Papers by Muhammad Faiq Khan
The Journal of Zoology Studies, 2015
Two separate trials were performed to evaluate the effects of locally prepared 35% crude protein ... more Two separate trials were performed to evaluate the effects of locally prepared 35% crude protein (CP) and various sources of algae containing pigmen ts like carotenoids (Chlorella vulgaris, astaxantin and Spirulina platensis) on growth of go ldfish (Carassius auratus) fry. The algae diet was formulated to contain a constant level of carot en ids pigments (60 mg/kg). Ten week nutrition study was conducted and fish was feed on a locally prepared (35% CP) diet and a dietary carotenoids supplement of freshwater microalgal bio mass diet on 3% of body weight twice daily. The physico-chemical properties of water were regul arly checked and suitable for ornamental fish culture. At the end, result was deduced through the data of weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR), percentage weigh t ain (PWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Growth and feed efficiency were not signific antly (p > 0.05) different among groups treated with various diets. However in the...
Sensors, 2015
The synergy of computational and physical network components leading to the Internet of Things, D... more The synergy of computational and physical network components leading to the Internet of Things, Data and Services has been made feasible by the use of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs). CPS engineering promises to impact system condition monitoring for a diverse range of fields from healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation to aerospace and warfare. CPS for environment monitoring applications completely transforms human-to-human, human-to-machine and machine-to-machine interactions with the use of Internet Cloud. A recent trend is to gain assistance from mergers between virtual networking and physical actuation to reliably perform all conventional and complex sensing and communication tasks. Oil and gas pipeline monitoring provides a novel example of the benefits of CPS, providing a reliable remote monitoring platform to
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013
Physical characterization of viscous samples is crucial in chemical, pharma and petroleum industr... more Physical characterization of viscous samples is crucial in chemical, pharma and petroleum industry. For example, in the refining industry of petroleum, water percentage is verified by measuring the density of a sample. In this article we present a suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) which uses 5 pL of a fluid sample and measures its density with a resolution of 0.01 kg/m 3 and a sensitivity of 16 Hz/kg/m 3. The resonator can also simultaneously measure viscosity of the solutions with an accuracy of 0.025 mPa s. The SMR is part of a system which contains packaging and tubing to deliver samples to the resonator. The system can easily handle multiple viscous fluids to measure their densities and viscosities. The SMR is transparent, facilitating visual inspection of the microchannel content.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Remote sensing images contain important information such as airports, ports, and ships. By extrac... more Remote sensing images contain important information such as airports, ports, and ships. By extracting remote sensing image features and learning the mapping relationship between image features and text semantic features, the interpretation and description of remote sensing image content can be realized, which has a wide range of application value in military and civil fields such as national defense security, land monitoring, urban planning, disaster mitigation and so on. Aiming at the complex background of remote sensing images and the lack of interpretability of existing target detection models, and the problems in feature extraction between different network structures, different layers, and the accuracy of target classification, we propose an object detection and interpretation model based on Gradient weighted class activation mapping and reinforcement learning. Firstly, ResNet is used as the main backbone network to extract the features of remote sensing images and generate feature graphs. Then, we add the global average pooling layer to obtain the corresponding feature weight vector of the feature graph. The weighted vectors are superimposed to output class activation maps. The reinforcement learning method is used to optimize the generated region generation network. At the same time, we improve the reward function of reinforcement learning to improve the effect of the region generation network. Finally, network dissecting analysis is used to obtain the interpretable semantic concept in the model. Through experiments, the average accuracy is more than 85%. Experimental results in the public remote sensing image description dataset show that the proposed method has high detection accuracy and good description performance for remote sensing images in complex environments.
Nanomaterials
Clinical applications of bio-absorbable magnesium (Mg) and its alloys can be enhanced by increasi... more Clinical applications of bio-absorbable magnesium (Mg) and its alloys can be enhanced by increasing their corrosion resistance, using surface modification and functionality. In this study, we synthesized graphene oxide (GO) through improved Hummers’ method and deposited it on biodegradable AZ31B Mg alloy for further characterization. Different suspensions of GO were prepared in various solvents, like deionized water, ethanol, and acetone by ultra-sonication. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to develop GO coatings on AZ31B Mg using different GO suspensions. Effect of various solvents on corrosion behavior, as well as in vitro biocompatibility, was studied. The optimized EPD parameters were 3 volts and 90 s for coating. Different characterization techniques were used to study GO and prepared coatings. Atomic force microscopy found that the average thickness of GO was ~1 nm. Electrochemical behavior of coatings was studied through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) a...
