nunneries. Gilchrist and Richardson focused on a wide range of examples to ensure their conclusions were as applicable as possible, these included for Gilchrist- Watton, Cambridge, Davington, Lacock, Burham, Little Marlow, Kirklees and Polsloe- and for Richardson- Clarendon, Kennington, Westminster, the Tower of London and Waltham-in-the-Forest. All of these examples are focused primarily between the 12th and 14th Centuries
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Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Historic Buildings), 2017.
In th... more Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Historic Buildings), 2017.
In this essay, I will explore the changing approaches to the analysis and interpretation of ecclesiastical architecture, focusing on the new body of scholarship put forward by Giles and Graves that discusses how we interpret historical ideas of viewing space. I will argue that this approach goes further than traditional scholarship to facilitate an understanding of the function of ecclesiastical structures through those who used it. Furthermore, I will discuss how digital reconstruction can be used to advance these interpretations by providing a historical context in which scholars can experiment with ongoing theories. I will begin my essay with a short chronological overview of the historiography of ecclesiastical architecture before developing my argument for these modern methods through the examination of two in-depth case studies. Throughout this essay I will argue that the modern scholarship put forward by Giles and Graves can show us how the laity interacted with elements of the church and moves us forward in our understanding of the function of these ecclesiastical structures.
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Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Building Conservation), 2017.
I... more Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Building Conservation), 2017.
In this essay I will focus on the issues of authenticity and integrity in post- war reconstruction by analysing two sites with opposing ideas of recovery. Both were effected by the Second World War however Oradour-sur-glane, in France, is a memorialised site left “in ruins” within France, whilst Dresden, in Germany, is a reconstructed historic asset. This essay will consider the issues which may arise in dealing with assets in a post-war environment, with authenticity and integrity being central to the debate. The dictionary definition of authenticity is of something which is genuine, real and not copied, whilst the definition of integrity is “an adherence to moral and ethical principles and soundness of moral character” as well as a “state of being whole, entire or undiminished” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2012). Concepts of integrity and authenticity must also embody issues of ethics, memory, promotion of dark heritage, identity, trauma and sustainability within them. These issues must all be considered in the ethics of retention or reconstruction of post-war structures.
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Paper written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Historic Buildings), 2017.
In ... more Paper written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Historic Buildings), 2017.
In this essay, I will discuss the issues faced by the historic environment as a result of climate change and coastal erosion and discuss the governmental policies (and policies of other key institutions) currently in place to save heritage assets which are at risk. I will also focus on three case studies which demonstrate the “Hold the line”, “Mitigated realignment” and “No active intervention” techniques respectively, discussing the relative merits of each technique with an aim to selecting the best option for the future.
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Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Building Conservation), 2017.
T... more Essay written for University of York MA in Conservation Studies (Building Conservation), 2017.
The value-based approach is a new concept that aims to contradict earlier approaches which relied almost exclusively on surviving fabric. This is to enable the conservation of those cultures without material fabric, or to appreciate buildings whose fabric may be of little significance but is particularly important to the narrative of a community. The significant advantage of using a value- based approach in conservation is that it can be applicable to historic assets that would never be appreciated under the traditional system. Within this essay I would like to focus on the affect the value- based system has had on the consideration of Public Houses as heritage assets.
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Last Orders (MA Dissertation) by Charlotte Adcock
Chapter Houses (BA Dissertation) by Charlotte Adcock
fascinating buildings provide the answer as to how monasteries and secular cathedral communities were administratively run. They are also a unique form of ecclesiastical architecture, often displaying highly technical and complex elements of architectural structure on a smaller scale. Although many studies have been conducted regarding individual chapter houses and their architecture, a comparative study of the development of this type of building has never been completed. This lack of scholarly attention has resulted in large periods of development being ignored and minimal focus being placed on the architectural importance of chapter houses.
