The evaluation of Tiber River quality, in a stretch including a sewage treatment plant, has been ... more The evaluation of Tiber River quality, in a stretch including a sewage treatment plant, has been carried out by the contemporary evaluation of water effect on Daphnia and benthic macroinvertebrates community structure. To achieve a good status of a river water by the end of 2015, as provided in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, is necessary to know the quality starting point. To this end, several endpoints are expected by the WFD, including Daphnia toxicity test and macroinvertebrate community analysis.
The cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Anagnostidis & Komarek (previously Oscillatoria rubesce... more The cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Anagnostidis & Komarek (previously Oscillatoria rubescens DC ex Gomont) is present in several Italian lakes and it is known to produce cyanotoxins. The dynamics and toxin production of P. rubescens population in Lake Albano, a volcanic crater lake in Central Italy, has been studied for 5 years (January 2001–April 2005). Winter–spring superficial blooms with frequent scums were observed every year. Total microcystin (MC) levels were measured from April 2004 to October 2005 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MC levels up to 14.2 μg/l were measured, with high concentrations found in summer at a 20–25 m depth. The intracellular toxin content varied between 1.5 (surface, January 2004) and 0.21 pg/cell (surface, May 2004). Six different MCs were detected, the most abundant being two desmethyl-MC-RR isomers. Of the 13 water wells monitored in the Lake Albano area, two of them showed MC contamination during winter, confirming the ability of these toxins to migrate through groundwater towards public water sources. These results highlight the need for further studies on the mobility and fate of these pervasive cyanobacterial toxins.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-part A-current Issues, 2008
Data on metals involvement in colorectal polyps are scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study... more Data on metals involvement in colorectal polyps are scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to examine whether the level of metals could be associated with risk of colorectal polyp development. The concentration of 15 chemical elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg Mg, Mn, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn) in 17 colorectal biopsies of healthy individuals, in 15 polypotic and corresponding nonpolypotic biopsies taken from the same individual, was evaluated. Concentration in polyps of metals such as Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn was unchanged both in unpaired and paired samples; elements such as Ba, Cd, and Hg were significantly lower and Fe was significantly higher both in individual and paired tissues. Cobalt, Cr, and Cu were significantly different only between polyps and the adjacent normal tissue area; Se showed a significant accumulation comparing polyps versus healthy tissues. The difference found in some elements between polyps and a control tissue provides an indication about the role of essential and nonessential elements in the early stage (polyps) in the colon carcinogenic process and encourages further studies to confirm the involvement of such elements in neoplastic processes.
The use of natural products as a diet supplement is increasing worldwide but sometimes is not fol... more The use of natural products as a diet supplement is increasing worldwide but sometimes is not followed by adequate sanitary controls and analyses. Twenty samples of pills and capsules of lyophilised cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), commercialised in Italy as dietary supplements, were found positive at the Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Further analyses with ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods revealed the presence of four microcystin (MC) analogues, MC-LR, -YR, -LA, -RR and two demethylated forms of MC-RR. The highest total microcystin content was 4.5 and 1.4 microg g-1 in pills and capsules, respectively. The ELISA measurements, compared to the LC-MS/MS analyses, showed significantly lower concentrations of microcystins in pills, this confirming a possible ELISA underestimate of mixed microcystins, due to different sensitivities for some toxic analogues.
A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests... more A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests to calculate measurement uncertainty was described and applied to a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS)-based method for the determination of Be, Cd, Hg, Ir, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, U, Tl and W in human serum. The method was validated according to criteria issued by international bodies such as AOAC, Eurachem and ISO and the uncertainty in the analytical measurements was estimated following the Eurachem/Citac guide. The methodology was based on dilution of human serum with water and analysis by serum-matched standard calibration. The method quantification limits ranged 0.02 mg/L (Tl, Ir) to 0.26 mg/L (Hg). The coefficients of regression were greater than 0.9991 over a range of two orders of magnitude of concentration. The mean trueness was 101% and the mean recovery on three levels of fortification (1-, 1.5-, and 2-times the baseline serum level) ranged between 93.3% and 106%. The maximum relative standard deviation values for repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were 12.8% and 13.5%. The method was robust to slight variations of some critical factors relevant to the sample preparation and SF-ICP-MS instrumentation. The relative expanded uncertainty over three levels of concentration ranged from 11.6% (Hg) to 27.6% (Pt), and the uncertainty on the within-laboratory reproducibility, which included factors such as time, analyst and calibration, represented the main contribution to the overall uncertainty.
