Papers by Charlotte Williams
Critical and Radical Social Work
Chemical Science
A heterodinuclear Al(iii)/K(i) organometallic ring-opening copolymerization catalyst shows except... more A heterodinuclear Al(iii)/K(i) organometallic ring-opening copolymerization catalyst shows exceptional rates, end-group selectivity and good loading tolerance to deliver monodisperse polyesters with molar masses up to 91 kg mol−1.
Social work in a diverse society
Homelessness remains a major social issue affecting communities across the United States. While t... more Homelessness remains a major social issue affecting communities across the United States. While the harsh realities of homelessness and its effect on the lives of adults are severe, its ramifications on families with children are extreme and unacceptable. Homeless and near-homeless families can be rescued from the severity of poverty through preventitive social programs specifically designed and implemented to address their needs. Our House, Inc., an Arkansas nonprofit organization, has adopted a successful two-generation approach model to resolve homelessness in Little Rock. This article highlights the operations of Our House as a promising, nationally replicable practice model.
Social Work and the City, 2016
Urbanisation is identified as among the most significant trends of the twenty-first century. By 2... more Urbanisation is identified as among the most significant trends of the twenty-first century. By 2030, two thirds of the world’s population will be residing in cities—cities which are increasingly diverse, increasingly ageing and increasingly complex in their institutional arrangements. This chapter outlines the major transformations affecting the modern city and critically considers concepts such as ‘the urban age’ [UN-Habitat (United Nations Habitat). (2012). State of the worlds cities 2012/2013. http://unhabitat.org/books/prosperity-of-cities-state-of-the-worlds-cities-20122013/. Accessed 10 July 2015], ‘the urban crisis’ and the urban condition, drawing on writers such as Gleeson [(2014). Coming through slaughter (MSSI issues paper No. 3). Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne. http://www.sustainable.unimelb.edu.au/files/mssi/MSSI-IssuesPaper-3_Gleeson_2014_0.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept 2015], Glaeser [(2014). The triumph of the city: How urban spaces make us human. London: PanMacmillan] and Brenner and Schmid (Int J Urban Reg Res 38(3):731–755, 2014) in unravelling the key debates. The chapter asks ‘What are the opportunities and what are the challenges posed by these major shifts and changes? How have cities affected how we live today? What are the specificities of the city for social work consideration?’ It explores key sociological theories and conceptual frameworks for analysing the city, suggesting competing interpretations of how we come to know the city. It presents a view of the city as complex and multi-faceted, rather than a unified problematic.
YouTube, Mar 1, 2021
As part of the celebration of our first 100 years, we will host two connected events exploring th... more As part of the celebration of our first 100 years, we will host two connected events exploring the Trust’s contribution to education and training and its legacy. This is the first of two sessions in a series of events exploring mental wellbeing at work and examining what circumstances enable individuals, groups, organisation and systems to thrive. The sessions will be co-chaired by Brian Rock, Postgraduate Dean and Director of Education and Training and Chris Caldwell, Director of Nursing and System Workforce Development who will host a panel of speakers. Session two will focus on organisations and systems. Our mission today remains true to our founding mission ‘to help, to understand more and to teach our work.’ From training individual learners, to organisations systemically, we will describe the contribution that the Tavistock and Portman has pioneered in learning and teaching and its contribution to the wellbeing of the health and care workforce. Our approach develops capabilities and fosters confidence that equip students and practitioners to make thoughtful and relevant contributions to their work in health, mental health, social care, education and criminal justice. We encourage our learners to recognise their feelings, connect with the dynamics of relationships, and to learn how to work with emotions and use theoretical constructs, how to hold complexity and uncertainty, and how to operate in groups and multi-disciplinary teams to meet the emotional and psychological needs of the people we strive to help. We are at the forefront of workforce transformation within mental health – both training people to deliver mental health services and in ensuring the mental health of the whole health and care workforce. We offer assessment and design and delivery of interventions to support small and medium sized businesses to address worker mental health and psychological wellbeing. Within health and care we have led the establishment of a system-wide approach to supporting worker mental health and wellbeing in response to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Session one - Individual and team development We enable practitioners to understand themselves as leaders and the impact their work has on them and they on it. Rooting the session in the Trust’s experience as an education provider, we will engage our speakers in their own stories about the challenges delivering mental health care. Our speakers will reflect on their personal and professional development. We will end by bringing a contemporary lens to explore current applications of our theory and practice and future possibilities, as we widen participation in our student cohort and reach beyond our core student constituencies. This session will aim to enable participants to join the panel in reflecting on the experience of being in work and to think about the core requirements of the workplace and the individual to enable people to continue to thrive in work, even under difficult circumstances. This session will connect our long experience of supporting individual learners and teams with our work with organisations and the wider system through a common thread of reflective practice. There will be a unique opportunity to draw on all of our experiences and challenges together with the particular issues of delivering health and mental health care and social care through the pandemic. This talk will appeal to people working in the NHS and care sector, education, and more widely in the public sector, with an interest in their own wellbeing and the mental health of the people who are at the centre of their service provision. It will also appeal to leaders from any sector who are keen to improve the wellbeing of their staff, teams and organisations