Materials
Herein, we synthesized the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films (TFs) deposited on glass substrates via sp... more Herein, we synthesized the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films (TFs) deposited on glass substrates via spray pyrolysis (SP) to prepare self-cleaning glass. Various process parameters were used to optimize photocatalytic performance. Substrates were coated at room temperature (RT) and 250 °C with a 1 mL or 2 mL ZnO solution while maintaining a distance from the spray gun to the substrate of 20 cm or 30 cm. Several characterization techniques, i.e., XRD, SEM, AFM, and UV–Vis were used to determine the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the prepared samples. The wettability of the samples was evaluated using contact angle measurements. As ZnO is hydrophilic in nature, the RT deposited samples showed a hydrophilic character, whereas the ZnO TFs deposited at 250 °C demonstrated a hydrophobic character. The XRD results showed a higher degree of crystallinity for samples deposited on heated substrates. Because of this higher crystallinity, the surface energy decreased, and t...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2017
Researchers are devising new ways for robust digital content delivery in situations where telecom... more Researchers are devising new ways for robust digital content delivery in situations where telecommunication signal strength is very low, especially during natural disasters. In this paper, we present research work targeting two dimensions: (a) We selected the IANA standard for digital content classification, 20 types in 5 categories; applied and compared five different lossless compression schemes (LZW, Huffman coding, PPM, Arithmetic Coding, BWT and LZMA) on these 20 data types; (b) A generic prototype application which encodes (for sending) and decodes (on receiving) the compressed digital content over SMS. Sending digital contents via SMS over satellite communication is achieved by converting digital content into text; apply lossless compression on the text and transmit the compressed text by using SMS. Proposed method does not require Internet Service and also not requires any additional hardware in existing network architecture to transmit digital contents. Results show that overall PPM compression method offers best compression ratio (0.63) among all compression schemes Thus PPM reduces the SMS transmission saving up to 43%, while LZW performs the least with 17.6%.
Scientific Reports, 2021
Block cipher has been a standout amongst the most reliable option by which data security is accom... more Block cipher has been a standout amongst the most reliable option by which data security is accomplished. Block cipher strength against various attacks relies on substitution boxes. In literature, extensively algebraic structures, and chaotic systems-based techniques are available to design the cryptographic substitution boxes. Although, algebraic and chaotic systems-based approaches have favorable characteristics for the design of substitution boxes, but on the other side researchers have also pointed weaknesses in these approaches. First-time multilevel information fusion is introduced to construct the substitution boxes, having four layers; Multi Sources, Multi Features, Nonlinear Multi Features Whitening and Substitution Boxes Construction. Our proposed design does not hold the weakness of algebraic structures and chaotic systems because our novel s-box construction relies on the strength of true random numbers. In our proposed method true random numbers are generated from the i...
Current computational models of visual attention focus on relevant information and overlook the c... more Current computational models of visual attention focus on relevant information and overlook the current situation other than its focus. However, studies in visual cognition show that humans use context to facilitate object detection in natural scenes by directing their attention or eyes to diagnostic regions. Top-down attention is knowledge driven approach where an idea, or decision is controlled or directed from the highest level of internally driven attention. Using visual and verbal affective intent goals of a responsive and social agent can be achieved. Developing a social agent to perceive things on the basis of merging the visionary system with verbal patterns and facial patterns including attention level and stress level can lead to the required result. Essential consequences can be described as sensing a stimuli using auditory and visual system, then make a perception (processing of stimulus) and decision using top down approach to interact with human beings. In interaction ...