In this essay, I explore the development of the chapter house and discuss some of the possibilities for the changes to its architectural fabric. I will address how the chapter house came into being, and look at why this specific building is absent from important early documents in monastic history, such as the Carolingian Plan of St. Gall. I will discuss what the chapter house was used for, how it was arranged and conventions of construction. My second chapter will focus on the uniquely English development of the polygonal chapter house and will attempt to explain the precedent and reasoning behind its first use at Worcester. Also required is an explanation as to why it took 100 years before this style was readopted and how it became popular in English ecclesiastical architecture. In my final chapters, I will examine how the central support was removed at York and Southwell Minster and what effect this had on the development of roof vaulting during this period. I will question the function of the vestibule and discuss whether it had a separate purpose to the chapter house. I will consider the decoration of chapter houses, focusing particularly on iconography of the Virgin and exploring whether the chapter house represents the Garden of the Virgin.
Building Conservation Essays (MA) by Charlotte Adcock
In this essay, I will explore why gender theory is the most interesting and useful approach to the analysis and interpretation of nunneries and palaces, focusing particularly on how it can display the sexual inaccessibility of queens and nuns. Although these two types of architectural spaces appear vastly different, both are large communities which have strict expectations placed on them. Within both communities women play a pivotal and the majority of the population would be of a high social standing. My study focuses on Amanda Richardson’s analysis of palaces and Roberta Gilchrist’s work on nunneries. Gilchrist and Richardson focused on a wide range of examples to ensure their conclusions were as applicable as possible, these included for Gilchrist- Watton, Cambridge, Davington, Lacock, Burham, Little Marlow, Kirklees and Polsloe- and for Richardson- Clarendon, Kennington, Westminster, the Tower of London and Waltham-in-the-Forest. All of these examples are focused primarily between the 12th and 14th Centuries
In this essay, I will explore the changing approaches to the analysis and interpretation of ecclesiastical architecture, focusing on the new body of scholarship put forward by Giles and Graves that discusses how we interpret historical ideas of viewing space. I will argue that this approach goes further than traditional scholarship to facilitate an understanding of the function of ecclesiastical structures through those who used it. Furthermore, I will discuss how digital reconstruction can be used to advance these interpretations by providing a historical context in which scholars can experiment with ongoing theories. I will begin my essay with a short chronological overview of the historiography of ecclesiastical architecture before developing my argument for these modern methods through the examination of two in-depth case studies. Throughout this essay I will argue that the modern scholarship put forward by Giles and Graves can show us how the laity interacted with elements of the church and moves us forward in our understanding of the function of these ecclesiastical structures.
In this essay I will focus on the issues of authenticity and integrity in post- war reconstruction by analysing two sites with opposing ideas of recovery. Both were effected by the Second World War however Oradour-sur-glane, in France, is a memorialised site left “in ruins” within France, whilst Dresden, in Germany, is a reconstructed historic asset. This essay will consider the issues which may arise in dealing with assets in a post-war environment, with authenticity and integrity being central to the debate. The dictionary definition of authenticity is of something which is genuine, real and not copied, whilst the definition of integrity is “an adherence to moral and ethical principles and soundness of moral character” as well as a “state of being whole, entire or undiminished” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2012). Concepts of integrity and authenticity must also embody issues of ethics, memory, promotion of dark heritage, identity, trauma and sustainability within them. These issues must all be considered in the ethics of retention or reconstruction of post-war structures.
In this essay, I will discuss the issues faced by the historic environment as a result of climate change and coastal erosion and discuss the governmental policies (and policies of other key institutions) currently in place to save heritage assets which are at risk. I will also focus on three case studies which demonstrate the “Hold the line”, “Mitigated realignment” and “No active intervention” techniques respectively, discussing the relative merits of each technique with an aim to selecting the best option for the future.
The value-based approach is a new concept that aims to contradict earlier approaches which relied almost exclusively on surviving fabric. This is to enable the conservation of those cultures without material fabric, or to appreciate buildings whose fabric may be of little significance but is particularly important to the narrative of a community. The significant advantage of using a value- based approach in conservation is that it can be applicable to historic assets that would never be appreciated under the traditional system. Within this essay I would like to focus on the affect the value- based system has had on the consideration of Public Houses as heritage assets.
fascinating buildings provide the answer as to how monasteries and secular cathedral communities were administratively run. They are also a unique form of ecclesiastical architecture, often displaying highly technical and complex elements of architectural structure on a smaller scale. Although many studies have been conducted regarding individual chapter houses and their architecture, a comparative study of the development of this type of building has never been completed. This lack of scholarly attention has resulted in large periods of development being ignored and minimal focus being placed on the architectural importance of chapter houses.