International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2022
Archeological sites are often made distinct by barriers, zoning, signage, and controlled access. ... more Archeological sites are often made distinct by barriers, zoning, signage, and controlled access. Yet socially, sites are integrated into, rather than plucked from, intricate and maintained cultural landscapes. Jessica Joyce Christie’s Earth Politics and Intangible Heritage: Three Case Studies in the Americas engages in three examples of communities living around archaeologically defined areas from North, Central, and South America. In particular, Christie examines how three Indigenous communities, each grappling with layered and internal colonialisms, conceptualize and maintain memory within different landscapes under distinct economic, religious, and environmental conditions. Christie’s work does not starkly contrast archeological knowledge with Indigenous knowledge, but rather seeks to integrate land-based identities and ways of knowing into the manners that the cultural landscapes are made, patterned, and inhabited.
Frontiers in Medicine, 2021
Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a rare, but highly recurrent inflammatory placental ... more Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a rare, but highly recurrent inflammatory placental lesion wherein maternal macrophages infiltrate the intervillous space. Pregnancies with CHI are at high risk of fetal growth restriction, miscarriage or stillbirth. Presently, the diagnosis can only be made after histopathological examination of the placenta. Given its proposed immunological etiology, current treatments include aspirin, heparin, and immunomodulatory agents. However, the rationale for these medications is largely based upon small case series and reports as there is a lack of larger studies investigating treatment efficacy. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether inclusion of immunomodulatory medications was effective at reducing the severity of lesions and improving pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. Thirty-three women with a history of CHI in at least one pregnancy (index case) were identified retrospectively through medical records. Twenty-eight par...
The release of hazardous gases, especially accidental releases, can have a major impact on the su... more The release of hazardous gases, especially accidental releases, can have a major impact on the surrounding environment and population. The history of accidental hazardous gas releases is filled with plant destruction, civilian injury, and even death. Knowledge of how these gases travel and disperse once released can significantly lessen physical harm and improve emergency procedures. The Jack Rabbit II field test was conducted in pursuit of this knowledge for a chlorine release. In this field test, a purpose-built chlorine tank was surrounded by CONEX trailers assembled in the desert in Utah to model an urban setting. Multiple releases of chlorine in this setting were conducted, and the concentrations downwind were measured and analyzed. Because of the limitations of field tests, a wind tunnel model of this field test program would be beneficial. Such model testing would allow for more releases while changing many of the test variables. A wind tunnel model would have repeatable tests, allowing for ensemble averages to improve data. In pursuit of this goal, a 1:50 scale model of the field test was created. Once the model was complete, several preliminary tests were conducted to test the design of the experiment. Using fog to represent chlorine, videos of these preliminary tests were obtained and compared to the field test videos
Historical Archaeology, 2021
Student mental health has been on the agenda for some time, and of late we are seeing increasing ... more Student mental health has been on the agenda for some time, and of late we are seeing increasing awareness and concerns around staff mental health. This has been documented in HEPI’s publications such as The invisible problem? Improving students’ mental health by Poppy Brown, The Positive and Mindful University by Anthony Seldon and Alan Martin and most recently Pressure Vessels II: An update on mental health among higher education staff in the UK by Dr Liz Morrish, and Professor Nicky Priaulx...
Nordic Social Work Research, 2020
Those working in the field of social welfare as practitioners, policy makers, researchers and aca... more Those working in the field of social welfare as practitioners, policy makers, researchers and academics draw on particular constructions of the child and childhood that reflect societal, political ...
The United States Public Health Service recommends that age appropriate preconception care be pro... more The United States Public Health Service recommends that age appropriate preconception care be provided to all women of reproductive age. Preconception health care provides a woman the opportunity to assess her health status before pregnancy, make appropriate health promoting behavior changes and increase the potential for a healthy pregnancy outcome. Neural tube defects, fetal alcohol syndrome, congenital malformations and low birth weight are examples of adverse infant conditions that can be reduced through preconception health care interventions. Current research suggests that preconception health care according to United States Public Health Service recommendations is not practiced in the primary care setting. This researcher sought to elucidate the preconception health care interventions of nurse practitioners in the primary care setting. Nola Pender’s theory of health promotion provided the theoretical framework of this research. A descriptive survey was utilized to answer the ...