Engineering and Applied Science Letters, 2021
Renewable energy systems (RESs) have an inherent quality of achieving independence Vis a Vis usef... more Renewable energy systems (RESs) have an inherent quality of achieving independence Vis a Vis useful energy harnessing for self or localized use. At larger scale the renewable energy system allows the power generation and distribution without a significant harm to the environment. Propagation and proliferation of RESs and the Renewable Energy Technology (RET), collectively demand an effective policy making infrastructure to be in place to ensure their penetration locally and globally. Renewable Energy Policies have a great impact on how readily these systems are adopted by the investors and market, how efficient these systems are which is dependent on the research and development (R&D) of RESs, how effectively the country or region copes with the scourge of environmental harm with the use of RESs. Renewable Energy Policies also have an impact on how costly these technologies are and how these technologies fiscally benefit common man, investors and industries. Efficiency enhancement, ...
Nanoscale, 2020
Demonstration of hybrid graphene/Ni contact to WS2 device, which can control/switch the carrier t... more Demonstration of hybrid graphene/Ni contact to WS2 device, which can control/switch the carrier types from n-type to p-type in WS2. We also realized asymmetric Ni and graphene/Ni hybrid contacts to multilayer WS2 devices where we observed the synergistic p–n diode.
Advances in Difference Equations, 2021
COVID-19 or coronavirus is a newly emerged infectious disease that started in Wuhan, China, in De... more COVID-19 or coronavirus is a newly emerged infectious disease that started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and spread worldwide very quickly. Although the recovery rate is greater than the death rate, the COVID-19 infection is becoming very harmful for the human community and causing financial loses to their economy. No proper vaccine for this infection has been introduced in the market in order to treat the infected people. Various approaches have been implemented recently to study the dynamics of this novel infection. Mathematical models are one of the effective tools in this regard to understand the transmission patterns of COVID-19. In the present paper, we formulate a fractional epidemic model in the Caputo sense with the consideration of quarantine, isolation, and environmental impacts to examine the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak. The fractional models are quite useful for understanding better the disease epidemics as well as capture the memory and nonlocality effects. F...
Crystals, 2021
NiMnSn ferromagnetic shape memory alloys exhibit martensitic transformation at low temperatures, ... more NiMnSn ferromagnetic shape memory alloys exhibit martensitic transformation at low temperatures, restricting their applications. Therefore, this is a key factor in improving the martensitic transformation temperature, which is effectively carried out by proper element doping. In this research, we investigated the martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of Ni43Mn46-x SmxSn11 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys on the basis of structural and magnetic measurements. X-ray diffraction showed that the crystal structure transforms from the cubic L21 to the orthorhombic martensite and gamma (γ) phases. The reverse martensitic and martensitic transformations were indicated by exothermic and endothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry. The martensitic transformation temperature increased considerably with Sm doping and exceeded room temperature for Sm = 3 at. %. The Ni43Mn45SmSn11 alloy exhibited magnetostructural transformation, leading to a large magnetocaloric effect near room te...
Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2020
Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on ... more Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Conflict and Health, 2021
Introduction The humanitarian crisis in Iraq remains one of the largest and most unstable in the ... more Introduction The humanitarian crisis in Iraq remains one of the largest and most unstable in the world. In 2014, over 2.5 million civilians were displaced in Iraq; between 2015 and 2017 more than 3 million people continued to be displaced. While health-related research concerning internally displaced persons (IDPs) population has been conducted in many settings, very few have looked at the quality of care delivered in primary health care centres (PHCC) inside camps. The objective of this operational research is to assess the quality of health care services at PHCC in operational IDP camps supported by local and international NGOs (humanitarian partners) as well as the Directorate of Health (DoH) in Iraq at baseline and after 6 months. Method A framework based on five components was used to assess quality of care by assigning a quality-of-care index score. Using a longitudinal design; data were collected through observations of facilities and of patient consultations, as well as heal...