In this essay, I explore the development of the chapter house and discuss some of the possibilities for the changes to its architectural fabric. I will address how the chapter house came into being, and look at why this specific building is absent from important early documents in monastic history, such as the Carolingian Plan of St. Gall. I will discuss what the chapter house was used for, how it was arranged and conventions of construction. My second chapter will focus on the uniquely English development of the polygonal chapter house and will attempt to explain the precedent and reasoning behind its first use at Worcester. Also required is an explanation as to why it took 100 years before this style was readopted and how it became popular in English ecclesiastical architecture. In my final chapters, I will examine how the central support was removed at York and Southwell Minster and what effect this had on the development of roof vaulting during this period. I will question the function of the vestibule and discuss whether it had a separate purpose to the chapter house. I will consider the decoration of chapter houses, focusing particularly on iconography of the Virgin and exploring whether the chapter house represents the Garden of the Virgin.
In this essay, I will explore why gender theory is the most interesting and useful approach to the analysis and interpretation of nunneries and palaces, focusing particularly on how it can display the sexual inaccessibility of queens and nuns. Although these two types of architectural spaces appear vastly different, both are large communities which have strict expectations placed on them. Within both communities women play a pivotal and the majority of the population would be of a high social standing. My study focuses on Amanda Richardson’s analysis of palaces and Roberta Gilchrist’s work on nunneries. Gilchrist and Richardson focused on a wide range of examples to ensure their conclusions were as applicable as possible, these included for Gilchrist- Watton, Cambridge, Davington, Lacock, Burham, Little Marlow, Kirklees and Polsloe- and for Richardson- Clarendon, Kennington, Westminster, the Tower of London and Waltham-in-the-Forest. All of these examples are focused primarily between the 12th and 14th Centuries
In this essay, I will explore the changing approaches to the analysis and interpretation of ecclesiastical architecture, focusing on the new body of scholarship put forward by Giles and Graves that discusses how we interpret historical ideas of viewing space. I will argue that this approach goes further than traditional scholarship to facilitate an understanding of the function of ecclesiastical structures through those who used it. Furthermore, I will discuss how digital reconstruction can be used to advance these interpretations by providing a historical context in which scholars can experiment with ongoing theories. I will begin my essay with a short chronological overview of the historiography of ecclesiastical architecture before developing my argument for these modern methods through the examination of two in-depth case studies. Throughout this essay I will argue that the modern scholarship put forward by Giles and Graves can show us how the laity interacted with elements of the church and moves us forward in our understanding of the function of these ecclesiastical structures.
In this essay I will focus on the issues of authenticity and integrity in post- war reconstruction by analysing two sites with opposing ideas of recovery. Both were effected by the Second World War however Oradour-sur-glane, in France, is a memorialised site left “in ruins” within France, whilst Dresden, in Germany, is a reconstructed historic asset. This essay will consider the issues which may arise in dealing with assets in a post-war environment, with authenticity and integrity being central to the debate. The dictionary definition of authenticity is of something which is genuine, real and not copied, whilst the definition of integrity is “an adherence to moral and ethical principles and soundness of moral character” as well as a “state of being whole, entire or undiminished” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2012). Concepts of integrity and authenticity must also embody issues of ethics, memory, promotion of dark heritage, identity, trauma and sustainability within them. These issues must all be considered in the ethics of retention or reconstruction of post-war structures.
In this essay, I will discuss the issues faced by the historic environment as a result of climate change and coastal erosion and discuss the governmental policies (and policies of other key institutions) currently in place to save heritage assets which are at risk. I will also focus on three case studies which demonstrate the “Hold the line”, “Mitigated realignment” and “No active intervention” techniques respectively, discussing the relative merits of each technique with an aim to selecting the best option for the future.
The value-based approach is a new concept that aims to contradict earlier approaches which relied almost exclusively on surviving fabric. This is to enable the conservation of those cultures without material fabric, or to appreciate buildings whose fabric may be of little significance but is particularly important to the narrative of a community. The significant advantage of using a value- based approach in conservation is that it can be applicable to historic assets that would never be appreciated under the traditional system. Within this essay I would like to focus on the affect the value- based system has had on the consideration of Public Houses as heritage assets.