Background: Some women develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress following childbirth. There is pr... more Background: Some women develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress following childbirth. There is preliminary evidence that cognitive variables may be associated with the development or maintenance of these symptoms. Research indicates that symptoms of posttraumatic stress following childbirth may have negative consequences for mother-infant relationship outcomes. However, these may be attributable to comorbid symptoms of depression. Further evidence is required regarding the nature of the relationships between these variables. Methods: An internet based cross-sectional questionnaire design was employed to test hypothesised relationships between maternal attachment experiences, metacognition, symptoms of PTSD and depression and perceptions of the mother-infant bond, in an analogue sample of new mothers. Structural equation modelling was employed for the principal analysis. Results: The final structural model demonstrated a good fit to sample data. Metacognition fully mediated the relationship between attachment experiences and postnatal psychological outcomes. The association between posttraumatic stress and maternal perceptions of the mother-infant bond was fully mediated by depression. Conclusions: Metacognition may have a key role in the development and maintenance of postnatal psychological distress. If clinically significant postnatal depression is identified, screening for posttraumatic stress is strongly indicated
Social Work and the City, 2016
Shaw’s initial review of major social work databases indicated little contemporary published rese... more Shaw’s initial review of major social work databases indicated little contemporary published research on social work and the urban (Eur J Soc Work, 14(1):11–26, 2011). The opportunity to introduce social workers to a consideration of innovative research methodologies in the context of city life is apparent. This chapter revisits the insights from urban sociological research practice, outlining key traditions such as the social administration tradition, the Settlement ethnography, the Chicago School and others. It draws examples of innovative methodologies utilised in the context of assessing needs, engaging with hard-to-reach and very vulnerable communities, including ecological research models, ethnography, community mapping, psychogeography, audio walking and social impact assessment, among others. The intention is to foreground research as a social work practice and to highlight the possibilities for social work practitioner research, as well as point to academic research trajectories on urban/city issues. The role of research in social justice advocacy will be highlighted.
African American Studies Center, 2007
Chemical Science, 2021
Carbon dioxide-based multiblock polymers are synthesised, in one-pot, from a mixture of monomers ... more Carbon dioxide-based multiblock polymers are synthesised, in one-pot, from a mixture of monomers using a highly selective and active heterodinuclear Co(ii)Mg(ii) catalyst.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2021
Heteroatom containing polymers have strong potential as sustainable replacements for petrochemica... more Heteroatom containing polymers have strong potential as sustainable replacements for petrochemicals, show controllable monomer-polymer equilibria and properties spanning plastics, elastomers, fibres, resins, foams, coatings, adhesives and self-assembled nanostructures. Their current and future applications span packaging, house-hold goods, clothing, automotive components, electronics, optical materials, sensors and medical products. An interesting route to these polymers is the catalysed ring-opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of heterocycles and heteroallenes. It is a living polymerization, occurs with high atom economy and creates precise, new polymer structures inaccessible by traditional methods. In the last decade there has been renaissance in research and increasing examples of commercial products made using ROCOP. It is better known in the production of polycarbonates and polyesters but is also a powerful route to make N-, S- and other heteroatom containing polymers, including polyamides, polycarbamates, polythioesters and others. This review presents an overview of the different catalysts, monomer combinations and polymer classes accessed by heterocycle/heteroallene ROCOP. It aims to provide a guide for users both to the catalysis and the resulting materials properties as well as highlighting opportunities for future research and applications.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2021
Abstract A challenge in polymer synthesis using CO2 is to precisely control CO2 placement in the ... more Abstract A challenge in polymer synthesis using CO2 is to precisely control CO2 placement in the backbone and chain end groups. Here, a new catalyst class delivers unusual selectivity and is self‐switched between different polymerization cycles to construct specific sequences and desirable chain‐end chemistries. The best catalyst is a trinuclear dizinc(II)sodium(I) complex and it functions without additives or co‐catalysts. It shows excellent rates across different ring‐opening (co)polymerization catalytic cycles and allows precise control of CO2 incorporation within polyesters and polyethers, thereby allowing access to new polymer chemistries without requiring esoteric monomers, multi‐reactor processes or complex post‐polymerization procedures. The structures, kinetics and mechanisms of the catalysts are investigated, providing evidence for intermediate speciation and uncovering the factors governing structure and composition and thereby guiding future catalyst design.
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Papers by Charlotte Williams