Nanomaterials, 2020
In this study, the dominant role of the top electrode is presented for Nb2O5-based devices to dem... more In this study, the dominant role of the top electrode is presented for Nb2O5-based devices to demonstrate either the resistive switching or threshold characteristics. These Nb2O5-based devices may exhibit different characteristics depending on the selection of electrode. The use of the inert electrode (Au) initiates resistive switching characteristics in the Au/Nb2O5/Pt device. Alternatively, threshold characteristics are induced by using reactive electrodes (W and Nb). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of oxide layers of WOy and NbOx at interfaces for W and Nb as top electrodes. However, no interface layer between the top electrode and active layer is detected in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for Au as the top electrode. Moreover, the dominant phase is Nb2O5 for Au and NbO2 for W and Nb. The threshold characteristics are attributed to the reduction of Nb2O5 phase to NbO2 due to the interfacial oxide layer formation between the reactive top elect...
Advances in Difference Equations, 2020
In this work, we study the dengue dynamics with fractal-factional Caputo–Fabrizio operator. We em... more In this work, we study the dengue dynamics with fractal-factional Caputo–Fabrizio operator. We employ real statistical data of dengue infection cases of East Java, Indonesia, from 2018 and parameterize the dengue model. The estimated basic reduction number for this dataset is$\mathcal{R}_{0}\approx2.2020$R0≈2.2020. We briefly show the stability results of the model for the case when the basic reproduction number is$\mathcal{R}_{0} <1$R0<1. We apply the fractal-fractional operator in the framework of Caputo–Fabrizio to the model and present its numerical solution by using a novel approach. The parameter values estimated for the model are used to compare with fractal-fractional operator, and we suggest that the fractal-fractional operator provides the best fitting for real cases of dengue infection when varying the values of both operators’ orders. We suggest some more graphical illustration for the model variables with various orders of fractal and fractional.
The European Physical Journal Plus, 2021
The new coronavirus disease is still a major panic for people all over the world. The world is gr... more The new coronavirus disease is still a major panic for people all over the world. The world is grappling with the second wave of this new pandemic. Different approaches are taken into consideration to tackle this deadly disease. These approaches were suggested in the form of modeling, analysis of the data, controlling the disease spread and clinical perspectives. In all these suggested approaches, the main aim was to eliminate or decrease the infection of the coronavirus from the community. Here, in this paper, we focus on developing a new mathematical model to understand its dynamics and possible control. We formulate the model first in the integer order and then use the Atangana-Baleanu derivative concept with a nonsingular kernel for its generalization. We present some of the necessary mathematical aspects of the fractional model. We use a nonlinear fractional Lyapunov function in order to present the global asymptotical stability of the model at the disease-free equilibrium. In order to solve the model numerically in the fractional case, we use an efficient modified Adams-Bashforth scheme. The resulting iterative scheme is then used to demonstrate the detailed simulation results of the ABC mathematical model to examine the importance of the memory index and model parameters on the transmission and control of COVID-19 infection.
Results in Physics, 2021
The new emerged infectious disease that is known the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is a h... more The new emerged infectious disease that is known the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is a high contagious viral infection that started in December 2019 in China city Wuhan and spread very fast to the rest of the world. This infection caused million of infected cases globally and still pose an alarming situation for human lives. Pakistan in Asian countries is considered the third country with higher number of cases of coronavirus with more than 200,000. Recently, many mathematical models have been considered to better understand the coronavirus infection. Most of these models are based on classical integer-order derivative which can not capture the fading memory and crossover behavior found in many biological phenomena. Therefore, we study the coronavirus disease in this paper by exploring the dynamics of COVID-19 infection using the non-integer Caputo derivative. In the absence of vaccine or therapy, the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is examined on the dynamics of theCOVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. First, we construct the model in integer sense and then apply the fractional operator to have a generalized model. The generalized model is then used to present the detailed theoretical results. We investigate the stability of the model for the case of fractional model using a nonlinear fractional Lyapunov function of Goh-Voltera type. Furthermore, we estimate the values of parameters with the help of least square curve fitting tool for the COVID-19 data recorded in Pakistan since March 1 till June 30, 2020 and show that our considered model give an accurate prediction to the real COVID-19 statistical cases. Finally, numerical simulations are presented using estimated parameters for various values of the fractional order of the Caputo derivative. From the simulation results it is found that the fractional order provides more insights about the disease dynamics.
Advances in Difference Equations, 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1186/s13662-020-03199-3
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Papers by Muhammad Faiq Khan