A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests... more A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests to calculate measurement uncertainty was described and applied to a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS)-based method for the determination of Be, Cd, Hg, Ir, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, U, Tl and W in human serum. The method was validated according to criteria issued by international bodies such as AOAC, Eurachem and ISO and the uncertainty in the analytical measurements was estimated following the Eurachem/Citac guide. The methodology was based on dilution of human serum with water and analysis by serum-matched standard calibration. The method quantification limits ranged 0.02 mg/L (Tl, Ir) to 0.26 mg/L (Hg). The coefficients of regression were greater than 0.9991 over a range of two orders of magnitude of concentration. The mean trueness was 101% and the mean recovery on three levels of fortification (1-, 1.5-, and 2-times the baseline serum level) ranged between 93.3% and 106%. The maximum relative standard deviation values for repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were 12.8% and 13.5%. The method was robust to slight variations of some critical factors relevant to the sample preparation and SF-ICP-MS instrumentation. The relative expanded uncertainty over three levels of concentration ranged from 11.6% (Hg) to 27.6% (Pt), and the uncertainty on the within-laboratory reproducibility, which included factors such as time, analyst and calibration, represented the main contribution to the overall uncertainty.
International Journal of Environment and Health, 2009
This study was devoted to the quantification of 21 metals (Al, and Zn) in the colorectal tissue o... more This study was devoted to the quantification of 21 metals (Al, and Zn) in the colorectal tissue of 52 healthy subjects, 31 patients with polyps and 21 post-operated patients, and in blood, serum and urine of all subjects. Tissues of healthy subjects had a content of metals similar to those of postoperated patients and to normal tissues adjacent to the polyp. The polyps had concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sr and V significantly lower and of Fe and Se significantly higher respect to normal Composition of elements in subjects with colorectal polyps 225 tissues. Polypotic patients had higher serum Cr, Cu and Pb and lower urinary Mo levels than healthy subjects, whereas blood showed no difference. Results highlighted metal-specific differences both at tissue and systemic level probably caused by the early stage of colorectal cancer. (2009) 'Composition of essential and non-essential elements in tissues and body fluids of healthy subjects and patients with colorectal polyps', Int.
International Journal of Environment and Health, 2007
Int. J. Environment and Health, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007 ... Harmful algal blooms: new methods of cont... more Int. J. Environment and Health, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007 ... Harmful algal blooms: new methods of control and management ... Daniela Mattei, Giuseppe Salvatore, and Milena Bruno* ... Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy ...
The evaluation of Tiber River quality, in a stretch including a sewage treatment plant, has been ... more The evaluation of Tiber River quality, in a stretch including a sewage treatment plant, has been carried out by the contemporary evaluation of water effect on Daphnia and benthic macroinvertebrates community structure. To achieve a good status of a river water by the end of 2015, as provided in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, is necessary to know the quality starting point. To this end, several endpoints are expected by the WFD, including Daphnia toxicity test and macroinvertebrate community analysis.
The cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Anagnostidis & Komarek (previously Oscillatoria rubesce... more The cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Anagnostidis & Komarek (previously Oscillatoria rubescens DC ex Gomont) is present in several Italian lakes and it is known to produce cyanotoxins. The dynamics and toxin production of P. rubescens population in Lake Albano, a volcanic crater lake in Central Italy, has been studied for 5 years (January 2001–April 2005). Winter–spring superficial blooms with frequent scums were observed every year. Total microcystin (MC) levels were measured from April 2004 to October 2005 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MC levels up to 14.2 μg/l were measured, with high concentrations found in summer at a 20–25 m depth. The intracellular toxin content varied between 1.5 (surface, January 2004) and 0.21 pg/cell (surface, May 2004). Six different MCs were detected, the most abundant being two desmethyl-MC-RR isomers. Of the 13 water wells monitored in the Lake Albano area, two of them showed MC contamination during winter, confirming the ability of these toxins to migrate through groundwater towards public water sources. These results highlight the need for further studies on the mobility and fate of these pervasive cyanobacterial toxins.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-part A-current Issues, 2008
Data on metals involvement in colorectal polyps are scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study... more Data on metals involvement in colorectal polyps are scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to examine whether the level of metals could be associated with risk of colorectal polyp development. The concentration of 15 chemical elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg Mg, Mn, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn) in 17 colorectal biopsies of healthy individuals, in 15 polypotic and corresponding nonpolypotic biopsies taken from the same individual, was evaluated. Concentration in polyps of metals such as Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn was unchanged both in unpaired and paired samples; elements such as Ba, Cd, and Hg were significantly lower and Fe was significantly higher both in individual and paired tissues. Cobalt, Cr, and Cu were significantly different only between polyps and the adjacent normal tissue area; Se showed a significant accumulation comparing polyps versus healthy tissues. The difference found in some elements between polyps and a control tissue provides an indication about the role of essential and nonessential elements in the early stage (polyps) in the colon carcinogenic process and encourages further studies to confirm the involvement of such elements in neoplastic processes.
The use of natural products as a diet supplement is increasing worldwide but sometimes is not fol... more The use of natural products as a diet supplement is increasing worldwide but sometimes is not followed by adequate sanitary controls and analyses. Twenty samples of pills and capsules of lyophilised cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), commercialised in Italy as dietary supplements, were found positive at the Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Further analyses with ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods revealed the presence of four microcystin (MC) analogues, MC-LR, -YR, -LA, -RR and two demethylated forms of MC-RR. The highest total microcystin content was 4.5 and 1.4 microg g-1 in pills and capsules, respectively. The ELISA measurements, compared to the LC-MS/MS analyses, showed significantly lower concentrations of microcystins in pills, this confirming a possible ELISA underestimate of mixed microcystins, due to different sensitivities for some toxic analogues.
A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests... more A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests to calculate measurement uncertainty was described and applied to a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS)-based method for the determination of Be, Cd, Hg, Ir, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, U, Tl and W in human serum. The method was validated according to criteria issued by international bodies such as AOAC, Eurachem and ISO and the uncertainty in the analytical measurements was estimated following the Eurachem/Citac guide. The methodology was based on dilution of human serum with water and analysis by serum-matched standard calibration. The method quantification limits ranged 0.02 mg/L (Tl, Ir) to 0.26 mg/L (Hg). The coefficients of regression were greater than 0.9991 over a range of two orders of magnitude of concentration. The mean trueness was 101% and the mean recovery on three levels of fortification (1-, 1.5-, and 2-times the baseline serum level) ranged between 93.3% and 106%. The maximum relative standard deviation values for repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were 12.8% and 13.5%. The method was robust to slight variations of some critical factors relevant to the sample preparation and SF-ICP-MS instrumentation. The relative expanded uncertainty over three levels of concentration ranged from 11.6% (Hg) to 27.6% (Pt), and the uncertainty on the within-laboratory reproducibility, which included factors such as time, analyst and calibration, represented the main contribution to the overall uncertainty.
A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests... more A protocol that utilises data (trueness/recovery, precision and robustness) from validation tests to calculate measurement uncertainty was described and applied to a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS)-based method for the determination of Be, Cd, Hg, Ir, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, U, Tl and W in human serum. The method was validated according to criteria issued by international bodies such as AOAC, Eurachem and ISO and the uncertainty in the analytical measurements was estimated following the Eurachem/Citac guide. The methodology was based on dilution of human serum with water and analysis by serum-matched standard calibration. The method quantification limits ranged 0.02 mg/L (Tl, Ir) to 0.26 mg/L (Hg). The coefficients of regression were greater than 0.9991 over a range of two orders of magnitude of concentration. The mean trueness was 101% and the mean recovery on three levels of fortification (1-, 1.5-, and 2-times the baseline serum level) ranged between 93.3% and 106%. The maximum relative standard deviation values for repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were 12.8% and 13.5%. The method was robust to slight variations of some critical factors relevant to the sample preparation and SF-ICP-MS instrumentation. The relative expanded uncertainty over three levels of concentration ranged from 11.6% (Hg) to 27.6% (Pt), and the uncertainty on the within-laboratory reproducibility, which included factors such as time, analyst and calibration, represented the main contribution to the overall uncertainty.
International Journal of Environment and Health, 2009
This study was devoted to the quantification of 21 metals (Al, and Zn) in the colorectal tissue o... more This study was devoted to the quantification of 21 metals (Al, and Zn) in the colorectal tissue of 52 healthy subjects, 31 patients with polyps and 21 post-operated patients, and in blood, serum and urine of all subjects. Tissues of healthy subjects had a content of metals similar to those of postoperated patients and to normal tissues adjacent to the polyp. The polyps had concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sr and V significantly lower and of Fe and Se significantly higher respect to normal Composition of elements in subjects with colorectal polyps 225 tissues. Polypotic patients had higher serum Cr, Cu and Pb and lower urinary Mo levels than healthy subjects, whereas blood showed no difference. Results highlighted metal-specific differences both at tissue and systemic level probably caused by the early stage of colorectal cancer. (2009) 'Composition of essential and non-essential elements in tissues and body fluids of healthy subjects and patients with colorectal polyps', Int.
International Journal of Environment and Health, 2007
Int. J. Environment and Health, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007 ... Harmful algal blooms: new methods of cont... more Int. J. Environment and Health, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007 ... Harmful algal blooms: new methods of control and management ... Daniela Mattei, Giuseppe Salvatore, and Milena Bruno* ... Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy ...
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